Agricultural Prices ISSN: 1937-4216 Released February 26, 2021, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). January Prices Received Index Down 1.4 Percent The January Prices Received Index 2011 Base (Agricultural Production), at 90.0, decreased 1.4 percent from December but increased 1.2 percent from January 2020. At 88.8, the Crop Production Index was down 3.1 percent from last month but up 7.6 percent from the previous year. The Livestock Production Index, at 91.7, increased 0.9 percent from December, but decreased 6.9 percent from January 2020. Producers received lower prices during January for milk, broilers, cauliflower, and broccoli, but higher prices for corn, market eggs, celery, and soybeans. In addition to prices, the volume change of commodities marketed also influences the indexes. In January, there was decreased marketing of broilers, greenhouse & nursery, apples, and market eggs and increased monthly movement for soybeans, corn, strawberries, and lettuce. January Prices Paid Index Up 0.8 Percent The January Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 113.1, is up 0.8 percent from December 2020 and 2.0 percent from January 2020. Higher prices in January for LP gas, complete feeds, feeder pigs, and feed grains more than offset lower prices for feeder cattle, share rent, cash rent, and wage rates. Prices Received, Prices Paid, and Ratio of Prices Received to Prices Paid Indexes 2011 Base - United States: January 2021 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : January : December : January Index Group : 2020 : 2020 : 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : percent percent percent : : Prices received by farmers ...............: 88.9 91.3 90.0 : Prices paid by farmers ...................: 110.9 112.2 113.1 : Ratio of prices received to prices paid ..: 80 81 80 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Contents Prices Received by Farmers..................................................................................... 4 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base - United States: January 2021 with Comparisons.............................. 5 Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base - United States: January 2021 with Comparisons......................... 5 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2020 and 2021................. 5 Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2020 and 2021..................... 6 Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits - United States: January 2021 with Comparisons...................... 7 Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock - United States: January 2021 with Comparisons.................... 8 Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month - United States: 2021 with Comparisons.............. 9 Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month - United States: 2021 with Comparisons................... 9 Prices Received for All Wheat - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons........................ 10 Prices Received for Winter Wheat - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons..................... 10 Prices Received for Durum Wheat - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons...................... 11 Prices Received for Spring Wheat - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons..................... 11 Prices Received for Oats - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons............................. 11 Prices Received for All Barley - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons....................... 12 Prices Received for Malting Barley - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons................... 12 Prices Received for Feed Barley - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons...................... 12 Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons............................. 13 Prices Received for Sorghum Grain - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons.................... 13 Prices Received for Soybeans - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons......................... 14 Prices Received for Dry Beans - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons........................ 14 Prices Received for Canola - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons........................... 15 Prices Received for Flaxseed - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons......................... 15 Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons............... 15 Prices Received for Sunflower - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons........................ 15 Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons..... 16 Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice - United States: January 2021 with Comparisons....... 16 Prices Received for Hay by Type - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons...................... 17 Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay - States and 5-State Total: January 2021................... 17 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - United States: January 2020................................. 18 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - United States: December 2020................................ 18 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - United States: January 2021................................. 18 Prices Received for All Milk - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons......................... 19 Prices Received for Milk Cows - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons........................ 19 Parity Price Overview.......................................................................................... 20 Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price - United States: January 2021 with Comparisons.... 21 Commodity Parity Prices - United States: January 2021 with Comparisons......................................... 22 Marketing Year for Specified Commodities....................................................................... 24 Cattle Market Year Average Prices Received - United States: Marketing Years 2019 and 2020...................... 24 Hog Market Year Average Prices Received - United States: Marketing Years 2019 and 2020......................... 24 Milk Cow Market Year Average Prices Received - States and United States: Marketing Years 2019 and 2020 ........ 25 Prices Received for Cows, Steers and Heifers, Calves, Beef Cattle, and Milk Cows by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2019 and 2020............................................................................... 26 Prices Received for Barrows and Gilts, Sows, and All Hogs by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2019 and 2020............................................................................................... 26 Prices Received for Milk Cows by Month - States and United States: 2020........................................ 27 Prices Received Value per Head and Total Value for All Cattle and Calves - States and United States: January 1, 2020 and 2021.................................................................................... 28 Prices Received Value per Head and Total Value for Hogs - States and United States: December 1, 2019 and 2020.................................................................................................... 29 Prices Received Value per Head and Total Value for Sheep and Lambs - States and United States: January 1, 2020 and 2021.................................................................................... 30 Prices Received Value per Head and Total Value for Angora Goats - States and United States: January 1, 2020 and 2021.................................................................................................... 30 Other Hay Baled Market Year Average Prices Received - Selected Regions: 2016-2018, 2017-2019, and 2018-2020 Averages.......................................................................................... 31 Reliability of Prices Received Estimates....................................................................... 32 Prices Paid by Farmers......................................................................................... 33 Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios - United States: January 2021 with Comparisons................... 34 Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components - United States: January 2021 with Comparisons............................................................................... 35 Feed Price Ratios - United States: January 2021 with Comparisons............................................... 36 Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios - United States: January 2021 with Comparisons............. 36 Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: January 2021 with Comparisons................................ 36 Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates........................................................................... 37 Information Contacts........................................................................................... 38 January Prices Received by Farmers Crop production: The January index, at 88.8, is 3.1 percent lower than December but 7.6 percent higher than January 2020. The fruit & tree nut index decreases more than offset the grain & oilseed, vegetable & melon, and other crop index increases. Grain and oilseed: The January index, at 78.3, is up 5.1 percent from December and 16 percent from January 2020. The feed grain, food grain, and oilseed indexes all increased. Feed grain: The January index, at 71.2, increased 6.0 percent from last month and 13 percent from a year ago. The corn price, at $4.24 per bushel, is up 27 cents from last month and 45 cents from January 2020. Food grain: At 81.7, the index for January increased 0.7 percent from the previous month and 5.0 percent from a year ago. The January price for all wheat, at $5.48 per bushel, is 5 cents higher than December and 60 cents higher than January 2020. The January price for rice, at $13.40 per cwt, is 10 cents lower than December and 70 cents lower than January 2020. Oilseed: At 86.8, the index for January increased 4.0 percent from December and 22 percent from January 2020. The soybean price, at $10.90 per bushel, is 40 cents higher than December and $2.06 higher than January 2020. Fruit and tree nut: The January index, at 135.2, is down 4.5 percent from December but up 17 percent from a year ago. Price decreases during January for lemons, oranges, pears, and grapefruit more than offset price increases for apples and strawberries. Vegetable and melon: At 118.3, the index for January increased 3.7 percent from the previous month but decreased 37 percent from January 2020. Price increases during January for celery, tomatoes, lettuce, and sweet corn more than offset price declines for cauliflower, broccoli, potatoes, and onions. Other crop: The January index, at 86.1, is up 1.2 percent from the previous month and 6.8 percent from January 2020. The all hay price, at $157.00 per ton, is $2.00 higher than December and $2.00 higher than January 2020. At 69.5 cents per pound, the price for upland cotton is 3.9 cents higher than December and 9.8 cents higher than January 2020. Livestock production: The index for January, at 91.7, increased 0.9 percent from the previous month but decreased 6.9 percent from January 2020. Meat animal and poultry & egg index increases more than offset the lower dairy index. Meat animal: At 91.7, the January index increased 2.1 percent from the previous month but decreased 6.9 percent from a year earlier. At $50.20 per cwt, the January hog price is $1.10 higher than December and $2.40 higher than January 2020. The January beef cattle price of $110.00 per cwt is $2.00 higher than the previous month but $12.00 lower than January 2020. Dairy: The index for January, at 87.1, is down 5.3 percent from the previous month and 11 percent from January a year ago. The January all milk price of $17.50 per cwt is $1.00 lower than December and $2.10 lower than January 2020. Poultry and egg: At 95.9, the January index increased 4.2 percent from December but decreased 3.4 percent from January 2020. The January market egg price, at 67.0 cents per dozen, is 21.8 cents higher than December and 18.3 cents higher than January 2020. The January broiler price, at 43.2 cents per pound, is 0.6 cent lower than December and 6.2 cents lower than a year ago. At 72.3 cents per pound, the January turkey price is 0.2 cents higher than the previous month and 9.8 cents higher than January 2020. Food Commodities: The index, at 94.8, decreased 1.5 percent from the previous month and 1.7 percent from January 2020. Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base - United States: January 2021 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] -------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :----------------------------------- : January : December : January Index Group : 2020 : 2020 : 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Agricultural production ........: 88.9 91.3 90.0 Crop production ..............: 82.5 91.6 88.8 Grain and oilseed ..........: 67.4 74.5 78.3 Feed grain ...............: 63.1 67.2 71.2 Food grain ...............: 77.8 81.1 81.7 Oilseed ..................: 70.9 83.5 86.8 Fruit and tree nut .........: 116.0 141.6 135.2 Vegetable and melon ........: 187.7 114.1 118.3 Other crop .................: 80.6 85.1 86.1 : Livestock production .........: 98.5 90.9 91.7 Meat animal ................: 98.5 89.8 91.7 Cattle ...................: 107.0 95.6 97.2 Hog ......................: 71.9 73.8 75.5 Dairy ......................: 97.5 92.0 87.1 Poultry and egg ............: 99.3 92.0 95.9 : Food commodity .................: 96.4 96.2 94.8 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base - United States: January 2021 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] -------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910 - 1914 Base :----------------------------------- : January : December : January Index Group : 2020 : 2020 : 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Agricultural production ........: 917 942 928 Crop production ..............: 719 799 774 Livestock production .........: 1144 1056 1065 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2020 and 2021 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :--------------------------------------------------------------- Month : Agricultural : Crop : Livestock : Food : production : production : production : commodities :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent percent percent : January .......: 88.9 90.0 82.5 88.8 98.5 91.7 96.4 94.8 February ......: 90.6 86.3 94.7 94.9 March .........: 92.5 87.1 97.4 97.7 April .........: 81.9 86.0 78.4 84.2 May ...........: 84.4 86.5 82.6 87.5 June ..........: 88.0 89.3 86.7 92.1 July ..........: 86.5 88.4 84.5 90.2 August ........: 87.4 90.9 83.9 90.8 September .....: 89.2 93.9 84.1 92.7 October .......: 89.1 88.2 90.6 94.5 November ......: 93.0 92.1 94.2 101.0 December ......: 91.3 91.6 90.9 96.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2020 and 2021 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :--------------------------------------------------------------- Month : All items : : Crop : Livestock : (PPITW) : Production : sector : sector :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- : January .......: 110.9 113.1 107.6 110.4 111.5 112.9 110.2 113.4 February ......: 110.6 107.1 111.5 109.7 March .........: 109.6 105.9 111.0 108.3 April .........: 108.4 104.5 110.5 106.2 May ...........: 108.5 104.6 110.7 106.3 June ..........: 108.8 104.9 111.0 106.4 July ..........: 109.2 105.3 111.2 107.1 August ........: 109.5 105.7 111.3 107.5 September .....: 109.9 106.3 111.5 108.3 October .......: 110.6 107.2 111.7 109.5 November ......: 111.4 108.3 111.9 110.8 December ......: 112.2 109.4 112.4 112.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits - United States: January 2021 with Comparisons [Price data source for non-citrus fruit commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2011 : : : Commodity : Base Price : January 2020 :December 2020 : January 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Field crops : Barley, all ...............dollars/bushel: 4.79 4.67 4.79 4.67 Feed .....................dollars/bushel: 4.59 3.27 3.01 3.20 Malting ..................dollars/bushel: 4.83 4.82 4.86 4.82 Beans, dry edible ............dollars/cwt: 34.60 34.80 31.00 29.80 Canola .......................dollars/cwt: 23.10 16.10 17.20 18.80 Chickpeas, all ...............dollars/cwt: 35.70 18.10 20.20 19.00 Large .......................dollars/cwt: 39.20 18.70 19.30 19.60 Small .......................dollars/cwt: 23.40 17.00 21.50 18.10 Corn ......................dollars/bushel: 6.02 3.79 3.97 4.24 : Cotton, Upland .............dollars/pound: 0.880 0.597 0.656 0.695 Cottonseed ...................dollars/ton: 131.00 161.00 195.00 209.00 Flaxseed ..................dollars/bushel: 14.20 8.97 10.90 12.00 Hay, all, baled ..............dollars/ton: 159.00 155.00 155.00 157.00 Alfalfa .....................dollars/ton: 176.00 169.00 169.00 171.00 Other .......................dollars/ton: 119.00 137.00 134.00 137.00 Lentils ......................dollars/cwt: 27.50 22.20 18.20 18.80 Oats ......................dollars/bushel: 3.42 2.84 2.69 2.95 Peanuts, in-shell ..........dollars/pound: 0.252 0.209 0.204 0.205 : Peas, dry edible .............dollars/cwt: 13.60 9.52 10.20 10.10 Rice, all ....................dollars/cwt: 13.70 14.10 13.50 13.40 Long ........................dollars/cwt: 12.30 12.00 12.30 12.40 Medium and short ............dollars/cwt: 18.40 19.80 17.90 17.20 Sorghum grain ................dollars/cwt: 10.70 5.75 8.95 9.40 Soybeans ..................dollars/bushel: 12.50 8.84 10.50 10.90 Sunflowers, all ..............dollars/cwt: 29.00 19.50 19.20 19.60 : Wheat, all ................dollars/bushel: 7.44 4.88 5.43 5.48 Winter ...................dollars/bushel: 6.93 4.86 5.57 5.55 Durum ....................dollars/bushel: 9.22 4.72 5.87 5.88 Other spring .............dollars/bushel: 8.33 4.92 5.18 5.33 Hard red winter ..........dollars/bushel: 7.07 4.53 5.48 5.41 Soft red winter ..........dollars/bushel: 6.77 5.55 6.36 5.93 Hard red spring ..........dollars/bushel: 8.38 4.89 5.15 5.32 White ....................dollars/bushel: 6.58 5.51 5.65 5.71 : Fruits : Citrus, equivalent on-tree : Grapefruit ..................dollars/box: 7.47 10.23 17.22 17.09 Lemons ......................dollars/box: 12.30 16.14 23.20 20.60 Oranges .....................dollars/box: 8.16 9.40 11.03 10.75 : Non-citrus, fresh 1/ : Apples ....................dollars/pound: 0.325 0.313 0.702 0.723 Grapes ......................dollars/ton: 628.00 (S) 2,100.00 2,280.00 Peaches .....................dollars/ton: 507.00 (S) (S) (S) Pears .......................dollars/ton: 559.00 733.00 1,310.00 1,290.00 Strawberries ................dollars/cwt: 104.00 264.00 186.00 245.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock - United States: January 2021 with Comparisons [Price data source for vegetables, livestock, and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2011 : : : Commodity : Base Price : January 2020 :December 2020 : January 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Vegetables, fresh 1/ : Asparagus ....................dollars/cwt: 37.50 (S) (S) (S) Beans, snap ..................dollars/cwt: 69.00 62.80 86.80 75.70 Broccoli .....................dollars/cwt: 41.60 99.00 71.60 56.10 Cantaloupes ..................dollars/cwt: 16.50 (S) (S) (S) Carrots ......................dollars/cwt: 30.80 50.90 42.60 43.10 Cauliflower ..................dollars/cwt: 47.00 97.00 101.00 43.20 Celery .......................dollars/cwt: 22.50 45.90 55.10 112.00 Corn, sweet ..................dollars/cwt: 30.70 52.70 72.90 97.40 Cucumbers ....................dollars/cwt: 18.70 (S) 26.70 (S) Lettuce ......................dollars/cwt: 24.30 80.50 21.20 21.80 Onions 2/ ....................dollars/cwt: 11.90 14.10 19.50 19.50 Potatoes .....................dollars/cwt: 14.30 14.30 10.30 9.70 Tomatoes .....................dollars/cwt: 51.20 130.00 73.50 95.40 : Livestock : Calves .......................dollars/cwt: 142.00 168.00 165.00 165.00 Cattle, all beef .............dollars/cwt: 115.00 122.00 108.00 110.00 Cows 3/ .....................dollars/cwt: 71.60 61.40 58.10 59.70 Steers and heifers ..........dollars/cwt: 117.00 125.00 111.00 112.00 Milk cows 4/ ................dollars/head: 1,420.00 1,300.00 (NA) 1,360.00 Hogs, all ....................dollars/cwt: 66.50 47.80 49.10 50.20 Barrows and gilts ...........dollars/cwt: 66.80 48.60 49.40 50.50 Sows ........................dollars/cwt: 57.90 25.70 42.20 42.50 : Dairy and poultry : Milk, all 5/ .................dollars/cwt: 20.10 19.60 18.50 17.50 Fat test ........................percent: 3.71 4.03 4.13 4.10 Broilers, live 6/ ..........dollars/pound: 0.459 0.494 0.438 0.432 Eggs, all ..................dollars/dozen: 0.969 0.753 0.734 0.926 Market 7/ .................dollars/dozen: 0.796 0.487 0.452 0.670 Turkeys, live 8/ ...........dollars/pound: 0.680 0.625 0.721 0.723 : Adjusted for seasonal variation : Eggs, all ..................dollars/dozen: 0.979 0.690 0.637 0.848 Seasonal factor .................percent: 101 109 115 109 Milk, all ....................dollars/cwt: 20.20 19.70 17.90 17.60 Seasonal factor .................percent: 100 99 103 99 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis 2/ Includes some processing. 3/ Beef cows and cull dairy cows sold for slaughter. 4/ Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Prices available for January, April, July, and October. 5/ Before deductions for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies. 6/ Live weight equivalent price. 7/ Also referred to as table eggs. 8/ Live weight equivalent price is used when actual live weight price is not available. Beginning January 2011, price reflects FOB shipping point basis. Prior year price reflects delivered basis. Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month - United States: 2021 with Comparisons [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : All wheat : Corn : Soybeans Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per bushel : January ....: 5.28 4.88 5.48 3.56 3.79 4.24 8.64 8.84 10.90 February ...: 5.33 4.88 3.60 3.78 8.52 8.60 March ......: 5.19 4.86 3.61 3.68 8.52 8.47 April ......: 4.93 4.85 3.53 3.29 8.28 8.35 May ........: 4.78 4.76 3.63 3.20 8.02 8.28 June .......: 4.81 4.56 3.98 3.16 8.31 8.34 July .......: 4.52 4.54 4.16 3.21 8.38 8.50 August .....: 4.34 4.55 3.93 3.12 8.22 8.66 September ..: 4.26 4.73 3.80 3.40 8.35 9.24 October ....: 4.45 4.98 3.85 3.61 8.60 9.63 November ...: 4.39 5.24 3.68 3.79 8.59 10.30 December ...: 4.64 5.43 3.71 3.97 8.70 10.50 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month - United States: 2021 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Beef cattle 1/ : All hogs 2/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : January ..: 121.00 122.00 110.00 44.60 47.80 50.20 February .: 123.00 120.00 43.40 45.50 March ....: 126.00 113.00 46.50 47.70 April ....: 125.00 108.00 59.40 42.30 May ......: 120.00 109.00 62.30 51.00 June .....: 114.00 109.00 59.50 41.30 July .....: 112.00 97.10 56.60 39.90 August ...: 111.00 103.00 58.50 42.90 September : 103.00 104.00 47.70 49.70 October ..: 107.00 106.00 49.10 56.30 November .: 113.00 107.00 48.00 51.90 December .: 118.00 108.00 47.30 49.10 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Cows and steers & heifers. 