United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service ISSN: 1995-2004 Farms and Land in Farms 2018 Summary April 2019 Contents 2018 Farms and Land in Farms Highlights...........................................................................4 Number of Farms by Economic Sales Class - United States: 2017 and 2018............................................6 Average Farm Size by Economic Sales Class - United States: 2017 and 2018..........................................6 Farms and Land in Farms by Economic Sales Class - United States: 2018.............................................7 Number of Farms and Average Farm Size - United States: 2011-2018..................................................7 Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size - United States: 2011-2018..................................8 Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size by Economic Sales Class - United States: 2017-2018..........8 Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size - States and United States: 2017-2018.......................9 Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size, $1,000-$9,999 - States and United States: 2017-2018.......10 Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size, $10,000-$99,999 - States and United States: 2017-2018.....11 Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size, $100,000-$249,999 - States and United States: 2017-2018...12 Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size, $250,000-$499,999 - States and United States: 2017-2018...13 Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size, $500,000-$999,999 - States and United States: 2017-2018...14 Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size, $1,000,000 or more - States and United States: 2017-2018..15 Statistical Methodology..........................................................................................16 Terms and Definitions............................................................................................17 Farm Definition History..........................................................................................18 Information Contacts.............................................................................................19 2018 Farms and Land in Farms Highlights The number of farms in the United States for 2018 is estimated at 2,029,200, down 12,800 farms from 2017. Total land in farms, at 899,500,000 acres, decreased 870,000 acres from 2017. The average farm size for 2018 is 443 acres, up 2 acres from the previous year. Farm numbers and land in farms are differentiated by six economic sales classes. Farms and ranches are classified into these six sales classes by summing the sales of agricultural products and government program payments. Sales class breaks occur at $10,000, $100,000, $250,000, $500,000, and $1,000,000. Producers were asked during the 2018 mid-year surveys to report the value of sales based on production during the 2017 calendar year. Point Farms are farms that did not have the required minimum $1,000 in sales for the year to qualify as a farm, but had sufficient crops and livestock to normally have sales of $1,000 or more. Point Farms are assigned a sales class based on the sum of the agricultural point (dollar) values assigned to the quantity of commodities produced but not sold. The 2017 Census of Agriculture showed that 471,593 farms or 23.1 percent of the 2.04 million farms were Point Farms. These Point Farms operated 59.2 million acres or 6.6 percent of the 900.2 million acres of farmland. Number of farms declined by 12,800 from 2017. The number of farms in Sales Class $500,000 - $999,999 increased while all other sales classes declined. Fifty-one percent of all farms had less than $10,000 in sales. Eighty-two percent of all farms had less than $100,000 in sales. Seven percent of all farms had sales of $500,000 or more. Changes in the number of farms by sales class are: * Sales Class $1,000 - $9,999, at 1,035,690 farms, declined by 8,400 farms. * Sales Class $10,000 - $99,999, at 619,030 farms, declined by 1,600 farms. * Sales Class $100,000 - $249,999, at 135,110 farms, declined by 1,230 farms. * Sales Class $250,000 - $499,999, at 88,610 farms, declined by 900 farms. * Sales Class $500,000 - $999,999, at 72,180 farms, increased by 180 farms. * Sales Class $1,000,000 or more, at 78,580 farms, declined by 850 farms. The percent of all farms by sales class are: * Sales Class $1,000 - $9,999: 51.0% * Sales Class $10,000 - $99,999: 30.5% * Sales Class $100,000 - $249,999: 6.7% * Sales Class $250,000 - $499,999: 4.4% * Sales Class $500,000 - $999,999: 3.6% * Sales Class $1,000,000 or more: 3.9% Land in farms, at 899,500,000 acres, is down 870,000 acres from 2017. The biggest change for 2018 is that producers in Sales Class $250,000 - $499,999 operated 1,080,000 fewer acres than in 2017. In 2018, 30.1 percent of all farmland was operated by farms with less than $100,000 in sales, while 40.8 percent of all farmland was operated by farms with sales of $500,000 or more. Farmland changes by sales class are: * Sales