Agricultural Prices ISSN: 1937-4216 Released March 31, 2023, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). February Prices Received Index Up 1.7 Percent The February Prices Received Index 2011 Base (Agricultural Production), at 126.7, increased 1.7 percent from January and 5.7 percent from February 2022. At 120.7, the Crop Production Index was up 2.3 percent from last month and 5.6 percent from the previous year. The Livestock Production Index, at 133.3, decreased 2.3 percent from January, but increased 5.6 percent from February last year. Producers received higher prices during February for soybeans, corn, cattle, and cauliflower but lower prices for market eggs, milk, celery, and strawberries. In addition to prices, the volume change of commodities marketed also influences the indexes. In February, there was increased monthly movement for cattle, milk, broilers, and greenhouse & nursery and decreased marketing of corn, soybeans, wheat, and tobacco. February Prices Paid Index Unchanged The February Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 138.9, is unchanged from January 2023 but up 5.2 percent from February 2022. Lower prices in February for nitrogen, diesel, supplements, and other machinery offset higher prices for feeder cattle, concentrates, feed grains, and other services. Prices Received, Prices Paid, and Ratio of Prices Received to Prices Paid Indexes 2011 Base - United States: February 2023 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : February : January : February Index Group : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : percent percent percent : : Prices received by farmers ...............: 119.9 124.6 126.7 : Prices paid by farmers ...................: 132.0 138.9 138.9 : Ratio of prices received to prices paid ..: 91 90 91 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Contents Prices Received by Farmers.................................................................................... 3 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base - United States: February 2023 with Comparisons............................ 4 Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base - United States: February 2023 with Comparisons....................... 4 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2022 and 2023................ 4 Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2022 and 2023.................... 5 Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits - United States: February 2023 with Comparisons.................... 6 Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock - United States: February 2023 with Comparisons.................. 7 Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month - United States: 2023 with Comparisons............. 8 Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month - United States: 2023 with Comparisons.................. 8 Prices Received for All Wheat - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons...................... 9 Prices Received for Winter Wheat - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons................... 9 Prices Received for Durum Wheat - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons.................... 10 Prices Received for Spring Wheat - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons................... 10 Prices Received for Oats - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons........................... 10 Prices Received for All Barley - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons..................... 11 Prices Received for Malting Barley - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons................. 11 Prices Received for Feed Barley - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons.................... 11 Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons........................... 12 Prices Received for Sorghum Grain - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons.................. 12 Prices Received for Soybeans - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons....................... 13 Prices Received for Dry Beans - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons...................... 13 Prices Received for Canola - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons......................... 14 Prices Received for Flaxseed - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons....................... 14 Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons............. 14 Prices Received for Sunflower - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons...................... 14 Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons........................................................................................... 15 Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice - United States: February 2023 with Comparisons..... 15 Prices Received for Hay by Type - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons.................... 16 Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay - States and 5-State Total: February 2023................. 16 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: February 2022.................... 17 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: January 2023..................... 17 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: February 2023.................... 17 Prices Received for All Milk - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons....................... 18 Prices Received for Milk Cows - States and United States: January 2023 with Comparisons....................... 18 Parity Price Overview......................................................................................... 19 Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price - United States: February 2023 with Comparisons.. 20 Commodity Parity Prices - United States: February 2023 with Comparisons....................................... 21 Reliability of Prices Received Estimates...................................................................... 23 Prices Paid by Farmers........................................................................................ 24 Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios - United States: February 2023 with Comparisons................. 25 Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components - United States: February 2023 with Comparisons............................................................................. 26 Feed Price Ratios - United States: February 2023 with Comparisons............................................. 27 Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios - United States: February 2023 with Comparisons........... 27 Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: February 2023 with Comparisons.............................. 27 Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates.......................................................................... 28 Information Contacts.......................................................................................... 29 February Prices Received by Farmers Crop production: The February index, at 120.7, is 2.3 percent higher than January and 5.6 percent higher than February 2022. The grain & oilseed and other crop index increases more than offset the fruit & tree nut and vegetable & melon index decreases. Grain and oilseed: The February index, at 116.7, is up 2.7 percent from January and 6.5 percent from February 2022. Oilseed and feed grain index increases more than offset the lower food grain index. Feed grain: The February index, at 113.4, increased 2.5 percent from last month and 12 percent from a year ago. The corn price, at $6.80 per bushel, is up 16 cents from last month and 71 cents from February 2022. Food grain: At 120.4, the index for February decreased 2.1 percent from the previous month but increased 0.1 percent from a year ago. The February price for all wheat, at $8.53 per bushel, is 29 cents lower than January and 63 cents lower than February 2022. The February price for rice, at $18.50 per cwt, is 60 cents lower than January but $2.90 higher than February 2022. Oilseed: At 120.5, the index for February increased 4.0 percent from January and 2.4 percent from February 2022. The soybean price, at $15.10 per bushel, is 60 cents higher than January and 40 cents higher than February a year earlier. Fruit and tree nut: The February index, at 141.8, is down 7.8 percent from January but up 6.2 percent from a year earlier. Price decreases during February for strawberries, lemons, oranges, and grapefruit more than offset price increases for pears. Vegetable and melon: At 155.0, the index for February is down 9.4 percent from the previous month but up 19 percent from February 2022. Price decreases during February for celery, broccoli, lettuce, and onions more than offset price increases for cauliflower, sweet corn, and cucumbers. Other crop: The February index, at 110.9, is up 2.6 percent from the previous month and 0.2 percent from February 2022. The all hay price, at $231.00 per ton, is $3.00 higher than January and $36.00 higher than