Crop Progress - State Stories ISSN: 2470-9816 Released February 25, 2020, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). ALABAMA: Average temperatures ranged from 0.5 to 8.4 degrees warmer than historical values. Total rainfall for the month ranged from trace amounts to 16.2 inches in Jefferson County. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, the State remained drought free throughout the month. Most of the State experienced excess rainfall, saturating cropland and pastures in many areas. Wheat and winter grazing conditions were good in some areas and struggling in other areas. Some wheat fields were under water and nitrogen applications were delayed. Cattle were in good condition overall; however, cattle producers were challenged with poor pasture condition and hay shortages. ALASKA: DATA NOT AVAILABLE ARIZONA: This report for Arizona is for the entire month of February 2020. By the end of the month, 65 percent of barley has been planted, 60 percent has emerged, and 17 percent has headed, according to the Mountain Regional Field Office of the National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA. Barley conditions were rated mostly excellent to good. Seventy-five percent of Durum wheat has been planted, 70 percent has emerged, and 4 percent has headed. Durum wheat conditions were rated mostly excellent. Alfalfa conditions were rated mostly excellent to good, depending on location last week with harvesting taking place on over three-questers of the alfalfa acreage across the State. For the entire State, pasture and range conditions were rated mostly fair to good. In the northwestern, north central, and southwestern part of the State, beneficial rain was received and has been improving forage growth and conditions. ARKANSAS: The month of February has been extremely wet with average temperatures. County agents were reporting that excessive rainfall was received throughout the month. This continued the trend of excessive rainfall from December and January. Many agents reported little to no fieldwork completed for the winter as fields have been too wet to access. Cattle condition is being reported as fair to good as hay supply is high as a result of the mild winter fostering growth of winter forages. There are several reports of rain preventing fields needing fertilization and weed control from receiving applications. CALIFORNIA: Topsoil moisture 25% very short, 40% short, 35% adequate. Subsoil moisture 10% very short, 50% short, 40% adequate. Temperatures for the month averaged 51.4 degrees, 1.1 degrees above normal. Statewide average precipitation was 0.05 inches. Almond trees are starting to bloom and pollination bees are out. Ground work for row crops is underway and grape pruning continues. The spinach harvest is wrapping up and lettuce is moving out with warmer days and cooler nights. Some areas are considering irrigating due to dry weather, as cattle continued to be provided supplemental feed. COLORADO: This report for Colorado is for the entire month of February 2020. Topsoil moisture 9% very short, 24% short, 67% adequate. Subsoil moisture 5% very short, 29% short, 66% adequate. Winter wheat condition 5% very poor, 8% poor, 28% fair, 58% good, 1% excellent. Cows calved 24%, 13% 2019. Ewes lambed 9%, 10% 2019. Livestock condition 2% poor, 20% fair, 73% good, 5% excellent. Pasture and range condition 5% very poor, 10% poor, 20% fair, 62% good, 3% excellent. Received moisture during February was mostly confined to northern and central counties across the State. Northwestern counties experienced several snowstorms during February, boosting snowpack in the high country. In northeastern counties, received moisture was very spotty and most areas remained very dry. Warm, windy weather and limited moisture were a primary concern for dryland crop and rangeland conditions. Reports indicated winter wheat stands in areas were thin with little protective cover and soils susceptible to blowing. Mild conditions were beneficial for calving and lambing. East central counties also remained dry, but a few areas experienced snow storms with good moisture content. Counties in the southwestern and San Luis Valley districts received little moisture during February. In southeastern counties, precipitation was limited and topsoil moisture was noted as very dry. Winter wheat was in need of moisture to keep fields from blowing. Without rain to improve pasture condition, livestock producers were concerned with its ability to support herds going into spring and summer. As of February 20, 2020, snowpack in the state was 112 percent measured as percent of median snowfall. DELAWARE: The month of February was marked by mild conditions. Both warmer than normal temperatures and soil temperatures were reported. Soil moisture conditions have been consistently good according to reporters. Small grains and some areas of pasture forages have started to green up as a result of the mild weather. Another result has been earlier than normal budding in tree fruit. While damage to the tree fruits has not yet been present, reporters expressed concern for increased vulnerability of tree fruit crop associated with such ahead-of-schedule budding. Fluctuation of temperatures has been hard on livestock and poultry. At times, wet ground has prevented any field work. Fieldwork activities for farmers have included top dressing wheat and generally applying manure/lime/fertilizer to small grains. Watermelon fields are being prepped with rye strips. FLORIDA: February temperatures were on average 1 to 7 degrees warmer than historical values. Total rainfall for the month ranged from 0.5 inches in multiple locations to 8.2 inches in Santa Rosa County. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, less than 10 percent of the State had moderate drought conditions throughout the month. Pasture conditions remained mostly fair to good. Many pastures were dry throughout the first half of the month, and some supplemental feeding was reported. Cattle conditions remained mostly good. Some cattle herds were thinning out in the latter part of the month. Sugarcane harvest was ongoing. Pest and disease pressures were reported on strawberries throughout the month. Many vegetable growers wrapped up planting spring crops. A wide range of vegetable crops came to market including avocado, green beans, herbs, squash, sweet corn, tomatoes, and zucchini. Citrus fruit harvested for the fresh market included white and red grapefruit, early and midseason oranges, tangerines, and tangelos. Packinghouses were packing midseason oranges, grapefruit, and several mandarin varieties. Early and midseason oranges were winding down for the season by mid-month. Field staff reported seeing color break on late variety oranges and signs of early bloom throughout the month. Citrus grove activities were normal for this time of year, which included mowing before harvest, spraying, hedging, irrigation, and fertilization. GEORGIA: February temperatures were on average 1 to 6 degrees warmer than historical values. Total rainfall for the month ranged from 1.8 inches in Glynn County to 19.1 inches in Cherokee County. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, less than 1 percent of the State had moderate drought conditions throughout the month. Frequent and prolonged rain events flooded ponds, pastures, small grains, and row crop fields throughout the State for much of the month. In many areas, the unfavorable weather led to winter grazing remaining too insufficient to offset hay and grain feeding. Since the fall drought resulted in short supplies of hay, and since weather patterns resulted in limited grazing potential, some cattle operators had only a small reserve of hay stocks while others were driving increasing distances to purchase hay. Saturated pastures made providing hay to cattle difficult. Despite the weather and feed limitations, cattle were in fair to good condition overall. Only producers in the southernmost counties were able to enter fields between rain events to prepare them for spring planting as well as apply fertilizers and pesticides on small grains and winter grazing. The remainder of the State was generally precluded from fieldwork, especially fertilizer applications, which resulted in small grains showing signs of nutrient deficiencies in many areas. However, some producers were able to spread fertilizers and pesticides through aerial applications, thus improving their small grain condition. Some small grain fields and pastures with good drainage had average to above-average growth and quality from the unseasonably warm temperatures. Vegetable growers in several counties battled disease problems brought on by the wet conditions. Likewise, the spring onion crop struggled with disease pressure because wet weather prevented fungicide applications. Fruit trees began to bloom. Pecan growers pruned trees and planted new ones. HAWAII: DATA NOT AVAILABLE IDAHO: Idaho had a milder winter in the north but cold conditions continued in the eastern region. Benewah and Kootenai Counties reported warming weather-temperatures in the high 40s in the day, freezing temperatures at night. Weather was favorable for calving across the Panhandle. There was above-average snowpack at higher elevations. Fall seeded crops were in good condition in Lewis County. Grass and winter wheat were greening up in Boundary County. Soil was still frozen, so no fieldwork was possible. Most fields in Latah and Nez Perce Counties were not snow-covered but snow existed on northern slopes. There was significant rainfall two weeks ago, followed by a dry week last week. Southwestern Idaho continued to have mild winter weather. Calving progressed nicely and hay stocks were in good condition. Mountain snow levels were above average in South-central Idaho; there was no current snow on the valley floor. Jerome and Twin Falls Counties had unexpected rain and snow in February. Temperatures at the end of the month were below average and the ground was frozen. There were good conditions for calving. Lincoln County had cold temperatures and windy days for the last two weeks. Snow was, for the most part, melted. Cattle were in good condition. Blaine County had a low snowpack. The northeastern corner of Idaho was still covered in snow banks and experienced cold temperatures. Ranchers were calving in Lemhi County. Eastern Idaho continued to have snow and cold weather conditions. Calving and lambing conditions were progressing. ILLINOIS: For the week ending on February 23, 2020. Topsoil moisture 63% adequate, 37% surplus. Subsoil moisture 73% adequate, 27% surplus. Winter wheat condition 2% very poor, 6% poor, 36% fair, 46% good, 10% excellent. Statewide, the average temperature in February was 30.8 degrees, 1.7 degrees above normal. Precipitation averaged 1.52 inches, 0.06 inches below normal. INDIANA: Topsoil moisture for the month of February