United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service ISSN: 1949- 162X Small Grains 2017 Summary September 2017 All wheat production totaled 1.74 billion bushels in 2017, down 25 percent from the revised 2016 total of 2.31 billion bushels. Area harvested for grain totaled 37.6 million acres, down 14 percent from the previous year. The United States yield is estimated at 46.3 bushels per acre, down 6.4 bushels from the previous year. The levels of production and changes from 2016 by type are winter wheat, 1.27 billion bushels, down 24 percent; other spring wheat, 416 million bushels, down 22 percent; and Durum wheat, 54.9 million bushels, down 47 percent. Oat production is estimated at 49.4 million bushels, down 24 percent from 2016. Yield is estimated at 61.7 bushels per acre, down 4.3 bushels from the previous year. Harvested area, at 801,000 acres, is 18 percent below last year. Barley production is estimated at 142 million bushels, down 29 percent from the revised 2016 total of 200 million bushels. Average yield per acre, at 72.6 bushels, is down 5.3 bushels from the previous year. Producers seeded 2.48 million acres in 2017, down 19 percent from last year. Harvested area, at 1.95 million acres, is down 24 percent from 2016. This report was approved on September 29, 2017. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Warren P. Preston Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Joseph L. Parsons Contents Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2015-2017................. 6 Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2015-2017.............. 8 All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2015-2017........... 10 Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2015-2017........ 12 Other Spring Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2015-2017.. 14 Durum Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2015-2017......... 15 Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2015-2017........................................................ 15 Winter Wheat Production Distribution by Class - States: 2016 and 2017....................................... 16 Other Spring Wheat (excluding Durum) Production Distribution by Class - States: 2016 and 2017............... 17 Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot - Selected States: 2013-2017............................................. 18 Rye Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2015-2017................. 19 Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2016-2017............................................................................ 20 Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2016-2017.................................................................................... 20 Crop Comments............................................................................................... 21 Statistical Methodology..................................................................................... 24 Information Contacts........................................................................................ 25 This page intentionally left blank. Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2015-2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama .......: 55 50 40 20 20 10 Arkansas ......: 11 11 11 8 8 8 California ....: 120 110 110 10 11 10 Colorado ......: 45 55 50 10 10 9 Georgia .......: 65 45 50 25 15 15 Idaho .........: 75 55 50 15 15 10 Illinois ......: 40 45 35 25 20 20 Indiana 2/ ....: 15 (NA) (NA) 5 (NA) (NA) Iowa ..........: 125 120 115 57 43 42 Kansas ........: 95 120 100 40 30 25 : Maine .........: 30 25 21 29 24 20 Michigan ......: 75 65 55 50 30 40 Minnesota .....: 280 210 170 160 120 95 Missouri ......: 30 45 30 14 19 13 Montana .......: 50 60 70 22 28 18 Nebraska ......: 135 135 110 40 25 35 New York ......: 70 90 55 40 60 35 North Carolina : 35 35 35 16 9 10 North Dakota ..: 275 290 295 140 110 80 Ohio ..........: 70 50 60 40 25 20 : Oklahoma ......: 40 65 45 7 8 16 Oregon ........: 35 30 25 11 10 10 Pennsylvania ..: 95 85 70 65 50 40 South Carolina : 24 17 20 9 7 8 South Dakota ..: 325 295 290 145 110 60 Texas .........: 520 470 455 55 60 60 Utah 2/ .......: 20 (NA) (NA) 2 (NA) (NA) Virginia 2/ ...: 12 (NA) (NA) 4 (NA) (NA) Washington ....: 18 18 16 5 7 3 Wisconsin .....: 280 210 180 195 100 85 Wyoming .......: 23 23 25 12 7 4 : United States .: 3,088 2,829 2,588 1,276 981 801 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2015-2017 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- -------- 1,000 bushels ------- : Alabama .......: 50.0 55.0 60.0 1,000 1,100 600 Arkansas ......: 60.0 73.0 85.0 480 584 680 California ....: 60.0 65.0 65.0 600 715 650 Colorado ......: 80.0 80.0 65.0 800 800 585 Georgia .......: 45.0 58.0 49.0 1,125 870 735 Idaho .........: 86.0 83.0 71.0 1,290 1,245 710 Illinois ......: 77.0 81.0 79.0 1,925 1,620 1,580 Indiana 2/ ....: 59.0 (NA) (NA) 295 (NA) (NA) Iowa ..........: 73.0 76.0 77.0 4,161 3,268 3,234 Kansas ........: 65.0 57.0 54.0 2,600 1,710 1,350 : Maine .........: 80.0 71.0 67.0 2,320 1,704 1,340 Michigan ......: 67.0 58.0 54.0 3,350 1,740 2,160 Minnesota .....: 78.0 68.0 75.0 12,480 8,160 7,125 Missouri ......: 65.0 60.0 65.0 910 1,140 845 Montana .......: 53.0 47.0 47.0 1,166 1,316 846 Nebraska ......: 67.0 60.0 49.0 2,680 1,500 1,715 New York ......: 58.0 55.0 55.0 2,320 3,300 1,925 North Carolina : 66.0 60.0 66.0 1,056 540 660 North Dakota ..: 74.0 66.0 58.0 10,360 7,260 4,640 Ohio ..........: 63.0 74.0 70.0 2,520 1,850 1,400 : Oklahoma ......: 39.0 43.0 42.0 273 344 672 Oregon ........: 88.0 90.0 83.0 968 900 830 Pennsylvania ..: 55.0 67.0 58.0 3,575 3,350 2,320 South Carolina : 58.0 46.0 51.0 522 322 408 South Dakota ..: 87.0 82.0 70.0 12,615 9,020 4,200 Texas .........: 48.0 50.0 45.0 2,640 3,000 2,700 Utah 2/ .......: 85.0 (NA) (NA) 170 (NA) (NA) Virginia 2/ ...: 76.0 (NA) (NA) 304 (NA) (NA) Washington ....: 54.0 61.0 42.0 270 427 126 Wisconsin .....: 72.0 66.0 59.0 14,040 6,600 5,015 Wyoming .......: 60.0 55.0 85.0 720 385 340 : United States .: 70.2 66.0 61.7 89,535 64,770 49,391 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2016. Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2015-2017 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Arizona ..........: 17 17 20 16 16 17 California .......: 80 85 70 29 60 28 Colorado .........: 65 80 70 63 75 68 Delaware .........: 32 35 32 22 25 16 Idaho ............: 610 600 530 580 580 510 Kansas 2/ ........: 13 (NA) (NA) 8 (NA) (NA) Maine 2/ .........: 13 (NA) (NA) 12 (NA) (NA) Maryland .........: 50 50 50 35 34 27 Michigan 2/ ......: 11 (NA) (NA) 6 (NA) (NA) Minnesota ........: 135 95 80 120 79 68 : Montana ..........: 990 990 770 860 780 565 New York 2/ ......: 11 (NA) (NA) 9 (NA) (NA) North Carolina 2/ : 19 (NA) (NA) 14 (NA) (NA) North Dakota .....: 1,120 740 520 1,050 640 395 Oregon ...........: 49 45 47 37 32 38 Pennsylvania .....: 55 55 60 40 38 45 South Dakota 2/ ..: 37 (NA) (NA) 19 (NA) (NA) Utah .............: 27 29 25 16 19 18 Virginia .........: 46 33 30 16 12 11 Washington .......: 115 110 95 105 93 85 Wisconsin 2/ .....: 28 (NA) (NA) 15 (NA) (NA) Wyoming ..........: 100 95 82 86 82 63 : United States ....: 3,623 3,059 2,481 3,158 2,565 1,954 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2015-2017 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---------- bushels ---------- -------- 1,000 bushels -------- : Arizona ..........: 120.0 128.0 131.0 1,920 2,048 2,227 California .......: 55.0 75.0 50.0 1,595 4,500 1,400 Colorado .........: 130.0 129.0 132.0 8,190 9,675 8,976 Delaware .........: 80.0 76.0 85.0 1,760 1,900 1,360 Idaho ............: 97.0 107.0 95.0 56,260 62,060 48,450 Kansas 2/ ........: 39.0 (NA) (NA) 312 (NA) (NA) Maine 2/ .........: 85.0 (NA) (NA) 1,020 (NA) (NA) Maryland .........: 69.0 72.0 76.0 2,415 2,448 2,052 Michigan 2/ ......: 56.0 (NA) (NA) 336 (NA) (NA) Minnesota ........: 77.0 66.0 76.0 9,240 5,214 5,168 : Montana ..........: 52.0 60.0 51.0 44,720 46,800 28,815 New York 2/ ......: 45.0 (NA) (NA) 405 (NA) (NA) North Carolina 2/ : 72.0 (NA) (NA) 1,008 (NA) (NA) North Dakota .....: 64.0 67.0 63.0 67,200 42,880 24,885 Oregon ...........: 52.0 67.0 62.0 1,924 2,144 2,356 Pennsylvania .....: 65.0 75.0 70.0 2,600 2,850 3,150 South Dakota 2/ ..: 37.0 (NA) (NA) 703 (NA) (NA) Utah .............: 84.0 82.0 75.0 1,344 1,558 1,350 Virginia .........: 75.0 67.0 73.0 1,200 804 803 Washington .......: 48.0 77.0 53.0 5,040 7,161 4,505 Wisconsin 2/ .....: 55.0 (NA) (NA) 825 (NA) (NA) Wyoming ..........: 95.0 96.0 102.0 8,170 7,872 6,426 : United States ....: 69.1 77.9 72.6 218,187 199,914 141,923 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2016. All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2015-2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama .......: 260 230 150 220 170 100 Arizona .......: 160 111 115 152 103 107 Arkansas ......: 350 195 200 240 115 125 California ....: 520 480 420 235 217 182 Colorado ......: 2,458 2,361 2,260 2,197 2,200 2,029 Delaware ......: 70 70 75 65 65 69 Florida .......: 25 25 20 15 17 14 Georgia .......: 215 180 160 145 110 70 Idaho .........: 1,220 1,190 1,165 1,155 1,125 1,104 Illinois ......: 540 520 500 520 470 470 : Indiana .......: 290 330 290 260 280 240 Iowa ..........: 20 25 16 15 17 8 Kansas ........: 9,200 8,500 7,600 8,700 8,200 6,950 Kentucky ......: 560 510 480 440 400 310 Louisiana .....: 110 25 20 92 20 13 Maryland ......: 355 360 410 270 260 185 Michigan ......: 510 610 480 475 570 425 Minnesota .....: 1,532 1,321 1,170 1,473 1,268 1,135 Mississippi ...: 150 65 45 120 50 25 Missouri ......: 760 690 640 610 570 540 : Montana .......: 5,620 5,130 5,140 5,365 4,975 4,665 Nebraska ......: 1,490 1,370 1,120 1,210 1,310 1,020 Nevada ........: 12 15 29 8 9 10 New Jersey ....: 27 25 23 20 21 17 New Mexico ....: 385 345 330 190 210 135 New York ......: 120 120 140 110 115 125 North Carolina : 650 420 450 570 355 375 North Dakota ..: 7,990 7,590 6,680 7,915 7,405 6,310 Ohio ..........: 520 580 460 480 560 435 Oklahoma ......: 5,300 5,000 4,500 3,800 3,500 2,900 : Oregon ........: 835 810 775 828 797 763 Pennsylvania ..: 195 190 210 175 150 150 South Carolina : 170 60 90 160 50 75 South Dakota ..: 2,756 2,270 1,887 2,236 2,157 1,196 Tennessee .....: 455 400 370 395 335 275 Texas .........: 6,100 5,000 4,700 3,550 2,800 2,350 Utah ..........: 135 129 134 128 120 120 Virginia ......: 260 210 210 210 175 145 Washington ....: 2,290 2,240 2,195 2,225 2,200 2,140 West Virginia .: 9 7 8 4 4 4 Wisconsin .....: 230 270 210 210 250 170 Wyoming .......: 145 140 135 130 125 105 : United States .: 54,999 50,119 46,012 47,318 43,850 37,586 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2015-2017 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- --------- 1,000 bushels --------- : Alabama .......: 68.0 70.0 77.0 14,960 11,900 7,700 Arizona .......: 101.0 97.8 100.8 15,356 10,073 10,789 Arkansas ......: 56.0 54.0 52.0 13,440 6,210 6,500 California ....: 79.1 79.7 68.2 18,595 17,302 12,404 Colorado ......: 37.1 48.2 43.2 81,485 106,000 87,598 Delaware ......: 65.0 67.0 73.0 4,225 4,355 5,037 Florida .......: 43.0 30.0 37.0 645 510 518 Georgia .......: 43.0 46.0 47.0 6,235 5,060 3,290 Idaho .........: 77.4 91.4 82.2 89,370 102,795 90,708 Illinois ......: 65.0 74.0 76.0 33,800 34,780 35,720 : Indiana .......: 68.0 81.0 74.0 17,680 22,680 17,760 Iowa ..........: 52.0 63.0 68.0 780 1,071 544 Kansas ........: 37.0 57.0 48.0 321,900 467,400 333,600 Kentucky ......: 73.0 80.0 77.0 32,120 32,000 23,870 Louisiana .....: 39.0 45.0 46.0 3,588 900 598 