February 2022. At 79.8 cents per pound, the price for upland cotton is 0.4 cents lower than January and 18.8 cents lower than February 2022. Livestock production: The index for February, at 133.3, decreased 2.3 percent from the previous month but increased 5.6 percent from February a year earlier. Dairy and poultry & egg index decreases more than offset the higher meat animal index. Meat animal: At 124.3, the February index increased 1.7 percent from the previous month and 7.0 percent from a year earlier. At $59.60 per cwt, the February hog price is $1.10 higher than January but $9.00 lower than a year earlier. The February beef cattle price of $158.00 per cwt is $2.00 higher than the previous month and $21.00 higher than February 2022. Dairy: The index for February, at 107.5, is down 6.4 percent from the previous month and 13 percent from February a year ago. The February all milk price of $21.60 per cwt is $1.50 lower than January and $3.10 lower than February 2022. Poultry and egg: At 180.0, the February index decreased 4.6 percent from January but increased 17 percent from February 2022. The February market egg price, at $2.46 per dozen, is 46.0 cents lower than January but $1.25 higher than February 2022. The February broiler price, at 70.8 cents per pound, is 0.3 cent higher than January but 3.9 cents lower than a year ago. At $1.17 per pound, the February turkey price is 3.0 cents lower than the previous month but 27.2 cents higher than February 2022. Food Commodities: The index, at 132.2, increased 0.1 percent from the previous month and 5.4 percent from February 2022. Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base - United States: February 2023 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] -------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :----------------------------------- : February : January : February Index Group : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Agricultural production ........: 119.9 124.6 126.7 Crop production ..............: 114.3 118.0 120.7 Grain and oilseed ..........: 109.6 113.6 116.7 Feed grain ...............: 101.7 110.6 113.4 Food grain ...............: 120.3 123.0 120.4 Oilseed ..................: 117.7 115.9 120.5 Fruit and tree nut .........: 133.5 153.8 141.8 Vegetable and melon ........: 130.1 171.0 155.0 Other crop .................: 110.7 108.1 110.9 : Livestock production .........: 126.2 136.4 133.3 Meat animal ................: 116.2 122.2 124.3 Cattle ...................: 120.4 136.6 138.4 Hog ......................: 103.2 88.0 89.6 Dairy ......................: 122.9 114.9 107.5 Poultry and egg ............: 154.3 188.6 180.0 : Food commodity .................: 125.4 132.1 132.2 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base - United States: February 2023 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] -------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910 - 1914 Base :----------------------------------- : February : January : February Index Group : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Agricultural production ........: 1237 1285 1308 Crop production ..............: 996 1029 1053 Livestock production .........: 1465 1584 1548 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2022 and 2023 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :--------------------------------------------------------------- Month : Agricultural : Crop : Livestock : Food : production : production : production : commodities :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- : January .......: 111.8 124.6 104.8 118.0 124.3 136.4 118.9 132.1 February ......: 119.9 126.7 114.3 120.7 126.2 133.3 125.4 132.2 March .........: 127.4 120.7 134.5 133.5 April .........: 133.8 122.5 145.2 139.6 May ...........: 134.8 123.3 146.0 140.5 June ..........: 135.0 125.8 145.0 140.3 July ..........: 133.9 124.5 145.9 138.9 August ........: 131.4 128.5 134.7 135.3 September .....: 131.1 126.9 136.4 135.3 October .......: 127.7 121.8 139.0 133.7 November ......: 133.4 127.1 143.4 145.3 December ......: 138.0 128.8 151.0 150.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2022 and 2023 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :--------------------------------------------------------------- Month : All items : : Crop : Livestock : (PPITW) : Production : sector : sector :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- : January .......: 129.9 138.9 127.6 137.8 130.5 137.6 129.3 140.2 February ......: 132.0 138.9 130.2 137.6 131.9 137.0 132.1 140.8 March .........: 133.9 132.5 133.6 134.2 April .........: 136.3 136.1 136.6 136.0 May ...........: 136.3 135.8 137.0 135.6 June ..........: 136.9 136.3 137.5 136.2 July ..........: 137.5 136.7 137.4 137.5 August ........: 138.1 137.6 137.6 138.6 September .....: 137.7 136.9 136.9 138.5 October .......: 137.6 136.6 137.0 138.1 November ......: 137.8 136.9 137.2 138.3 December ......: 137.8 137.0 137.0 138.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits - United States: February 2023 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2011 : : : Commodity : Base Price :February 2022 : January 2023 :February 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Field crops : Barley, all ...............dollars/bushel: 4.79 5.43 7.26 7.65 Feed .....................dollars/bushel: 4.59 6.05 6.36 6.64 Malting ..................dollars/bushel: 4.83 5.33 7.34 7.77 Beans, dry edible ............dollars/cwt: 34.60 43.80 39.60 39.60 Canola .......................dollars/cwt: 23.10 37.50 30.10 30.70 Chickpeas, all ...............dollars/cwt: 35.70 34.20 32.60 34.20 Large .......................dollars/cwt: 39.20 34.10 34.00 36.20 Small .......................dollars/cwt: 23.40 35.80 27.90 28.10 Corn ......................dollars/bushel: 6.02 6.09 6.64 6.80 : Cotton, Upland .............dollars/pound: 0.880 0.986 0.802 0.798 Cottonseed ...................dollars/ton: 131.00 256.00 316.00 332.00 Flaxseed ..................dollars/bushel: 14.20 27.50 17.70 16.20 Hay, all, baled ..............dollars/ton: 159.00 195.00 228.00 231.00 Alfalfa .....................dollars/ton: 176.00 220.00 263.00 266.00 Other .......................dollars/ton: 119.00 155.00 175.00 172.00 Lentils ......................dollars/cwt: 27.50 43.80 38.60 40.00 Oats ......................dollars/bushel: 3.42 6.05 4.33 4.02 Peanuts, in-shell ..........dollars/pound: 0.252 0.248 0.279 0.272 : Peas, dry edible .............dollars/cwt: 13.60 15.30 16.60 16.70 Rice, all ....................dollars/cwt: 13.70 15.60 19.10 18.50 Long ........................dollars/cwt: 12.30 13.70 16.90 17.30 Medium and short ............dollars/cwt: 18.40 26.30 27.60 26.40 Sorghum grain ................dollars/cwt: 10.70 11.90 11.90 12.10 Soybeans ..................dollars/bushel: 12.50 14.70 14.50 15.10 Sunflowers, all ..............dollars/cwt: 29.00 32.20 28.50 30.80 : Wheat, all ................dollars/bushel: 7.44 9.16 8.82 8.53 Winter ...................dollars/bushel: 6.93 8.51 8.32 8.33 Durum ....................dollars/bushel: 9.22 15.90 10.60 9.34 Other spring .............dollars/bushel: 8.33 9.16 9.06 8.70 Hard red winter ..........dollars/bushel: 7.07 8.33 8.46 8.74 Soft red winter ..........dollars/bushel: 6.77 7.82 8.00 7.77 Hard red spring ..........dollars/bushel: 8.38 9.18 9.07 8.78 White ....................dollars/bushel: 6.58 9.19 7.86 7.79 : Fruits : Citrus, equivalent on-tree : Grapefruit ..................dollars/box: 7.47 13.12 20.65 18.05 Lemons ......................dollars/box: 12.30 13.00 15.79 10.80 Oranges .....................dollars/box: 8.16 15.37 14.74 13.86 : Non-citrus, fresh 1/ : Apples ...................dollars/pound: 0.325 0.759 0.922 0.915 Grapes .....................dollars/ton: 598.00 (S) (S) (S) Peaches ....................dollars/ton: 507.00 (S) (S) (S) Pears ......................dollars/ton: 559.00 1,240.00 1,420.00 1,510.00 Strawberries ................dollars/cwt: 104.00 192.00 299.00 181.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis. Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock - United States: February 2023 with Comparisons [Price data source for potato, livestock, and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2011 : : : Commodity : Base Price :February 2022 : January 2023 :February 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Vegetables, fresh 1/ : Asparagus ....................dollars/cwt: 37.50 (S) (S) (S) Beans, snap ..................dollars/cwt: 69.00 74.80 106.00 80.60 Broccoli .....................dollars/cwt: 41.60 61.00 87.60 69.20 Cantaloupes ..................dollars/cwt: 16.50 (S) (S) (S) Carrots ......................dollars/cwt: 30.80 50.70 52.90 52.20 Cauliflower ..................dollars/cwt: 47.00 60.50 69.40 143.00 Celery .......................dollars/cwt: 22.50 49.90 162.00 67.00 Corn, sweet ..................dollars/cwt: 30.70 48.60 61.50 71.20 Cucumbers ....................dollars/cwt: 18.70 (S) (S) 36.40 Lettuce ......................dollars/cwt: 24.30 22.10 34.00 30.90 Onions 2/ ....................dollars/cwt: 11.90 46.50 30.50 27.60 Potatoes .....................dollars/cwt: 14.30 13.90 21.20 21.20 Tomatoes .....................dollars/cwt: 51.20 51.40 66.80 53.40 : Livestock : Calves .......................dollars/cwt: 142.00 194.00 209.00 217.00 Cattle, all beef .............dollars/cwt: 115.00 137.00 156.00 158.00 Cows 3/ .....................dollars/cwt: 71.60 77.90 81.70 89.50 Steers and heifers ..........dollars/cwt: 117.00 141.00 160.00 162.00 Milk cows 4/ ................dollars/head: 1,420.00 (NA) 1,720.00 (NA) Hogs, all ....................dollars/cwt: 66.50 68.60 58.50 59.60 Barrows and gilts ...........dollars/cwt: 66.80 68.80 59.30 59.70 Sows ........................dollars/cwt: 57.90 63.70 42.70 57.50 : Dairy and poultry : Milk, all 5/ .................dollars/cwt: 20.10 24.70 23.10 21.60 Fat test ........................percent: 4.21 4.18 4.23 4.21 Broilers, live 6/ ..........dollars/pound: 0.459 0.747 0.705 0.708 Eggs, all ..................dollars/dozen: 0.969 1.43 3.00 2.61 Market 7/ .................dollars/dozen: 0.796 1.21 2.92 2.46 Turkeys, live 8/ ...........dollars/pound: 0.680 0.898 1.20 1.17 : Adjusted for seasonal variation : Eggs, all ..................dollars/dozen: 0.979 1.46 2.95 2.68 Seasonal factor .................percent: 101 98 102 97 Milk, all ....................dollars/cwt: 20.20 25.50 23.00 22.30 Seasonal factor .................percent: 100 97 100 97 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis 2/ Includes some processing. 3/ Beef cows and cull dairy cows sold for slaughter. 4/ Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Prices available for January, April, July, and October. 5/ Before deductions for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies. 6/ Live weight equivalent price. 7/ Also referred to as table eggs. 8/ Live weight equivalent price is used when actual live weight price is not available. Beginning January 2011, price reflects FOB shipping point basis. Prior year price reflects delivered basis. Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month - United States: 2023 with Comparisons [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : All wheat : Corn : Soybeans Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per bushel : January ....: 5.48 8.48 8.82 4.24 5.58 6.64 10.90 12.90 14.50 February ...: 5.83 9.16 8.53 4.75 6.09 6.80 12.70 14.70 15.10 March ......: 5.86 9.93 4.89 6.56 13.20 15.40 April ......: 6.04 10.20 5.31 7.07 13.90 15.80 May ........: 6.46 10.90 5.91 7.26 14.80 16.10 June .......: 6.23 9.55 6.00 7.38 14.50 16.40 July .......: 6.26 8.69 6.12 7.25 14.10 15.50 August .....: 7.14 8.55 6.32 7.24 13.70 15.30 September ..: 7.75 8.85 5.47 7.09 12.20 14.10 October ....: 7.92 9.21 5.02 6.50 11.90 13.50 November ...: 8.52 9.16 5.26 6.49 12.10 14.00 December ...: 8.59 8.98 5.47 6.58 12.50 14.40 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month - United States: 2023 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Beef cattle 1/ : All hogs 2/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : January ..: 110.00 135.00 156.00 50.20 58.80 58.50 February .: 112.00 137.00 158.00 56.40 68.60 59.60 March ....: 113.00 139.00 67.20 75.10 April ....: 118.00 139.00 75.60 76.20 May ......: 118.00 141.00 79.30 75.90 June .....: 121.00 140.00 82.70 78.70 July .....: 122.00 142.00 80.00 83.00 August ...: 123.00 141.00 79.00 85.80 September : 124.00 143.00 70.80 73.80 October ..: 123.00 145.00 65.50 70.50 November .: 129.00 151.00 58.60 66.70 December .: 137.00 154.00 56.50 62.50 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Cows and steers & heifers. 2/ Barrows & gilts and sows. Prices Received for All Wheat - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2022 : January 2023 : February 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arizona ............: (S) (D) (S) Arkansas ...........: (S) 7.69 (D) California .........: (S) (D) (D) Colorado ...........: 7.95 8.30 8.35 Idaho ..............: 8.08 8.24 8.12 Illinois ...........: 7.41 8.30 7.77 Indiana ............: 7.89 7.90 7.73 Kansas .............: 8.30 8.37 8.62 Michigan ...........: 7.09 7.65 7.34 Minnesota ..........: 9.31 9.69 9.10 : Missouri ...........: 7.97 8.43 8.44 Montana ............: 9.92 8.99 9.09 Nebraska ...........: 8.37 8.26 8.22 North Carolina .....: 8.47 9.11 8.49 North Dakota .......: 9.80 8.99 8.71 Ohio ...............: 7.89 7.60 7.43 Oklahoma ...........: 8.32 8.31 8.40 Oregon .............: 10.20 (D) 8.28 South Dakota .......: 8.71 8.98 8.72 Texas ..............: 7.84 8.28 (D) Washington .........: 9.40 7.88 7.72 : United States ......: 9.16 8.82 8.53 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Winter Wheat - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2022 : January 2023 : February 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arkansas ...........: (S) 7.69 (D) California .........: (S) (D) (D) Colorado ...........: 7.95 8.30 8.35 Idaho ..............: 8.00 8.11 8.00 Illinois ...........: 7.41 8.30 7.77 Indiana ............: 7.89 7.90 7.73 Kansas .............: 8.30 8.37 8.62 Michigan ...........: 7.09 7.65 7.34 Missouri ...........: 7.97 8.43 8.44 : Montana ............: 8.39 8.72 9.08 Nebraska ...........: 8.37 8.26 8.22 North Carolina .....: 8.47 9.11 8.49 North Dakota .......: 9.04 8.81 8.15 Ohio ...............: 7.89 7.60 7.43 Oklahoma ...........: 8.32 8.31 8.40 Oregon .............: 10.20 (D) 8.28 South Dakota .......: 8.51 9.00 8.63 Texas ..............: 7.84 8.28 (D) Washington .........: 9.40 7.70 7.70 : United States ......: 8.51 8.32 8.33 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Durum Wheat - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2022 : January 2023 : February 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arizona ............: (S) (D) (S) California .........: (S) (D) (D) Idaho ..............: (S) (S) (S) Montana ............: (D) (D) (S) North Dakota .......: 15.30 10.10 9.35 : United States ......: 15.90 10.60 9.34 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Spring Wheat - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2022 : January 2023 : February 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Idaho ..............: 8.24 8.57 8.44 Minnesota ..........: 9.31 9.69 9.10 Montana ............: 9.44 8.72 9.16 North Dakota .......: 9.04 8.93 8.60 South Dakota .......: 8.91 8.96 8.81 Washington .........: 9.38 8.50 7.86 : United States ......: 9.16 9.06 8.70 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Oats - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2022 : January 2023 : February 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Illinois ...........: (S) (D) (D) Iowa ...............: 6.48 5.26 (D) Michigan ...........: 4.81 5.05 (D) Minnesota ..........: 5.69 4.37 3.50 Montana ............: (S) (S) (S) Nebraska ...........: (D) (D) (D) New York ...........: (S) (S) (S) North Dakota .......: 4.98 3.62 3.85 Oregon .............: (S) (S) (S) Pennsylvania .......: (D) (D) 4.79 South Dakota .......: 7.02 4.22 4.26 Texas ..............: (S) (S) (S) Wisconsin ..........: 6.22 4.55 4.58 : United States ......: 6.05 4.33 4.02 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for All Barley - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2022 : January 2023 : February 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California .........: (D) (S) (S) Colorado ...........: 4.95 6.84 7.25 Idaho ..............: 5.38 7.31 7.84 Minnesota ..........: (D) (D) (D) Montana ............: 6.67 7.51 7.53 North Dakota .......: 5.47 7.18 7.47 Washington .........: 5.44 (D) 8.07 Wyoming ............: 5.00 7.31 7.37 : United States ......: 5.43 7.26 7.65 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Malting Barley - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2022 : January 2023 : February 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California .........: (S) (S) (S) Colorado ...........: 4.92 6.84 7.25 Idaho ..............: 5.37 7.36 7.88 Minnesota ..........: (D) (D) (D) Montana ............: 6.39 (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 5.35 7.35 7.73 Washington .........: (S) (D) (D) Wyoming ............: 5.00 7.31 (D) : United States ......: 5.33 7.34 7.77 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Feed Barley - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2022 : January 2023 : February 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California .........: (D) (S) (S) Colorado ...........: (D) (S) (S) Idaho ..............: 5.61 6.17 5.89 Minnesota ..........: (D) (S) (S) Montana ............: (D) (S) (D) North Dakota .......: 5.86 6.41 6.76 Washington .........: 5.44 (D) 5.72 Wyoming ............: (S) (S) (S) : United States ......: 6.05 6.36 6.64 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2022 : January 2023 : February 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Colorado ...........: 6.30 7.29 7.72 Illinois ...........: 6.23 6.47 6.65 Indiana ............: 6.14 6.60 6.69 Iowa ...............: 6.11 6.74 6.83 Kansas .............: 6.40 7.21 7.35 Kentucky ...........: 6.07 6.84 7.05 Michigan ...........: 5.88 6.39 6.55 Minnesota ..........: 5.86 6.47 6.62 Missouri ...........: 6.16 7.03 6.91 Nebraska ...........: 5.94 6.93 7.05 : North Carolina .....: 7.06 