2/ Barrows & gilts and sows. Prices Received for All Wheat - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : January 2020 : December 2020 : January 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arizona ............: (D) (S) (S) Arkansas ...........: (D) (D) (D) California .........: (D) (D) (D) Colorado ...........: 4.21 5.21 4.85 Idaho ..............: 5.16 5.19 5.22 Illinois ...........: 5.69 5.51 5.95 Indiana ............: 5.48 6.15 5.75 Kansas .............: 4.34 5.55 5.61 Michigan ...........: 5.58 5.76 5.73 Minnesota ..........: 4.89 5.15 5.43 : Missouri ...........: 5.39 6.89 6.29 Montana ............: 4.90 5.24 5.31 Nebraska ...........: 4.13 5.40 5.22 North Carolina .....: 5.94 6.09 6.46 North Dakota .......: 4.71 5.19 5.36 Ohio ...............: 5.46 5.69 5.77 Oklahoma ...........: 4.59 5.37 5.57 Oregon .............: 6.00 6.44 6.71 South Dakota .......: 4.66 5.13 5.33 Texas ..............: 5.02 (D) 5.91 Washington .........: 5.63 5.62 5.91 : United States ......: 4.88 5.43 5.48 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Winter Wheat - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : January 2020 : December 2020 : January 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arkansas ...........: (D) (D) (D) California .........: (D) (D) (D) Colorado ...........: 4.21 5.21 4.85 Idaho ..............: 5.14 5.18 5.18 Illinois ...........: 5.69 5.51 5.95 Indiana ............: 5.48 6.15 5.75 Kansas .............: 4.34 5.55 5.61 Michigan ...........: 5.58 5.76 5.73 Missouri ...........: 5.39 6.89 6.29 Montana ............: 4.77 5.24 5.30 : Nebraska ...........: 4.13 5.40 5.22 North Carolina .....: 5.94 6.09 6.46 North Dakota .......: (D) 4.81 4.99 Ohio ...............: 5.46 5.69 5.77 Oklahoma ...........: 4.59 5.37 5.57 Oregon .............: 6.00 6.43 6.71 South Dakota .......: 4.48 5.08 5.33 Texas ..............: 5.02 (D) 5.91 Washington .........: 5.59 5.61 5.90 : United States ......: 4.86 5.57 5.55 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Durum Wheat - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : January 2020 : December 2020 : January 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arizona ............: (D) (S) (S) California .........: (S) (D) (D) Idaho ..............: (D) (D) (D) Montana ............: (D) (D) 5.75 North Dakota .......: 4.52 5.94 5.87 : United States ......: 4.72 5.87 5.88 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Spring Wheat - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : January 2020 : December 2020 : January 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Idaho ..............: 5.19 5.18 5.26 Minnesota ..........: 4.89 5.15 5.43 Montana ............: 5.05 5.16 5.24 North Dakota .......: 4.77 5.11 5.30 South Dakota .......: 4.93 5.18 5.33 Washington .........: 5.87 5.71 5.97 : United States ......: 4.92 5.18 5.33 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Oats - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : January 2020 : December 2020 : January 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Illinois ...........: (D) (S) (S) Iowa ...............: 4.17 3.42 3.75 Michigan ...........: 4.24 2.78 (D) Minnesota ..........: 2.61 2.48 2.42 Montana ............: (D) (S) (D) Nebraska ...........: 3.35 (D) 3.75 New York ...........: (D) (S) (S) North Dakota .......: 2.73 2.47 2.48 Oregon .............: (D) (S) (S) Pennsylvania .......: (D) (D) (D) South Dakota .......: 2.81 2.80 2.72 Texas ..............: (S) (S) (S) Wisconsin ..........: 2.97 2.78 4.07 : United States ......: 2.84 2.69 2.95 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for All Barley - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : January 2020 : December 2020 : January 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California .........: (D) (D) (D) Colorado ...........: (D) 4.75 4.89 Idaho ..............: 5.09 4.85 4.71 Minnesota ..........: 4.30 (D) 4.31 Montana ............: 4.54 4.35 4.30 North Dakota .......: 4.26 4.85 4.55 Washington .........: 5.02 5.14 5.37 Wyoming ............: (D) (D) (D) : United States ......: 4.67 4.79 4.67 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Malting Barley - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : January 2020 : December 2020 : January 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California .........: (D) (D) (D) Colorado ...........: (D) 4.75 4.89 Idaho ..............: (D) 4.86 4.75 Minnesota ..........: (D) (D) (D) Montana ............: 4.70 4.47 4.54 North Dakota .......: 4.46 4.92 4.89 Washington .........: (D) (D) (D) Wyoming ............: (D) (D) (D) : United States ......: 4.82 4.86 4.82 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Feed Barley - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : January 2020 : December 2020 : January 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California .........: (S) (S) (S) Colorado ...........: (S) (S) (S) Idaho ..............: 3.98 2.93 2.79 Minnesota ..........: (D) (S) (D) Montana ............: 2.86 2.73 2.92 North Dakota .......: 3.27 3.10 3.32 Washington .........: 2.92 3.15 3.36 Wyoming ............: (D) (S) (S) : United States ......: 3.27 3.01 3.20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : January 2020 : December 2020 : January 2021 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Colorado ...............: 3.89 4.16 4.54 Illinois ...............: 3.76 3.86 4.10 Indiana ................: 4.10 4.06 4.32 Iowa ...................: 3.78 4.05 4.40 Kansas .................: 3.67 4.17 4.59 Kentucky ...............: 4.11 4.08 4.23 Michigan ...............: 3.92 4.08 4.29 Minnesota ..............: 3.59 3.73 3.92 Missouri ...............: 3.90 4.00 4.39 Nebraska ...............: 3.70 3.92 4.26 : North Carolina .........: 4.73 5.19 5.45 North Dakota ...........: 3.22 3.73 3.99 Ohio ...................: 4.15 4.11 4.39 Pennsylvania ...........: 4.31 4.88 5.37 South Dakota ...........: 3.56 3.76 4.01 Tennessee ..............: 3.76 4.30 4.58 Texas ..................: 4.28 4.58 4.85 Wisconsin ..............: 3.66 3.80 4.12 : United States ..........: 3.79 3.97 4.24 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Sorghum Grain - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : January 2020 : December 2020 : January 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Kansas .............: 5.63 9.18 9.82 Nebraska ...........: 5.63 8.47 8.65 Oklahoma ...........: 6.09 9.74 9.17 Texas ..............: 6.31 8.34 8.15 : United States ......: 5.75 8.95 9.40 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Soybeans - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : January 2020 : December 2020 : January 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arkansas ...........: 8.95 10.70 11.20 Illinois ...........: 9.00 10.20 10.60 Indiana ............: 9.22 10.80 10.90 Iowa ...............: 8.73 10.90 11.30 Kansas .............: 8.55 10.90 12.10 Kentucky ...........: 9.22 10.30 10.80 Louisiana ..........: 9.00 10.20 10.50 Michigan ...........: 9.03 11.30 11.80 Minnesota ..........: 8.44 10.40 11.30 Mississippi ........: 9.05 10.10 10.80 : Missouri ...........: 8.93 10.50 10.80 Nebraska ...........: 8.53 10.50 10.70 North Carolina .....: 8.95 11.10 11.80 North Dakota .......: 8.06 9.92 10.30 Ohio ...............: 9.39 11.30 11.20 South Dakota .......: 8.51 10.00 10.70 Tennessee ..........: 9.13 10.80 10.90 Wisconsin ..........: 8.63 11.10 10.60 : United States ......: 8.84 10.50 10.90 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Dry Beans - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : January 2020 : December 2020 : January 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : California .........: 59.80 (D) (D) Colorado ...........: (D) (D) (D) Idaho ..............: (D) (D) (D) Michigan ...........: 35.10 33.20 34.10 Minnesota ..........: 37.00 35.60 30.50 Nebraska ...........: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 32.40 27.90 27.90 : United States ......: 34.80 31.00 29.80 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Canola - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : January 2020 : December 2020 : January 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Minnesota ..........: (D) (D) (D) Montana ............: (D) 15.80 17.50 North Dakota .......: 16.10 17.20 18.80 Oklahoma ...........: (S) (S) (S) : United States ......: 16.10 17.20 18.80 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Flaxseed - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : January 2020 : December 2020 : January 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : North Dakota .......: 8.97 10.90 12.00 : United States ......: 8.97 10.90 12.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : January 2020 : December 2020 : January 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per pound : Alabama ............: 0.192 0.208 0.190 Arkansas ...........: (S) 0.191 (S) Florida ............: 0.172 0.203 0.199 Georgia ............: 0.190 0.201 0.201 Mississippi ........: 0.064 0.063 0.185 New Mexico .........: (S) (S) (S) North Carolina .....: 0.245 0.206 0.222 Oklahoma ...........: 0.241 0.226 0.234 South Carolina .....: 0.213 0.210 0.225 Texas ..............: 0.250 0.234 0.242 Virginia ...........: 0.216 0.216 0.216 : United States ......: 0.209 0.204 0.205 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Sunflower - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : January 2020 : December 2020 : January 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Kansas .............: 19.40 21.40 20.80 Minnesota ..........: 19.80 21.00 (D) North Dakota .......: 19.60 20.50 19.60 South Dakota .......: 19.30 17.40 19.10 : United States ......: 19.50 19.20 19.60 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons [Cottonseed marketing year August - February] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cotton, Upland : Cottonseed State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : January : December : January : January : December : January : 2020 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2020 : 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- dollars per pound -------- --------- dollars per ton --------- : Alabama ............: 0.555 0.628 (D) 132.00 136.00 143.00 Arizona ............: (S) (D) (D) 270.00 300.00 283.00 Arkansas ...........: 0.620 0.678 (D) (S) (NA) (NA) California .........: (S) (D) (S) (D) 354.00 370.00 Georgia ............: 0.629 0.698 0.757 117.00 153.00 157.00 Louisiana ..........: 0.634 0.656 (D) 180.00 (NA) (NA) Mississippi ........: 0.596 0.616 (D) (S) (NA) (NA) North Carolina .....: 0.639 0.670 (D) 126.00 194.00 192.00 Tennessee ..........: 0.586 0.696 (D) (S) 265.00 (NA) Texas ..............: 0.586 0.629 0.650 165.00 200.00 186.00 : United States ......: 0.597 0.656 0.695 161.00 195.00 209.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice - United States: January 2021 with Comparisons ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : January 2020 : December 2020 : January 2021 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cotton, Upland : Average price ......dollars/pound: 0.597 0.656 0.695 Marketings 1/ ........1,000 bales: 3,194 2,925 1,280 : Rice, all : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 14.10 13.50 13.40 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 20,295 20,834 22,898 : Rice, long : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 12.00 12.30 12.40 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 14,765 16,135 18,019 : Rice, medium and short : California : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 21.90 19.70 18.00 : Other States 3/ : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 11.60 12.90 12.90 : United States : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 19.80 17.90 17.20 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 5,530 4,699 4,879 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Marketings based on a survey of cotton buyers in the major producing States - Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. 2/ Purchases by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped by cooperatives. 