Class $1,000 - $9,999, at 84,370,000 acres, declined by 690,000 acres. * Sales Class $10,000 - $99,999, at 186,770,000 acres, increased by 110,000 acres. * Sales Class $100,000 - $249,999, at 133,310,000 acres, increased by 900,000 acres. * Sales Class $250,000 - $499,999, at 128,500,000 acres, declined by 1,080,000 acres. * Sales Class $500,000 - $999,999, at 138,920,000 acres, declined by 60,000 acres. * Sales Class $1,000,000 or more, at 227,630,000 acres, declined by 50,000 acres. Percent of all farmland by sales class are: * Sales Class $1,000 - $9,999: 9.4% * Sales Class $10,000 - $99,999: 20.8% * Sales Class $100,000 - $249,999: 14.8% * Sales Class $250,000 - $499,999: 14.3% * Sales Class $500,000 - $999,999: 15.4% * Sales Class $1,000,000 or more: 25.3% The average farm size continued to increase in 2018 as the number of farms declined more than land in farms. The overall average size increased by 2 acres to 443 acres per farm. Average farm size decreased in the $500,000 - $999,999 sales class and increased or remained unchanged in all others. Average farm size by sales class are: * Sales Class $1,000 - $9,999: 81 acres * Sales Class $10,000 - $99,999: 302 acres * Sales Class $100,000 - $249,999: 987 acres * Sales Class $250,000 - $499,999: 1,450 acres * Sales Class $500,000 - $999,999: 1,925 acres * Sales Class $1,000,000 or more: 2,897 acres Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size - United States: 2011-2018 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year : Number of farms : Land in farms : Average farm size ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number 1,000 acres acres : 2011 .................: 2,131,240 914,420 429 2012 .................: 2,109,810 914,600 433 2013 .................: 2,100,350 911,720 434 2014 .................: 2,082,440 908,920 436 2015 .................: 2,063,890 905,790 439 2016 .................: 2,055,340 902,680 439 2017 .................: 2,042,000 900,370 441 2018 .................: 2,029,200 899,500 443 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size by Economic Sales Class - United States: 2017-2018 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent of total : : :-------------------------------------------------------: : Economic sales class : Farms : Land in farms : Average farm size :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent percent percent acres acres : $ 1,000 - $ 9,999 .: 51.1 51.0 9.4 9.4 81 81 $ 10,000 - $ 99,999 .: 30.4 30.5 20.7 20.8 301 302 $100,000 - $249,999 .: 6.7 6.7 14.7 14.8 971 987 $250,000 - $499,999 .: 4.4 4.4 14.4 14.3 1,448 1,450 $500,000 - $999,999 .: 3.5 3.6 15.4 15.4 1,930 1,925 $1,000,000 or more ..: 3.9 3.9 25.3 25.3 2,866 2,897 : Total 1/ ............: 100.0 100.1 99.9 100.0 441 443 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ May not add to 100 percent due to rounding. Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size - States and United States: 2017-2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number of farms : Land in farms : Average farm size State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :------ number ----- -- 1,000 acres -- ---- acres ---- : Alabama ...........: 40,600 39,700 8,600 8,500 212 214 Alaska ............: 1,000 1,000 850 850 850 850 Arizona ...........: 19,100 19,200 26,100 26,200 1,366 1,365 Arkansas ..........: 42,600 42,500 13,900 13,900 326 327 California ........: 70,500 69,400 24,500 24,300 348 350 Colorado ..........: 38,900 38,900 31,800 31,800 817 817 Connecticut .......: 5,500 5,500 380 380 69 69 Delaware ..........: 2,300 2,300 530 530 230 230 Florida ...........: 47,600 47,500 9,700 9,700 204 204 Georgia ...........: 42,400 41,600 10,000 10,100 236 243 : Hawaii ............: 7,300 7,300 1,100 1,100 151 151 Idaho .............: 25,000 24,800 11,700 11,600 468 468 Illinois ..........: 72,700 72,000 27,000 27,000 371 375 Indiana ...........: 56,600 56,100 15,000 15,000 265 267 Iowa ..............: 86,100 86,000 30,600 30,600 355 356 Kansas ............: 58,600 58,900 45,800 45,800 782 778 Kentucky ..........: 76,000 75,100 13,000 12,900 171 172 Louisiana .........: 27,400 27,400 8,000 8,000 292 292 Maine .............: 7,600 7,600 1,300 1,300 171 171 Maryland ..........: 12,400 12,400 2,000 2,000 161 161 : Massachusetts .....: 7,200 7,200 490 500 68 69 Michigan ..........: 47,600 47,000 9,800 9,800 206 209 Minnesota .........: 68,800 68,500 25,500 25,500 371 372 Mississippi .......: 35,000 34,700 10,400 10,400 297 300 Missouri ..........: 95,300 95,000 27,800 27,700 292 292 Montana ...........: 27,000 26,900 58,100 58,000 2,152 2,156 Nebraska ..........: 46,300 45,900 45,000 45,000 972 980 Nevada ............: 3,400 3,400 6,100 6,100 1,794 1,794 New Hampshire .....: 4,100 4,100 430 430 105 105 New Jersey ........: 9,900 9,900 730 750 74 76 : New Mexico ........: 25,000 24,700 40,700 40,500 1,628 1,640 New York ..........: 33,400 33,400 6,900 6,900 207 207 North Carolina ....: 46,400 46,400 8,400 8,400 181 181 North Dakota ......: 26,400 26,100 39,300 39,300 1,489 1,506 Ohio ..............: 77,800 77,800 14,000 13,900 180 179 