7.51 7.62 North Dakota .......: 5.90 6.19 6.45 Ohio ...............: 5.95 6.42 6.49 Pennsylvania .......: 6.76 7.24 7.23 South Dakota .......: 6.09 6.60 6.75 Tennessee ..........: 6.09 7.01 7.20 Texas ..............: 6.83 8.04 7.86 Wisconsin ..........: 5.84 6.20 6.34 : United States ......: 6.09 6.64 6.80 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Sorghum Grain - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2022 : January 2023 : February 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Kansas .............: 11.80 12.00 12.50 Nebraska ...........: 11.90 11.40 12.60 Oklahoma ...........: 11.60 12.20 (D) Texas ..............: 12.30 11.60 10.90 : United States ......: 11.90 11.90 12.10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Soybeans - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2022 : January 2023 : February 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arkansas ...........: (D) 14.70 14.80 Illinois ...........: 14.70 14.30 15.10 Indiana ............: 14.60 14.30 15.10 Iowa ...............: 14.50 14.60 15.00 Kansas .............: 14.80 14.70 15.10 Kentucky ...........: 14.10 14.50 15.00 Louisiana ..........: 14.80 14.00 14.30 Michigan ...........: 15.80 15.30 15.10 Minnesota ..........: 14.80 14.60 15.10 Mississippi ........: 14.70 (D) (D) : Missouri ...........: 14.80 15.00 15.30 Nebraska ...........: 14.70 14.60 15.10 North Carolina .....: 14.60 14.70 15.10 North Dakota .......: 14.30 14.00 14.40 Ohio ...............: 14.90 14.80 15.40 South Dakota .......: 14.80 14.40 14.90 Tennessee ..........: 14.70 14.30 15.20 Wisconsin ..........: 14.70 14.10 14.80 : United States ......: 14.70 14.50 15.10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Dry Beans - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2022 : January 2023 : February 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : California .........: (D) (D) (D) Colorado ...........: 45.30 48.80 40.10 Idaho ..............: (D) (D) (D) Michigan ...........: 44.90 42.10 (D) Minnesota ..........: 44.50 37.50 40.90 Nebraska ...........: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 45.90 35.80 37.40 : United States ......: 43.80 39.60 39.60 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Canola - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2022 : January 2023 : February 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Minnesota ..........: (D) (D) (S) Montana ............: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 37.80 30.10 30.70 Oklahoma ...........: (S) (S) (S) : United States ......: 37.50 30.10 30.70 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Flaxseed - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2022 : January 2023 : February 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : North Dakota .......: 27.50 17.70 16.20 : United States ......: 27.50 17.70 16.20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2022 : January 2023 : February 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per pound : Alabama ............: 0.255 0.279 0.309 Arkansas ...........: (S) (S) (S) Florida ............: 0.249 0.277 0.283 Georgia ............: 0.238 0.258 0.258 Mississippi ........: 0.263 (S) 0.226 New Mexico .........: (S) (S) (S) North Carolina .....: 0.274 0.273 0.289 Oklahoma ...........: 0.297 0.276 0.346 South Carolina .....: 0.256 0.251 0.260 Texas ..............: 0.300 0.444 0.352 Virginia ...........: 0.252 0.267 0.271 : United States ......: 0.248 0.279 0.272 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Sunflower - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2022 : January 2023 : February 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Kansas .............: (D) (D) (D) Minnesota ..........: 30.00 28.20 (D) North Dakota .......: 31.90 30.70 32.80 South Dakota .......: 33.10 24.60 25.20 : United States ......: 32.20 28.50 30.80 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons [Cottonseed marketing year August - February] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cotton, Upland : Cottonseed State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : February : January : February : February : January : February : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- dollars per pound -------- --------- dollars per ton -------- : Alabama ............: (D) 0.926 0.889 148.00 174.00 290.00 Arizona ............: (D) (D) (D) 381.00 438.00 323.00 Arkansas ...........: (D) 0.705 (D) (S) (S) (S) California .........: (D) (S) (D) (S) (S) (S) Georgia ............: 1.020 0.894 0.914 189.00 251.00 297.00 Louisiana ..........: (S) 0.794 (D) (S) (S) (S) Mississippi ........: (S) 0.834 (D) (S) (S) (S) North Carolina .....: (D) (D) 0.913 208.00 285.00 290.00 Tennessee ..........: 0.971 (D) 0.810 (S) 300.00 (S) Texas ..............: 0.988 0.816 0.765 252.00 400.00 400.00 : United States ......: 0.986 0.802 0.798 256.00 316.00 332.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice - United States: February 2023 with Comparisons ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : February 2022 : January 2023 : February 2023 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cotton, Upland : Average price ......dollars/pound: 0.986 0.802 0.798 Marketings 1/ ........1,000 bales: 1,283 1,711 945 : Rice, all : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 15.60 19.10 18.50 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 13,781 18,648 10,731 : Rice, long : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 13.70 16.90 17.30 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 11,650 14,223 9,342 : Rice, medium and short : California : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 31.70 31.00 32.10 : Other States 3/ : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 13.90 17.80 18.20 : United States : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 26.30 27.60 26.40 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 2,131 4,425 1,389 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Marketings based on a survey of cotton buyers in the major producing States - Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. 2/ Purchases by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped by cooperatives. 3/ Other States include Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas. Prices Received for Hay by Type - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All hay : Alfalfa hay : Other hay State :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : February : January : February : February : January : February : February : January : February : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per ton : Arizona ..............: 263.00 354.00 354.00 265.00 355.00 355.00 210.00 245.00 245.00 California ...........: 277.00 346.00 333.00 275.00 360.00 345.00 280.00 310.00 290.00 Colorado .............: 214.00 263.00 268.00 205.00 265.00 270.00 235.00 250.00 255.00 Idaho ................: 236.00 266.00 261.00 240.00 270.00 265.00 185.00 230.00 230.00 Illinois .............: 170.00 162.00 162.00 175.00 180.00 175.00 140.00 115.00 120.00 Iowa .................: 154.00 169.00 173.00 156.00 178.00 179.00 144.00 153.00 152.00 Kansas ...............: 165.00 239.00 240.00 185.00 275.00 280.00 107.00 155.00 155.00 Kentucky .............: 159.00 179.00 178.00 220.00 220.00 220.00 150.00 167.00 166.00 Michigan .............: 179.00 162.00 173.00 200.00 185.00 195.00 140.00 120.00 130.00 Minnesota ............: 183.00 157.00 164.00 193.00 163.00 175.00 152.00 145.00 141.00 : Missouri .............: 114.00 141.00 140.00 165.00 165.00 165.00 105.00 135.00 135.00 Montana ..............: 247.00 233.00 233.00 255.00 235.00 235.00 215.00 225.00 225.00 Nebraska .............: 147.00 188.00 196.00 162.00 206.00 220.00 102.00 140.00 135.00 Nevada ...............: 239.00 293.00 309.00 240.00 295.00 310.00 220.00 260.00 240.00 New Mexico ...........: 226.00 290.00 290.00 230.00 300.00 300.00 210.00 235.00 235.00 New York .............: 147.00 181.00 169.00 204.00 250.00 235.00 129.00 163.00 152.00 North Dakota .........: 165.00 106.00 123.00 186.00 110.00 129.00 109.00 87.00 91.00 Ohio .................: 161.00 168.00 178.00 190.00 185.00 195.00 150.00 155.00 165.00 Oklahoma .............: 113.00 154.00 144.00 189.00 264.00 257.00 100.00 140.00 122.00 Oregon ...............: 248.00 302.00 291.00 250.00 325.00 320.00 245.00 260.00 255.00 : Pennsylvania .........: 150.00 181.00 169.00 220.00 250.00 235.00 135.00 165.00 154.00 South Dakota .........: 160.00 160.00 163.00 174.00 175.00 175.00 121.00 135.00 135.00 Texas ................: 158.00 192.00 198.00 213.00 271.00 271.00 148.00 183.00 184.00 Utah .................: 258.00 304.00 299.00 260.00 305.00 300.00 195.00 250.00 245.00 Washington ...........: 252.00 316.00 311.00 245.00 335.00 325.00 275.00 280.00 280.00 Wisconsin ............: 155.00 155.00 156.00 160.00 163.00 169.00 129.00 116.00 109.00 Wyoming ..............: 225.00 234.00 234.00 230.00 240.00 240.00 195.00 215.00 215.00 : United States ........: 195.00 228.00 231.00 220.00 263.00 266.00 155.00 175.00 172.