3/ Other States include Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas. Prices Received for Hay by Type - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All hay : Alfalfa hay : Other hay State :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : January : December : January : January : December : January : January : December : January : 2020 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2020 : 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per ton : Arizona ..............: 195.00 180.00 185.00 195.00 180.00 185.00 200.00 190.00 190.00 California ...........: 192.00 176.00 179.00 205.00 185.00 190.00 155.00 145.00 150.00 Colorado .............: 225.00 206.00 207.00 225.00 205.00 205.00 225.00 215.00 225.00 Idaho ................: 154.00 163.00 162.00 155.00 165.00 165.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 Illinois .............: 167.00 148.00 151.00 180.00 165.00 165.00 125.00 110.00 115.00 Iowa .................: 123.00 110.00 114.00 130.00 122.00 121.00 106.00 93.00 101.00 Kansas ...............: 129.00 133.00 144.00 141.00 154.00 162.00 99.00 95.00 101.00 Kentucky .............: 143.00 157.00 157.00 205.00 215.00 215.00 125.00 140.00 140.00 Michigan .............: 172.00 176.00 181.00 190.00 190.00 195.00 140.00 150.00 155.00 Minnesota ............: 151.00 115.00 112.00 163.00 134.00 130.00 113.00 80.00 81.00 : Missouri .............: 116.00 111.00 110.00 150.00 155.00 155.00 110.00 100.00 100.00 Montana ..............: 141.00 129.00 133.00 140.00 130.00 135.00 145.00 125.00 120.00 Nebraska .............: 98.00 105.00 112.00 103.00 118.00 121.00 86.00 76.00 88.00 Nevada ...............: 180.00 180.00 184.00 180.00 180.00 185.00 175.00 175.00 175.00 New Mexico ...........: 216.00 216.00 218.00 220.00 225.00 225.00 190.00 170.00 180.00 New York .............: 166.00 170.00 173.00 200.00 200.00 209.00 165.00 160.00 161.00 North Dakota .........: 86.00 83.00 93.00 91.00 87.00 98.00 62.00 64.00 71.00 Ohio .................: 181.00 171.00 176.00 220.00 200.00 210.00 160.00 150.00 150.00 Oklahoma .............: 95.00 104.00 100.00 153.00 185.00 169.00 89.00 99.00 92.00 Oregon ...............: 192.00 188.00 196.00 200.00 205.00 210.00 180.00 160.00 170.00 : Pennsylvania .........: 186.00 201.00 204.00 228.00 265.00 276.00 180.00 185.00 187.00 South Dakota .........: 106.00 98.00 100.00 112.00 110.00 114.00 94.00 78.00 76.00 Texas ................: 134.00 152.00 151.00 197.00 214.00 214.00 128.00 144.00 144.00 Utah .................: 184.00 189.00 194.00 185.00 190.00 195.00 140.00 130.00 135.00 Washington ...........: 182.00 177.00 173.00 195.00 180.00 175.00 160.00 170.00 170.00 Wisconsin ............: 186.00 167.00 153.00 191.00 178.00 161.00 163.00 124.00 115.00 Wyoming ..............: 176.00 174.00 175.00 180.00 175.00 175.00 150.00 170.00 175.00 : United States ........: 155.00 155.00 157.00 169.00 169.00 171.00 137.00 134.00 137.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay - States and 5-State Total: January 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : January 2020 : December 2020 : January 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per ton : California .........: 225.00 220.00 215.00 Idaho ..............: 175.00 185.00 185.00 Michigan ...........: 210.00 215.00 220.00 Minnesota ..........: 253.00 182.00 181.00 New York ...........: 246.00 257.00 245.00 Pennsylvania .......: 289.00 335.00 321.00 Texas ..............: 222.00 225.00 225.00 Wisconsin ..........: 267.00 229.00 218.00 : 5-State Total 1/ 2/ : 210.00 203.00 206.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ 5-State total represents a weighted (hay purchases) average price for the five largest milk producing States (based on the pounds of milk produced during the previous month). 2/ For January 2020, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. For December 2020, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. For January 2021, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - United States: January 2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: 31.20 12.46 20.43 5.20 10.23 18.35 2.84 : Lemons ..............................: 42.80 22.42 32.35 (D) 16.14 25.57 (D) : Oranges .............................: 27.80 12.48 17.34 10.76 9.40 14.51 7.59 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - United States: December 2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: 38.30 19.72 27.27 6.43 17.22 24.89 3.69 : Lemons ..............................: 46.80 29.85 36.12 (D) 23.20 29.20 (D) : Oranges .............................: 35.10 14.03 24.37 9.58 11.03 21.47 6.54 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - United States: January 2021 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: 35.90 19.86 24.81 10.70 17.09 22.44 7.15 : Lemons ..............................: 45.30 27.18 34.63 (D) 20.60 27.71 (D) : Oranges .............................: 33.60 13.77 22.82 9.89 10.75 19.90 6.84 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for All Milk - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons [Before deduction for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : January 2020 : December 2020 : January 2021 State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Price :Fat test : Price :Fat test : Price : Fat test ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :dollars per cwt percent dollars per cwt percent dollars per cwt percent : Arizona ............: 18.80 3.88 16.90 3.92 15.40 3.78 California .........: 19.40 3.97 19.20 4.05 18.40 4.02 Colorado ...........: 20.00 3.92 19.00 4.00 17.00 4.00 Florida ............: 23.80 3.69 23.70 3.76 19.70 3.74 Georgia ............: 21.60 3.80 22.50 3.79 18.80 3.82 Idaho ..............: 18.60 4.16 17.70 4.31 17.60 4.23 Illinois ...........: 19.70 4.02 17.70 4.13 16.70 4.10 Indiana ............: 19.50 3.99 19.20 4.07 17.20 4.09 Iowa ...............: 20.50 4.11 18.40 4.22 17.80 4.16 Kansas .............: 18.60 4.10 16.70 4.20 15.60 4.18 : Michigan ...........: 18.40 3.90 17.80 4.00 15.90 3.99 Minnesota ..........: 20.30 4.21 18.70 4.31 18.30 4.31 New Mexico .........: 18.00 3.94 16.30 3.99 15.20 3.97 New York ...........: 19.80 3.99 18.30 4.08 17.10 4.09 Ohio ...............: 20.10 4.03 19.90 4.04 17.70 4.01 Oregon .............: 21.50 4.24 19.70 4.27 19.70 4.19 Pennsylvania .......: 20.20 3.99 18.80 4.08 17.30 4.08 South Dakota .......: 20.70 4.38 19.40 4.51 19.20 4.52 Texas ..............: 19.90 4.32 18.00 4.38 17.00 4.36 Utah ...............: 19.20 4.11 18.90 4.14 17.60 4.10 : Vermont ............: 20.30 3.99 19.00 4.09 17.80 4.12 Virginia ...........: 21.30 3.94 22.00 4.01 18.70 4.01 Washington .........: 19.80 4.24 17.80 4.27 16.80 4.19 Wisconsin ..........: 19.40 3.96 18.10 4.10 17.50 4.10 : United States ......: 19.60 4.03 18.50 4.13 17.50 4.10 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Milk Cows - States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons [Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Quarterly United States milk cow prices are based on revised milk cow inventory] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : January 2020 : October 2020 : January 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per head : Arizona ............: 1,450 1,450 1,500 California .........: 1,400 1,350 1,350 Colorado ...........: 1,300 1,350 1,300 Florida ............: 1,350 1,440 1,400 Georgia ............: 1,310 1,300 1,280 Idaho ..............: 1,350 1,350 1,350 Illinois ...........: 1,260 1,310 1,290 Indiana ............: 1,220 1,260 1,350 Iowa ...............: 1,200 1,290 1,310 Kansas .............: 1,400 1,420 1,400 : Michigan ...........: 1,260 1,360 1,400 Minnesota ..........: 1,140 1,240 1,260 New Mexico .........: 1,400 1,400 1,400 New York ...........: 1,190 1,240 1,300 Ohio ...............: 1,200 1,220 1,230 Oregon .............: 1,300 1,300 1,300 Pennsylvania .......: 1,210 1,270 1,250 South Dakota .......: 1,280 1,300 1,350 Texas ..............: 1,400 1,400 1,400 Utah ...............: 1,250 1,250 1,200 : Vermont ............: 1,290 1,270 1,350 Virginia ...........: 1,160 1,270 1,180 Washington .........: 1,250 1,350 1,350 Wisconsin ..........: 1,260 1,420 1,470 : United States ......: 1,300 1,340 1,360 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Parity Price Overview Parity prices, based on data from January 2021, and adjusted base price data from which parity prices are computed are presented in the tables on the following pages. Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III. Subtitle A, Section 301(a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, 1954, and 1956. The parity prices shown in this report are based on the provisions of the amended Act. Briefly, the actual method of computation is as follows: a. The average of prices received by farmers for individual commodities for the 10 preceding years is calculated (for 2020, the 10-average includes the years 2010-2019). An allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental payments resulting from price support programs, such as the deficiency payments for grains and cotton, is included for those commodities for which applicable. b. This 10-year average is divided by the average of the Index of Prices Received by Farmers for the same 10 preceding calendar years, adjusted to include an allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental price support operations, to give an "adjusted base price". c. Parity prices are computed by multiplying the "adjusted base prices" by the current Parity Index (the Index of Prices Paid by Farmers, including Interest, Taxes, and Wage Rates, 1910-1914=100). Parity prices are calculated in terms of prices received by farmers in the local markets in which they ordinarily sell. This means that the parity prices apply to the average of all classes and grades of the commodity as sold by all farmers in the United States, except as otherwise specified. Fruits and vegetables for fresh use and for processing are usually considered separate commodities and separate parity prices are calculated. The Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937 provided for parity prices for certain commodities covered by a marketing agreement or order program. Under present legislation, United States parity prices, with appropriate adjustments where needed, may be used for the purpose of this Act. Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price - United States: January 2021 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations. Parity data not available for blank cells. Primary source of data for livestock and milk prices is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Parity price : Price as percent :Adjusted : : : of parity Commodity and unit : base :----------------------------------------------------------- : price : January :December : January : January :December : January : : 2020 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2020 : 2021 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------- dollars ------------- ------- percent ------ : Basic commodities : All wheat ............bushel: 0.547 16.70 17.00 16.70 29 32 33 Rice ....................cwt: 1.29 38.50 39.70 39.50 37 34 34 Corn .................bushel: 0.422 12.90 13.20 12.90 29 30 33 Cotton : Upland ..............pound: 0.068 2.09 2.14 2.08 29 31 33 American Pima .......pound: 0.135 4.18 4.12 4.13 25 26 26 Peanuts ...............pound: 0.022 0.686 0.702 0.674 30 29 30 Small chickpeas 1/ ......cwt: 2.30 71.60 73.20 70.40 24 29 26 Large chickpeas 1/ ......cwt: 2.97 93.10 94.90 90.90 20 20 22 Lentils 1/ ..............cwt: 2.26 71.30 72.90 69.20 31 25 27 : Designated non-basic : All milk, to plants 2/ ..cwt: 1.79 53.70 54.60 54.80 37 33 32 Honey, extracted 3/ ...pound: 0.193 5.70 5.83 5.91 35 34 33 : Wool and mohair : Wool ..................pound: 0.151 4.45 4.51 4.62 42 42 36 Mohair ................pound: 0.460 13.60 13.90 14.10 44 43 36 : Other non-basic : Apples, fresh 4/ ......pound: 0.038 1.070 1.100 1.160 29 64 62 Barley ...............bushel: 0.494 14.80 15.10 15.10 32 32 31 Canola ..................cwt: 1.81 55.80 55.20 55.40 29 31 34 Cottonseed ..............ton: 19.30 582.00 589.00 591.00 28 33 35 Dry edible beans ........cwt: 3.12 92.80 94.60 95.50 38 33 31 Flaxseed .............bushel: 1.07 32.50 33.20 32.80 28 33 37 Oats .................bushel: 0.289 8.65 8.85 8.85 33 30 33 Potatoes, fresh .........cwt: 1.06 31.90 32.30 32.50 45 32 30 Sorghum grain ...........cwt: 0.728 22.00 22.40 22.30 26 40 42 Soybeans .............bushel: 1.03 31.60 32.30 31.50 28 33 35 Sunflower, all ..........cwt: 2.07 61.80 63.10 63.40 32 30 31 : Citrus (equivalent on-tree) : Grapefruit ..............box: 0.905 25.00 27.60 27.70 41 62 62 Lemons ..................box: 1.98 55.80 60.40 60.60 29 38 34 Oranges .................box: 1.050 30.10 32.00 32.20 31 34 33 : Livestock and poultry : Beef cattle .............cwt: 11.80 355.00 363.00 361.00 34 30 30 Broilers ..............pound: 0.050 1.55 1.59 1.53 32 28 28 Calves ..................cwt: 17.40 516.00 528.00 533.00 33 31 31 Eggs 2/ ...............dozen: 0.099 3.01 3.08 3.03 23 21 28 Hogs ....................cwt: 5.55 171.00 174.00 170.00 28 28 30 Turkeys, live .........pound: 0.066 1.970 2.010 2.020 32 36 36 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Parity prices began January 2015. 