Maryland ......: 64.0 64.0 71.0 17,280 16,640 13,135 Michigan ......: 81.0 89.0 79.0 38,475 50,730 33,575 Minnesota .....: 59.9 59.0 66.9 88,294 74,828 75,935 Mississippi ...: 48.0 48.0 58.0 5,760 2,400 1,450 Missouri ......: 53.0 70.0 68.0 32,330 39,900 36,720 : Montana .......: 35.1 42.4 27.3 188,515 210,875 127,430 Nebraska ......: 38.0 54.0 46.0 45,980 70,740 46,920 Nevada ........: 81.3 72.3 106.0 650 651 1,060 New Jersey ....: 50.0 64.0 64.0 1,000 1,344 1,088 New Mexico ....: 25.0 22.0 30.0 4,750 4,620 4,050 New York ......: 63.0 74.0 67.0 6,930 8,510 8,375 North Carolina : 53.0 41.0 55.0 30,210 14,555 20,625 North Dakota ..: 46.7 45.0 37.7 370,023 332,978 238,085 Ohio ..........: 67.0 80.0 74.0 32,160 44,800 32,190 Oklahoma ......: 26.0 39.0 34.0 98,800 136,500 98,600 : Oregon ........: 47.3 50.1 63.0 39,195 39,937 48,069 Pennsylvania ..: 65.0 68.0 72.0 11,375 10,200 10,800 South Carolina : 46.0 43.0 49.0 7,360 2,150 3,675 South Dakota ..: 46.2 51.6 34.8 103,406 111,281 41,678 Tennessee .....: 68.0 73.0 70.0 26,860 24,455 19,250 Texas .........: 30.0 32.0 29.0 106,500 89,600 68,150 Utah ..........: 48.5 59.9 52.0 6,207 7,184 6,240 Virginia ......: 66.0 53.0 66.0 13,860 9,275 9,570 Washington ....: 50.3 71.5 66.6 111,900 157,290 142,500 West Virginia .: 60.0 61.0 69.0 240 244 276 Wisconsin .....: 74.0 79.0 68.0 15,540 19,750 11,560 Wyoming .......: 32.0 34.0 28.0 4,160 4,250 2,940 : United States .: 43.6 52.7 46.3 2,061,939 2,308,723 1,740,582 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2015-2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama .......: 260 230 150 220 170 100 Arizona .......: 5 14 25 2 7 18 Arkansas ......: 350 195 200 240 115 125 California ....: 450 425 385 170 170 155 Colorado ......: 2,450 2,350 2,250 2,190 2,190 2,020 Delaware ......: 70 70 75 65 65 69 Florida .......: 25 25 20 15 17 14 Georgia .......: 215 180 160 145 110 70 Idaho .........: 760 770 720 710 720 670 Illinois ......: 540 520 500 520 470 470 : Indiana .......: 290 330 290 260 280 240 Iowa ..........: 20 25 16 15 17 8 Kansas ........: 9,200 8,500 7,600 8,700 8,200 6,950 Kentucky ......: 560 510 480 440 400 310 Louisiana .....: 110 25 20 92 20 13 Maryland ......: 355 360 410 270 260 185 Michigan ......: 510 610 480 475 570 425 Minnesota .....: 52 11 10 43 8 5 Mississippi ...: 150 65 45 120 50 25 Missouri ......: 760 690 640 610 570 540 : Montana .......: 2,350 2,250 1,750 2,220 2,150 1,590 Nebraska ......: 1,490 1,370 1,120 1,210 1,310 1,020 Nevada ........: 8 10 14 6 6 5 New Jersey ....: 27 25 23 20 21 17 New Mexico ....: 385 345 330 190 210 135 New York ......: 120 120 140 110 115 125 North Carolina : 650 420 450 570 355 375 North Dakota ..: 200 130 70 190 120 35 Ohio ..........: 520 580 460 480 560 435 Oklahoma ......: 5,300 5,000 4,500 3,800 3,500 2,900 : Oregon ........: 740 720 700 735 710 690 Pennsylvania ..: 195 190 210 175 150 150 South Carolina : 170 60 90 160 50 75 South Dakota ..: 1,420 1,180 910 970 1,100 520 Tennessee .....: 455 400 370 395 335 275 Texas .........: 6,100 5,000 4,700 3,550 2,800 2,350 Utah ..........: 125 120 120 119 112 108 Virginia ......: 260 210 210 210 175 145 Washington ....: 1,650 1,700 1,700 1,590 1,670 1,650 West Virginia .: 9 7 8 4 4 4 Wisconsin .....: 230 270 210 210 250 170 Wyoming .......: 145 140 135 130 125 105 : United States .: 39,681 36,152 32,696 32,346 30,237 25,291 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Winter Wheat Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2015-2017 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- --------- 1,000 bushels --------- : Alabama .......: 68.0 70.0 77.0 14,960 11,900 7,700 Arizona .......: 103.0 95.0 100.0 206 665 1,800 Arkansas ......: 56.0 54.0 52.0 13,440 6,210 6,500 California ....: 70.0 78.0 64.0 11,900 13,260 9,920 Colorado ......: 37.0 48.0 43.0 81,030 105,120 86,860 Delaware ......: 65.0 67.0 73.0 4,225 4,355 5,037 Florida .......: 43.0 30.0 37.0 645 510 518 Georgia .......: 43.0 46.0 47.0 6,235 5,060 3,290 Idaho .........: 82.0 94.0 80.0 58,220 67,680 53,600 Illinois ......: 65.0 74.0 76.0 33,800 34,780 35,720 : Indiana .......: 68.0 81.0 74.0 17,680 22,680 17,760 Iowa ..........: 52.0 63.0 68.0 780 1,071 544 Kansas ........: 37.0 57.0 48.0 321,900 467,400 333,600 Kentucky ......: 73.0 80.0 77.0 32,120 32,000 23,870 Louisiana .....: 39.0 45.0 46.0 3,588 900 598 Maryland ......: 64.0 64.0 71.0 17,280 16,640 13,135 Michigan ......: 81.0 89.0 79.0 38,475 50,730 33,575 Minnesota .....: 58.0 61.0 45.0 2,494 488 225 Mississippi ...: 48.0 48.0 58.0 5,760 2,400 1,450 Missouri ......: 53.0 70.0 68.0 32,330 39,900 36,720 : Montana .......: 41.0 49.0 42.0 91,020 105,350 66,780 Nebraska ......: 38.0 54.0 46.0 45,980 70,740 46,920 Nevada ........: 90.0 75.0 107.0 540 450 535 New Jersey ....: 50.0 64.0 64.0 1,000 1,344 1,088 New Mexico ....: 25.0 22.0 30.0 4,750 4,620 4,050 New York ......: 63.0 74.0 67.0 6,930 8,510 8,375 North Carolina : 53.0 41.0 55.0 30,210 14,555 20,625 North Dakota ..: 44.0 48.0 37.0 8,360 5,760 1,295 Ohio ..........: 67.0 80.0 74.0 32,160 44,800 32,190 Oklahoma ......: 26.0 39.0 34.0 98,800 136,500 98,600 : Oregon ........: 47.0 50.0 63.0 34,545 35,500 43,470 Pennsylvania ..: 65.0 68.0 72.0 11,375 10,200 10,800 South Carolina : 46.0 43.0 49.0 7,360 2,150 3,675 South Dakota ..: 44.0 58.0 40.0 42,680 63,800 20,800 Tennessee .....: 68.0 73.0 70.0 26,860 24,455 19,250 Texas .........: 30.0 32.0 29.0 106,500 89,600 68,150 Utah ..........: 48.0 60.0 52.0 5,712 6,720 5,616 Virginia ......: 66.0 53.0 66.0 13,860 9,275 9,570 Washington ....: 56.0 78.0 73.0 89,040 130,260 120,450 West Virginia .: 60.0 61.0 69.0 240 244 276 Wisconsin .....: 74.0 79.0 68.0 15,540 19,750 11,560 Wyoming .......: 32.0 34.0 28.0 4,160 4,250 2,940 : United States .: 42.5 55.3 50.2 1,374,690 1,672,582 1,269,437 