Oklahoma ..........: 78,500 77,300 34,200 34,200 436 442 Oregon ............: 37,600 37,200 16,000 16,000 426 430 Pennsylvania ......: 53,200 53,000 7,300 7,300 137 138 Rhode Island ......: 1,100 1,100 60 60 55 55 South Carolina ....: 24,800 24,600 4,700 4,800 190 195 : South Dakota ......: 30,000 29,600 43,200 43,200 1,440 1,459 Tennessee .........: 70,000 70,000 10,900 10,900 156 156 Texas .............: 248,500 247,000 127,000 127,000 511 514 Utah ..............: 18,400 18,100 10,800 10,700 587 591 Vermont ...........: 6,800 6,800 1,200 1,200 176 176 Virginia ..........: 43,200 42,500 7,800 7,800 181 184 Washington ........: 35,800 35,700 14,700 14,700 411 412 West Virginia .....: 23,600 23,400 3,700 3,600 157 154 Wisconsin .........: 64,800 64,800 14,300 14,300 221 221 Wyoming ...........: 11,900 11,900 29,000 29,000 2,437 2,437 : United States .....:2,042,000 2,029,200 900,370 899,500 441 443 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size by Economic Sales Class - States and United States: 2017-2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Economic sales class: $1,000-$9,999 :----------------------------------------------------------- : Number of farms : Land in farms : Average farm size State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :------ number ----- 1,000 acres --- acres --- : Alabama ...........: 22,800 22,600 2,200 2,100 96 93 Alaska ............: 540 540 80 80 148 148 Arizona ...........: 14,100 14,300 4,700 4,800 333 336 Arkansas ..........: 20,900 20,700 1,900 1,800 91 87 California ........: 27,200 26,400 1,300 1,400 48 53 Colorado ..........: 22,300 21,900 2,300 2,100 103 96 Connecticut .......: 3,650 3,650 130 130 36 36 Delaware ..........: 820 820 20 20 24 24 Florida ...........: 29,200 29,000 1,400 1,300 48 45 Georgia ...........: 23,600 23,300 2,200 2,300 93 99 : Hawaii ............: 4,250 4,250 70 70 16 16 Idaho .............: 13,700 13,500 700 700 51 52 Illinois ..........: 28,100 27,900 1,200 1,200 43 43 Indiana ...........: 26,400 25,800 1,000 900 38 35 Iowa ..............: 25,400 25,400 900 900 35 35 Kansas ............: 21,800 21,800 1,900 2,000 87 92 Kentucky ..........: 45,100 44,300 3,100 3,100 69 70 Louisiana .........: 15,400 15,300 1,100 1,100 71 72 Maine .............: 4,800 4,800 390 390 81 81 Maryland ..........: 6,700 6,700 260 260 39 39 : Massachusetts .....: 4,500 4,500 180 190 40 42 Michigan ..........: 24,500 24,000 1,200 1,200 49 50 Minnesota .........: 25,600 25,400 1,600 1,600 63 63 Mississippi .......: 20,000 19,700 2,300 2,300 115 117 Missouri ..........: 44,500 44,400 3,300 3,300 74 74 Montana ...........: 11,700 11,600 2,000 1,900 171 164 Nebraska ..........: 12,000 11,500 900 800 75 70 Nevada ............: 1,700 1,700 500 500 294 294 New Hampshire .....: 2,750 2,750 170 170 62 62 New Jersey ........: 6,400 6,400 160 160 25 25 : New Mexico ........: 17,100 16,800 5,400 5,100 316 304 New York ..........: 15,400 15,400 1,100 1,100 71 71 North Carolina ....: 26,100 26,100 1,500 1,500 57 57 North Dakota ......: 7,400 7,200 1,100 1,100 149 153 Ohio ..............: 40,100 40,400 1,700 1,600 42 40 Oklahoma ..........: 40,400 39,800 4,100 4,100 101 103 Oregon ............: 23,800 23,400 1,000 1,000 42 43 Pennsylvania ......: 25,000 25,000 1,300 1,300 52 52 Rhode Island ......: 630 630 20 20 32 32 South Carolina ....: 16,700 16,500 1,500 1,600 90 97 : South Dakota ......: 7,500 7,200 900 900 120 125 Tennessee .........: 43,800 43,800 2,800 2,700 64 62 Texas .............: 157,000 156,500 15,600 15,600 99 100 Utah ..............: 11,200 11,000 600 600 54 55 Vermont ...........: 3,750 3,750 280 280 75 75 Virginia ..........: 24,700 24,100 1,700 1,700 69 71 Washington ........: 21,800 21,800 800 800 37 37 West Virginia .....: 17,000 17,000 1,600 1,600 94 94 Wisconsin .........: 28,700 28,800 1,800 1,800 63 63 Wyoming ...........: 5,600 5,600 1,100 1,200 196 214 : United States .....:1,044,090 1,035,690 85,060 84,370 81 81 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size by Economic Sales Class - States and United States: 2017-2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Economic sales class: $10,000-$99,999 :----------------------------------------------------------- : Number of farms : Land in farms : Average farm size State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- number ---- -- 1,000 acres -- ---- acres ---- : Alabama ...........: 13,300 12,500 3,200 3,200 241 256 Alaska ............: 360 360 450 450 1,250 1,250 Arizona ...........: 3,650 3,550 5,100 5,300 1,397 1,493 Arkansas ..........: 14,500 14,700 3,700 3,700 255 252 California ........: 22,800 22,500 4,300 4,000 189 178 Colorado ..........: 10,900 11,200 7,200 7,100 661 634 Connecticut .......: 1,400 1,400 100 100 71 71 Delaware ..........: (D) 510 (D) 50 (D) 98 Florida ...........: 13,400 13,500 2,000 2,100 149 156 Georgia ...........: 12,000 11,500 2,700 2,700 225 235 : Hawaii ............: 2,500 2,500 200 200 80 80 Idaho .............: 6,500 6,500 1,800 1,800 277 277 Illinois ..........: 20,400 20,200 2,600 2,600 127 129 Indiana ...........: 16,200 16,600 1,800 1,800 