2/ Seasonally adjusted price as percentage of parity price. 3/ Wholesale extracted. Adjusted base price derived from state annual averages prices weighted by production. For 1982 through 1985 the national averages are the support prices. 4/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York, Oregon, and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states. Commodity Parity Prices - United States: January 2021 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Parity price : Adjusted : : : Commodity and unit : base :----------------------------------------- : price : January : December : January : : 2020 : 2020 : 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Field crops and miscellaneous : Hops ..............................pound: 0.440 12.60 12.90 13.50 Mustard seed ........................cwt: 3.07 94.00 93.60 94.00 Rapeseed ............................cwt: 2.55 78.80 77.80 78.10 Rye ..............................bushel: 0.631 18.70 19.20 19.30 Safflower ...........................cwt: 2.19 65.30 66.80 67.10 Spearmint oil .....................pound: 1.74 52.20 53.10 53.30 Sweet potatoes ......................cwt: 2.04 60.00 61.30 62.50 : Tobacco : Flue-cured, 11-14 ...............pound: 0.185 5.58 5.64 5.66 Fire-cured, 21-23 ...............pound: 0.256 7.67 7.81 7.84 Burley, 31 ......................pound: 0.183 5.49 5.58 5.60 Maryland, 32 ....................pound: 0.174 5.16 5.31 5.33 Dark air-cured, 35-37 ...........pound: 0.228 6.83 6.95 6.98 Pennsylvania seedleaf, 41 .......pound: 0.214 6.00 6.53 6.55 : Non-citrus fruit : Apples, processing 1/ 2/ ............ton: 20.80 606.00 634.00 637.00 Apricots, fresh 3/ ..................ton: 127.00 3,820.00 3,870.00 3,890.00 Avocados 2/ 3/ ......................ton: 194.00 5,910.00 5,920.00 5,940.00 Cherries : Sweet .............................ton: 212.00 6,270.00 6,470.00 6,490.00 Tart 2/ .........................pound: 0.029 0.895 0.885 0.888 Cranberry 2/ 4/ ..................barrel: 3.38 106.00 103.00 103.00 Dates (California) 3/ ...............ton: 206.00 5,490.00 6,280.00 6,310.00 : Grapes (California) : Wine, processing ..................ton: 78.50 2,260.00 2,390.00 2,400.00 Kiwifruit 2/ ........................ton: 117.00 3,130.00 3,570.00 3,580.00 Nectarines, fresh (California) 3/ ...ton: 81.10 2,340.00 2,470.00 2,480.00 Olives, canning (California) 4/ .....ton: 112.00 3,310.00 3,420.00 3,430.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Commodity Parity Prices - United States: January 2021 with Comparisons (continued) [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Parity price :Adjusted : : : Commodity and unit : base :-------------------------------------------- : price : January : December : January : : 2020 : 2020 : 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars : Non-citrus fruit - continued : Papayas (Hawaii) .................pound: 0.042 1.34 1.28 1.29 Peaches, fresh 4/ 6/ ...............ton: 106.00 3,070.00 3,230.00 3,250.00 Pears, fresh 6/ ....................ton: 63.00 1,910.00 1,920.00 1,930.00 Plums (California) equivalent on-tree : Fresh 7/ .........................ton: 80.40 2,220.00 2,450.00 2,460.00 Strawberries : Fresh 10/ ......................pound: 10.20 293.00 311.00 312.00 Processing .....................pound: 3.91 112.00 119.00 120.00 : Sugar crops : Sugarbeets 2/ 8/ .................ton: 4.71 147.00 150.00 144.00 Sugarcane 2/ 8/ ..................ton: 3.47 104.00 106.00 106.00 : Tree nuts 9/ : Almonds ..........................pound: 0.258 7.55 7.87 7.90 Hazelnuts ..........................ton: 237.00 7,070.00 7,230.00 7,260.00 Pistachios .......................pound: 0.250 7.28 7.63 7.66 Walnuts ............................ton: 237.00 7,040.00 7,230.00 7,260.00 : Vegetables, fresh 10/ : Carrots 11/ ........................cwt: 2.64 84.10 80.50 80.80 Cauliflower 11/ ....................cwt: 4.62 139.00 141.00 141.00 Celery 11/ .........................cwt: 2.13 61.20 65.00 65.20 Honeydew melons ....................cwt: 2.07 75.20 63.10 63.40 Lettuce ............................cwt: 2.74 75.20 83.60 83.90 Onions 11/ .........................cwt: 1.44 42.10 43.90 44.10 Tomatoes ...........................cwt: 4.05 120.00 124.00 124.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Equivalent returns at processing plant door. 2/ Adjusted base price is carried forward from the previous year since current marketing year average price is not yet available. 3/ Equivalent returns at packinghouse door. 4/ Equivalent returns for bulk fruit at first delivery point. 5/ Dried basis. 6/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York (apples only), Oregon (except peaches), and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states. 7/ Based on "as sold" prices for fresh fruit in all states. 8/ Relates to prices including average conditional payments per ton made under the sugar acts of 1937 and 1948. Crop deficiency and abandonment payments not included. 9/ Prices In-Shell basis except almonds which are shelled basis. 10/ FOB shipping point price. 11/ Includes some processing. Market Year for Specified Commodities Cattle January 1 - December 31 Milk Cows January 1 - December 31 Hogs December 1 - November 30 Cattle Market Year Average Prices Received - United States: Marketing Years 2019 and 2020 [All beef includes steer and heifers combined and cows. Cows include beef cows and cull dairy cows sold for slaughter. Milk cow prices are calendar year average of quarterly estimates.] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Steers : : : Year : Cows : and : Calves : Beef cattle : Milk cows : : heifers : : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : -------------------- dollars per cwt -------------------- dollars per head : 2019 ............: 62.00 118.00 159.00 116.00 1,200.00 2020 ............: 64.20 111.00 161.00 109.00 1,300.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hog Market Year Average Prices Received - United States: Marketing Years 2019 and 2020 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year : Barrows and gilts : Sows : All ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : 2019 ............: 51.70 41.10 51.40 2020 ............: 47.80 27.70 46.90 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Milk Cow Market Year Average Prices Received - States and United States: Marketing Years 2019 and 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per head : Alabama ......................: 1,080 1,200 Alaska .......................: 2,080 2,500 Arizona ......................: 1,340 1,430 Arkansas .....................: 1,040 1,050 California ...................: 1,230 1,350 Colorado .....................: 1,240 1,290 Connecticut ..................: 1,070 1,250 Delaware .....................: 1,000 1,200 Florida ......................: 1,230 1,370 Georgia ......................: 1,230 1,300 : Hawaii .......................: 1,360 1,240 Idaho ........................: 1,280 1,330 Illinois .....................: 1,170 1,270 Indiana ......................: 1,140 1,230 Iowa .........................: 1,160 1,230 Kansas .......................: 1,300 1,390 Kentucky .....................: 1,030 1,220 Louisiana ....................: 1,170 1,290 Maine ........................: 1,070 1,180 Maryland .....................: 1,140 1,280 : Massachusetts ................: 1,110 1,140 Michigan .....................: 1,230 1,310 Minnesota ....................: 1,090 1,160 Mississippi ..................: 1,180 1,250 Missouri .....................: 1,000 1,020 Montana ......................: 1,290 1,310 Nebraska .....................: 1,170 1,260 Nevada .......................: 1,280 1,310 New Hampshire ................: 1,220 1,190 New Jersey ...................: 1,030 1,250 : New Mexico ...................: 1,280 1,390 New York .....................: 1,140 1,210 North Carolina ...............: 1,070 1,190 North Dakota .................: 1,080 1,180 Ohio .........................: 1,040 1,190 Oklahoma .....................: 1,140 1,160 Oregon .......................: 1,300 1,250 Pennsylvania .................: 1,120 1,230 Rhode Island .................: 1,050 1,080 South Carolina ...............: 1,130 1,300 : South Dakota .................: 1,180 1,270 Tennessee ....................: 1,060 1,140 Texas ........................: 1,300 1,380 Utah .........................: 1,140 1,210 Vermont ......................: 1,190 1,280 Virginia .....................: 1,040 1,200 Washington ...................: 1,240 1,280 West Virginia ................: 990 1,110 Wisconsin ....................: 1,180 1,320 Wyoming ......................: 1,230 1,230 : United States ................: 1,200 1,300 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Prices Received for Cows, Steers and Heifers, Calves, Beef Cattle, and Milk Cows by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2019 and 2020 [All beef includes steer & heifers combined and cows. Cows include beef cows and cull dairy cows sold for slaughter. Milk cow prices are calendar year average. Quarterly United States milk cow prices are based on revised milk cow inventory.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Steers : : : : : Cows : and : Calves : Beef cattle : Milk cows : : heifers : : : : Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------------------------- dollars per cwt -------------------------- dollars per head : January ......: 54.20 61.40 124.00 125.00 169.00 168.00 121.00 122.00 1,140.00 1,300.00 February .....: 58.90 65.80 126.00 122.00 170.00 168.00 123.00 120.00 (NA) (NA) March ........: 62.80 67.50 129.00 114.00 170.00 160.00 126.00 113.00 (NA) (NA) April ........: 61.30 64.00 128.00 111.00 174.00 151.00 125.00 108.00 1,140.00 1,250.00 May ..........: 65.60 68.30 122.00 111.00 148.00 151.00 120.00 109.00 (NA) (NA) June .........: 65.90 71.00 115.00 110.00 149.00 149.00 114.00 109.00 (NA) (NA) July .........: 67.00 70.50 113.00 98.00 144.00 149.00 112.00 97.10 1,230.00 1,310.00 August .......: 68.30 70.70 112.00 104.00 142.00 153.00 111.00 103.00 (NA) (NA) September ....: 65.60 66.60 104.00 105.00 144.00 155.00 103.00 104.00 (NA) (NA) October ......: 60.90 60.00 109.00 108.00 154.00 156.00 107.00 106.00 1,310.00 1,340.00 November .....: 57.70 59.30 115.00 109.00 158.00 162.00 113.00 107.00 (NA) (NA) December .....: 59.30 58.10 120.00 111.00 159.00 165.00 118.00 108.00 (NA) (NA) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. Prices Received for Barrows and Gilts, Sows, and All Hogs by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2019 and 2020 [December preceding year] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Barrows and gilts : Sows : All hogs Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : December ...........: 43.60 47.70 38.00 33.40 43.40 47.30 January ............: 45.00 48.60 32.30 25.70 44.60 47.80 February ...........: 43.60 46.30 36.20 26.10 43.40 45.50 March ..............: 46.50 48.30 43.90 31.50 46.50 47.70 April ..............: 59.70 42.60 50.60 36.20 59.40 42.30 May ................: 62.30 52.70 61.80 22.40 62.30 51.00 June ...............: 60.00 42.20 47.50 21.00 59.50 41.30 July ...............: 57.40 40.70 35.60 21.20 56.60 39.90 August .............: 59.30 43.80 38.30 22.30 58.50 42.90 September ..........: 48.30 50.90 31.90 22.40 47.70 49.70 October ............: 49.70 57.30 33.10 29.90 49.10 56.30 November ...........: 48.20 52.30 41.90 41.80 48.00 51.90 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Milk Cows by Month - States and United States: 2020 [Cows sold for dairy herd replacement. Quarterly United States milk cow prices are based on revised milk cow inventory.