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. Other Spring Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2015-2017 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Colorado .....: 8 11 10 7 10 9 Idaho ........: 450 410 420 435 395 410 Minnesota ....: 1,480 1,310 1,160 1,430 1,260 1,130 Montana ......: 2,650 2,100 2,500 2,540 2,060 2,290 Nevada .......: 4 5 15 2 3 5 North Dakota .: 6,700 6,000 5,350 6,650 5,850 5,070 Oregon .......: 95 90 75 93 87 73 South Dakota .: 1,330 1,080 970 1,260 1,050 670 Utah .........: 10 9 14 9 8 12 Washington ...: 640 540 495 635 530 490 : United States : 13,367 11,555 11,009 13,061 11,253 10,159 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- -------- 1,000 bushels -------- : Colorado .....: 65.0 88.0 82.0 455 880 738 Idaho ........: 70.0 87.0 86.0 30,450 34,365 35,260 Minnesota ....: 60.0 59.0 67.0 85,800 74,340 75,710 Montana ......: 31.0 36.0 21.0 78,740 74,160 48,090 Nevada .......: 55.0 67.0 105.0 110 201 525 North Dakota .: 48.0 46.0 41.0 319,200 269,100 207,870 Oregon .......: 50.0 51.0 63.0 4,650 4,437 4,599 South Dakota .: 48.0 45.0 31.0 60,480 47,250 20,770 Utah .........: 55.0 58.0 52.0 495 464 624 Washington ...: 36.0 51.0 45.0 22,860 27,030 22,050 : United States : 46.2 47.3 41.0 603,240 532,227 416,236 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Durum Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2015-2017 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Arizona ......: 155 97 90 150 96 89 California ...: 70 55 35 65 47 27 Idaho ........: 10 10 25 10 10 24 Montana ......: 620 780 890 605 765 785 North Dakota .: 1,090 1,460 1,260 1,075 1,435 1,205 South Dakota .: 6 10 7 6 7 6 : United States : 1,951 2,412 2,307 1,911 2,360 2,136 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- bushels ---------- -------- 1,000 bushels ------- : Arizona ......: 101.0 98.0 101.0 15,150 9,408 8,989 California ...: 103.0 86.0 92.0 6,695 4,042 2,484 Idaho ........: 70.0 75.0 77.0 700 750 1,848 Montana ......: 31.0 41.0 16.0 18,755 31,365 12,560 North Dakota .: 39.5 40.5 24.0 42,463 58,118 28,920 South Dakota .: 41.0 33.0 18.0 246 231 108 : United States : 44.0 44.0 25.7 84,009 103,914 54,909 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2015-2017 [Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Crop : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 bushels : Winter : Hard red ......: 830,446 1,082,005 750,332 Soft red ......: 359,054 345,230 292,156 Hard white ....: 16,109 25,478 23,726 Soft white ....: 169,081 219,869 203,223 : Spring : Hard red ......: 567,637 491,325 385,005 Hard white ....: 5,649 7,539 8,727 Soft white ....: 29,954 33,363 22,504 Durum .........: 84,009 103,914 54,909 : Total ...... : 2,061,939 2,308,723 1,740,582 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Wheat Class Percentage Estimates The following percentages are the basis for the United States wheat production by class estimates each year. These estimates are based on the latest varietal or class survey data available. These end-of-season percentages will be used during the 2018 forecast season. However, if an unusual situation significantly distorts a State's normal distribution, then updated percentages will be used to forecast the production by class. Winter Wheat Production Distribution by Class - States: 2016 and 2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Hard red : Soft red : Hard white : Soft white :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2016 : 2017 : 2016 : 2017 : 2016 : 2017 : 2016 : 2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Alabama .......: 1 - 99 100 - - - - Arizona .......: 98 99 - - 2 1 - - Arkansas ......: - - 100 100 - - - - California ....: 89 91 - - 6 5 5 4 Colorado ......: 93 89 - - 7 11 - - Delaware ......: - - 100 100 - - - - Florida .......: 2 1 95 86 1 - 2 13 Georgia .......: - - 100 100 - - - - Idaho .........: 22 19 - - - - 78 81 Illinois ......: - - 100 100 - - - - : Indiana .......: - - 100 100 - - - - Iowa ..........: 65 52 34 48 - - 1 - Kansas ........: 97 97 - - 3 3 - - Kentucky ......: - - 100 100 - - - - Louisiana .....: - - 100 100 - - - - Maryland ......: - - 100 100 - - - - Michigan ......: - - 60 56 - - 40 44 Minnesota .....: 100 99 - - - 1 - - Mississippi ...: 4 - 96 100 - - - - Missouri ......: 1 1 99 99 - - - - : Montana .......: 100 100 - - - - - - Nebraska ......: 96 93 - - 4 7 - - Nevada ........: 36 25 - - - - 64 75 New Jersey ....: - - 100 100 - - - - New Mexico ....: 99 100 - - 1 - - - New York ......: 3 4 92 92 1 - 4 4 North Carolina : - - 100 100 - - - - North Dakota ..: 100 99 - - - 1 - - Ohio ..........: - - 100 100 - - - - Oklahoma ......: 99 99 1 1 - - - - : Oregon ........: 7 8 - - - - 93 92 Pennsylvania ..: - 1 99 98 - - 1 1 South Carolina : - - 99 100 - - 1 - South Dakota ..: 100 100 - - - - - - Tennessee .....: - - 100 100 - - - - Texas .........: 97 94 3 6 - - - - Utah ..........: 75 75 - - 1 1 24 24 Virginia ......: - - 100 100 - - - - Washington ....: 15 15 - - - - 85 85 West Virginia .: 3 5 96 94 - - 1 1 Wisconsin .....: 4 3 96 97 - - - - Wyoming .......: 94 90 - - 6 10 - - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. Other Spring Wheat (excluding Durum) Production Distribution by Class - States: 2016 and 2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hard red : Hard white : Soft white State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2016 : 2017 : 2016 : 2017 : 2016 : 2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Colorado ......: 69 45 17 14 14 41 Idaho .........: 42 52 21 24 37 24 Minnesota .....: 100 100 - - - - Montana .......: 100 100 - - - - Nevada ........: - - 36 10 64 90 North Dakota ..: 100 100 - - - - Oregon ........: 40 55 1 1 59 44 South Dakota ..: 100 100 - - - - Utah ..........: 43 55 12 10 45 35 Washington ....: 35 50 - - 65 50 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. Winter Wheat Head Population The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in 10 winter wheat estimating States during 2017. Randomly selected plots in winter wheat fields were visited monthly from May through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey. Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot - Selected States: 2013-2017 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : 2013 : 2014 : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Colorado : July ................: 32.1 42.4 51.1 43.0 43.4 August ..............: 31.9 43.2 49.3 43.6 43.2 Final ...............: 31.9 43.4 49.3 43.6 43.2 : Illinois : July ................: 60.9 63.5 56.7 57.4 56.4 August ..............: 61.2 63.7 56.9 57.3 56.4 Final ...............: 61.2 63.7 56.9 57.3 56.4 : Kansas : July ................: 50.4 36.4 43.1 54.7 44.3 August ..............: 50.4 36.4 43.1 54.7 44.6 Final ...............: 50.4 36.4 43.1 54.7 44.6 : Missouri : July ................: 54.6 51.2 52.5 53.7 53.9 August ..............: 55.8 50.9 52.5 53.7 53.9 Final ...............: 55.8 50.9 52.5 53.7 53.9 : Montana : July ................: 43.7 43.4 48.9 54.6 44.4 August ..............: 45.1 44.2 47.7 55.2 46.2 Final ...............: 45.1 44.2 47.7 55.2 46.2 : Nebraska : July ................: 38.5 48.2 47.9 60.2 52.5 August ..............: 38.8 48.2 47.6 60.3 53.3 Final ...............: 38.8 48.2 47.6 60.3 53.3 : Ohio : July ................: 53.0 58.8 51.0 58.0 58.2 August ..............: 54.0 58.4 51.2 58.0 58.2 Final ...............: 54.0 58.4 51.2 58.0 58.2 : Oklahoma : July ................: 51.7 34.9 39.6 41.8 35.7 August ..............: 51.7 34.9 39.4 41.8 35.7 Final ...............: 51.7 34.9 39.4 41.8 35.7 : Texas : July ................: 33.3 32.8 34.3 34.4 26.6 August ..............: 33.3 32.8 34.3 34.4 26.8 Final ...............: 33.0 33.1 34.2 34.5 26.8 : Washington : July ................: 38.0 32.3 31.3 36.1 34.3 August ..............: 38.6 32.1 31.3 35.3 35.8 Final ...............: 38.6 32.3 31.3 35.5 35.7 : 10 State : July ................: 46.4 39.5 42.8 48.3 41.2 August ..............: 46.6 39.6 42.4 48.4 41.7 Final ...............: 46.6 39.5 42.4 48.4 41.7 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rye Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2015-2017 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted 1/ : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Georgia ........: 210 200 210 30 30 15 Oklahoma .......: 250 260 260 85 75 45 : Other States 2/ : 1,124 1,431 1,491 250 309 226 : United States ..: 1,584 1,891 1,961 365 414 286 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------- bushels -------- ------ 1,000 bushels ------ : Georgia ........: 14.0 21.0 19.0 420 630 285 Oklahoma .......: 24.0 25.0 24.0 2,040 1,875 1,080 : Other States 2/ : 36.6 35.4 36.9 9,156 10,946 8,331 : United States ..: 31.8 32.5 33.9 11,616 13,451 9,696 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes area planted in preceding fall. 2/ For 2015, Other States include: Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, and Wisconsin. Beginning in 2016, Other States include: Illinois, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Virginia, and Wisconsin. Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2016-2017 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2016 : 2017 : 2016 : 2017 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Barley .........: 3,059 2,481 2,565 1,954 Oats ...........: 2,829 2,588 981 801 Rye ............: 1,891 1,961 414 286 Wheat, all .....: 50,119 46,012 43,850 37,586 Winter ........: 36,152 32,696 30,237 25,291 Durum .........: 2,412 2,307 2,360 2,136 Other spring ..: 11,555 11,009 11,253 10,159 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2016 : 2017 : 2016 : 2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- bushels ----- ----- 1,000 bushels ---- : Barley ........: 77.9 72.6 199,914 141,923 Oats ..........: 66.0 61.7 64,770 49,391 Rye ...........: 32.5 33.9 13,451 9,696 Wheat, all ....: 52.7 46.3 2,308,723 1,740,582 Winter .......: 55.3 50.2 1,672,582 1,269,437 Durum ........: 44.0 25.7 103,914 54,909 Other spring .: 47.3 41.0 532,227 416,236 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2016-2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2016 : 2017 : 2016 : 2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Barley ........: 1,237,950 1,004,040 1,038,030 790,760 Oats ..........: 1,144,870 1,047,340 397,000 324,160 Rye ...........: 765,270 793,600 167,540 115,740 Wheat, all ....: 20,282,660 18,620,600 17,745,660 15,210,680 Winter .......: 14,630,350 13,231,740 12,236,610 10,235,010 Durum ........: 976,110 933,620 955,070 864,420 Other spring .: 4,676,190 4,455,230 4,553,980 4,111,250 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2016 : 2017 : 2016 : 2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Barley ........: 4.19 3.91 4,352,610 3,090,010 Oats ..........: 2.37 2.21 940,130 716,910 Rye ...........: 2.04 2.13 341,670 246,290 Wheat, all ....: 3.54 3.11 62,833,140 47,370,880 Winter .......: 3.72 3.38 45,520,220 34,548,410 Durum ........: 2.96 1.73 2,828,080 1,494,380 Other spring .: 3.18 2.76 14,484,850 11,328,090 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop Comments Oats: Production in 2017 is estimated at 49.4 million bushels, down 24 percent from 2016. Yield is estimated at 61.7 bushels per acre, down 4.3 bushels from the previous year. Harvested area, at 801,000 acres, is 18 percent below the previous year. Record low acres were harvested in Alabama, California, Georgia, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Minnesota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. The largest decreases