Mt An 2-2 (5-01) Cattle Predator Loss National Agricultural Statistics Service USDA Washington, D.C. Released May 4, 2001, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture. For information on "Cattle Predator Loss" call Steve Anderson at 202-720-3040, office hours 7:00 a.m. to 4:00 p. m. ET. U.S. Cattle and Calves Predator Loss Cattle and calf losses from animal predators in the United States totaled 147,000 head during 2000. This estimate excludes Alaska. This resulted in a loss to farmers and ranchers of $51.6 million due to predators. Coyotes caused the majority of cattle and calf losses to predators. They accounted for 64.6 percent of the total head lost. Dogs were the second leading cause of predator losses, accounting for 17.7 percent. Use of non-lethal predator controls is also highlighted in this publication. Farmers and ranchers throughout the United States spent $184.9 million on non-lethal methods to prevent predator loss of cattle and calves. This report is released as a cooperative effort between the National Agricultural Statistics Service and Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service - Wildlife Services. Losses of Cattle and Calves: Number of Head and Total Value, United States, 2000 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number : % of Total : Total Predator : of Head : Predators : Value -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number Percent 1,000 Dollars : Coyotes : 95,000 64.6 31,754 Dogs : 26,000 17.7 9,547 Mountain Lions : & Bobcats 2/ : 11,000 7.5 4,334 Bears : 2,800 1.9 1,804 Wolves : 1,600 1.1 1,030 All Other Animals : 10,600 7.2 3,168 : US : 147,000 100.0 51,637 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Totals may not add due to rounding. Cattle includes all cows, bulls, steers, and heifers weighing over 500 pounds. This includes beef and milk breeds as well as cattle on feed. Calves include beef and milk breed steers, heifers, and bulls weighing less than 500 pounds. 2/ Includes cougars, pumas, and lynx. Losses of Cattle and Calves by Predators, Total by State and United States, 2000 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Cattle : Percent of U.S. : Calves : Percent of U.S. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Head Percent Head Percent : AL : 800 3.8 3,700 2.9 AZ : 500 2.4 3,200 2.5 AR : 500 2.4 2,800 2.2 CA : 2,400 11.4 12,500 9.9 CO : 500 2.4 3,000 2.4 CT : DE : FL : 600 2.9 2,500 2.0 GA : 500 2.4 5,400 4.3 HI : 1,500 7.1 700 0.6 ID : 300 1.4 2,300 1.8 IL : 800 3.8 2,100 1.7 IN : 200 1.0 1,300 1.0 IA : 100 0.5 1,100 0.9 KS : 300 1.4 3,700 2.9 KY : 800 3.8 2,200 1.7 LA : 300 1.4 1,500 1.2 ME : MD : MA : MI : 300 0.2 MN : 100 0.5 1,100 0.9 MS : 200 1.0 3,800 3.0 MO : 1,000 4.8 3,100 2.5 MT : 600 2.9 3,200 2.5 NE : 2,200 1.7 NV : 300 1.4 1,500 1.2 NH : NJ : NM : 700 3.3 5,000 4.0 NY : 100 0.5 1,200 1.0 NC : 500 2.4 2,100 1.7 ND : 200 1.0 1,300 1.0 OH : 600 0.5 OK : 700 3.3 6,800 5.4 OR : 300 1.4 4,100 3.3 PA : RI : SC : 200 1.0 900 0.7 SD : 400 1.9 2,600 2.1 TN : 400 1.9 4,100 3.3 TX : 2,800 13.3 22,000 17.5 UT : 400 1.9 2,100 1.7 VT : VA : 600 2.9 2,300 1.8 WA : 600 2.9 1,600 1.3 WV : 900 0.7 WI : 200 1.0 1,200 1.0 WY : 300 1.4 3,600 2.9 : Unpub : 300 1.4 400 0.3 : US : 21,000 100.0 126,000 100.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Missing data are less than 100 head for the State or not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations. This data is included in Unpublished States and in United States. Totals may not add due to rounding. Losses of Cattle and Calves by Coyotes and Dogs, by State and United States, 2000 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Coyotes : Dogs :----------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : % of : : % of : : % of : : % of : Cattle : Total : Calves : Total : Cattle : Total : Calves : Total : : Pred. : : Pred. : : Pred. : : Pred. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Head Percent Head Percent Head Percent Head Percent : AL : 500 62.5 2,500 67.6 100 12.5 1,100 29.7 AZ : 1,600 50.0 200 40.0 300 9.4 AR : 200 40.0 1,600 57.1 200 40.0 500 17.9 CA : 900 37.5 8,100 64.8 400 16.7 1,500 12.0 CO : 200 40.0 2,600 86.7 100 3.3 CT : DE : FL : 100 16.7 1,300 52.0 200 33.3 900 36.0 GA : 200 40.0 3,500 64.8 200 40.0 1,700 31.5 HI : 100 6.7 100 14.3 ID : 100 33.3 1,600 69.6 100 4.3 IL : 100 12.5 1,100 52.4 400 50.0 900 42.9 IN : 100 50.0 1,000 76.9 100 50.0 200 15.4 IA : 900 81.8 200 18.2 KS : 200 66.7 2,900 78.4 500 13.5 KY : 500 62.5 1,400 63.6 200 25.0 600 27.3 LA : 200 66.7 1,100 73.3 300 20.0 ME : MD : MA : MI : 200 66.7 MN : 400 36.4 100 9.1 MS : 2,700 71.1 100 50.0 1,100 28.9 MO : 2,100 67.7 800 80.0 900 29.0 MT : 200 33.3 2,300 71.9 100 3.1 NE : 2,100 95.5 NV : 200 66.7 1,400 93.3 NH : NJ : NM : 200 28.6 4,000 80.0 100 14.3 200 4.0 NY : 900 75.0 NC : 200 40.0 500 23.8 300 60.0 800 38.1 ND : 200 100.0 1,300 100.0 OH : 500 83.3 OK : 200 28.6 3,800 55.9 400 57.1 2,200 32.4 OR : 100 33.3 3,200 78.0 200 4.9 PA : RI : SC : 100 50.0 300 33.3 600 66.7 SD : 400 100.0 2,500 96.2 TN : 300 75.0 2,900 70.7 1,200 29.3 TX : 1,800 64.3 17,000 77.3 300 10.7 3,100 14.1 UT : 200 50.0 1,800 85.7 VT : VA : 100 16.7 1,000 43.5 400 66.7 1,100 47.8 WA : 700 43.8 100 16.7 200 12.5 WV : 700 77.8 WI : 100 50.0 400 33.3 100 50.0 WY : 100 33.3 2,800 77.8 : Unpub : 300 300 300 200 : US : 8,000 38.1 87,000 69.0 5,000 23.8 21,000 16.7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Missing data are less than 100 head for the State or not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations. This data is included in Unpublished States and in United States. Totals may not add due to rounding. Losses of Cattle and Calves by Mountain Lions and Bobcats by Selected States and United States, 2000 1/ 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Mountain Lions and Bobcats :----------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : Percent of : : Percent of : Cattle : Total : Calves : Total : : Predators : : Predators -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Head Percent Head Percent : AZ : 200 40.0 1,100 34.4 AR : 100 3.6 CA : 900 37.5 2,400 19.2 CO : 200 40.0 100 3.3 ID : 100 33.3 300 13.0 KS : 200 5.4 MO : 100 10.0 MT : 100 3.1 NV : 100 33.3 NM : 300 42.9 700 14.0 NC : 100 4.8 OK : 100 14.3 300 4.4 OR : 100 33.3 500 12.2 TX : 100 3.6 300 1.4 UT : 100 25.0 200 9.5 VA : 100 4.3 WA : 500 83.3 500 31.3 WV : 100 11.1 WY : 100 33.3 300 8.3 : Unpub 3/: 100 600 : US : 3,000 14.3 8,000 6.3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Missing data are less than 100 head for the State or not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations. This data is included in Unpublished States and in United States. Totals may not add due to rounding. 2/ Includes cougars, pumas, and lynx. 3/ Unpublished States may not be included in table. Losses of Cattle and Calves by Other Predators by State and United States, 2000 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All Other Predators :----------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : Percent of : : Percent of : Cattle : Total : Calves : Total : : Predators : : Predators -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Head Percent Head Percent : AL : 200 25.0 100 2.7 AZ : 200 6.3 AR : 100 20.0 600 21.4 CA : 200 8.3 500 4.0 CO : 100 20.0 200 6.7 CT : DE : FL : 300 50.0 300 12.0 GA : 100 20.0 200 3.7 HI : 1,400 93.3 600 85.7 ID : 100 33.3 300 13.0 IL : 300 37.5 100 4.8 IN : 100 7.7 IA : KS : 100 2.7 KY : 100 12.5 200 9.1 LA : 100 33.3 100 6.7 ME : MD : MA : MI : 100 33.3 MN : 600 54.5 MS : MO : 100 10.0 MT : 300 50.0 700 