Small Grains 2012 Summary September 2012 ISSN: 1949-162X United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service All wheat production totaled 2.27 billion bushels in 2012, up 13 percent from 2011. Grain area totaled 49.0 million acres, up 7 percent from the previous year. The United States yield is 46.3 bushels per acre, up 2.6 bushels from the previous year and matches the record high from 2010. The levels of production and changes from 2011 by type are winter wheat, 1.65 billion bushels, up 10 percent; other spring wheat, 542 million bushels, up 19 percent, and Durum wheat, 82.0 million bushels, up 62 percent. Oat production is estimated at 64.0 million bushels, up 19 percent from 2011. Yield is estimated at 61.3 bushels per acre, up 4.2 bushels from the previous year. Harvested area, at 1.05 million acres, is 11 percent above last year. This is the second smallest acreage harvested for grain on record. Barley production is estimated at 220 million bushels, up 41 percent from 2011. Average yield per acre, at 67.9 bushels, is down 1.7 bushels from the previous year. Producers seeded 3.64 million acres in 2012, up 42 percent from last year. Harvested area, at 3.24 million acres, is up 45 percent from 2011. These represent the first increases in seeded and harvested area since 2008. This report was approved on September 28, 2012. Acting Secretary of Agriculture Kathleen A. Merrigan Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Hubert Hamer Contents Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2010-2012................. 6 Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2010-2012.............. 8 All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2010-2012........... 10 Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2010-2012........ 12 Other Spring Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2010-2012.. 14 Durum Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2010-2012......... 15 Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2010-2012........................................................ 15 Winter Wheat Production Distribution by Class - States: 2011 and 2012....................................... 16 Other Spring Wheat (excluding Durum) Production Distribution by Class - States: 2011 and 2012............... 17 Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot - Selected States: 2008-2012............................................. 18 Rye Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2010-2012................. 19 Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2011-2012............................................................................ 20 Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2011-2012............................................................................ 20 Crop Comments............................................................................................... 21 Statistical Methodology..................................................................................... 23 Information Contacts........................................................................................ 24 This page intentionally left blank. Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2010-2012 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama .......: 35 45 60 10 15 15 Arkansas ......: 10 15 12 7 10 7 California ....: 220 200 230 25 15 25 Colorado ......: 55 45 55 9 10 6 Georgia .......: 50 60 60 15 25 20 Idaho .........: 70 70 70 20 15 15 Illinois ......: 45 30 30 30 20 20 Indiana .......: 20 15 15 8 7 5 Iowa ..........: 180 120 130 70 50 58 Kansas ........: 65 60 105 25 25 30 : Maine .........: 31 28 29 30 26 28 Michigan ......: 75 40 50 60 30 35 Minnesota .....: 260 180 190 165 110 135 Missouri ......: 20 15 20 8 8 8 Montana .......: 65 45 45 27 20 18 Nebraska ......: 90 60 75 25 20 18 New York ......: 80 55 70 58 34 50 North Carolina : 40 45 40 15 20 13 North Dakota ..: 280 170 200 105 85 110 Ohio ..........: 65 50 70 50 38 46 : Oklahoma ......: 45 35 75 9 5 10 Oregon ........: 45 35 35 22 12 19 Pennsylvania ..: 110 90 100 80 60 65 South Carolina : 26 22 28 13 13 15 South Dakota ..: 190 120 160 105 70 50 Texas .........: 550 550 500 80 60 75 Utah ..........: 40 35 30 4 4 3 Virginia ......: 12 11 11 4 3 4 Washington ....: 20 10 15 5 3 6 Wisconsin .....: 310 210 220 170 115 130 Wyoming .......: 34 30 30 9 11 6 : United States .: 3,138 2,496 2,760 1,263 939 1,045 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2010-2012 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels --------- -------- 1,000 bushels ------- : Alabama .......: 45.0 60.0 55.0 450 900 825 Arkansas ......: 80.0 90.0 80.0 560 900 560 California ....: 95.0 100.0 90.0 2,375 1,500 2,250 Colorado ......: 65.0 70.0 70.0 585 700 420 Georgia .......: 54.0 62.0 53.0 810 1,550 1,060 Idaho .........: 84.0 70.0 65.0 1,680 1,050 975 Illinois ......: 65.0 68.0 76.0 1,950 1,360 1,520 Indiana .......: 66.0 61.0 70.0 528 427 350 Iowa ..........: 