in production from 2016 occurred in the upper Midwest where yields in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin were down from the previous year. Lower harvested acres in New York and Pennsylvania led to a production decrease of over 2 million bushels in these two States combined. A record high yield is estimated in Wyoming. Nationally, oat producers had seeded 28 percent of this year's crop by April 2, equal to last year but 6 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Producers had seeded 79 percent of this year's crop by May 7, eight percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Ninety-one percent of the oat crop was emerged by May 28, three percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Heading of this year's oat crop advanced to 85 percent complete by July 2, six percentage points behind last year but slightly ahead of the 5-year average. Oat producers had harvested 35 percent of this year's crop by July 30, sixteen percentage points behind last year and 10 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Harvest progress was at or behind the 5-year average by the end of July in five of the nine weekly Crop Progress estimating States. Eighty-six percent of the Nation's oat crop was harvested by August 27, eight percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Barley: Production is estimated at 142 million bushels, down 29 percent from the revised 2016 total of 200 million bushels. Average yield per acre, at 72.6 bushels, is down 5.3 bushels from the previous year. Producers seeded 2.48 million acres in 2017, down 19 percent from last year. Harvested area, at 1.95 million acres, is down 24 percent from 2016. Nine percent of the Nation's barley was planted by April 9, eight percentage points behind last year and 7 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Planting progress was behind the historical pace in all estimating States, including Washington with 3 percent planted, 21 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationwide, barley producers had seeded 32 percent of the Nation's crop by April 30, twenty-three percentage points behind last year and 21 percentage points behind the 5-year average. All estimating States remained well behind their 5-year average planting pace at the end of April. By April 30, emergence was evident in 14 percent of the Nation's barley acreage, 13 percentage points behind last year and 7 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationally, 99 percent of the barley crop was sown by June 4, slightly behind last year but 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Eighty-four percent of the barley crop had emerged by June 4, eight percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Heading of the Nation's barley crop advanced to 51 percent complete by July 2, nineteen percentage points behind last year and 6 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By July 30, barley producers had harvested 6 percent of the Nation's crop, 4 percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Overall, 49 percent of the barley was reported in good to excellent condition on August 13, compared with 71 percent at the same time last year. At that time, barley condition ratings in the good and excellent categories were 52 percentage points below last year in Washington and 32 percentage points below in Montana. By September 10, ninety-six percent of the barley crop was harvested, 2 percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Winter wheat: Winter wheat production for 2017 totaled 1.27 billion bushels, down 24 percent from the revised 2016 total of 1.67 billion bushels. The United States yield, at 50.2 bushels per acre, is down 5.1 bushels from 2016. Area harvested for grain is estimated at 25.3 million acres, down 16 percent from the previous year. Record high yields are estimated in Alabama, Illinois, Iowa, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia for 2017. Harvested acreage was down from 2016 in most of the major Hard Red Winter (HRW) growing States, the primary wheat producing area. As a result of the decreased harvested acreage and lower yields in 2017, HRW production totaled 750 million bushels, down 31 percent from 2016. In the Soft Red Winter (SRW) growing area, planted and harvested acreage decreased from 2016 in most of the region. SRW production totaled 292 million bushels, down 15 percent from 2016. White winter production totaled 227 million bushels, down 7 percent from the previous year. Harvested acreage in the Pacific Northwest (Idaho, Oregon, and Washington) was down 3 percent from 2016. Yields were down from last year in Idaho and Washington. By September 11, 2016, six percent of the Nation's 2017 crop was planted, slightly behind the previous year and the 5-year average. By October 2, producers had sown 43 percent of the Nation's 2017 winter wheat crop, slightly behind the previous year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationwide, 20 percent of the winter wheat crop was emerged by October 2, four percentage points ahead of the previous year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Thirteen of the 18 estimating States were behind the 5-year average planting pace by the end of October. Producers had seeded 86 percent of the 2017 winter wheat crop by October 30, slightly behind the previous year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationally, 70 percent of the crop had emerged by October 30, slightly ahead of both the previous year and the 5-year average. Ninety-seven percent of the Nation's 2017 winter wheat crop was sown by November 20, two percentage points ahead of the previous year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By November 20, eighty-nine percent of the Nation's winter wheat