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay - States and 5-State Total: February 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : February 2022 : January 2023 : February 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per ton : California .........: 300.00 400.00 380.00 Idaho ..............: 280.00 305.00 300.00 Michigan ...........: 220.00 210.00 220.00 Minnesota ..........: 229.00 205.00 218.00 New York ...........: 284.00 303.00 298.00 Pennsylvania .......: 275.00 315.00 308.00 Texas ..............: 247.00 334.00 344.00 Wisconsin ..........: 243.00 193.00 202.00 : 5-State Total 1/ 2/ : 282.00 328.00 324.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ 5-State total represents a weighted (hay purchases) average price for the five largest milk producing States (based on the pounds of milk produced during the previous month). 2/ For February 2022, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. For January 2023, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. For February 2023, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: February 2022 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: 41.50 16.07 29.51 7.83 13.12 26.96 4.64 : Lemons ..............................: 44.30 19.26 33.65 (D) 13.00 26.73 (D) : Oranges .............................: 39.30 18.43 28.64 10.03 15.37 25.66 6.89 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: January 2023 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: 42.90 23.20 32.29 7.41 20.65 29.94 4.51 : Lemons ..............................: 42.30 22.26 31.68 (D) 15.79 24.76 (D) : Oranges .............................: 34.30 17.73 23.62 6.38 14.74 20.70 3.26 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: February 2023 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: 44.80 20.42 33.52 7.17 18.05 31.31 4.64 : Lemons ..............................: 40.50 17.07 29.89 (D) 10.80 22.97 (D) : Oranges .............................: 32.30 16.84 21.61 (D) 13.86 18.69 (D) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for All Milk - States and United States: February 2023 with Comparisons [Before deduction for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : February 2022 : January 2023 : February 2023 State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Price :Fat test : Price :Fat test : Price : Fat test ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :dollars per cwt percent dollars per cwt percent dollars per cwt percent : Arizona ............: 24.20 3.85 22.60 3.93 21.00 3.85 California .........: 24.90 4.14 23.90 4.23 22.20 4.18 Colorado ...........: 24.70 4.01 23.60 4.08 22.00 4.04 Florida ............: 27.50 3.73 27.10 3.82 26.00 3.78 Georgia ............: 26.90 3.81 26.80 3.92 25.60 3.87 Idaho ..............: 25.00 4.27 22.50 4.35 21.60 4.33 Illinois ...........: 24.60 4.20 23.30 4.26 21.80 4.22 Indiana ............: 24.60 4.13 23.90 4.13 22.70 4.13 Iowa ...............: 24.10 4.28 21.20 4.39 19.60 4.39 Kansas .............: 23.70 4.29 21.80 4.35 20.10 4.32 : Michigan ...........: 23.80 4.08 22.60 4.09 21.20 4.12 Minnesota ..........: 24.20 4.41 22.30 4.53 20.80 4.53 New Mexico .........: 22.90 4.02 20.80 4.06 19.20 4.04 New York ...........: 25.40 4.13 23.70 4.16 22.50 4.17 Ohio ...............: 24.10 4.11 23.90 4.13 22.60 4.12 Oregon .............: 26.30 4.37 25.70 4.47 24.60 4.40 Pennsylvania .......: 25.70 4.11 23.90 4.14 22.70 4.14 South Dakota .......: 25.80 4.67 24.30 4.72 21.90 4.68 Texas ..............: 25.20 4.42 23.00 4.36 21.30 4.35 Utah ...............: 24.70 4.11 23.00 4.14 21.60 4.12 : Vermont ............: 26.00 4.16 24.10 4.18 23.00 4.21 Virginia ...........: 26.30 4.05 26.70 4.09 25.30 4.04 Washington .........: 25.80 4.27 23.80 4.36 22.10 4.29 Wisconsin ..........: 24.00 4.17 22.00 4.19 20.40 4.19 : United States ......: 24.70 4.18 23.10 4.23 21.60 4.21 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Milk Cows - States and United States: January 2023 with Comparisons [Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Quarterly United States milk cow prices are based on revised milk cow inventory] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : January 2022 : October 2022 : January 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per head : Arizona ............: 1,500 1,700 1,850 California .........: 1,330 1,850 1,820 Colorado ...........: 1,400 1,700 1,700 Florida ............: 1,460 1,600 1,750 Georgia ............: 1,250 1,700 1,550 Idaho ..............: 1,350 1,600 1,600 Illinois ...........: 1,300 1,650 1,640 Indiana ............: 1,370 1,790 1,860 Iowa ...............: 1,380 1,750 1,670 Kansas .............: 1,450 1,600 1,700 : Michigan ...........: 1,410 1,760 1,800 Minnesota ..........: 1,320 1,630 1,560 New Mexico .........: 1,400 1,600 1,750 New York ...........: 1,330 1,670 1,720 Ohio ...............: 1,310 1,620 1,550 Oregon .............: 1,400 1,550 1,500 Pennsylvania .......: 1,400 1,750 1,800 South Dakota .......: 1,350 1,650 1,700 Texas ..............: 1,400 1,700 1,550 Utah ...............: 1,200 1,450 1,450 : Vermont ............: 1,460 1,800 1,760 Virginia ...........: 1,300 1,620 1,700 Washington .........: 1,400 1,550 1,500 Wisconsin ..........: 1,470 1,840 1,810 : United States ......: 1,380 1,730 1,720 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Parity Price Overview Parity prices, based on data from January 2022, and adjusted base price data from which parity prices are computed are presented in the tables on the following pages. Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III. Subtitle A, Section 301(a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, 1954, and 1956. The parity prices shown in this report are based on the provisions of the amended Act. Briefly, the actual method of computation is as follows: a. The average of prices received by farmers for individual commodities for the 10 preceding years is calculated (for 2022, the 10-average includes the years 2012-2021). An allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental payments resulting from price support programs, such as the deficiency payments for grains and cotton, is included for those commodities for which applicable. b. This 10-year average is divided by the average of the Index of Prices Received by Farmers for the same 10 preceding calendar years, adjusted to include an allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental price support operations, to give an "adjusted base price". c. Parity prices are computed by multiplying the "adjusted base prices" by the current Parity Index (the Index of Prices Paid by Farmers, including Interest, Taxes, and Wage Rates, 1910-1914=100). Parity prices are calculated in terms of prices received by farmers in the local markets in which they ordinarily sell. This means that the parity prices apply to the average of all classes and grades of the commodity as sold by all farmers in the United States, except as otherwise specified. Fruits and vegetables for fresh use and for processing are usually considered separate commodities and separate parity prices are calculated. The Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937 provided for parity prices for certain commodities covered by a marketing agreement or order program. Under present legislation, United States parity prices, with appropriate adjustments where needed, may be used for the purpose of this Act. Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price - United States: February 2023 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations. Parity data not available for blank cells. Primary source of data for livestock and milk prices is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Parity price : Price as percent :Adjusted : : : of parity Commodity and unit : base :----------------------------------------------------------- : price :February : January :February :February : January :February : : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------- dollars ------------- ------- percent ------ : Basic commodities : All wheat ............bushel: 0.544 18.20 20.50 20.40 50 43 42 Rice ....................cwt: 1.29 43.70 48.50 48.50 36 39 38 Corn .................bushel: 0.407 14.00 15.30 15.30 44 43 44 Cotton : Upland ..............pound: 0.066 2.25 2.48 2.48 44 32 32 American Pima .......pound: 0.133 4.30 5.00 5.00 28 49 49 Peanuts ...............pound: 0.021 0.752 0.790 0.789 33 35 34 Small chickpeas 1/ ......cwt: 2.26 76.50 85.00 84.90 47 33 33 Large chickpeas 1/ ......cwt: 2.76 97.00 104.00 104.00 35 33 35 Lentils 1/ ..............cwt: 2.33 75.50 87.70 87.50 58 44 46 : Designated non-basic : All milk, to plants 2/ ..cwt: 1.80 59.80 67.70 67.60 43 34 33 Honey, extracted 3/ ...pound: 0.198 6.76 7.45 7.44 39 40 40 : Wool and mohair : Wool ..................pound: 0.147 5.06 5.53 5.52 34 28 28 Mohair ................pound: 0.485 15.90 18.30 18.20 35 35 35 : Other non-basic : Apples, fresh 4/ ......pound: 0.045 1.430 1.690 1.690 53 55 54 Barley ...............bushel: 0.489 16.60 18.40 18.40 33 39 42 Canola ..................cwt: 1.82 61.10 68.50 68.40 61 44 45 Cottonseed ..............ton: 18.80 659.00 707.00 706.00 39 45 47 Dry edible beans ........cwt: 3.09 106.00 116.00 116.00 42 34 34 Flaxseed .............bushel: 1.19 37.90 44.80 44.70 73 40 36 Oats .................bushel: 0.301 9.84 11.30 11.30 61 38 36 Potatoes, fresh .........cwt: 1.07 37.20 40.30 40.20 37 53 53 Sorghum grain ...........cwt: 0.718 24.50 27.00 27.00 49 44 45 Soybeans .............bushel: 1.01 34.80 38.00 37.90 42 38 40 Sunflower, all ..........cwt: 2.06 69.00 77.50 77.40 47 37 40 : Citrus (equivalent on-tree) : Grapefruit ..............box: 1.02 32.00 38.40 38.30 41 54 47 Lemons ..................box: 2.09 69.30 78.60 78.50 19 20 14 Oranges .................box: 1.080 36.60 40.60 40.60 42 36 34 : Livestock and poultry : Beef cattle .............cwt: 11.80 400.00 444.00 443.00 34 35 36 Broilers ..............pound: 0.052 1.71 1.96 1.95 44 36 36 Calves ..................cwt: 17.30 591.00 651.00 650.00 33 32 33 Eggs 2/ ...............dozen: 0.111 3.38 4.18 4.17 43 71 64 Hogs ....................cwt: 5.50 187.00 207.00 207.00 37 28 29 Turkeys, live .........pound: 0.069 2.250 2.600 2.590 40 46 45 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Parity prices began January 2015. 