62.0 65.0 65.0 4,340 3,250 3,770 Kansas ........: 50.0 38.0 33.0 1,250 950 990 : Maine .........: 65.0 45.0 65.0 1,950 1,170 1,820 Michigan ......: 68.0 64.0 60.0 4,080 1,920 2,100 Minnesota .....: 69.0 54.0 62.0 11,385 5,940 8,370 Missouri ......: 45.0 49.0 52.0 360 392 416 Montana .......: 61.0 50.0 45.0 1,647 1,000 810 Nebraska ......: 68.0 65.0 57.0 1,700 1,300 1,026 New York ......: 67.0 50.0 65.0 3,886 1,700 3,250 North Carolina : 60.0 80.0 75.0 900 1,600 975 North Dakota ..: 61.0 52.0 62.0 6,405 4,420 6,820 Ohio ..........: 70.0 54.0 56.0 3,500 2,052 2,576 : Oklahoma ......: 33.0 40.0 45.0 297 200 450 Oregon ........: 100.0 100.0 95.0 2,200 1,200 1,805 Pennsylvania ..: 59.0 46.0 61.0 4,720 2,760 3,965 South Carolina : 47.0 60.0 54.0 611 780 810 South Dakota ..: 72.0 59.0 68.0 7,560 4,130 3,400 Texas .........: 52.0 35.0 49.0 4,160 2,100 3,675 Utah ..........: 74.0 81.0 76.0 296 324 228 Virginia ......: 44.0 65.0 75.0 176 195 300 Washington ....: 84.0 59.0 82.0 420 177 492 Wisconsin .....: 58.0 62.0 60.0 9,860 7,130 7,800 Wyoming .......: 61.0 52.0 36.0 549 572 216 : United States .: 64.3 57.1 61.3 81,190 53,649 64,024 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2010-2012 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Arizona .......: 45 65 48 44 64 47 California ....: 110 100 120 75 75 80 Colorado ......: 64 66 58 63 63 55 Delaware ......: 20 35 38 18 32 34 Idaho .........: 490 520 610 470 500 590 Kansas ........: 10 9 10 7 6 7 Maine .........: 16 16 17 15 14 16 Maryland ......: 45 50 60 34 36 40 Michigan ......: 11 10 11 10 8 9 Minnesota .....: 85 70 115 70 60 100 : Montana .......: 760 700 900 620 620 790 New York ......: 12 10 10 10 9 8 North Carolina : 20 22 23 15 14 17 North Dakota ..: 720 400 1,060 670 350 1,010 Oregon ........: 45 38 56 40 32 53 Pennsylvania ..: 60 65 65 45 55 53 South Dakota ..: 35 25 34 11 16 22 Utah ..........: 39 35 44 27 22 26 Virginia ......: 75 90 65 48 70 37 Washington ....: 90 125 185 81 115 175 Wisconsin .....: 45 33 33 30 15 15 Wyoming .......: 75 75 75 62 63 60 : United States .: 2,872 2,559 3,637 2,465 2,239 3,244 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2010-2012 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- -------- 1,000 bushels -------- : Arizona .......: 125.0 125.0 105.0 5,500 8,000 4,935 California ....: 58.0 63.0 55.0 4,350 4,725 4,400 Colorado ......: 133.0 126.0 123.0 8,379 7,938 6,765 Delaware ......: 64.0 88.0 84.0 1,152 2,816 2,856 Idaho .........: 92.0 93.0 91.0 43,240 46,500 53,690 Kansas ........: 43.0 29.0 59.0 301 174 413 Maine .........: 60.0 35.0 60.0 900 490 960 Maryland ......: 68.0 80.0 82.0 2,312 2,880 3,280 Michigan ......: 54.0 48.0 48.0 540 384 432 Minnesota .....: 62.0 51.0 57.0 4,340 3,060 5,700 : Montana .......: 62.0 50.0 53.0 38,440 31,000 41,870 New York ......: 55.0 46.0 47.0 550 414 376 North Carolina : 63.0 81.0 63.0 945 1,134 1,071 North Dakota ..: 65.0 47.0 61.0 43,550 16,450 61,610 Oregon ........: 74.0 75.0 72.0 2,960 2,400 3,816 Pennsylvania ..: 75.0 65.0 68.0 3,375 3,575 3,604 South Dakota ..: 40.0 33.0 36.0 440 528 792 Utah ..........: 90.0 83.0 80.0 2,430 1,826 2,080 Virginia ......: 67.0 88.0 82.0 3,216 6,160 3,034 Washington ....: 72.0 74.0 72.0 5,832 8,510 12,600 Wisconsin .....: 48.0 47.0 44.0 1,440 705 660 Wyoming .......: 98.0 97.0 89.0 6,076 6,111 5,340 : United States .: 73.1 69.6 67.9 180,268 155,780 220,284 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2010-2012 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama .......: 150 220 220 115 195 190 Arizona .......: 89 87 115 85 85 112 Arkansas ......: 200 620 550 150 520 450 California ....: 765 790 750 455 535 445 Colorado ......: 2,478 2,345 2,363 2,377 2,044 2,182 Delaware ......: 50 80 85 45 75 80 Florida .......: 12 12 20 7 8 15 Georgia .......: 170 250 290 122 200 230 Idaho .........: 1,400 1,471 1,313 1,345 1,401 1,253 Illinois ......: 330 800 660 295 765 645 : Indiana .......: 250 430 350 230 400 300 Iowa ..........: 15 22 18 10 16 13 Kansas ........: 8,400 8,800 9,500 8,000 7,900 9,100 Kentucky ......: 390 540 580 250 440 470 Louisiana .....: 125 240 285 110 235 275 Maryland ......: 180 260 310 135 190 210 Michigan ......: 530 700 570 510 680 540 Minnesota .....: 1,665 1,580 1,390 1,610 1,526 1,347 Mississippi ...: 125 360 370 100 335 345 Missouri ......: 370 790 790 280 680 690 : Montana .......: 5,440 5,100 5,770 5,210 4,975 5,585 Nebraska ......: 1,600 1,520 1,380 1,490 1,450 1,300 Nevada ........: 23 23 26 12 12 13 New Jersey ....: 28 35 33 23 31 27 New Mexico ....: 470 435 450 290 95 90 New York ......: 110 120 100 100 93 85 North Carolina : 500 700 830 380 610 750 North Dakota ..: 8,530 6,800 7,840 8,400 6,590 7,760 Ohio ..........: 780 880 500 750 850 450 Oklahoma ......: 5,300 5,100 5,400 3,900 3,200 4,300 : Oregon ........: 960 990 885 947 982 878 Pennsylvania ..: 165 185 165 150 170 145 South Carolina : 145 190 235 130 180 220 South Dakota ..: 2,815 2,908 2,405 2,725 2,817 2,235 Tennessee .....: 