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : January : April : July : October : 2020 : 2020 : 2020 : 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per head : Arizona ........: 1,450 1,350 1,450 1,450 California .....: 1,400 1,300 1,350 1,350 Colorado .......: 1,300 1,250 1,250 1,350 Florida ........: 1,350 1,310 1,360 1,440 Georgia ........: 1,310 1,310 1,270 1,300 Idaho ..........: 1,350 1,250 1,350 1,350 Illinois .......: 1,260 1,200 1,310 1,310 Indiana ........: 1,220 1,220 1,220 1,260 Iowa ...........: 1,200 1,170 1,260 1,290 Kansas .........: 1,400 1,350 1,400 1,420 : Michigan .......: 1,260 1,300 1,320 1,360 Minnesota ......: 1,140 1,100 1,160 1,240 New Mexico .....: 1,400 1,350 1,400 1,400 New York .......: 1,190 1,190 1,230 1,240 Ohio ...........: 1,200 1,170 1,170 1,220 Oregon .........: 1,300 1,150 1,250 1,300 Pennsylvania ...: 1,210 1,170 1,250 1,270 South Dakota ...: 1,280 1,230 1,250 1,300 Texas ..........: 1,400 1,350 1,350 1,400 Utah ...........: 1,250 1,150 1,200 1,250 : Vermont ........: 1,290 1,300 1,260 1,270 Virginia .......: 1,160 1,160 1,190 1,270 Washington .....: 1,250 1,200 1,300 1,350 Wisconsin ......: 1,260 1,250 1,350 1,420 : United States ..: 1,300 1,250 1,310 1,340 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received Value per Head and Total Value for All Cattle and Calves - States and United States: January 1, 2020 and 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Value per head : Total value State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ dollars ----- ----- 1,000 dollars ----- : Alabama .................: 830 870 1,079,000 1,122,300 Alaska ..................: 1,380 1,380 23,460 23,460 Arizona .................: 940 950 902,400 931,000 Arkansas ................: 870 910 1,505,100 1,610,700 California ..............: 1,030 1,060 5,304,500 5,459,000 Colorado ................: 1,130 1,080 3,107,500 2,862,000 Connecticut .............: 930 930 45,570 43,710 Delaware ................: 850 930 12,750 12,090 Florida .................: 950 940 1,596,000 1,588,600 Georgia .................: 900 900 981,000 981,000 : Hawaii ..................: 800 720 112,000 102,240 Idaho ...................: 1,070 1,050 2,642,900 2,625,000 Illinois ................: 1,040 1,080 1,133,600 1,134,000 Indiana .................: 920 980 772,800 833,000 Iowa ....................: 1,100 1,130 4,235,000 4,124,500 Kansas ..................: 1,050 1,060 6,720,000 6,890,000 Kentucky ................: 830 890 1,751,300 1,860,100 Louisiana ...............: 920 970 717,600 751,750 Maine ...................: 900 930 72,000 70,680 Maryland ................: 910 970 162,890 171,690 : Massachusetts ...........: 860 890 29,240 32,930 Michigan ................: 960 1,000 1,104,000 1,140,000 Minnesota ...............: 970 980 2,192,200 2,097,200 Mississippi .............: 860 870 791,200 800,400 Missouri ................: 970 1,030 4,171,000 4,429,000 Montana .................: 1,300 1,270 3,250,000 3,111,500 Nebraska ................: 1,170 1,210 7,897,500 8,288,500 Nevada ..................: 1,190 1,140 571,200 535,800 New Hampshire ...........: 910 910 29,120 29,120 New Jersey ..............: 1,000 970 28,000 24,250 : New Mexico ..............: 1,060 1,040 1,515,800 1,445,600 New York ................: 980 1,000 1,430,800 1,420,000 North Carolina ..........: 740 780 599,400 624,000 North Dakota ............: 1,330 1,350 2,500,400 2,632,500 Ohio ....................: 890 950 1,148,100 1,197,000 Oklahoma ................: 990 990 5,098,500 5,247,000 Oregon ..................: 1,140 1,130 1,459,200 1,412,500 Pennsylvania ............: 920 970 1,398,400 1,387,100 Rhode Island ............: 1,070 960 4,601 3,360 South Carolina ..........: 840 820 285,600 270,600 : South Dakota ............: 1,240 1,190 4,836,000 4,760,000 Tennessee ...............: 850 880 1,538,500 1,575,200 Texas ...................: 970 970 12,513,000 12,707,000 Utah ....................: 1,180 1,160 967,600 928,000 Vermont .................: 990 1,000 247,500 245,000 Virginia ................: 870 870 1,261,500 1,209,300 Washington ..............: 1,030 1,060 1,236,000 1,208,400 West Virginia ...........: 900 950 355,500 356,250 Wisconsin ...............: 930 990 3,208,500 3,415,500 Wyoming .................: 1,250 1,270 1,650,000 1,651,000 : United States ...........: 1,026 1,040 96,195,731 97,380,830 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received Value per Head and Total Value for Hogs - States and United States: December 1, 2019 and 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Value per head : Total value State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- dollars ---- ----- 1,000 dollars ---- : Alabama .................: 110 115 3,960 1,380 Alaska ..................: 220 225 418 428 Arizona .................: 110 116 17,710 16,356 Arkansas ................: 105 110 12,285 13,860 California ..............: 145 150 15,370 14,850 Colorado ................: 105 107 79,800 67,410 Connecticut .............: 145 150 580 600 Delaware ................: 110 110 770 770 Florida .................: 112 117 1,120 1,521 Georgia .................: 100 104 6,200 3,952 : Hawaii ..................: 170 175 1,870 1,750 Idaho ...................: 110 112 3,850 3,584 Illinois ................: 102 98 555,900 534,100 Indiana .................: 102 106 448,800 471,700 Iowa ....................: 102 97 2,539,800 2,405,600 Kansas ..................: 100 103 216,000 210,120 Kentucky ................: 93 97 40,455 44,620 Louisiana ...............: 110 113 660 678 Maine ...................: 120 125 552 625 Maryland ................: 120 125 2,400 2,313 : Massachusetts ...........: 105 108 840 972 Michigan ................: 99 96 122,760 124,800 Minnesota ...............: 102 99 958,800 930,600 Mississippi .............: 106 109 20,140 11,990 Missouri ................: 103 105 345,050 393,750 Montana .................: 113 118 23,730 24,190 Nebraska ................: 103 104 391,400 379,600 Nevada ..................: 120 120 600 300 New Hampshire ...........: 115 118 391 448 New Jersey ..............: 120 124 900 930 : New Mexico ..............: 115 117 230 152 New York ................: 105 111 5,565 7,659 North Carolina ..........: 96 94 902,400 846,000 North Dakota ............: 100 102 14,200 14,586 Ohio ....................: 104 100 286,000 265,000 Oklahoma ................: 116 119 263,320 247,520 Oregon ..................: 115 118 1,265 1,062 Pennsylvania ............: 100 106 133,000 147,340 Rhode Island ............: 120 120 192 180 South Carolina ..........: 95 102 18,525 19,176 : South Dakota ............: 102 98 204,000 197,960 Tennessee ...............: 93 91 23,250 23,660 Texas ...................: 114 118 129,960 127,440 Utah ....................: 105 108 100,800 108,000 Vermont .................: 135 138 486 552 Virginia ................: 96 94 32,640 29,140 Washington ..............: 115 118 1,955 2,006 West Virginia ...........: 105 106 315 318 Wisconsin ...............: 101 96 36,865 38,400 Wyoming .................: 110 119 10,340 11,305 : United States ...........: 102 100 7,978,419 7,751,253 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received Value per Head and Total Value for Sheep and Lambs - States and United States: January 1, 2020 and 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Value per head : Total value State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- dollars ---- ----- 1,000 dollars ---- : Arizona .................: 169 174 17,745 19,140 California ..............: 210 215 119,700 119,325 Colorado ................: 205 209 87,125 93,005 Idaho ...................: 207 204 47,610 46,920 Illinois ................: 227 231 12,485 12,243 Indiana .................: 239 244 13,623 14,640 Iowa ....................: 229 233 34,579 37,280 Kansas ..................: 218 218 15,914 15,260 Kentucky ................: 195 200 12,090 11,600 Michigan ................: 199 203 16,915 17,661 : Minnesota ...............: 209 211 24,035 23,843 Missouri ................: 187 190 18,700 19,000 Montana .................: 210 215 42,000 43,000 Nebraska ................: 224 226 17,472 16,724 Nevada ..................: 230 228 14,950 13,452 New England 1/ ..........: 234 239 12,168 13,145 New Mexico ..............: 187 183 17,765 15,555 New York ................: 216 218 18,792 17,222 North Carolina ..........: 196 201 5,880 5,628 North Dakota ............: 200 204 15,000 14,892 : Ohio ....................: 228 233 28,728 29,358 Oklahoma ................: 233 229 12,116 11,679 Oregon ..................: 197 194 32,505 30,070 Pennsylvania ............: 207 212 19,872 20,564 South Dakota ............: 211 216 52,750 52,920 Tennessee ...............: 207 211 10,143 11,183 Texas ...................: 183 182 134,505 132,860 Utah ....................: 212 216 60,420 61,560 Virginia ................: 202 206 14,746 16,068 Washington ..............: 199 204 9,950 10,200 : West Virginia ...........: 187 192 6,171 5,760 Wisconsin ...............: 214 215 17,334 18,490 Wyoming .................: 215 212 73,100 72,080 : Other States 2/ .........: 234 194 29,450 29,100 : United States ...........: 205 207 1,066,338 1,071,427 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ New England includes Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. 2/ Individual State estimates not available for States not shown, but are included in Other States. Prices Received Value per Head and Total Value for Angora Goats - States and United States: January 1, 2020 and 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Value per head : Total value State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ dollars ------ --- 1,000 dollars --- : Arizona .................: 114.00 120.00 2,394 2,520 New Mexico ..............: 115.00 110.00 1,035 990 Texas ...................: 140.00 120.00 10,500 7,320 : 3-State average .........: 132.70 119.00 (X) (X) 3-State total ...........: (X) (X) 13,929 10,830 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (X) Not applicable. Other Hay Baled Market Year Average Prices Received - Selected Regions: 2016-2018, 2017-2019, and 2018-2020 Averages [Prices provided to the Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture to compute Eastern National Forest grazing fees] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Region : 3-year average :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2016-2018 : 2017-2019 : 2018-2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per ton : Appalachia 1/ ................: 120.10 121.70 125.10 Corn Belt 2/ .................: 98.90 110.50 116.70 Florida ......................: 156.60 152.90 150.30 Lake States 3/ ...............: 89.00 110.20 117.00 Northeast 4/ .................: 156.80 159.30 160.90 Southeast/Delta 5/ ...........: 99.70 99.90 100.60 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. 2/ Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, and Ohio. 3/ Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. 4/ Maine, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, and Vermont. 