United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service Ag Ch 1 (00) Agricultural Chemical Usage 1999 Swine and Swine Facilities December 2000 1999 Agricultural Chemical Use Estimates for Swine and Swine Facilities Overview: The agricultural chemical use estimates in this report are based on data compiled from a survey conducted in the fall of 2000 in 17 selected States, which contain approximately 93% of the U.S. hog inventory. This report provides insecticide use information on the swine sector of agriculture. All data refer to the on-farm use of chemical active ingredients contained in insecticides applied during the 1999 calendar year. Insecticides are applied to swine and swine facilities to control mange, mites, lice, flies, and other pests. Chemical data are provided on a rate per head per application and rate per head per year basis. Some swine received no chemical applications in 1999, whereas, other hogs and pigs received multiple applications of the same chemical. In yet other cases, swine received applications of several different chemicals. The number of times a chemical is applied varies significantly based on product formulation, method of application and pest stress at particular locations. The rate per head data cannot be used to calculate the actual number of head treated with a particular chemical. Hog and pig inventories are reprinted in this report from a previous NASS release. This table is included for informational purposes only. Some active ingredients, such as xylene, piperonyl butoxide, and petroleum distillate are primarily carriers, diluents, synergists, or repellents. These are classified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as pesticides and are included in this report. This report excludes pharmaceutical products that treat swine for internal pests. A pharmaceutical is classified as a drug and is regulated by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA). Pharmaceuticals generally target internal livestock pests such as viruses, bacteria, or worms. Some products can be classified as either a pesticide or a pharmaceutical because they treat both external and internal pests. Examples of dual purpose products are Doramectin and Ivermectin. These products can be applied to swine internally through oral dosage or injection, or applied externally as a pour-on. Also excluded are disinfectants and sanitizers. Only insecticide data were collected and summarized. Insecticide use information on chemical applications made to swine facilities is also included in this report. Herbicide and termite chemical applications are excluded, as are all rodenticides. States Participating in the 1999 Swine Chemical Use Study U.S. Quarterly Hog & Pig Inventory by State, December 1, 1999 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : State : Breeding : Market : Total : : : ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1,000 Head AR : 110 : 600 : 710 CO : 210 : 700 : 910 IL : 420 : 3,630 : 4,050 IN : 370 : 2,880 : 3,250 IA : 1,160 : 14,240 : 15,400 KS : 150 : 1,310 : 1,460 MI : 120 : 860 : 980 MN : 560 : 4,940 : 5,500 MO : 410 : 2,740 : 3,150 NE : 390 : 2,610 : 3,000 NC : 1,000 : 8,500 : 9,500 OH : 170 : 1,310 : 1,480 OK : 310 : 1,950 : 2,260 PA : 120 : 930 : 1,050 SD : 120 : 1,140 : 1,260 TX : 80 : 790 : 870 WI : 65 : 505 : 570 : : : Other : : : States 1/: 479 : 3,459 : 3,937 : : : : : : US : 6,244 : 53,094 : 59,337 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual state estimates not available for the 33 other states. Number of Summarized Reports All Swine, Insecticide Use U.S., 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------ Treatment : United Site : States ------------------------------------------------------------ : Number : All Swine : 650 ------------------------------------------------------------ All Swine Facilities, Insecticide Use U.S., 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------ Treatment : United Site : States ------------------------------------------------------------ : Number : All Swine Facilities : 914 ------------------------------------------------------------ Highlights All Swine: Agricultural producers applied 49,950 pounds of insecticides to hogs and pigs in the 17 surveyed States in 1999. Piperonyl butoxide, at 16,749 pounds, was the top active ingredient used on swine with respect to total quantity used, followed by amitraz at 12,260 pounds and malathion at 8,270 pounds. These three active ingredients accounted for 75 percent of the U.S. total pounds of active ingredients applied to swine in 1999. Of the total chemical applications made to swine in 1999 in the 17 selected States, 52 percent were applied by spray, 26 percent by injection, 11 percent as pour-on, 9 percent through feed additives, and 1 percent by dust bag. All other methods accounted for the remaining 1 percent of the chemical applications. All Swine Facilities: In the 17 surveyed States, a total of 6,287 pounds of insecticides was applied to hog and pig facilities in 1999. Malathion had the highest quantity used at 1,133 pounds. Permethrin had the second highest quantity used at 1,099 pounds followed by piperonyl butoxide at 609 pounds. All Swine, Insecticide Use, 1999 Total Amount Applied ------------------------------------------------------------ : United : States ------------------------------------------------------------ : Pounds : All Swine : 49,950 ------------------------------------------------------------ All Swine Facilities, Insecticide Use, 1999 Total Amount Applied ------------------------------------------------------------ : United : States ------------------------------------------------------------ : Pounds : All Swine Facilities : 6,287 ------------------------------------------------------------ All Swine: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Total Applied, U.S., 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------ Agricultural : United Chemical : States ------------------------------------------------------------ : Pounds : Insecticides: : Amitraz : 12,260 Carbaryl : * Coumaphos : 10 Dichlorvos : 174 Doramectin : 16 Famphur : * Fenthion : 207 Fenvalerate : 63 Ivermectin : 1,430 Malathion : 8,270 Methoprene : * Moxidectin : * N-octy-bicycloheptene : * Permethrin : 505 Petroleum distillate : 680 Phosmet : 5,760 Piperonyl butoxide : 16,749 Pyrethrins : 3,227 Ronnel : * Tetrachlorvinphos : 349 Trichlorfon : * Xylene : * : Total Insecticides : 49,950 ------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient number of reports to publish data. All Swine: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Rate per Head per Application, U.S., 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------ Agricultural : United Chemical : States ------------------------------------------------------------ : Grams : Insecticides: : Amitraz : 1.8 Carbaryl : * Coumaphos : 0.1 Dichlorvos : 0.6 Doramectin : 0.02 Famphur : * Fenthion : 1.8 Fenvalerate : 0.3 Ivermectin : 0.2 Malathion : 30.1 Methoprene : * Moxidectin : * N-octy-bicycloheptene : * Permethrin : 0.3 Petroleum distillate : 2.6 Phosmet : 0.9 Piperonyl butoxide : 7.7 Pyrethrins : 1.5 Ronnel : * Tetrachlorvinphos : 1.0 Trichlorfon : * Xylene : * ------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient number of reports to publish data. All Swine: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Rate per Head per Year, U.S., 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------ Agricultural : United Chemical : States ------------------------------------------------------------ : Grams : Insecticides: : Amitraz : 8.1 Carbaryl : * Coumaphos : 0.2 Dichlorvos : 1.9 Doramectin : 0.02 Famphur : * Fenthion : 3.1 Fenvalerate : 0.6 Ivermectin : 0.4 Malathion : 181.5 Methoprene : * Moxidectin : * N-octy-bicycloheptene : * Permethrin : 1.0 Petroleum distillate : 6.7 Phosmet : 2.3 Piperonyl butoxide : 12.2 Pyrethrins : 2.4 Ronnel : * Tetrachlorvinphos : 14.5 Trichlorfon : * Xylene : * ------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient number of reports to publish data. All Swine Facilities: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Total Applied, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------ Agricultural : United Chemicals : States ------------------------------------------------------------ : Pounds : Insecticides: : Abamectin : * Acephate : * Amitraz : 248 Bomyl : * Butoxypolypropylene glycol : * Carbaryl : * Chlorpyrifos : Coumaphos : * Cyfluthrin : 140 Cypermethrin : * Cyromazine : * Diazinon : 527 Dichlorvos : 207 Dimethoate : * Eprinomectin : * Fenvalerate : 113 Hydramethylnon : * Lambda-cyhalothrin : 161 Malathion : 1,133 Methomyl : 69 Methoprene : * Methoxychlor : * N-octy-bicycloheptene : 63 Naled : * Permethrin : 1,099 Petroleum distillate : 577 Phosmet : 20 Piperonyl butoxide : 609 Pyrethrins : 126 Pyriproxyfen : * Ronnel : 7 Tetrachlorvinphos : 599 Tetramethrin : * Trichlorfon : * Tricosene : 1 : Total Insecticides : 6,287 ------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient number of reports to publish data. All Swine: Chemical Applications Percent of Total Applications by Method of Application, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------ Method : All Swine ------------------------------------------------------------ : Percent : Spray : 52.2 Injection : 25.7 Feed Additive : 8.8 Pour-On : 11.2 Dust Bags : 1.1 Other : 1.0 : Total : 100.0 ------------------------------------------------------------ Survey Procedures: The estimates in this report are based on the 2000 National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) Swine Survey conducted in June 2000. This survey was based on a sample of pre-screened operators meeting the criteria of 100 or more hogs and pigs on their operations. Enumerators conducting the survey collected a variety of information including swine insecticide applications for respondents' entire operations. Data were collected in the headquarter's State for each selected operation. Estimation Procedures: The chemical application data, reported by product name or trade name, are reviewed within States and across States for reasonableness and consistency. This review also compares reported data with manufacturer's recommendations and with data from other farm operators using the same product. Following this review, product information are converted to an active ingredient level. The chemical usage estimates in this publication consist of survey estimates of those active ingredients. Data in this report are published at the U.S. level only. Detailed data within a table may not sum to totals due to independent rounding of published values. Reliability: The survey was designed so that the estimates are statistically representative of chemical use on swine and swine facilities. The reliability of these survey results is affected by sampling variability and non-sampling errors. The results of this survey are subject to sampling variability. Sampling variability is a measure of how the estimates would differ if other samples had been drawn. The sampling variability expressed as a percent of the estimate is called the coefficient of variation (cv). Sampling variability of the estimates differed considerably by chemical. In general, the more often the chemical was applied, the smaller the sampling variability. For example, estimates of use of a commonly used product, such as ivermectin, will exhibit less variability than a more rarely used product. For more commonly used chemicals, cv's will