260 420 420 180 310 340 Texas .........: 5,700 5,300 5,700 3,750 1,900 3,000 Utah ..........: 151 151 155 131 144 137 Virginia ......: 180 270 280 155 250 240 Washington ....: 2,330 2,380 2,210 2,285 2,345 2,175 West Virginia .: 7 10 8 5 6 4 Wisconsin .....: 240 345 265 230 335 245 Wyoming .......: 165 150 150 145 130 120 : United States .: 53,593 54,409 55,736 47,619 45,705 48,991 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2010-2012 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels --------- --------- 1,000 bushels --------- : Alabama .......: 55.0 73.0 59.0 6,325 14,235 11,210 Arizona .......: 112.2 98.8 93.9 9,535 8,399 10,520 Arkansas ......: 54.0 58.0 55.0 8,100 30,160 24,750 California ....: 86.3 90.2 91.1 39,250 48,235 40,525 Colorado ......: 45.5 40.0 34.3 108,234 81,828 74,848 Delaware ......: 58.0 69.0 74.0 2,610 5,175 5,920 Florida .......: 40.0 45.0 41.0 280 360 615 Georgia .......: 40.0 55.0 49.0 4,880 11,000 11,270 Idaho .........: 79.9 82.8 78.2 107,410 115,979 98,006 Illinois ......: 56.0 61.0 63.0 16,520 46,665 40,635 : Indiana .......: 60.0 62.0 67.0 13,800 24,800 20,100 Iowa ..........: 46.0 45.0 53.0 460 720 689 Kansas ........: 45.0 35.0 42.0 360,000 276,500 382,200 Kentucky ......: 66.0 70.0 62.0 16,500 30,800 29,140 Louisiana .....: 50.0 63.0 49.0 5,500 14,805 13,475 Maryland ......: 60.0 66.0 68.0 8,100 12,540 14,280 Michigan ......: 70.0 75.0 76.0 35,700 51,000 41,040 Minnesota .....: 54.7 46.2 56.9 88,070 70,456 76,705 Mississippi ...: 47.0 64.0 57.0 4,700 21,440 19,665 Missouri ......: 45.0 50.0 57.0 12,600 34,000 39,330 : Montana .......: 41.3 35.2 34.9 215,360 174,970 194,750 Nebraska ......: 43.0 45.0 41.0 64,070 65,250 53,300 Nevada ........: 105.8 108.8 75.9 1,270 1,305 987 New Jersey ....: 49.0 49.0 56.0 1,127 1,519 1,512 New Mexico ....: 28.0 22.0 24.0 8,120 2,090 2,160 New York ......: 67.0 56.0 63.0 6,700 5,208 5,355 North Carolina : 37.0 68.0 57.0 14,060 41,480 42,750 North Dakota ..: 43.0 30.3 43.7 361,550 199,858 339,210 Ohio ..........: 61.0 58.0 69.0 45,750 49,300 31,050 Oklahoma ......: 31.0 22.0 36.0 120,900 70,400 154,800 : Oregon ........: 67.1 75.9 65.6 63,586 74,515 57,576 Pennsylvania ..: 59.0 51.0 65.0 8,850 8,670 9,425 South Carolina : 36.0 60.0 53.0 4,680 10,800 11,660 South Dakota ..: 45.3 37.2 45.8 123,475 104,796 102,435 Tennessee .....: 53.0 69.0 63.0 9,540 21,390 21,420 Texas .........: 34.0 26.0 32.0 127,500 49,400 96,000 Utah ..........: 48.7 49.4 45.4 6,379 7,120 6,224 Virginia ......: 51.0 71.0 65.0 7,905 17,750 15,600 Washington ....: 64.7 71.6 67.3 147,890 167,880 146,345 West Virginia .: 54.0 59.0 65.0 270 354 260 Wisconsin .....: 64.0 65.0 75.0 14,720 21,775 18,375 Wyoming .......: 32.0 34.0 25.0 4,640 4,420 3,000 : United States .: 46.3 43.7 46.3 2,206,916 1,999,347 2,269,117 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2010-2012 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama .......: 150 220 220 115 195 190 Arizona .......: 9 7 10 6 6 8 Arkansas ......: 200 620 550 150 520 450 California ....: 660 670 610 360 420 310 Colorado ......: 2,450 2,300 2,350 2,350 2,000 2,170 Delaware ......: 50 80 85 45 75 80 Florida .......: 12 12 20 7 8 15 Georgia .......: 170 250 290 122 200 230 Idaho .........: 750 820 780 710 770 740 Illinois ......: 330 800 660 295 765 645 : Indiana .......: 250 430 350 230 400 300 Iowa ..........: 15 22 18 10 16 13 Kansas ........: 8,400 8,800 9,500 8,000 7,900 9,100 Kentucky ......: 390 540 580 250 440 470 Louisiana .....: 125 240 285 110 235 275 Maryland ......: 180 260 310 135 190 210 Michigan ......: 530 700 570 510 680 540 Minnesota .....: 65 30 40 60 26 37 Mississippi ...: 125 360 370 100 335 345 Missouri ......: 370 790 790 280 680 690 : Montana .......: 2,050 2,250 2,300 1,950 2,190 2,170 Nebraska ......: 1,600 1,520 1,380 1,490 1,450 1,300 Nevada ........: 19 15 20 10 9 11 New Jersey ....: 28 35 33 23 31 27 New Mexico ....: 470 435 450 290 95 90 New York ......: 110 120 100 100 93 85 North Carolina : 500 700 830 380 610 750 North Dakota ..: 330 400 750 320 375 730 Ohio ..........: 780 880 500 750 850 450 Oklahoma ......: 5,300 5,100 5,400 3,900 3,200 4,300 : Oregon ........: 820 830 790 810 825 785 Pennsylvania ..: 165 185 165 150 170 145 South Carolina : 145 190 235 130 180 220 South Dakota ..: 1,350 1,650 1,320 1,300 1,590 1,210 Tennessee .....: 260 420 420 180 310 340 Texas .........: 5,700 5,300 5,700 3,750 1,900 3,000 Utah ..........: 135 130 140 118 124 124 Virginia ......: 180 270 280 155 250 240 Washington ....: 1,750 1,760 1,700 1,710 1,730 1,670 West Virginia .: 7 10 8 5 6 4 Wisconsin .....: 240 345 265 230 335 245 Wyoming .......: 165 150 150 145 130 120 : United States .: 37,335 40,646 41,324 31,741 32,314 34,834 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Winter Wheat Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2010-2012 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels --------- --------- 1,000 bushels --------- : Alabama .......: 55.0 73.0 