was emerged, equal to the previous year but slightly ahead of the 5-year average. Emergence was at least 92 percent complete in 12 of the 18 estimating States as of November 27. Overall, 58 percent of the winter wheat crop was reported in good to excellent condition at that time, 3 percentage points above the same time the previous year. In a majority of reporting States, the winter wheat crop was in mostly good to excellent condition by the end of December. Although in Kansas, the largest winter-wheat producing State, 44 percent of the crop was rated in good to excellent condition at the end of month, down from 52 percent on November 27. Forty-three percent of the Kansas winter wheat crop was rated in the good to excellent condition as of February 26, down slightly from the end of January. On April 2, fifty-one percent of the 2017 winter wheat crop was reported in good to excellent condition, compared with 59 percent at the same time last year. At that time, crop conditions had declined in most of the Great Plains States since autumn with decreases of more than 12 percentage points in the good to excellent categories reported in Montana and Oklahoma. Nationally, heading advanced 13 percentage points during the week ending April 23, as favorable weather in the southern Plains promoted a rapid crop development pace. Thirty-two percent of the winter wheat crop was at or beyond the heading stage by April 23, eight percentage points ahead of last year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By April 30, heading of the winter wheat crop had advanced to 42 percent complete, 2 percentage points ahead of last year and 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Overall, 54 percent of the winter wheat crop was reported in good to excellent condition on April 30, up 3 percentage points from the beginning of the month but 7 percentage points lower than at the same time last year. Heading of this year's winter wheat crop advanced to 80 percent complete by May 28, three percentage points behind last year but 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 4, producers had harvested 10 percent of this year's winter wheat crop, 8 percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Overall, 49 percent of the winter wheat crop was reported in good to excellent condition on June 4, thirteen percentage points lower than at the same time last year. Winter wheat harvest progress, at 28 percent complete by June 18, was 5 percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Overall, 48 percent of the winter wheat was reported in good to excellent condition on July 2, down slightly compared to the percentage rated in these two categories on June 4 and 14 percentage points lower than at the same time last year. Harvest was at or ahead of the state 5-year average in 14 of the 18 estimating States as of July 9. By July 16, three-quarters of this year's winter wheat crop was harvested, equal to last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Winter wheat harvest was complete or nearing completion in 12 of the 18 estimating States by the end of July. Other spring wheat: Production for 2017 is estimated at 416 million bushels, down 22 percent from the revised 2016 total of 532 million bushels. Harvested area totaled 10.2 million acres, down 10 percent from 2016. The United States yield is estimated at 41.0 bushels per acre, 6.3 bushels below 2016. Record high yields are estimated in Minnesota and Nevada for 2017. Of the total production, 385 million bushels are Hard Red Spring wheat, down 22 percent from the revised 2016 total. Thirty-one percent of the spring wheat crop was seeded by April 30, twenty-one percentage points behind last year and 15 percentage points behind the 5-year average. At the end of April, planting progress was behind the 5-year average in all estimating States except South Dakota. By April 30, nine percent of the spring wheat crop was emerged, 11 percentage points behind last year and 8 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationally, 78 percent of the spring wheat crop was seeded by May 14, nine percentage points behind last year but 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 14, forty percent of the spring wheat crop had emerged, 17 percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Ninety-six percent of the Nation's spring wheat crop was seeded by May 28, two percentage points behind last year but 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. The Nation's spring wheat was 90 percent emerged by June 4, five percentage points behind last year but 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Overall, 55 percent of the spring wheat crop was reported in good to excellent condition on June 4, twenty-four percentage points below the same time last year. By June 18, fifteen percent of the spring wheat was at or beyond the heading stage, 10 percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By July 2, fifty-nine percent of the spring wheat crop was at or beyond the heading stage, 12 percentage points behind last year but 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Overall, 37 percent of the spring wheat crop was reported in good to excellent condition on July 2, thirty-five percentage points lower than at the same time last year. Drought conditions continued to worsen at this time in the Dakotas and eastern Montana with at least 30 percent of the spring wheat acreage rated in very poor to poor condition in all three States. Ninety-six percent of the spring wheat was at or beyond the heading stage by July 23, three percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By July 30, nine percent of the spring wheat was harvested, equal to both last year and the 5-year average. Overall, 31 percent of the spring wheat crop