111 108 Iowa ..............: 26,300 26,200 3,700 3,700 141 141 Kansas ............: 21,100 21,300 7,000 7,100 332 333 Kentucky ..........: 24,200 24,200 4,400 4,400 182 182 Louisiana .........: 8,700 8,800 1,900 1,900 218 216 Maine .............: 2,050 2,050 350 350 171 171 Maryland ..........: 3,300 3,300 390 390 118 118 : Massachusetts .....: 1,950 1,950 160 160 82 82 Michigan ..........: 14,200 14,400 1,700 1,700 120 118 Minnesota .........: 20,400 20,400 3,600 3,600 176 176 Mississippi .......: 10,700 10,700 3,000 3,000 280 280 Missouri ..........: 37,100 37,200 8,600 8,600 232 231 Montana ...........: 7,900 8,000 10,100 10,400 1,278 1,300 Nebraska ..........: 14,200 14,500 4,900 5,000 345 345 Nevada ............: 970 970 500 500 515 515 New Hampshire .....: 1,100 1,100 170 170 155 155 New Jersey ........: 2,350 2,350 160 170 68 72 : New Mexico ........: 6,000 6,100 10,100 10,400 1,683 1,705 New York ..........: 11,300 11,400 1,800 1,800 159 158 North Carolina ....: 12,500 12,700 1,700 1,800 136 142 North Dakota ......: 7,400 7,400 3,800 4,000 514 541 Ohio ..............: 23,500 23,000 2,800 2,700 119 117 Oklahoma ..........: 29,400 29,000 11,400 11,400 388 393 Oregon ............: 9,000 9,000 3,000 3,000 333 333 Pennsylvania ......: 16,700 16,700 2,200 2,200 132 132 Rhode Island ......: (D) 340 (D) 20 (D) 59 South Carolina ....: 5,900 5,900 1,300 1,300 220 220 : South Dakota ......: 9,300 9,300 4,600 4,600 495 495 Tennessee .........: 21,700 21,700 3,800 3,900 175 180 Texas .............: 73,800 72,800 39,100 38,300 530 526 Utah ..............: 5,200 5,100 1,900 1,900 365 373 Vermont ...........: 1,950 1,950 310 310 159 159 Virginia ..........: 14,000 14,000 2,800 2,800 200 200 Washington ........: 8,200 8,300 1,800 1,800 220 217 West Virginia .....: 5,800 5,600 1,500 1,400 259 250 Wisconsin .........: 20,100 20,100 2,900 2,900 144 144 Wyoming ...........: 3,600 3,700 4,000 4,000 1,111 1,081 : Other States 1/ ...: 850 - 70 - (X) (X) : United States .....: 620,630 619,030 186,660 186,770 301 302 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Includes data withheld above. Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size by Economic Sales Class - States and United States: 2017-2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Economic sales class: $100,000-$249,999 :----------------------------------------------------------- : Number of farms : Land in farms : Average farm size State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- number ---- -- 1,000 acres -- ----- acres ---- : Alabama ...........: 1,000 1,050 710 750 710 714 Alaska ............: 40 40 210 210 5,250 5,250 Arizona ...........: 490 530 10,400 10,300 21,224 19,434 Arkansas ..........: 1,350 1,350 900 950 667 704 California ........: 6,700 6,450 3,400 3,200 507 496 Colorado ..........: 2,500 2,550 5,800 5,900 2,320 2,314 Connecticut .......: (D) 190 (D) 30 (D) 158 Delaware ..........: (D) 130 (D) 40 (D) 308 Florida ...........: 1,950 1,900 1,200 1,200 615 632 Georgia ...........: 1,400 1,450 700 690 500 476 : Hawaii ............: 270 270 130 130 481 481 Idaho .............: 1,700 1,700 1,700 1,700 1,000 1,000 Illinois ..........: 8,200 8,000 2,800 2,700 341 338 Indiana ...........: 5,100 5,000 1,600 1,700 314 340 Iowa ..............: 11,100 11,100 3,600 3,600 324 324 Kansas ............: 6,200 6,300 6,500 6,600 1,048 1,048 Kentucky ..........: 3,000 2,900 1,300 1,200 433 414 Louisiana .........: 930 950 780 790 839 832 Maine .............: 320 320 100 100 313 313 Maryland ..........: 720 720 210 210 292 292 : Massachusetts .....: 340 340 40 40 118 118 Michigan ..........: 3,350 3,150 1,100 1,200 328 381 Minnesota .........: 7,700 7,700 2,900 2,900 377 377 Mississippi .......: 930 920 610 610 656 663 Missouri ..........: 6,000 5,800 3,600 3,500 600 603 Montana ...........: 3,050 3,100 10,300 10,200 3,377 3,290 Nebraska ..........: 6,600 6,400 5,700 5,700 864 891 Nevada ............: 220 220 900 900 4,091 4,091 New Hampshire .....: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) New Jersey ........: 450 450 100 110 222 244 : New Mexico ........: 850 820 6,600 6,300 7,765 7,683 New York ..........: 3,050 3,000 880 880 289 293 North Carolina ....: 1,650 1,650 600 600 364 364 North Dakota ......: 3,200 3,100 4,700 4,700 1,469 1,516 Ohio ..............: 6,100 6,400 2,000 2,200 328 344 Oklahoma ..........: 4,350 4,250 6,300 6,300 1,448 1,482 Oregon ............: 1,850 1,850 2,600 2,600 1,405 1,405 Pennsylvania ......: 5,100 5,100 1,100 1,100 216 216 Rhode Island ......: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) South Carolina ....: 620 630 320 320 516 508 : South Dakota ......: 4,450 4,450 6,700 6,800 1,506 1,528 Tennessee .........: 1,800 1,800 850 850 472 472 Texas .............: 7,500 7,500 19,200 20,200 2,560 2,693 Utah ..............: 910 900 1,200 1,300 1,319 1,444 Vermont ...........: 470 470 140 140 298 298 Virginia ..........: 1,750 1,750 950 950 543 543 Washington ........: 1,900 1,800 3,200 3,100 1,684 1,722 West Virginia .....: 370 370 270 270 730 730 Wisconsin .........: 7,000 6,900 2,100 2,100 300 304 Wyoming ...........: 1,300 1,200 5,300 5,400 4,077 4,500 : Other States 1/ ...: 510 190 110 40 (X) (X) : United States .....: 136,340 135,110 132,410 133,310 971 987 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Includes data withheld above. Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size by Economic Sales Class - States and United States: 2017-2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Economic sales class: $250,000-$499,999 :----------------------------------------------------------- : Number of farms : Land in farms : Average farm size State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- number ---- -- 1,000 acres -- ----- acres ---- : Alabama ...........: 650 650 590 560 908 862 Alaska ............: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Arizona ...........: 230 210 1,600 1,700 6,957 8,095 Arkansas ..........: 1,050 1,050 700 750 667 714 California ........: 4,100 3,900 2,500 2,300 610 590 Colorado ..........: 1,400 1,450 5,500 5,700 3,929 3,931 Connecticut .......: (D) 110 (D) 20 (D) 182 Delaware ..........: (D) 110 (D) 50 (D) 455 Florida ...........: 1,050 1,000 850 850 810 850 Georgia ...........: 1,050 1,050 600 610 571 581 : Hawaii ............: 120 120 170 170 1,417 1,417 Idaho .............: 1,200 1,200 1,500 1,500 1,250 1,250 Illinois ..........: 6,400 6,200 4,100 4,000 641 645 Indiana ...........: 3,450 3,350 2,000 2,000 580 597 Iowa ..............: 8,900 8,900 5,500 5,500 618 618 Kansas ............: 3,950 4,050 7,700 7,600 1,949 1,877 Kentucky ..........: 1,400 1,450 900 900 643 621 Louisiana .........: 560 540 620 610 1,107 1,130 Maine .............: 180 180 100 100 556 556 Maryland ..........: 490 490 230 230 469 469 : Massachusetts .....: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Michigan ..........: 2,200 2,200 1,300 1,200 591 545 Minnesota .........: 5,800 5,800 3,800 3,900 655 672 Mississippi .......: 590 600 590 590 1,000 983 Missouri ..........: 2,900 2,950 2,800 2,900 966 983 Montana ...........: 2,300 2,300 13,300 13,400 5,783 5,826 Nebraska ..........: 5,100 5,000 8,200 7,800 1,608 1,560 Nevada ............: 240 240 1,000 1,000 4,167 4,167 New Hampshire .....: (D) 70 (D) 30 (D) 429 New Jersey ........: 280 280 80 80 286 286 : New Mexico ........: 420 390 6,600 6,400 15,714 16,410 New York ..........: 1,750 1,750 780 780 446 446 North Carolina ....: 1,250 1,250 700 700 560 560 North Dakota ......: 3,000 3,000 6,600 6,500 2,200 2,167 Ohio ..............: 3,600 3,300 2,000 1,900 556 576 Oklahoma ..........: 2,050 2,050 4,600 4,600 2,244 2,244 Oregon ............: 1,150 1,150 2,900 2,900 2,522 2,522 Pennsylvania ......: 3,250 3,150 980 980 302 311 Rhode Island ......: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) South Carolina ....: 340 280 270 270 794 964 : South Dakota ......: 3,700 3,700 8,700 8,700 2,351 2,351 Tennessee .........: 1,000 1,000 660 660 660 660 Texas .............: 3,550 3,650 15,200 14,700 4,282 4,027 Utah ..............: 510 520 2,100 2,000 4,118 3,846 Vermont ...........: 320 320 130 130 406 406 Virginia ..........: 960 910 680 680 708 747 Washington ........: 1,300 1,250 2,000 2,100 1,538 1,680 West Virginia .....: 130 130 120 120 923 923 Wisconsin .........: 4,300 4,300 2,000 2,000 465 465 Wyoming ...........: 800 810 6,100 6,200 7,625 7,654 : Other States 1/ ...: 540 250 230 130 (X) (X) : United States .....: 89,510 88,610 129,580 128,500 1,448 1,450 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Includes data withheld above. Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size by Economic Sales Class - States and United States: 2017-2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Economic sales class: $500,000-$999,999 :----------------------------------------------------------- : Number of farms : Land in farms : Average farm size State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- number ---- -- 1,000 acres -- ----- acres ---- : Alabama ...........: 1,150 1,200 700 690 609 575 Alaska ............: (D) 30 (D) 20 (D) 667 Arizona ...........: 210 200 1,100 1,000 5,238 5,000 Arkansas ..........: 1,350 1,350 1,200 1,200 889 889 California ........: 3,300 3,550 2,500 2,200 758 620 Colorado ..........: 920 900 4,600 4,500 5,000 5,000 Connecticut .......: (D) 70 (D) 20 (D) 286 Delaware ..........: 260 260 110 110 423 423 Florida ...........: 800 900 650 650 813 722 Georgia ...........: 1,800 1,800 1,400 1,400 778 778 : Hawaii ............: 70 70 210 210 3,000 3,000 Idaho .............: 800 800 1,800 1,800 2,250 2,250 Illinois ..........: 5,200 5,300 5,900 6,100 1,135 1,151 Indiana ...........: 2,650 2,450 2,800 2,800 1,057 1,143 Iowa ..............: 8,000 8,000 7,800 7,800 975 975 Kansas ............: 2,950 3,000 9,300 9,200 3,153 3,067 Kentucky ..........: 1,000 1,000 900 900 900 900 Louisiana .........: 710 710 1,100 1,050 1,549 1,479 Maine .............: 110 110 70 70 636 636 Maryland ..........: 520 520 330 330 635 635 : Massachusetts .....: (D) 140 (D) 30 (D) 214 Michigan ..........: 1,650 1,550 1,500 1,500 909 968 Minnesota .........: 4,800 4,800 5,100 5,100 1,063 1,063 Mississippi .......: 880 880 900 