59.0 6,325 14,235 11,210 Arizona .......: 75.0 70.0 80.0 450 420 640 Arkansas ......: 54.0 58.0 55.0 8,100 30,160 24,750 California ....: 80.0 85.0 85.0 28,800 35,700 26,350 Colorado ......: 45.0 39.0 34.0 105,750 78,000 73,780 Delaware ......: 58.0 69.0 74.0 2,610 5,175 5,920 Florida .......: 40.0 45.0 41.0 280 360 615 Georgia .......: 40.0 55.0 49.0 4,880 11,000 11,270 Idaho .........: 82.0 82.0 80.0 58,220 63,140 59,200 Illinois ......: 56.0 61.0 63.0 16,520 46,665 40,635 : Indiana .......: 60.0 62.0 67.0 13,800 24,800 20,100 Iowa ..........: 46.0 45.0 53.0 460 720 689 Kansas ........: 45.0 35.0 42.0 360,000 276,500 382,200 Kentucky ......: 66.0 70.0 62.0 16,500 30,800 29,140 Louisiana .....: 50.0 63.0 49.0 5,500 14,805 13,475 Maryland ......: 60.0 66.0 68.0 8,100 12,540 14,280 Michigan ......: 70.0 75.0 76.0 35,700 51,000 41,040 Minnesota .....: 47.0 56.0 55.0 2,820 1,456 2,035 Mississippi ...: 47.0 64.0 57.0 4,700 21,440 19,665 Missouri ......: 45.0 50.0 57.0 12,600 34,000 39,330 : Montana .......: 48.0 41.0 39.0 93,600 89,790 84,630 Nebraska ......: 43.0 45.0 41.0 64,070 65,250 53,300 Nevada ........: 109.0 115.0 77.0 1,090 1,035 847 New Jersey ....: 49.0 49.0 56.0 1,127 1,519 1,512 New Mexico ....: 28.0 22.0 24.0 8,120 2,090 2,160 New York ......: 67.0 56.0 63.0 6,700 5,208 5,355 North Carolina : 37.0 68.0 57.0 14,060 41,480 42,750 North Dakota ..: 55.0 37.0 55.0 17,600 13,875 40,150 Ohio ..........: 61.0 58.0 69.0 45,750 49,300 31,050 Oklahoma ......: 31.0 22.0 36.0 120,900 70,400 154,800 : Oregon ........: 67.0 77.0 66.0 54,270 63,525 51,810 Pennsylvania ..: 59.0 51.0 65.0 8,850 8,670 9,425 South Carolina : 36.0 60.0 53.0 4,680 10,800 11,660 South Dakota ..: 49.0 42.0 50.0 63,700 66,780 60,500 Tennessee .....: 53.0 69.0 63.0 9,540 21,390 21,420 Texas .........: 34.0 26.0 32.0 127,500 49,400 96,000 Utah ..........: 48.0 50.0 46.0 5,664 6,200 5,704 Virginia ......: 51.0 71.0 65.0 7,905 17,750 15,600 Washington ....: 69.0 75.0 71.0 117,990 129,750 118,570 West Virginia .: 54.0 59.0 65.0 270 354 260 Wisconsin .....: 64.0 65.0 75.0 14,720 21,775 18,375 Wyoming .......: 32.0 34.0 25.0 4,640 4,420 3,000 : United States .: 46.8 46.2 47.2 1,484,861 1,493,677 1,645,202 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. Other Spring Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2010-2012 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Colorado .....: 28 45 13 27 44 12 Idaho ........: 630 640 520 615 620 500 Minnesota ....: 1,600 1,550 1,350 1,550 1,500 1,310 Montana ......: 2,850 2,450 2,950 2,730 2,400 2,900 Nevada .......: 4 8 6 2 3 2 North Dakota .: 6,400 5,650 5,750 6,300 5,500 5,700 Oregon .......: 140 160 95 137 157 93 South Dakota .: 1,450 1,250 1,080 1,410 1,220 1,020 Utah .........: 16 21 15 13 20 13 Washington ...: 580 620 510 575 615 505 : United States : 13,698 12,394 12,289 13,359 12,079 12,055 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels --------- -------- 1,000 bushels -------- : Colorado .....: 92.0 87.0 89.0 2,484 3,828 1,068 Idaho ........: 78.0 84.0 76.0 47,970 52,080 38,000 Minnesota ....: 55.0 46.0 57.0 85,250 69,000 74,670 Montana ......: 38.0 31.0 33.0 103,740 74,400 95,700 Nevada .......: 90.0 90.0 70.0 180 270 140 North Dakota .: 44.0 30.5 45.0 277,200 167,750 256,500 Oregon .......: 68.0 70.0 62.0 9,316 10,990 5,766 South Dakota .: 42.0 31.0 41.0 59,220 37,820 41,820 Utah .........: 55.0 46.0 40.0 715 920 520 Washington ...: 52.0 62.0 55.0 29,900 38,130 27,775 : United States : 46.1 37.7 45.0 615,975 455,188 541,959 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Durum Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2010-2012 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Arizona ......: 80 80 105 79 79 104 California ...: 105 120 140 95 115 135 Idaho ........: 20 11 13 20 11 13 Montana ......: 540 400 520 530 385 515 North Dakota .: 1,800 750 1,340 1,780 715 1,330 South Dakota .: 15 8 5 15 7 5 : United States : 2,560 1,369 2,123 2,519 1,312 2,102 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- -------- 1,000 bushels ------- : Arizona ......: 115.0 101.0 95.0 9,085 7,979 9,880 California ...: 110.0 109.0 105.0 10,450 12,535 14,175 Idaho ........: 61.0 69.0 62.0 1,220 759 806 Montana ......: 34.0 28.0 28.0 18,020 10,780 14,420 North Dakota .: 37.5 25.5 32.0 66,750 18,233 42,560 South Dakota .: 37.0 28.0 23.0 555 196 115 : United States : 42.1 38.5 39.0 106,080 50,482 81,956 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2010-2012 [Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Crop : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 bushels : Winter : Hard red ......: 1,018,337 780,089 1,003,856 Soft red ......: 237,429 457,535 419,801 Hard white ....: 13,496 12,368 13,250 Soft white ....: 215,599 243,685 208,295 : Spring : Hard red ......: 569,975 397,689 504,520 Hard white ....: 9,256 11,878 8,465 Soft white ....: 36,744 45,621 28,974 Durum .........: 106,080 50,482 81,956 : Total ...... : 2,206,916 1,999,347 2,269,117 