21.9 NE : NV : NH : NJ : NM : 100 14.3 100 2.0 NY : NC : 700 33.3 ND : OH : OK : 500 7.4 OR : 100 33.3 200 4.9 PA : RI : SC : SD : TN : TX : 600 21.4 1,600 7.3 UT : 100 25.0 VT : VA : 100 16.7 100 4.3 WA : 200 12.5 WV : 100 11.1 WI : 600 50.0 WY : 100 33.3 500 13.9 : Unpub : 500 400 : US : 5,000 23.8 10,000 7.9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Missing data are less than 100 head for the State or not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations. This data is included in Unpublished States and in United States. Totals may not add due to rounding. Losses of Cattle and Calves from Predators: Total Value per Head and Total Value, by State and United States, 2000 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Value per Head : Total Value :----------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Cattle 2/ : Calves 3/ : Cattle : Calves -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- Dollars ------- ----- 1,000 Dollars ---- : AL : 613.00 306.00 490 1,132 AZ : 577.00 306.00 289 979 AR : 621.00 288.00 311 806 CA : 649.00 279.00 1,558 3,488 CO : 752.00 315.00 376 945 CT : DE : FL : 586.00 303.00 352 758 GA : 576.00 294.60 288 1,591 HI : 401.00 183.00 602 128 ID : 706.00 274.80 212 632 IL : 697.00 345.00 558 725 IN : 704.00 285.00 141 371 IA : 783.00 306.00 78 337 KS : 732.00 321.00 220 1,188 KY : 648.00 288.30 518 634 LA : 590.00 295.50 177 443 ME : MD : MA : MI : 306.00 92 MN : 720.00 284.40 72 313 MS : 613.00 282.60 123 1,074 MO : 685.00 306.00 685 949 MT : 795.00 309.00 477 989 NE : 318.00 700 NV : 720.00 336.00 216 504 NH : NJ : NM : 629.00 303.00 440 1,515 NY : 714.00 312.00 71 374 NC : 613.00 288.60 307 606 ND : 809.00 295.80 162 385 OH : 284.10 170 OK : 665.00 306.00 466 2,081 OR : 668.00 279.00 200 1,144 PA : RI : SC : 613.00 303.00 123 273 SD : 817.00 324.00 327 842 TN : 620.00 284.40 248 1,166 TX : 623.00 321.00 1,744 7,062 UT : 720.00 296.70 288 623 VT : VA : 629.00 300.00 377 690 WA : 720.00 290.40 432 465 WV : 262.50 236 WI : 701.00 381.00 140 457 WY : 779.00 321.00 234 1,156 : Unpub : 740.00 225.00 222 90 : US 4/ : 644.00 302.00 13,524 38,113 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Missing data are less than 100 head for the State or not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations. This data is included in Unpublished States and in United States. 2/ Cattle value per head is based on a two-year straight average of the value of beef cows reported in the January 1 Cattle survey from 2000 and 2001. 3/ Calf value per head is based on the market year average calf price. An average weight of 300 pounds was used in all States. 4/ U.S. value per head rounded to the nearest dollar. U.S. and unpublished value per head are derived. Totals may not add due to rounding. Non-Lethal Methods Used to Prevent Losses of Cattle and Calves to Predators, by State and United States, 2000 1/ 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Guard : Exclusion : : Night State : Animals : Fencing : Herding : Penning -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent : AL : 40.3 32.8 6.0 4.5 AZ : 28.6 28.6 AR : 55.3 21.1 CA : 19.6 48.0 10.8 13.7 CO : 25.0 17.9 7.1 14.3 CT : 33.3 33.3 16.7 DE : 20.0 50.0 20.0 FL : 24.4 16.7 1.3 2.6 GA : 21.7 19.6 HI : 14.3 57.1 7.1 ID : 22.2 44.4 8.9 4.4 IL : 20.0 57.1 2.9 11.4 IN : 35.1 32.4 21.9 14.3 IA : 13.0 40.7 11.1 KS : 19.6 8.9 5.4 7.1 KY : 38.5 26.9 1.9 3.8 LA : 24.0 57.3 20.0 20.0 ME : 26.7 60.0 6.7 20.0 MD : 50.0 MA : 24.1 55.2 10.3 27.6 MI : 18.2 68.2 4.5 13.6 MN : 39.4 40.9 1.5 12.1 MS : 40.0 14.0 2.0 MO : 50.0 21.4 3.6 7.1 MT : 22.4 11.9 14.9 16.4 NE : 20.7 12.1 5.2 20.7 NV : 16.7 66.7 16.7 NH : 30.8 38.5 23.1 NJ : 13.3 26.7 6.7 33.3 NM : 26.7 40.0 6.7 NY : 17.4 21.7 17.4 17.4 NC : 7.1 42.9 7.1 ND : 47.6 23.8 9.5 OH : 46.4 35.7 3.6 14.3 OK : 54.1 8.1 5.4 OR : 19.7 45.1 12.7 18.3 PA : 23.5 41.2 5.9 29.4 RI : 20.0 60.0 40.0 SC : 75.0 8.3 SD : 25.0 7.1 3.6 10.7 TN : 50.0 19.6 8.9 1.8 TX : 39.8 30.5 6.3 8.6 UT : 20.0 30.0 30.0 VT : 10.0 50.0 30.0 VA : 22.0 29.3 2.4 4.9 WA : 26.1 34.8 8.7 WV : 26.7 33.3 6.7 6.7 WI : 9.6 7.7 1.3 5.1 WY : 35.4 20.8 12.5 18.8 : US : 27.7 29.9 7.4 10.8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Missing data are not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 2/ Use of multiple non-lethal methods may result in percentages summing to greater than 100. Non-Lethal Methods Used to Prevent Losses of Cattle and Calves to Predators, by State and United States, 2000 1/ 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Fright : Livestock : Other State : Tactics : Carcass Removal : Non-lethal -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent : AL : 4.5 35.8 16.4 AZ : 14.3 28.6 AR : 2.6 10.5 26.3 CA : 7.8 46.1 11.8 CO : 17.9 64.3 5.4 CT : 16.7 DE : FL : 6.4 56.4 10.3 GA : 6.5 47.8 21.7 HI : 7.1 14.3 35.7 ID : 4.4 42.2 8.9 IL : 11.4 20.0 14.3 IN : 6.8 41.6 6.8 IA : 42.6 11.1 KS : 12.5 51.8 17.9 KY : 25.0 11.5 LA : 1.3 49.3 2.7 ME : 6.7 6.7 6.7 MD : 80.0 80.0 50.0 MA : 13.8 24.1 20.7 MI : 9.1 18.2 4.5 MN : 6.1 27.3 3.0 MS : 10.0 36.0 10.0 MO : 14.3 21.4 10.7 MT : 10.4 37.3 7.5 NE : 6.9 44.8 13.8 NV : 16.7 33.3 NH : 7.7 30.8 NJ : 20.0 6.7 26.7 NM : 20.0 13.3 NY : 8.7 60.9 8.7 NC : 50.0 7.1 ND : 14.3 19.0 4.8 OH : 3.6 3.6 OK : 8.1 27.0 10.8 OR : 9.9 40.8 11.3 PA : 29.4 5.9 RI : SC : 8.3 8.3 SD : 10.7 57.1 7.1 TN : 7.1 41.1 8.9 TX : 3.1 21.9 18.8 UT : 30.0 20.0 10.0 VT : 10.0 20.0 VA : 12.2 34.1 12.2 WA : 17.4 17.4 WV : 6.7 13.3 13.3 WI : 2.6 85.9 6.4 WY : 10.4 29.2 14.6 : US : 6.8 40.4 11.3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Missing data are not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 2/ Use of multiple non-lethal methods may result in percentages summing to greater than 100. Reliability of Cattle and Calves Predator Loss Estimates Survey Procedures: A random sample of U.S. producers was surveyed to provide data for these estimates. Survey procedures ensured that all cattle producers, regardless of size, had a chance to be included in the survey. Large producers were sampled mo re heavily than small operations. About 50,000 operators were contacted during the first half of January by mail, telephone and face-to-face personal interview. Estimation Procedures: These estimates of death loss by cause were prepared by the Livestock Branch, NASS, and reviewed by the 49 States involved. Total cattle and calf death losses from all causes were published in the 2001 "Meat Animals-Production, D isposition, and Income" (released April 27, 2001). To estimate death loss by cause, cattle and calf losses from total predators were first determined. Next, the total predator losses was calculated. All published loss estimates were rounded to the nearest 100 head. Value estimates were rounded to the nearest $1,000. State es timates of less than 100 head are not published, but are included in U.S. totals. States were combined into regions when sampling variability did not permit individual state data to be released. Revision Policy: Revisions to previous estimates are made to improve the current estimate. Previous year estimates are subject to revision when current estimates are made. Estimates for losses from all causes are subject to revision in next year's "Meat Animals-Production, Disposition, and Income". No revision to predator losses is planned. Reliability: Since all cattle operators are not included in the sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplications, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these non-sampling errors cannot be measured directly. 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