2/ Seasonally adjusted price as percentage of parity price. 3/ Wholesale extracted. Adjusted base price derived from state annual averages prices weighted by production. For 1982 through 1985 the national averages are the support prices. 4/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York, Oregon, and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states. Commodity Parity Prices - United States: February 2023 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Parity price : Adjusted : : : Commodity and unit : base :----------------------------------------- : price : February : January : February : : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Field crops and miscellaneous : Hops ..............................pound: 0.481 15.60 18.10 18.10 Mustard seed ........................cwt: 2.94 104.00 111.00 110.00 Rapeseed ............................cwt: 2.37 85.40 89.20 89.00 Rye ..............................bushel: 0.598 21.20 22.50 22.50 Safflower ...........................cwt: 2.17 75.20 81.70 81.50 Spearmint oil .....................pound: 1.65 58.40 62.10 62.00 Sweet potatoes ......................cwt: 2.06 70.00 77.50 77.40 : Tobacco : Flue-cured, 11-14 ...............pound: 0.185 6.35 6.96 6.95 Fire-cured, 21-23 ...............pound: 0.251 8.71 9.45 9.43 Burley, 31 ......................pound: 0.184 6.35 6.92 6.91 Maryland, 32 ....................pound: 0.177 5.98 6.66 6.65 Dark air-cured, 35-37 ...........pound: 0.224 7.75 8.43 8.41 Pennsylvania seedleaf, 41 .......pound: 0.235 7.65 8.84 8.83 : Non-citrus fruit : Apples, processing 1/ 2/ ............ton: 20.70 704.00 779.00 777.00 Apricots, fresh 3/ ..................ton: 124.00 4,270.00 4,670.00 4,660.00 Avocados 2/ 3/ ......................ton: 188.00 6,320.00 7,070.00 7,060.00 Cherries : Sweet .............................ton: 207.00 7,310.00 7,790.00 7,770.00 Tart 2/ .........................pound: 0.032 1.020 1.200 1.200 Cranberry 2/ 4/ ..................barrel: 3.20 113.00 120.00 120.00 Dates (California) 3/ ...............ton: 238.00 7,520.00 8,960.00 8,940.00 : Grapes (California) : Wine, processing ..................ton: 81.00 2,710.00 3,050.00 3,040.00 Kiwifruit 2/ ........................ton: 141.00 4,370.00 5,310.00 5,300.00 Nectarines, fresh (California) 3/ ...ton: 87.90 2,880.00 3,310.00 3,300.00 Olives, canning (California) 4/ .....ton: 109.00 3,830.00 4,100.00 4,090.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Commodity Parity Prices - United States: February 2023 with Comparisons (continued) [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Parity price :Adjusted : : : Commodity and unit : base :-------------------------------------------- : price : February : January : February : : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars : Non-citrus fruit - continued : Papayas (Hawaii) .................pound: 0.045 1.43 1.69 1.69 Peaches, fresh 4/ 5/ ...............ton: 113.00 3,790.00 4,250.00 4,240.00 Pears, fresh 5/ ....................ton: 61.50 2,110.00 2,310.00 2,310.00 Plums (California) equivalent on-tree : Fresh 6/ .........................ton: 90.80 2,920.00 3,420.00 3,410.00 Strawberries : Fresh 7/ .......................pound: 10.40 348.00 391.00 391.00 Processing .....................pound: 4.12 135.00 155.00 155.00 : Sugar crops : Sugar beets 2/ 8/ ................ton: 3.97 156.00 149.00 149.00 Sugarcane 2/ 8/ ..................ton: 3.18 116.00 120.00 119.00 : Tree nuts 9/ : Almonds ..........................pound: 0.247 8.68 9.29 9.28 Hazelnuts ..........................ton: 223.00 7,860.00 8,390.00 8,380.00 Pistachios .......................pound: 0.253 8.64 9.52 9.50 Walnuts ............................ton: 206.00 7,690.00 7,750.00 7,740.00 : Vegetables, fresh 7/ : Carrots 10/ ........................cwt: 2.64 92.60 99.30 99.20 Cauliflower 10/ ....................cwt: 4.21 149.00 158.00 158.00 Celery 10/ .........................cwt: 2.13 72.80 80.20 80.00 Honeydew melons ....................cwt: 2.10 71.40 79.00 78.90 Lettuce ............................cwt: 2.64 90.90 99.30 99.20 Onions 10/ .........................cwt: 1.45 48.20 54.60 54.50 Tomatoes ...........................cwt: 4.07 139.00 153.00 153.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Equivalent returns at processing plant door. 2/ Adjusted base price is carried forward from the previous year since current marketing year average price is not yet available. 3/ Equivalent returns at packinghouse door. 4/ Equivalent returns for bulk fruit at first delivery point. 5/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York (apples only), Oregon (except Peaches), and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states. 6/ Based on "as sold" prices for fresh fruit in all states. 7/ FOB shipping point price. 8/ Relates to prices including average conditional payments per ton made under the sugar acts of 1937 and 1948. Crop deficiency and abandonment payments not included. 9/ Prices In-Shell basis except almonds which are shelled basis. 10/ Includes some processing. Reliability of Prices Received Estimates Definition: Prices received represent sales from producers to first buyers. They include all grades and qualities. The average commodity price from the survey multiplied by the total quantity marketed theoretically should give the total cash receipts for the commodity. Survey procedures: Primary sales data used to determine grain prices were obtained from probability samples of about 1,900 mills and elevators. These procedures ensure that virtually all grain moving into commercial channels has a chance of being included in the survey. Generally, States surveyed account for 90 percent or more of total United States production. Livestock prices are obtained from packers, stockyards, auctions, dealers, and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, and state commodity groups and agencies. Inter-farm sales of grain and livestock are not included since they represent very small percentages of the total sales. Grain marketed for seed is also excluded. Fruit and vegetable prices are obtained from sample surveys and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, state agencies, and universities. Summary and estimation procedures: Survey quantities sold are expanded by strata to state levels and used to weight average strata prices to a state average. State prices are then weighted to a United States price based on expanded sales. Recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. State recommendations are reviewed for reasonableness with survey data, other States, and recent historic estimates. Revisions: In general, revisions are made during annual commodity market year estimation time, following five-year Census revisions, or when later information is received. Revisions are published in monthly issues of Agricultural Prices. Reliability: United States price estimates based on probability surveys generally have a sampling error of less than one percent for the major commodities such as corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton, and rice. Current methods of summarization for non-probability commodities are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors at around five percent. Any non- sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non-sampling errors. Program Changes: See Price Program Links at the end of this report for details on program changes to the Prices Program methodology. February Prices Paid by Farmers The February Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 138.9, is unchanged from January 2023 but up 5.2 percent from February 2022. Production: The February index, at 137.6, is down 0.1 percent from January but up 5.7 percent from last year. Lower prices for nitrogen, diesel, supplements, and other machinery more than offset higher prices for feeder cattle, concentrates, feed grains, and other services. Feed: At 144.5, the February index increased 0.3 percent from January and 9.0 percent from last February. Since January, higher prices for concentrates, feed grains, complete feeds, and hay & forages