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Wheat Class Percentage Estimates The following percentages are the basis for the United States wheat production by class estimates each year. These estimates are based on the latest varietal or class survey data available. These end-of-season percentages will be used during the 2013 forecast season. However, if an unusual situation significantly distorts a State's usual distribution, then updated percentages will be used to forecast the production by class. (Note: The Idaho, Oregon, and Washington percentages are based on their estimates of production by class.) Winter Wheat Production Distribution by Class - States: 2011 and 2012 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Hard red : Soft red : Hard white : Soft white :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 : 2012 : 2011 : 2012 : 2011 : 2012 : 2011 : 2012 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Alabama .......: 1 1 99 99 - - - - Arizona .......: 60 58 - - 40 42 - - Arkansas ......: - 1 100 99 - - - - California ....: 85 88 - - 10 9 5 3 Colorado ......: 98 98 - - 2 2 - - Delaware ......: - - 100 100 - - - - Florida .......: - - 100 100 - - - - Georgia .......: - - 100 100 - - - - Idaho .........: 23 23 - - 1 1 76 76 Illinois ......: - - 100 100 - - - - : Indiana .......: - - 100 100 - - - - Iowa ..........: 53 55 47 45 - - - - Kansas ........: 98 98 - - 2 2 - - Kentucky ......: - - 100 100 - - - - Louisiana .....: - - 100 100 - - - - Maryland ......: - - 100 100 - - - - Michigan ......: - - 63 64 - - 37 36 Minnesota .....: 100 100 - - - - - - Mississippi ...: - - 100 100 - - - - Missouri ......: 3 2 97 98 - - - - : Montana .......: 99 99 - - 1 1 - - Nebraska ......: 100 100 - - - - - - Nevada ........: - - - - 1 1 99 99 New Jersey ....: - - 100 100 - - - - New Mexico ....: 100 98 - - - 2 - - New York ......: 3 3 77 84 - - 20 13 North Carolina : - - 100 100 - - - - North Dakota ..: 100 100 - - - - - - Ohio ..........: - - 100 100 - - - - Oklahoma ......: 99 99 1 1 - - - - : Oregon ........: 4 4 - - - - 96 96 Pennsylvania ..: 1 1 99 99 - - - - South Carolina : - - 100 100 - - - - South Dakota ..: 100 100 - - - - - - Tennessee .....: - - 100 100 - - - - Texas .........: 93 93 7 7 - - - - Utah ..........: 76 75 - - - - 24 25 Virginia ......: - - 100 100 - - - - Washington ....: 15 20 - - - - 85 80 West Virginia .: 1 3 99 97 - - - - Wisconsin .....: 3 3 96 96 - - 1 1 Wyoming .......: 100 100 - - - - - - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. Other Spring Wheat (excluding Durum) Production Distribution by Class - States: 2011 and 2012 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hard red : Hard white : Soft white State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 : 2012 : 2011 : 2012 : 2011 : 2012 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Colorado ......: 40 60 45 28 15 12 Idaho .........: 45 50 18 20 37 30 Minnesota .....: 100 100 - - - - Montana .......: 100 100 - - - - Nevada ........: - 2 - - 100 98 North Dakota ..: 100 100 - - - - Oregon ........: 40 39 - - 60 61 South Dakota ..: 100 100 - - - - Utah ..........: 73 63 2 2 25 35 Washington ....: 49 49 2 2 49 49 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. Winter Wheat Head Population The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in 10 winter wheat estimating States during 2012. Randomly selected plots in winter wheat fields were visited monthly from May through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey. Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot - Selected States: 2008-2012 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Colorado : July .............: 37.8 44.0 47.3 45.3 41.0 August ...........: 38.8 44.1 48.6 45.0 41.0 Final ............: 38.8 43.9 48.6 45.0 41.0 : Illinois : July .............: 63.9 58.1 44.5 60.0 56.5 August ...........: 63.2 58.4 44.5 60.1 56.5 Final ............: 63.2 58.4 44.5 60.1 56.5 : Kansas : July .............: 44.7 45.5 44.6 42.2 46.5 August ...........: 44.7 45.5 44.6 42.2 46.7 Final ............: 44.7 45.5 44.6 42.2 46.7 : Missouri : July .............: 61.5 49.7 39.8 50.7 49.9 August ...........: 53.2 49.7 39.2 48.9 49.9 Final ............: 53.2 49.7 39.2 48.9 49.9 : Montana : July .............: 38.6 37.1 44.7 44.3 44.1 August ...........: 39.4 35.8 44.7 46.7 44.7 Final ............: 39.4 36.0 45.0 46.9 45.0 : Nebraska : July .............: 44.9 51.5 47.1 54.3 50.7 August ...........: 47.6 50.8 48.1 54.6 50.7 Final ............: 47.6 50.8 48.1 54.6 50.7 : Ohio : July .............: 58.4 57.8 62.1 56.1 58.3 August ...........: 61.0 58.2 62.1 56.2 58.3 Final ............: 61.0 58.2 62.1 56.2 58.3 : Oklahoma : July .............: 41.8 38.7 36.5 37.7 47.7 August ...........: 41.8 38.7 36.5 37.7 47.7 Final ............: 41.8 38.7 36.5 37.7 47.7 : Texas : July .............: 30.6 35.2 35.9 32.7 34.3 August ...........: 31.0 35.2 35.9 32.8 34.3 Final ............: 31.5 35.1 35.9 32.9 34.3 : Washington : July .............: 38.4 36.0 40.2 41.3 37.3 August ...........: 36.6 35.6 39.2 41.5 36.6 Final ............: 36.6 35.4 39.2 41.4 36.9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rye Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2010-2012 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Georgia ........: 190 200 230 40 35 25 Oklahoma .......: 250 260 250 60 55 60 : Other States 2/ : 771 806 820 165 152 163 : United States ..: 1,211 1,266 1,300 265 242 248 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 : 2010 : 2011 : 2012 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------- bushels -------- ------ 1,000 bushels ------ : Georgia ........: 24.0 27.0 22.0 960 945 550 Oklahoma .......: 25.0 15.0 21.0 1,500 825 1,260 : Other States 2/ : 30.1 30.0 31.5 4,971 4,556 5,134 : United States ..: 28.0 26.1 28.0 7,431 6,326 6,944 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. 2/ Other States include Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, and Wisconsin. Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2011-2012 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 : 2012 : 2011 : 2012 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Barley .........: 2,559 3,637 2,239 3,244 Oats ...........: 2,496 2,760 939 1,045 Rye ............: 1,266 1,300 242 248 Wheat, all .....: 54,409 55,736 45,705 48,991 Winter ........: 40,646 41,324 32,314 34,834 Durum .........: 1,369 2,123 1,312 2,102 Other spring ..: 12,394 12,289 12,079 12,055 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 : 2012 : 2011 : 2012 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- bushels ----- ----- 1,000 bushels ---- : Barley ........: 69.6 67.9 155,780 220,284 Oats ..........: 57.1 61.3 53,649 64,024 Rye ...........: 26.1 28.0 6,326 6,944 Wheat, all ....: 43.7 46.3 1,999,347 2,269,117 Winter .......: 46.2 47.2 1,493,677 1,645,202 Durum ........: 38.5 39.0 50,482 81,956 Other spring .: 37.7 45.0 455,188 541,959 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2011-2012 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 : 2012 : 2011 : 2012 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Barley ........: 1,035,600 1,471,860 906,100 1,312,810 Oats ..........: 1,010,110 1,116,940 380,000 422,900 Rye ...........: 512,340 526,100 97,930 100,360 Wheat, all ....: 22,018,780 22,555,800 18,496,360 19,826,170 Winter .......: 16,449,030 16,723,410 13,077,150 14,096,970 Durum ........: 554,020 859,160 530,950 850,660 Other spring .: 5,015,730 4,973,240 4,888,250 4,878,540 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 : 2012 : 2011 : 2012 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Barley ........: 3.74 3.65 3,391,710 4,796,120 Oats ..........: 2.05 2.20 778,710 929,310 Rye ...........: 1.64 1.76 160,690 176,390 Wheat, all ....: 2.94 3.11 54,413,310 61,755,240 Winter .......: 3.11 3.18 40,651,230 44,775,060 Durum ........: 2.59 2.62 1,373,890 2,230,480 Other spring .: 2.53 3.02 12,388,190 14,749,710 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop Comments Oats: The 2012 production is estimated at 64.0 million bushels, 4 percent below the August 1 forecast and up 19 percent from last year. Yield is estimated at 61.3 bushels per acre, up 0.3 bushel from the last forecast and up 4.2 bushels from the previous year. Area planted to oats is estimated at 2.76 million acres, up 1 percent from the previous estimate and up 11 percent from 2011. Harvested area is estimated at 1.05 million acres, down 4 percent from August 1 but up 11 percent from last year. Favorable growing conditions in the Dakotas, Minnesota, and Texas promoted significant yield increases compared with 2011. Drought conditions in the Mountain West and Southeast regions led to a large decline in yield from last year. During early spring, planting and emergence of the oat crop was ahead the normal pace. By April 22, growers had planted 82 percent of their acreage, 25 percentage points ahead of normal, and emergence was 58 percent complete, 17 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Planting was 97 percent complete, 11 percentage points ahead of the average by May 13 and 88 percent of the crop was emerged, 20 percentage points ahead of the normal pace. Through June, crop development remained ahead of normal in most major oat-producing States. As of June 24, ninety-one percent of the oat acreage was headed, 24 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. At the end of July, 73 percent of the oat acreage was harvested, 39 percentage points ahead the normal pace. By August 19, ninety-eight percent of the oat acreage was harvested, 18 percentage points ahead of the five-year average. Barley: Production is estimated at 220 million bushels, down less than 1 percent from the August 1 forecast but up 41 percent from 2011. Average yield per acre, at 67.9 bushels, is up 0.3 bushel from the August 1 forecast but down 1.7 bushels from the previous year. Producers seeded 3.64 million acres in 