range from 10-90 percent at the U.S. level. Some rare items could have cv's above 100 percent. These rare items have an insufficient number of reports for publication and are noted with an asterisk (*). Non-sampling errors occur during a survey process, and unlike sampling variability, are difficult to measure. They may be caused by interviewers failing to follow instructions, poorly worded questions, non-response, problematic survey procedures, or data handling mistakes between collection and publication. In this survey, all survey procedures and analyses were carried out in a consistent and orderly manner to minimize the occurrence of these types of errors. Terms and Definitions Active ingredient: The active ingredient is the specific chemical which kills or controls the target pests. Usage data are reported by pesticide product and are converted to an amount of active ingredient. Agricultural chemicals: The phrase agricultural chemicals refers to the active ingredients in fertilizers and pesticides. Carrier: An inert liquid, solid, or gas added to an active ingredient to make a pesticide dispense effectively. A carrier is also the material, usually water or oil, used to dilute the formulated product for application. Common name: The common name is an officially recognized name for an active ingredient. This report shows active ingredient by common name. Diluent: Any liquid or solid material used to dilute or carry an active ingredient. Farm: Any establishment from which $1,000 or more of agricultural products were sold or would normally be sold during the year. Government payments are included in sales. Places with all acreage enrolled in set aside or other government programs are considered operating. Pesticides: As defined by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA); include any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any pest, and any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant. Repellent: A pesticide used to keep target pests away from a treated area by saturating the area with an odor that is disagreeable to the pest. Synergist: A material which exhibits synergism. The joint action of different agents results in an effect greater than the sum of their separate effects. Trade name: A trademark name given to a specific formulation of a pesticide product. A formulation contains a specific concentration of the active ingredient, carrier materials, and other ingredients such as emulsifiers and wetting agents. Some formulations as in the case of pre-mixes, can contain more than one active ingredient. Trade Name, Active Ingredient, and Pesticide Class The following is a list of the associated class, (I=insecticide) and active ingredients included in this report. Also provided are product trade names associated with the listed active ingredients reported in the survey. This list is provided as an aid in reviewing pesticide data. The list is not complete for all trade names used and NASS does not mean to imply the use of any specific trade name. Class : Active Ingredient : Trade Name I Abamectin Fatal Attraction I Acephate Orthene I Amitraz Taktic, Point-Guard I Bomyl Purina Fly Bait I Butoxypolypropylene glycol Repel X, Straight Arrow Fly Spray I Carbaryl Hopkins Poultry Spray, Sevin I Chlorpyrifos CSA Screwworm Spray, Duratrol, Dursban, Lorsban, Max-Con /Warrior Tags I Coumaphos Co-Ral I Cyfluthrin Countdown, Cutter Tags, Cylence, Tempo I Cypermethrin Demon, Max-Con /ZetaGard Tags I Cyromazine Larvadex I Diazinon Diazinon, Optimizer /Patriot/ Terminator/Turbo /Warrior Tags I Dichlorvos several I Dimethoate Cygon I Doramectin Dectomax I Eprinomectin Eprinex I Famphur Warbex I Fenthion Cutter Tags, Lysoff, Spotton, Tiguvon I Fenvalerate Ectrin I Hydramethylnon Amdro I Ivermectin Ivomec I Lambda-cyhalothrin several I Malathion Malathion I Methomyl Apache/Die Fly /Stimukil Fly Bait, Tailspin I Methoprene Altosid, Diacon, MoorMan I Methoxychlor Marlate, Methoxychlor, Sur-Noxem I Naled Fly Killer D --continued Class : Active Ingredient : Trade Name I Permethrin several I Petroleum distillate Ciovap, Co-Ral, Stock Tox, Vapona I Phosmet Del-Phos, Prolate I Piperonyl butoxide several I Pyrethrins several I Moxidectin Cydectin I N-octy-bicycloheptene several I Pyriproxyfen Bio Flea Halt Fogger I Ronnel Golden Marlin Fly Bait I Tetrachlorvinphos Insectaban, Rabon, Ravap, Vigortone I Tetramethrin Raid I Trichlorfon Dipterex, Neguvon, Starbar I Tricosene Stimukil Fly Bait I Xylene Stock Tox, Warbex Index All Swine Chemical Use Tables Page All Swine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 8, 9 All Swine Facilities Chemical Use Tables All Swine Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Swine Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Estimation Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Methods of Chemical Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Number of Summarized Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Report Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Survey Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Survey Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Trade Name, Active Ingredients, and Pesticide Class . . . . . . . . . . 14 Report Features Listed below are persons within the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. Michelle Radice, Environmental Statistician (202) 690-2284 Norman Bennett, Head, Environmental and Demographics Section (202) 720-0684 Linda Hutton, Chief, Economics, Environmental and Demographics Branch (202) 720-6146 The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA's TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C., 20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. 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