900 1,023 1,023 Missouri ..........: 2,400 2,400 3,700 3,700 1,542 1,542 Montana ...........: 1,400 1,300 12,200 12,200 8,714 9,385 Nebraska ..........: 4,300 4,400 9,400 9,400 2,186 2,136 Nevada ............: 140 140 700 700 5,000 5,000 New Hampshire .....: (D) 30 (D) 10 (D) 333 New Jersey ........: 200 200 90 90 450 450 : New Mexico ........: 290 260 5,900 6,300 20,345 24,231 New York ..........: 930 930 640 640 688 688 North Carolina ....: 1,450 1,450 900 900 621 621 North Dakota ......: 2,800 2,800 9,100 9,100 3,250 3,250 Ohio ..............: 2,450 2,550 2,300 2,300 939 902 Oklahoma ..........: 1,250 1,150 3,700 3,600 2,960 3,130 Oregon ............: 850 850 2,800 2,800 3,294 3,294 Pennsylvania ......: 1,700 1,700 750 750 441 441 Rhode Island ......: (D) 20 (D) 10 (D) 500 South Carolina ....: 360 410 400 400 1,111 976 : South Dakota ......: 2,700 2,700 8,900 8,900 3,296 3,296 Tennessee .........: 830 830 890 890 1,072 1,072 Texas .............: 3,000 3,000 14,300 14,500 4,767 4,833 Utah ..............: 310 310 1,000 1,000 3,226 3,226 Vermont ...........: 140 140 80 80 571 571 Virginia ..........: 880 830 670 670 761 807 Washington ........: 1,100 1,100 2,300 2,300 2,091 2,091 West Virginia .....: 150 150 100 100 667 667 Wisconsin .........: 2,550 2,550 1,900 1,900 745 745 Wyoming ...........: 400 390 6,200 6,100 15,500 15,641 : Other States 1/ ...: 290 - 90 - (X) (X) : United States .....: 72,000 72,180 138,980 138,920 1,930 1,925 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Includes data withheld above. Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size by Economic Sales Class - States and United States: 2017-2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Economic sales class: $1,000,000 or more :----------------------------------------------------------- : Number of farms : Land in farms : Average farm size State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 : 2017 : 2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- number ---- -- 1,000 acres -- ----- acres ---- : Alabama ...........: 1,700 1,700 1,200 1,200 706 706 Alaska ............: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Arizona ...........: 420 410 3,200 3,100 7,619 7,561 Arkansas ..........: 3,450 3,350 5,500 5,500 1,594 1,642 California ........: 6,400 6,600 10,500 11,200 1,641 1,697 Colorado ..........: 880 900 6,400 6,500 7,273 7,222 Connecticut .......: 80 80 80 80 1,000 1,000 Delaware ..........: 470 470 260 260 553 553 Florida ...........: 1,200 1,200 3,600 3,600 3,000 3,000 Georgia ...........: 2,550 2,500 2,400 2,400 941 960 : Hawaii ............: 90 90 320 320 3,556 3,556 Idaho .............: 1,100 1,100 4,200 4,100 3,818 3,727 Illinois ..........: 4,400 4,400 10,400 10,400 2,364 2,364 Indiana ...........: 2,800 2,900 5,800 5,800 2,071 2,000 Iowa ..............: 6,400 6,400 9,100 9,100 1,422 1,422 Kansas ............: 2,600 2,450 13,400 13,300 5,154 5,429 Kentucky ..........: 1,300 1,250 2,400 2,400 1,846 1,920 Louisiana .........: 1,100 1,100 2,500 2,550 2,273 2,318 Maine .............: 140 140 290 290 2,071 2,071 Maryland ..........: 670 670 580 580 866 866 : Massachusetts .....: 70 (D) 40 (D) 571 (D) Michigan ..........: 1,700 1,700 3,000 3,000 1,765 1,765 Minnesota .........: 4,500 4,400 8,500 8,400 1,889 1,909 Mississippi .......: 1,900 1,900 3,000 3,000 1,579 1,579 Missouri ..........: 2,400 2,250 5,800 5,700 2,417 2,533 Montana ...........: 650 600 10,200 9,900 15,692 16,500 Nebraska ..........: 4,100 4,100 15,900 16,300 3,878 3,976 Nevada ............: 130 130 2,500 2,500 19,231 19,231 New Hampshire .....: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) New Jersey ........: 220 220 140 140 636 636 : New Mexico ........: 340 330 6,100 6,000 17,941 18,182 New York ..........: 970 920 1,700 1,700 1,753 1,848 North Carolina ....: 3,450 3,250 3,000 2,900 870 892 North Dakota ......: 2,600 2,600 14,000 13,900 5,385 5,346 Ohio ..............: 2,050 2,150 3,200 3,200 1,561 1,488 Oklahoma ..........: 1,050 1,050 4,100 4,200 3,905 4,000 Oregon ............: 950 950 3,700 3,700 3,895 3,895 Pennsylvania ......: 1,450 1,350 970 970 669 719 Rhode Island ......: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) South Carolina ....: 880 880 910 910 1,034 1,034 : South Dakota ......: 2,350 2,250 13,400 13,300 5,702 5,911 Tennessee .........: 870 870 1,900 1,900 2,184 2,184 Texas .............: 3,650 3,550 23,600 23,700 6,466 6,676 Utah ..............: 270 270 4,000 3,900 14,815 14,444 Vermont ...........: 170 170 260 260 1,529 1,529 Virginia ..........: 910 910 1,000 1,000 1,099 1,099 Washington ........: 1,500 1,450 4,600 4,600 3,067 3,172 West Virginia .....: 150 150 110 110 733 733 Wisconsin .........: 2,150 2,150 3,600 3,600 1,674 1,674 Wyoming ...........: 200 200 6,300 6,100 31,500 30,500 : Other States 1/ ...: 50 120 20 60 (X) (X) : United States .....: 79,430 78,580 227,680 227,630 2,866 2,897 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Includes data withheld above. Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: Data are collected by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) during the June Agricultural Survey using sampling procedures to ensure every farm and ranch has a chance of being selected. NASS uses a multiple sampling frame approach to count farms and measure land in farms. An Area Sampling Frame that divides all land into segments is built for every state except Alaska. A sample of segments is selected in each state except Alaska and Hawaii and enumerated in early June. Highly trained interviewers locate each sampled segment and identify every farm and ranch operating land in the segment and the number of acres in each operation. These data are used to compute summaries of farm numbers and acres of land in farms. Additionally, all farms found in the segments are checked against a list of farms and ranches maintained by NASS to determine if the farm is on the list. Operations found in the Area Frame sample that are not on the list provide a measure of incompleteness of the list. The summarized totals for these non-overlap (or not-on-list) operations are combined with summarized totals collected from a sample selected from the list to calculate additional indications of farms and land in farms. Estimation Procedures: Data are checked for reasonableness and consistency and summarized for each state. State estimates are aggregated to national totals for Headquarters review. Field Offices perform a thorough review of their survey results and historical data relationships and recommend official estimates. Headquarters establishes national estimates and ensures that state estimates are in balance with the national numbers. Revision Policy: Estimates are subject to revision the following year and following review of the five-year Census of Agriculture. The basis for revision must be supported by additional data which directly affect the level of the estimate. Reliability: Two types of errors, sampling and non-sampling, are possible in an estimate based on a sample survey. Both types can affect the quality of the estimates. Sampling error occurs because a complete census is not taken. The sampling error measures the variation in estimates from the average of all possible samples. An estimate of 100 with a sampling error of 1 would mean that chances are 19 out of 20 that the estimates from all possible samples averaged together would be between 98 and 102; which is the survey estimate, plus or minus two times the sampling error. The sampling error expressed as a percent of the estimate is called the relative sampling error. In 2018, the relative sampling error for the United States number of farms was 1.8 percent and land in farms was 3.1 percent. Relative sampling errors by economic sales class ranged from 2.3 to 8.2 percent for number of farms and 3.9 to 13.4 percent for land in farms at the United States level. Non-sampling errors can occur in complete censuses as well as sample surveys. They are caused by the inability to obtain correct information from each person surveyed, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, and mistakes in coding or processing the data. Special efforts are taken at each step of the survey to minimize non-sampling errors. Terms and Definitions A farm is "any place from which $1,000 or more of agricultural products were produced and sold, or normally would have been sold, during the year." Government payments are included in sales. Ranches, institutional farms, experimental and research farms, and Indian Reservations are included as farms. Places with the entire acreage enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP), and other government conservation programs are counted as farms. The definition of a farm was first established in 1850 and has changed nine times since. The current definition was first used for the 1974 Census. Land in farms consists of agricultural land used for crops, pasture, or grazing. Also included is woodland and wasteland not actually under cultivation or used for pasture or grazing, provided it was part of the farm operator's total operation. Land in farms includes acres in CRP, WRP, and other government conservation programs. Land in farms includes land owned and operated as well as land rented from others. Land used rent-free is included as land rented from others. All grazing land, except land used under government permits on a per-head basis, is included as land in farms provided it was part of a farm or ranch. Land under the exclusive use of a grazing association is reported by the grazing association and included as land in farms. All land in American Indian reservations used for growing crops or grazing livestock is included as land in farms. Land in reservations not reported by individual American Indians or non-Native Americans is reported in the name of the cooperative group that used the land. In many instances, the entire American Indian reservation is reported as one farm. Economic sales classes are based on the gross value of agricultural products sold. Government program payments are also included. Point Farms are places that did not have $1,000 of reported sales for the year, but had sufficient crops and