was reported in good to excellent condition on July 30, down 6 percentage points from July 2 and 37 percentage points below the same time last year. Dry weather led to deteriorating spring wheat conditions in the northern Plains including South Dakota and Montana, rated at 75 percent and 58 percent in the very poor to poor categories, respectively, as of July 30. Durum wheat: Production for 2017 is estimated at 54.9 million bushels, down 47 percent from the revised 2016 total of 104 million bushels. Area harvested for grain totaled 2.14 million acres, down 9 percent from the previous year. The United States yield is estimated at 25.7 bushels per acre, down 18.3 bushels from the 2016 record high yield. Production in North Dakota, the largest Durum-producing State, is down 50 percent from 2016. Drought conditions in eastern Montana and North Dakota during the 2017 growing season negatively impacted yield and reduced acreage harvested for grain. Harvest progress in these two States, as of September 3, was well ahead of the 5-year average pace due to rapid maturation. Rye: Production for 2017 is estimated at 9.70 million bushels, down 28 percent from the 2016 total of 13.5 million bushels. Harvested area totaled 286,000 acres, down 128,000 acres from 2016. The United States yield, at 33.9 bushels per acre, is up 1.4 bushels from the previous year. Statistical Methodology Survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted to gather information on small grain acreage, yield, and production. The objective yield survey was conducted in 10 States that accounted for over 72 percent of the 2017 winter wheat production. Early in the growing season, farm operators were interviewed to seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. Throughout the growing season, counts such as number of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were collected from these plots. The plots were revisited each month until crop maturity when the heads were clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator harvested the sample field, enumerators revisited the sample to collect data in order to measure harvesting loss. Data from operators was collected by mail, internet, telephone, or personal interview to obtain information on crop acreage, yield and production for the 2017 crop year. Approximately 66,200 producers were interviewed during the first two weeks of September and asked questions pertaining to planted and harvested area as well as yield and production. Estimating Procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared with previous years. Each Regional Field Office submits an estimate and written analysis for their State to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data, administrative data, and the State analysis to prepare the estimates published in this report. Revision Policy: Estimates contained in this report may be revised in the Crop Production Annual Summary report published in January should new information become available. Previous year acreage, yield, and production estimates can be revised in the Small Grain Summary published the following year, if new information is available that would justify a change. Estimates will also be reviewed after data for the 5-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date. Reliability: The surveys used to make the acreage, yield, and production estimates contained in this report are subject to sampling and non-sampling type errors that are common to all surveys. Reliability of the objective yield and farmer survey must be treated separately because the survey designs for the two surveys are different. The objective yield indications are subject to sampling variability because all acres of winter wheat are not included in the sample. The farm operator survey indications are also subject to sampling variability because all operations with small grains are not included in the sample. This variability, as measured by the relative standard error at the National level, is approximately 1.5 percent for winter wheat, 6.7 percent for Durum wheat, and 4.1 percent for other spring wheat. This means that chances are approximately 95 out of 100 that survey estimates for production will be within plus or minus 3.0 percent for winter wheat, 13.4 percent for Durum wheat, and 8.2 percent for other spring wheat of the value that could be developed by averaging the estimates produced from all possible samples selected from the same population and surveyed using the same procedures. The relative standard errors for barley, oats, and rye are 5.2, 3.5, and 12.9 percent, respectively. Survey indications are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omission, duplication, imputation for missing data, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. These errors cannot be measured directly, but they are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch.................... (202) 720-2127 Anthony Prillaman, Head, Field Crops Section........ (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn - Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet.. (202) 720-9526 James Johanson - County Estimates, Hay......... (202) 690-8533 Jeff Lemmons - Oats, Soybeans.................. (202) 690-3234 Scott Matthews - Crop Weather, Barley.......... (202) 720-7621 Sammy Neal - Peanuts, Rice..................... (202) 720-7688 Jean Porter - Rye, Wheat....................... (202) 720-8068 Bianca Pruneda - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum... (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Sunflower, Other Oilseeds..... (202) 720-7369 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" or "State" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@nass.usda.gov. 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