5/ Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina. Reliability of Prices Received Estimates Definition: Prices received represent sales from producers to first buyers. They include all grades and qualities. The average commodity price from the survey multiplied by the total quantity marketed theoretically should give the total cash receipts for the commodity. Survey procedures: Primary sales data used to determine grain prices were obtained from probability samples of about 1,900 mills and elevators. These procedures ensure that virtually all grain moving into commercial channels has a chance of being included in the survey. Generally, States surveyed account for 90 percent or more of total United States production. Livestock prices are obtained from packers, stockyards, auctions, dealers, and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, and state commodity groups and agencies. Inter-farm sales of grain and livestock are not included since they represent very small percentages of the total sales. Grain marketed for seed is also excluded. Fruit and vegetable prices are obtained from sample surveys and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, state agencies, and universities. Summary and estimation procedures: Survey quantities sold are expanded by strata to state levels and used to weight average strata prices to a state average. State prices are then weighted to a United States price based on expanded sales. Recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. State recommendations are reviewed for reasonableness with survey data, other States, and recent historic estimates. Revisions: In general, revisions are made during annual commodity market year estimation time, following five-year Census revisions, or when later information is received. Revisions are published in monthly issues of Agricultural Prices. Reliability: United States price estimates based on probability surveys generally have a sampling error of less than one percent for the major commodities such as corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton, and rice. Current methods of summarization for non-probability commodities are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors at around five percent. Any non- sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non-sampling errors. Program Changes: After the Council on Food, Agricultural and Resource Economics (C-FARE) 2009 program review which included changes in farm production practices, plans were implemented to make necessary program improvements in the agricultural price program. The index group structure for prices received was modified to maintain a more universal structure and consistency with the required 1910-1914 series. Modifications implemented January 2014 include the following: updated the current 1990-1992 base reference period to 2011; linked the 1910-1914 series to the updated base reference period, 2011; created index groups used universally by researchers, data users, and policymakers; and re-classified agricultural commodities into the index groups. Also, the modifications expanded the commodity coverage for vegetable, melon, non-citrus, and tree nuts; updated monthly market weights; and adjusted (normalized) current five year moving average cash receipts and farm input cost weights. Modifications implemented January 2015 discontinued preliminary prices and replaced the annual average index with an annual index. The February 2016 program update changed the rounding of the 2011 base period indexes to nearest tenth of a percent. The 1910-1914 base period indexes remain rounded to the nearest whole number. See Price Program Links at end of this report for program change details. January Prices Paid by Farmers The January Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 113.1, is up 0.8 percent from December 2020 and 2.0 percent from January 2020. Production: The January index, at 110.4, is up 0.9 percent from December 2020 and 2.6 percent from last year. Higher prices for LP gas, complete feeds, feeder pigs, and feed grains more than offset lower prices for feeder cattle, share rent, and cash rent. Feed: At 114.4, the January index increased 3.0 percent from last month and 10 percent from January 2020. Prices are higher than the previous month for complete feeds, feed grains, concentrates, hay and forages, and supplements. Livestock and poultry: The January index, at 103.4, is up 0.2 percent from December 2020 but down 3.6 percent from last year. Higher prices for feeder pigs and milk cows more than offset lower prices for feeder cattle. The feeder pigs price, $168.00 per cwt, is up $25.00 per cwt from the previous month. The feeder cattle price, at $139.00 per cwt, is down $3.00 per cwt from December. Fertilizer: The index for January, at 77.8, is up 2.5 percent from December 2020 and 13 percent from January a year ago. Compared with December, prices are higher for nitrogen, potash and phosphate, and mixed fertilizer. Chemicals: The January index, at 100.3, is up 0.7 percent from December 2020 and up 2.0 percent from last January. Fuels: At 91.4, the January index is up 14 percent from December 2020 and 17 percent from January 2020. Compared with December, prices are higher for LP gas, diesel, and gasoline. Machinery: The index for January, at 125.4, increased 0.8 percent from December 2020 and 0.7 percent from last January. Compared with last month, prices are higher for other machinery, tractors, and self- propelled machinery. Consumer Price Index: The January 2021 Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), as issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, increased 1.4 percent over the last 12 months to an index level of 261.582 (1982- 1984=100). For the month, the index increased 0.4 percent prior to seasonal adjustment. Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios - United States: January 2021 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910-1914 Base : 2011 Base Index Group :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- and : January : December : January : January : December : January Ratios : 2020 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2020 : 2021 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Prices paid by farmers for : commodities, services, : interest, taxes, and wage : rates (PPITW) ...................: 3001 3038 3062 110.9 112.2 113.1 Production ....................: 2239 2278 2298 107.6 109.4 110.4 Feed ........................: 1143 1224 1261 103.8 111.1 114.4 Livestock and poultry .......: 2118 2037 2042 107.3 103.2 103.4 Seeds .......................: 3800 3711 3711 115.6 112.9 112.9 Fertilizer ..................: 828 914 937 68.8 75.9 77.8 Chemicals ...................: 883 895 901 98.3 99.6 100.3 Fuels .......................: 2187 2240 2558 78.2 80.1 91.4 Supplies and repairs ........: 1362 1384 1389 115.5 117.3 117.7 : Autos and trucks ............: 3264 3308 3314 106.2 107.6 107.8 Machinery ...................: 7606 7603 7660 124.5 124.4 125.4 Building materials ..........: 2756 2885 2937 118.5 124.0 126.3 Services and rent ...........: 2484 2495 2483 (NA) (NA) (NA) Services ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) 116.5 117.3 117.8 Rent ........................: (NA) (NA) (NA) 117.8 117.8 115.5 : Interest 1/ ...................: 3678 3678 3696 100.9 100.9 101.4 Taxes 2/ ......................: 7048 7048 7143 118.7 118.7 120.4 Wage rates ....................: 9778 9644 9644 136.6 134.7 134.7 Family living-CPI 3/ ..........: 2451 2474 2485 114.7 115.8 116.3 : Production, interest, taxes, : and wage rates (PITW) .........: 3109 3149 3176 110.3 111.7 112.6 : Ratio (received/paid) ...........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 80 81 80 Parity ratio 4/ .................: 31 31 30 (NA) (NA) (NA) Parity ratio adjusted 5/ ........: 35 35 32 (NA) (NA) (NA) PPITW adjusted for : productivity 6/ ...............: 1702 1701 1716 (NA) (NA) (NA) : Crop sector (PPITW) .............: (NA) (NA) (NA) 111.5 112.4 112.9 Livestock sector (PPITW) ........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 110.2 112.1 113.4 : Farm sector (production) ........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 107.1 108.8 110.5 Non-farm sector (production) ....: (NA) (NA) (NA) 107.8 109.8 110.4 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Interest per acre on farm real estate debt and interest rate on farm non-real estate debt. 2/ Farm real estate taxes payable per acre. 3/ Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (CPI-U), converted by the USDA. 4/ Ratio of index of prices received to PPITW (1910-1914=100). 5/ Based on estimated cash receipts, from marketings and government payments, the preliminary adjustment factor is updated annually. 6/ PPITW is adjusted based on productivity trend for the prior 15 years. Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components - United States: January 2021 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Relative weights are a five year moving average] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Relative weights : Indexes (2011=100) :------------------------------------------------------- Index Group : : : January :December : January : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2020 : 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Production items ............: 72.9 72.8 107.6 109.4 110.4 : Feed ......................: 13.3 13.8 103.8 111.1 114.4 Feed grains .............: 1.9 2.0 63.2 69.5 73.8 Complete feeds ..........: 6.5 6.7 109.8 118.7 122.4 Hay and forages .........: 1.7 1.7 103.4 102.4 104.1 Concentrates ............: 2.1 2.2 116.0 127.0 130.3 Supplements .............: 1.1 1.2 115.4 121.0 122.2 Livestock and poultry .....: 9.2 9.5 107.3 103.2 103.4 Feeder cattle ...........: 7.2 7.4 107.8 103.4 101.8 Feeder pigs .............: 0.7 0.8 114.3 102.1 120.0 Milk cow replacements ...: 0.7 0.8 91.5 94.4 95.8 Poultry .................: 0.6 0.6 113.1 113.1 113.1 : Seeds .....................: 5.1 5.0 115.6 112.9 112.9 Field crops .............: 4.6 4.6 114.0 111.6 111.6 Grasses and legumes .....: 0.5 0.5 131.8 125.4 125.4 Fertilizer ................: 5.1 5.4 68.8 75.9 77.8 Mixed fertilizer ........: 2.2 2.4 70.6 76.2 76.8 Nitrogen ................: 2.1 2.3 69.2 74.3 77.6 Potash and phosphate ....: 0.7 0.8 61.8 79.7 81.6 Chemicals .................: 3.5 3.6 98.3 99.6 100.3 Herbicides ..............: 2.2 2.2 99.8 101.3 102.0 Insecticides ............: 0.8 0.8 93.5 93.8 94.5 Fungicides and other ....: 0.5 0.5 99.4 101.5 102.2 : Fuels .....................: 3.2 3.3 78.2 80.1 91.4 Diesel ..................: 2.0 2.0 73.7 63.2 65.5 Gasoline ................: 0.7 0.7 77.2 67.9 71.9 LP gas ..................: 0.5 0.5 95.9 158.0 211.7 Supplies and repairs ......: 4.6 4.5 115.5 117.3 117.7 Supplies ................: 1.5 1.5 116.3 118.8 119.7 Repairs .................: 3.0 3.0 115.1 116.6 116.7 Autos and trucks ..........: 1.2 1.1 106.2 107.6 107.8 Autos ...................: 0.2 0.1 100.8 102.2 102.5 Trucks ..................: 1.1 1.0 107.0 108.4 108.6 : Machinery .................: 4.7 4.3 124.5 124.4 125.4 Tractors ................: 1.0 0.9 111.6 112.4 113.3 Self-propelled ..........: 1.9 1.7 129.5 127.5 128.0 Other machinery .........: 1.8 1.6 126.7 128.1 129.6 Building materials ........: 4.0 3.7 118.5 124.0 126.3 Services ..................: 11.9 11.8 116.5 117.3 117.8 Custom rates ............: 1.2 1.2 119.6 119.6 119.6 Other services ..........: 10.7 10.6 116.1 117.0 117.6 Rent ......................: 7.1 6.8 117.8 117.8 115.5 Cash ....................: 3.8 3.6 124.7 124.7 123.3 Share ...................: 3.3 3.1 109.7 109.7 106.5 : Interest ....................: 2.6 2.5 100.9 100.9 101.4 Taxes .......................: 3.1 3.1 118.7 118.7 120.4 Wage rates ..................: 7.4 7.5 136.6 134.7 134.7 Family living-CPI ...........: 14.0 14.1 114.7 115.8 116.