livestock to normally have sales of $1,000 or more. Farm Definition History The definition of a farm has remained the same since 1974. Activities included as agriculture, however, have undergone modification in recent years. Beginning in 1995, operations having 5 or more horses or ponies and no other agricultural sales were counted as horse farms. An operation with 1 or more horses with agricultural sales of at least $1,000, qualified as a farm. Two industries, maple syrup and short rotation woody crop farms, were added beginning in 1997 as a result of the new North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). These changes were made to achieve comparability with the Census of Agriculture farm definition. All the changes in the farm definition beginning in 1995 were carried back to 1993 and included in the 1993-1998 estimates. These changes bring comparability between the Census of Agriculture data and the annually published NASS estimates. Because of these changes in the farm definition, the official estimates show a level difference in the number of farms between 1992 and 1993 in some states. To further align the counting of farms with the Census of Agriculture, places with 100 acres or more of pasture only in 2002 were included in farm and land in farm numbers. The handling of Indian reservation land was changed in 2002 to provide some accounting for individual farms. Minimum Criteria for "FARM" Definition, 1840 - Present and Enumeration of Apiaries and Fur Farms Year Acres in Value of Value of Sales Required Apiaries Place Agricultural of some and Fur Farms Products Agricultural Agricultural Enumerated (Produced) Products Operations 1974 - Present - - - - $1,000 or more - - - - 1959 Less than 10 - - $250 or more - - - - 10 or more - - $50 or more - - - - 1954 Less than 3 - - $150 or more - - - - 3 or more $150 or more - - - - - - 1950 Less than 3 - - $150 or more - - Apiaries 3 or more $150 or more - - - - Fur Farms 1935 - 1945 Less than 3 $250 or more - - - - Apiaries 3 or more - - - - X Fur Farms 1930 Less than 3 $250 or more - - - - Apiaries 3 or more - - - - X - - 1925 Less than 3 $250 or more - - - - - - 3 or more - - - - X - - 1910 - 1925 Less than 3 $250 or more - - - - Apiaries 3 or more - - - - X - - 1900 Less than 3 - - - - X Apiaries 3 or more - - - - - - - - 1870 - 1890 Less than 3 - - $500 or more - - Apiaries 3 or more - - - - X - - 1860 - - - - - - - - - - 1850 - - $100 or more - - - - Apiaries 1840 - - - - - - - - - - Historic Estimates: Final estimates of Farms and Land in Farms in earlier years are available in Statistical Bulletins No. 1049 for 2013-2017, No. 1030 for 2008-2012, No. 1018 for 2003-2007, No. 991 for 1998-2002, No. 955 for 1993-97, No. 895 for 1988-92, No. 792 for 1979-87, SpSy3 for 1975-80, No. 594 for 1969-75, No. 507 for 1959-70, No. 316 for number of farm estimates for 1910-59 and land in farms estimates for 1950-59. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov. Jody McDaniel, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch...... (202) 720-6146 Bruce Boess, Head, Economics Section......................................... (202) 720-4447 Stephanie Brennan - Farm Computer Use, Farm Expenditures.................. (202) 690-0392 Kuan Chen - Prices, Prices Indexes, Parity Prices......................... (202) 690-3347 Ryan Cowen - Cash Rents, Farms, Land in Farms, Land Values, Grazing Fees.. (202) 720-2250 Doug Farmer - Chemical Use................................................ (202) 690-3229 Stephen Habets - Prices, Prices Indexes, Parity Prices.................... (202) 720-9168 Michael Mathison - Farm Production Expenditures........................... (202) 720-3243 Theresa Varner - Farm Labor............................................... (202) 690-3231 Scott Shimmin, Head, Environmental and Demographics Section.................. (202) 720-0684 Andrew Broiser - Census of Agriculture, Organics.......................... (202) 690-3226 William Cumberland - Census of Agriculture, Farm and Ranch Irrigation..... (202) 690-1348 Fred Granja - Census of Agriculture, Census of Horticulture............... (202) 690-3233 Joe Hagedorn - Census of Agriculture, American Indian Reservations........ (202) 690-2284 Ginger Harris - Census of Agriculture..................................... (502) 907-3211 Miste Salmon - Census of Agriculture, Census of Aquaculture............... (202) 720-7644 Shirley Samson - Census of Agriculture.................................... (202) 690-4752 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" or "State" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Cornell's Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS's and other agency's archived reports. The new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from the new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via e-mail, you will have to go to the new website, create a new account and re-subscribe to the reports. 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(Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax (202) 690-7442 or email at program.intake@usda.gov.