more than offset lower prices for supplements. Livestock and poultry: The February index, at 136.4, increased 2.1 percent from January and 8.6 percent from last year. Since January, higher prices for feeder cattle more than offset lower prices for feeder pigs. The February feeder cattle price, at $189.00 per cwt, is up $6.00 per cwt from the January price. The February feeder pigs price, at $211.00 per cwt, is down $10.00 per cwt from January. Fertilizer: The index for February, at 119.4, is down 4.7 percent from January and 6.4 percent from February a year ago. Since January, prices are lower for nitrogen, mixed fertilizer, and potash & phosphate. Chemicals: The February index, at 141.2, is unchanged from January but up 23 percent from last February. Fuels: At 93.6, the February index is down 2.3 percent from January and 2.3 percent from February 2022. Compared with January, prices are lower for diesel and LP gas but higher for gasoline. Machinery: The index for February, at 176.3, decreased 1.0 percent from January but increased 6.6 percent from last February. Compared with last month, prices are lower for other machinery and tractors but unchanged for self-propelled machinery. Consumer Price Index: The February 2023 Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), as issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, increased 6.0 percent over the last 12 months to an index level of 300.840 (1982- 1984=100). For the month, the index increased 0.6 percent prior to seasonal adjustment. Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios - United States: February 2023 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910-1914 Base : 2011 Base Index Group :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- and : February : January : February : February : January : February Ratios : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Prices paid by farmers for : commodities, services, : interest, taxes, and wage : rates (PPITW) ...................: 3570 3756 3756 132.0 138.9 138.9 Production ....................: 2710 2867 2864 130.2 137.8 137.6 Feed ........................: 1459 1586 1591 132.6 144.1 144.5 Livestock and poultry .......: 2478 2636 2692 125.6 133.6 136.4 Seeds .......................: 3857 3857 3857 117.3 117.3 117.3 Fertilizer ..................: 1538 1510 1439 127.6 125.3 119.4 Chemicals ...................: 1034 1267 1267 115.2 141.2 141.2 Fuels .......................: 2679 2680 2618 95.8 95.8 93.6 Supplies and repairs ........: 1595 1672 1681 135.1 141.7 142.5 : Autos and trucks ............: 3727 3939 3951 121.2 128.1 128.5 Machinery ...................: 10103 10876 10771 165.4 178.0 176.3 Building materials ..........: 3725 3828 3833 160.0 164.5 164.7 Services and rent ...........: 2993 3138 3142 (NA) (NA) (NA) Services ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) 131.4 139.4 139.7 Rent ........................: (NA) (NA) (NA) 124.0 127.0 129.0 : Interest 1/ ...................: 4693 5205 5205 128.6 142.7 142.7 Taxes 2/ ......................: 8197 8532 8532 138.1 143.8 143.8 Wage rates ....................: 11286 11343 11343 157.6 158.4 158.4 Family living-CPI 3/ ..........: 2696 2843 2859 126.2 133.0 133.8 : Production, interest, taxes, : and wage rates (PITW) .........: 3749 3942 3938 133.0 139.8 139.7 : Ratio (received/paid) ...........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 91 90 91 Parity ratio 4/ .................: 35 34 35 (NA) (NA) (NA) Parity ratio adjusted 5/ ........: 36 35 36 (NA) (NA) (NA) PPITW adjusted for : productivity 6/ ...............: 2015 1989 1991 (NA) (NA) (NA) : Crop sector (PPITW) .............: (NA) (NA) (NA) 131.9 137.6 137.0 Livestock sector (PPITW) ........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 132.1 140.2 136.4 : Farm sector (production) ........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 127.4 136.1 137.3 Non-farm sector (production) ....: (NA) (NA) (NA) 132.0 138.9 137.8 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Interest per acre on farm real estate debt and interest rate on farm non-real estate debt. 2/ Farm real estate taxes payable per acre. 3/ Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (CPI-U), converted by the USDA. 4/ Ratio of index of prices received to PPITW (1910-1914=100). 5/ Based on estimated cash receipts, from marketings and government payments, the preliminary adjustment factor is updated annually. 6/ PPITW is adjusted based on productivity trend for the prior 15 years. Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components - United States: February 2023 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Relative weights are a five year moving average] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Relative weights : Indexes (2011=100) :------------------------------------------------------- Index Group : : :February : January :February : 2022 : 2023 1/ : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Production items ............: 72.5 74.105 111.3 127.6 137.6 : Feed ......................: 13.6 14.697 132.6 144.1 144.5 Feed grains .............: 1.9 2.102 104.4 112.0 114.5 Complete feeds ..........: 6.7 7.202 140.7 150.6 150.9 Hay and forages .........: 1.7 1.837 127.1 148.6 148.7 Concentrates ............: 2.2 2.322 131.0 139.3 141.8 Supplements .............: 1.1 1.235 144.0 163.2 157.6 Livestock and poultry .....: 9.6 9.752 125.6 133.6 136.4 Feeder cattle ...........: 7.5 7.597 121.2 133.6 138.0 Feeder pigs .............: 0.8 0.780 202.9 157.9 150.7 Milk cow replacements ...: 0.8 0.790 97.2 121.1 121.1 Poultry .................: 0.6 0.585 117.7 117.7 117.7 : Seeds .....................: 5.1 4.901 117.3 117.3 117.3 Field crops .............: 4.6 4.440 115.8 115.8 115.8 Grasses and legumes .....: 0.5 0.461 132.0 132.0 132.0 Fertilizer ................: 5.5 6.668 127.6 125.3 119.4 Mixed fertilizer ........: 2.4 2.934 113.0 126.5 124.3 Nitrogen ................: 2.3 2.801 149.8 134.3 123.0 Potash and phosphate ....: 0.8 0.934 107.1 94.5 93.3 Chemicals .................: 3.6 3.637 115.2 141.2 141.2 Herbicides ..............: 2.3 2.291 118.1 144.7 144.7 Insecticides ............: 0.8 0.837 110.7 135.6 135.6 Fungicides and other ....: 0.5 0.509 109.8 134.5 134.5 : Fuels .....................: 2.7 3.042 95.8 95.8 93.6 Diesel ..................: 1.7 1.893 91.1 103.4 99.7 Gasoline ................: 0.6 0.637 92.7 88.5 89.9 LP gas ..................: 0.5 0.511 117.0 77.0 75.7 Supplies and repairs ......: 4.5 4.392 135.1 141.7 142.5 Supplies ................: 1.5 1.471 137.6 144.8 145.0 Repairs .................: 3.0 2.920 133.9 140.2 141.2 Autos and trucks ..........: 1.2 1.140 121.2 128.1 128.5 Autos ...................: 0.2 0.148 115.1 122.0 122.3 Trucks ..................: 1.0 0.992 122.1 129.0 129.4 : Machinery .................: 4.3 4.827 165.4 178.0 176.3 Tractors ................: 0.9 1.062 139.9 148.4 146.9 Self-propelled ..........: 1.7 1.931 158.8 184.4 184.4 Other machinery .........: 1.6 1.834 187.0 188.5 184.9 Building materials ........: 3.6 3.648 160.0 164.5 164.7 Services ..................: 11.7 10.954 131.4 139.4 139.7 Custom rates ............: 1.2 1.128 126.0 126.0 126.0 Other services ..........: 10.5 9.826 132.0 140.9 141.3 Rent ......................: 7.0 6.448 124.0 127.0 127.0 Cash ....................: 3.8 3.463 126.1 129.0 129.0 Share ...................: 3.2 2.986 121.5 124.7 124.7 : Interest ....................: 2.2 2.095 128.6 142.7 142.7 Taxes .......................: 3.2 3.159 138.1 143.8 143.8 Wage rates ..................: 7.8 7.114 157.6 158.4 158.4 Family living-CPI ...........: 14.3 13.526 126.2 133.0 133.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Starting 2023, relative weights published to three decimals. Feed Price Ratios - United States: February 2023 with Comparisons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Feed price ratio 1/ :February 2022 : January 2023 :February 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Broiler-feed: pounds of broiler grower feed equal : in value to 1 pound of broiler, live weight 2/ ......: 4.5 4.1 4.0 : Market egg feed: pounds of laying feed equal in : value to 1 dozen eggs 3/ ............................: 8.5 19.6 16.0 : Hog-corn: bushels of corn equal in value to : 100 pounds of hog, live weight ......................: 11.3 8.8 8.8 : Milk-feed: pounds of 16% mixed dairy feed equal : in value to 1 pound of whole milk 4/ ................: 2.06 1.73 1.58 : Steer & heifer-corn: bushels of corn equal : in value to 100 pounds of steer & heifers, : live weight .......................................: 23.2 24.1 23.8 : Turkey-feed: pounds of turkey grower equal in : value to 1 pound of turkey, live weight 5/ ..........: 5.8 7.5 7.2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Effective January 1995, prices of commercial prepared feeds are based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, alfalfa hay, and all wheat. 2/ The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 58 percent corn and 42 percent soybeans. 3/ The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 75 percent corn and 25 percent soybeans. 