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Feed Price Ratios - United States: January 2021 with Comparisons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Feed price ratio 1/ : January 2020 :December 2020 : January 2021 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Broiler-feed: pounds of broiler grower feed equal : in value to 1 pound of broiler, live weight 2/ ......: 4.9 3.8 3.6 : Market egg feed: pounds of laying feed equal in : value to 1 dozen eggs 3/ ............................: 5.6 4.7 6.6 : Hog-corn: bushels of corn equal in value to : 100 pounds of hog, live weight ......................: 12.6 12.4 11.8 : Milk-feed: pounds of 16% mixed dairy feed equal : in value to 1 pound of whole milk 4/ ................: 2.42 2.18 1.98 : Steer & heifer-corn: bushels of corn equal : in value to 100 pounds of steer & heifers, : live weight .......................................: 33.0 28.0 26.4 : Turkey-feed: pounds of turkey grower equal in : value to 1 pound of turkey, live weight 5/ ..........: 6.7 6.9 6.7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Effective January 1995, prices of commercial prepared feeds are based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, alfalfa hay, and all wheat. 2/ The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 58 percent corn and 42 percent soybeans. 3/ The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 75 percent corn and 25 percent soybeans. 4/ The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa. 5/ The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat. Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios - United States: January 2021 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : January 2020 :December 2020 : January 2021 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Broilers, live ................pound: 0.494 0.438 0.432 Eggs, market ..................dozen: 0.487 0.452 0.670 : Hogs, all .......................cwt: 47.80 49.10 50.20 Milk, all .......................cwt: 19.60 18.50 17.50 : Steers and heifers ..............cwt: 125.00 111.00 112.00 Turkeys, live .................pound: 0.625 0.721 0.723 : Corn .........................bushel: 3.79 3.97 4.24 Hay, alfalfa ....................ton: 169.00 169.00 171.00 : Soybeans .....................bushel: 8.84 10.50 10.90 Wheat, all ...................bushel: 4.88 5.43 5.48 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: January 2021 with Comparisons [Price data source is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : January 2020 :December 2020 : January 2021 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Feeder cattle & calves ..........cwt: 148.00 142.00 139.00 Feeder pigs .....................cwt: 160.00 143.00 168.00 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates Definition: Prices paid by farmers represent the average costs of inputs purchased by farmers and ranchers to produce agricultural commodities. Conceptually, the average price when multiplied by quantity purchased should equal total producer expenditures for the item. Survey procedures: The prices paid data are obtained from establishments that sell goods and services to farmers and ranchers. Annually, about 8,500 firms are randomly selected from lists by type of item sold with an average response rate in the range of 75-80 percent. Firms are asked to report the price for the specified item "most commonly bought by farmers" or that was the "volume seller". Approximately 135 items are surveyed each March to represent all production input items purchased. The survey reference period for most items is the five business days centered at the 15th of the month. Separate prices paid surveys are conducted for agricultural chemicals, fuels, feed, fertilizer, machinery, and seed. Summary and estimation procedures: The annual March Prices Paid Survey is summarized as a non-probability survey. Average prices reported are aggregated to the region and United States level using weights available from expenditure data and other administrative sources. Price recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and Headquarters for review by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. Also, the change in price level for individual items surveyed are combined to the regional and United States levels, and are published as prices paid indexes referenced to a specific base period. Prices paid indexes for new autos and trucks, building materials, farm supplies, motor supplies, and marketing containers are updated based on price changes measured in selected Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) indexes. Revisions: Any revisions are published in the monthly and in annual issues of Agricultural Prices. The basis for revision must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. More revisions are likely for March when separate prices paid surveys are conducted, in lieu of BLS indexes, by the USDA to measure price change. Reliability: Current methods of summarization for the March data are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors for major items around 10 percent. Any non-sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non- sampling errors. Program change: Effective January 2014, the National Agricultural Statistics Service modified the five-year moving weights and updated the base reference period. In January 2015, publication of preliminary prices was suspended, and the annual average index was replaced by an annual index. As of January 2014, the 1990-1992 base reference period was updated to 2011. Five-year moving average weights are adjusted (normalized) to minimize the effects of price changes. The 1910-1914=100 price indexes, required by statute for computing parity prices, were linked forward based on the changes in the new 2011=100 indexes. The new indexes were constructed by multiplying the ratios of the current prices to the base period prices by the moving average weights. Modifications implemented January 2015 discontinued preliminary prices and replaced the annual average index with an annual index. The April 2015 program update discontinued publication of the annual March survey prices paid data. The February 2016 program update changed the rounding of the 2011 base period indexes to nearest tenth of a percent. The 1910-1914 base period indexes remain rounded to the nearest whole number. See Price Program Links at end of this report for program change details. Information Contacts General Tony Dorn, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch...................................... (202) 720-6146 Crop Prices Received Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch ........................................................................ (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section................................................................ (202) 720-2127 Greg Lemmons - Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet............................................................ (202) 720-9526 James Johanson - Barley, Hay........................................................................... (202) 690-8533 Joshua Bates - Oats, Soybeans.......................................................................... (202) 690-3234 John Stephens - Peanuts, Rice.......................................................................... (202) 720-7688 Jean Porter - Rye, Wheat............................................................................... (202) 720-8068 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum........................................................ (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Canola, Mustard Seed, Rapeseed, Safflower, Sunflower.................................. (202) 720-7369 Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section....................................... (202) 720-2127 Heidi Lanouette - Blueberries, Cranberries, Cucumbers, Pistachios, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Raspberries, Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes........................... (202) 720-4285 Robert Little - Apricots, Dry Beans, Lettuce, Macadamia, Maple Syrup, Nectarines, Pears, Snap Beans, Spinach, Tomatoes................................................... (202) 720-3250 Anastasiya Osborne - Almonds, Apples, Asparagus, Carrots, Coffee, Onions Plums, Prunes, Sweet Corn, Tobacco................................................................. (202) 720-4288 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Cauliflower, Celery, Garlic, Grapefruit, Hazelnuts, Kiwifruit, Lemons, Mandarins and Tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges...................... (202) 720-5412 Fleming Gibson - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cabbage, Chickpeas, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Grapes, Hops, Pecans........................................... (202) 720-2127 Antonio Torres - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Papayas, Peaches, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Walnuts, Watermelons.............................. (202) 720-2157 Livestock Prices Received Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch.................................................................. (202) 692-0069 Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section.................................................................... (202) 690-2424 Logan Hartley - Sheep and Goats........................................................................ (202) 690-3236 Ryan Cowen - Cattle and Cattle on Feed................................................................. (202) 720-3040 Mike Miller - Milk, Milk Cows.......................................................................... (202) 720-3278 Seth Riggins - Hogs and Pigs........................................................................... (202) 720-3106 Vacant, Head, Poultry and Specialty Commodities Section Fatema Haque - Turkeys................................................................................. (202) 720-3244 Autumn Stone - Eggs.................................................................................... (202) 690-3676 Adam Peters - Honey.................................................................................... (202) 690-3237 Takiyah Walker - Broilers.............................................................................. (202) 720-6147 Indexes, Prices Paid, and Parity Prices Tony Dorn, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch...................................... (202) 720-6146 Bruce Boess, Head, Economics Section..................................................................... (202) 720-4447 Kuan Chen - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes, Prices Paid for Feed, Fertilizer, Chemicals, Seeds, Fuels, Farm Supplies and Repairs, Farm Machinery, Feeder Livestock, Poultry Chicks, Feed Price Ratios.................................................................... (202) 690-3347 Max Reason - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes............................ (202) 720-8844 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" or "State" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Cornell's Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS's and other agency's archived reports. The new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from the new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via e-mail, you will have to go to the new website, create a new account and re-subscribe to the reports. If you need instructions to set up an account or subscribe, they are located at: https://usda.library.cornell.edu/help. You should whitelist notifications@usda-esmis.library.cornell.edu in your email client to avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@usda.gov. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax (202) 690-7442 or email at program.intake@usda.gov. Price Program Links Economics and Prices http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_Subject/Economics_and_Prices/index.php January 2014 Price Program Update http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/updates.pdf January 2015 Price Program Update http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/update2015.pdf April 2015 Price Program Update http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/updateApr2015.p df February 2016 Price Program Update http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/updateFeb2016.p df