2012, up 42 percent from last year. Harvested area, at 3.24 million acres, is down 1 percent from the previous forecast but up 45 percent from 2011. These represent the first increases in seeded and harvested area since 2008, and reflect a strong rebound in barley acreage in North Dakota following problems seeding during 2011. As April began, barley producers across much of the country were busy seeding this year's crop, with progress advancing ahead of the normal pace in most States. Conversely, cool spring temperatures coupled with excessively wet fields in Washington limited fieldwork. Emergence was underway by April 15. Sunny skies and adequate soil moisture levels promoted one of the quickest seeding paces on record. By May 20, ninety-eight percent of the Nation's barley crop was in the ground, 17 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. With the exception of Washington, emergence in the five major estimating States neared completion toward the end of May. Head development was evident in most States in early-June, and continued to progress rapidly in most locations as warmer than normal temperatures boosted crop growth throughout the month. By July 1, heading had advanced to 61 percent complete, 52 percentage points ahead of last year and 28 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Hot, mostly dry weather during July in Idaho, Montana, and North Dakota - the three largest barley-producing States - dried out soils and negatively affected the developing crop. As above average temperatures quickly matured this year's barley crop, harvest was underway in Minnesota and North Dakota by July 8. Nationally, 14 percent of the barley crop was harvested by July 29, well ahead of both last year and the average pace. Favorable weather conditions throughout August provided ample time for fieldwork across the Northern Tier. In Idaho, harvest was complete in lower elevation fields by August 26. Nationwide, 95 percent of this year's crop was harvested by September 9, sixteen percentage points ahead of last year and 13 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Winter wheat: The 2012 winter wheat production totaled 1.65 billion bushels, down 2 percent from the August forecast but 10 percent above the previous year. The United States yield is 47.2 bushels per acre, down 0.8 bushel from August but up 1.0 bushel from 2011. The United States yield is the second highest on record, 0.6 bushel below 1999. Area harvested for grain is estimated at 34.8 million acres, down 1 percent from August but up 8 percent from the previous year. Planted and harvested acres were up from 2011 in most of the major Hard Red Winter (HRW) growing States. Particularly large acreage increases were experienced in Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas where dry conditions had limited 2011 planted acres. Record high planted acres were experienced in North Dakota while record low acres were seeded in Nebraska and Ohio. Nationally, HRW production totaled 1.00 million bushels, up 29 percent from 2011. North Dakota and California producers set record high yields. In the Soft Red Winter (SRW) growing area, acreage increases from 2011 were experienced in the Southeast, with North Carolina seeding the highest acres on record for that State. Conversely, acreage decreases were seen in most States in the Corn Belt and Northeast. Yields were down from last year in the Southeast, where many record yields were set in 2011. Record high yields were realized in Michigan, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. SRW production totaled 420 million bushels, down 8 percent from 2011. White winter production totaled 222 million bushels, down 14 percent from the previous year. Planted and harvested acreage in the Pacific Northwest (Idaho, Oregon, and Washington) was below 2011's level. Yields were also down from last year in all PNW States. Other spring wheat: Production for 2012 is estimated at 542 million bushels, up 9 percent from the August 1 forecast and up 19 percent from 2011. Harvested area totaled 12.1 million acres, up 3 percent from August 1 but virtually unchanged from last year. The United States yield is 45 bushels per acre, up 2.2 bushels from the last forecast and 7.3 bushels higher than last year. Favorable growing conditions in the Dakotas and Minnesota promoted significant yield increases compared to 2011. Due to dry spring conditions, planting got off to a quick start in most all the major spring wheat-producing States. As of April 29, seventy-four percent of the crop had been planted, 42 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Crop maturation continued ahead of normal throughout the growing season for all States. As a result, harvest progress was well ahead of the 5-year average. By September 2, ninety-five percent of the crop had been harvested, 23 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Durum wheat: Production for 2012 is estimated at 82.0 million bushels, down 