4/ The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa. 5/ The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat. Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios - United States: February 2023 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item :February 2022 : January 2023 :February 2023 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Broilers, live ................pound: 0.747 0.705 0.708 Eggs, market ..................dozen: 1.21 2.92 2.46 : Hogs, all .......................cwt: 68.60 58.50 59.60 Milk, all .......................cwt: 24.70 23.10 21.60 : Steers and heifers ..............cwt: 141.00 160.00 162.00 Turkeys, live .................pound: 0.898 1.200 1.170 : Corn .........................bushel: 6.09 6.64 6.80 Hay, alfalfa ....................ton: 220.00 263.00 266.00 : Soybeans .....................bushel: 14.70 14.50 15.10 Wheat, all ...................bushel: 9.16 8.82 8.53 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: February 2023 with Comparisons [Price data source is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item :February 2022 : January 2023 :February 2023 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Feeder cattle & calves ..........cwt: 166.00 163.00 189.00 Feeder pigs .....................cwt: 284.00 221.00 211.00 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates Definition: Prices paid by farmers represent the average costs of inputs purchased by farmers and ranchers to produce agricultural commodities. Conceptually, the average price when multiplied by quantity purchased should equal total producer expenditures for the item. Survey procedures: The prices paid data are obtained from establishments that sell goods and services to farmers and ranchers. Annually, about 8,500 firms are randomly selected from lists by type of item sold with an average response rate in the range of 75-80 percent. Firms are asked to report the price for the specified item "most commonly bought by farmers" or that was the "volume seller". Approximately 135 items are surveyed each March to represent all production input items purchased. The survey reference period for all items is the full preceding calendar year. Separate prices paid surveys are conducted for agricultural chemicals, fuels, feed, fertilizer, machinery, and seed. Summary and estimation procedures: The annual March Prices Paid Survey is summarized as a non-probability survey. Average prices reported are aggregated to the region and United States level using weights available from expenditure data and other administrative sources. Price recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and Headquarters for review by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. Also, the change in price level for individual items surveyed are combined to the regional and United States levels, and are published as prices paid indexes referenced to a specific base period. Prices paid indexes for new autos and trucks, building materials, farm supplies, motor supplies, and marketing containers are updated based on price changes measured in selected Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) indexes. Revisions: Any revisions are published in the monthly and in annual issues of Agricultural Prices. The basis for revision must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. More revisions are likely for March when separate prices paid surveys are conducted, in lieu of BLS indexes, by the USDA to measure price change. Reliability: Current methods of summarization for the March data are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors for major items around 10 percent. Any non-sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non- sampling errors. Program Changes: See Price Program Links at the end of this report for details on program changes to the Prices Program methodology. Information Contacts General Tony Dorn, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch...................................... (202) 720-6146 Crop Prices Received Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch ........................................................................ (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section................................................................ (202) 720-2127 Joshua Bates - Hemp, Oats, Soybeans.................................................................... (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Barley................................................................................ (202) 690-1042 Michelle Harder - Hay.................................................................................. (202) 690-8533 Chris Hawthorn - Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet.......................................................... (202) 720-2127 James Johanson - Rye, Wheat............................................................................ (202) 720-8068 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum........................................................ (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Canola, Mustard Seed, Rapeseed, Safflower, Sunflower.................................. (202) 720-7369 Lihan Wei - Peanuts, Rice.............................................................................. (202) 720-7688 Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section....................................... (202) 720-2127 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Asparagus, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Onions, Plums, Prunes, Sweet Corn, Tobacco................................................................. (202) 720-4288 Robert Little - Apricots, Dry Beans, Lettuce, Macadamia, Maple Syrup, Nectarines, Pears, Snap Beans, Spinach, Tomatoes................................................... (202) 720-3250 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Cauliflower, Celery, Garlic, Grapefruit, Pistachios, Kiwifruit, Lemons, Mandarins and Tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges...................... (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Blueberries, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Raspberries, Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes.................... (202) 720-4285 Antonio Torres - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Papayas, Peaches, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Walnuts, Watermelons.............................. (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cabbage, Chickpeas, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Grapes, Hops, Pecans........................................... (202) 720-4215 Livestock Prices Received Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch.................................................................. (202) 692-0069 Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section.................................................................... (202) 690-2424 Ryan Cowen - Cattle and Cattle on Feed................................................................. (202) 720-3040 Anthony Fischer - Hogs and Pigs........................................................................ (202) 720-3106 Mike Miller - Milk, Milk Cows.......................................................................... (202) 720-3278 Jean Porter, Head, Poultry and Specialty Commodities Section............................................. (202) 720-8068 Fatema Haque - Turkeys................................................................................. (202) 505-0041 Seth Riggins - Honey................................................................................... (202) 720-3106 Autumn Stone - Eggs.................................................................................... (202) 690-3676 Takiyah Walker - Broilers.............................................................................. (202) 720-6147 Indexes, Prices Paid, and Parity Prices Tony Dorn, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch...................................... (202) 720-6146 Bruce Boess, Head, Economics Section..................................................................... (202) 720-4447 Ralph Mondesir - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes.......................... (202) 720-6146 Max Reason - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes, Prices Paid for Feed, Fertilizer, Chemicals, Seeds, Fuels, Farm Supplies and Repairs, Farm Machinery, Feeder Livestock, Poultry Chicks, Feed Price Ratios.................................................................... (202) 720-8844 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. 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For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@usda.gov. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax (202) 690-7442 or email at program.intake@usda.gov. Price Program Links Economics and Prices http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_Subject/Economics_and_Prices/index.php Agricultural Prices Program and Survey https://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/