5 percent from the August 1 forecast but up 62 percent from 2011. Grain area harvested is 2.10 million acres, down 1 percent from August but up 60 percent from the previous year. The United States yield is 39.0 bushels per acre, down 1.5 bushels from the last forecast but up 0.5 bushels from 2011 and the fourth highest yield on record. The crop progressed ahead of normal due to the above normal temperatures in Montana and North Dakota throughout the growing season. Harvest was virtually complete by September 9, in Montana and North Dakota, well ahead of average. Rye: Production for 2012 is estimated at 6.94 million bushels. Harvested area totaled 248,000 acres, up 6,000 acres from 2011. The United States yield, at 28.0 bushels per acre, is up 1.9 bushels from the previous year. Favorable growing condition in the Southern Great Plains and Northern Great Plains led to yield increase from a year earlier. Statistical Methodology Survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted to gather information on small grain acreage, yield, and production. The objective yield survey was conducted in 10 States that accounted for over 65 percent of the 2012 winter wheat production. Early in the growing season, farm operators were interviewed to seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. Throughout the growing season, counts such as number of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were collected from these plots. The plots were revisited each month until crop maturity when the heads were clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator harvested the sample field, enumerators revisited the sample to obtain harvesting loss. The farm operator survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail, internet, and personal interviewer. Approximately 66,500 producers were interviewed between August 28 and September 19 and asked questions pertaining to planted and harvested area as well as yield and production. Estimating Procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared with previous years. Each Field Office submits an estimate and written analysis for their State to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data, administrative data, and the State analysis to prepare the estimates published in this report. Revision Policy: Estimates contained in this report may be revised in the Crop Production Annual Summary report published in January should new information become available. Previous year acreage, yield, and production estimates can be revised in the Small Grain Summary published the following year, if new information is available that would justify a change. Estimates will also be reviewed after data for the 5-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date. Reliability: The surveys used to make the acreage, yield, and production estimates contained in this report are subject to sampling and non-sampling type errors that are common to all surveys. Reliability of the objective yield and farmer survey must be treated separately because the survey designs for the two surveys are different. The objective yield indications are subject to sampling variability because all acres of winter wheat are not included in the sample. The farm operator survey indications are also subject to sampling variability because all operations with small grains are not included in the sample. This variability, as measured by the relative standard error at the National level, is approximately 1.4 percent for winter wheat, 6.6 percent for Durum wheat, and 2.4 percent for other spring wheat. This means that chances are approximately 95 out of 100 that survey estimates for production will be within plus or minus 2.8 percent for winter wheat, 13.2 percent for Durum wheat, and 4.8 percent for other spring wheat of the value that could be developed by averaging the estimates produced from all possible samples selected from the same population and surveyed using the same procedures. The relative standard errors for barley, oats and rye are 2.9, 3.2, and 8.1 percent, respectively. Survey indications are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omission, duplication, imputation for missing data, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. These errors cannot be measured directly, but they are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch........................... (202) 720-2127 Jacqueline Moore, Head, Field Crops Section................ (202) 720-2127 Suzanne Avilla - Peanuts, Rice........................ (202) 720-7688 Jacqueline Moore - Oats, Rye, Wheat................... (202) 720-2127 Steve Maliszewski - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum.. (202) 720-5944 Anthony Prillaman - Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet...... (202) 720-9526 Julie Schmidt - Crop Weather, Barley, Hay............. (202) 720-7621 Travis Thorson - Soybeans, Sunflower, Other Oilseeds.. 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