was 3% short, 67% adequate, and 30% surplus. Subsoil moisture for the month was 6% short, 67% adequate, and 27% surplus. Winter wheat condition was rated 1% very poor, 5% poor, 35% fair, 50% good, and 9% excellent. Statewide temperatures averaged 32.6 degrees, 3.1 degrees above normal for the month of February. Statewide average precipitation was 2.12 inches, 0.27 inches above normal. The month of February started off unseasonably warm and wet, with sporadic snow events and rain sweeping much of the State. Colder temperatures took hold in the latter half of the month. The above average precipitation maintained the relatively high soil moisture levels from January, hindering field activity in some areas. Winter wheat conditions were relatively stable throughout the month. Muddy conditions were also reported to be negatively impacting livestock, especially with calving taking place. Other activities for the month included hauling grain, spreading lime and fertilizer where possible, preparing equipment for spring, and visiting FSA offices to enroll in farm programs. IOWA: Overall, weather for the month of February has been fairly mild although temperatures ranged from subzero levels to over 50 degrees in parts of the State. A few areas in the northern half of Iowa remain snow covered, but recent warmer temperatures have been melting the accumulated snow pack. There were a few reports of grain stored on-farm going out of condition. Grain movement was normal across the State. Producers started applying dry fertilizer and lime where field conditions allowed. Reports of calving and lambing were received. Muddy feedlot conditions have been a challenge this winter. Hay supplies remain adequate. KANSAS: For the month of February 2020, topsoil moisture supplies rated 9% very short, 13% short, 61% adequate, and 17% surplus. Subsoil moisture supplies rated 9% very short, 15% short, 64% adequate, and 12% surplus. Winter wheat condition rated 6% very poor, 14% poor, 45% fair, 33% good, and 2% excellent. KENTUCKY: For the month of February, Kentucky saw above normal temperatures and above normal precipitation. Exceptional rainfall in the first two weeks of the month led to saturated ground and periodic flooding. Temperatures for the period averaged 40 degrees across the State which was 4 degrees warmer than normal. Precipitation (liq. equ.) for the period totaled 5.03 inches statewide which was 2.07 inches above normal and 170% of normal. The abundance of precipitation has damaged pasture ground. Hay supplies have been depleted due to a drought at the end of the summer along with a very wet fall and winter. For the month of February, hay supplies 14% very short, 35% short, 48% adequate, 3% surplus. Despite stressed pastureland and drastic changes in weather, the condition of livestock was mostly good. Livestock conditions 3% very poor, 8% poor 26% fair, 54% good, 9% excellent. Winter wheat top dressing has been delayed, however the crop remains in mostly good condition. Condition of winter wheat 1% very poor, 2% poor, 11% fair, 63% good, 23% excellent. Tobacco stripping 98% complete. LOUISIANA: The month of February has been wet and soils are saturated in many areas. Fieldwork has come to a halt with the consistent rainfall and it appears this is likely to continue for several more weeks. Producers have only been able to do limited prep work due to the unstable field conditions and rain. The amount of rainfall has been unusual for this time of the year. Overall, average temperatures for the State are higher than normal for this time of year with seasonably cool and damp weather. MARYLAND: The month of February was marked by mild conditions. Both warmer than normal temperatures and soil temperatures were reported. Soil moisture conditions have been consistently good according to reporters. Small grains and some areas of pasture forages have started to green up as a result of the mild weather. Another result has been earlier than normal budding in tree fruit. While damage to the tree fruits has not yet been present, reporters expressed concern for increased vulnerability of tree fruit crop associated with such ahead-of-schedule budding. Fluctuation of temperatures has been hard on livestock and poultry. At times, wet ground has prevented any field work. Fieldwork activities for farmers have included top dressing wheat and generally applying manure/lime/fertilizer to small grains. Watermelon fields are being prepped with rye strips. MICHIGAN: Topsoil moisture 0% very short, 1% short, 49% adequate and 50% surplus. Subsoil moisture 0% very short, 1% short, 55% adequate, and 44% surplus. Winter wheat condition rated 9% very poor, 13% poor, 40% fair, 30% good, and 8% excellent. Precipitation for the month of February to date averaged 0.87 inches throughout the State, 0.31 inches below normal. Temperature for the month of February to date averaged 22.8 degrees, 1.6 degrees above normal. In the Upper Peninsula and the northern half of the Lower Peninsula, temperatures have remained cold enough to keep the ground frozen and snow cover consistent, even without any major storms bringing large quantities of snow to the State. In the southern half of the Lower Peninsula, many areas have minimal or no snow cover, and soil moisture has kept fields muddy. The higher than normal water table has raised concerns of another potential late planting season. Winter wheat conditions varied widely across the State. In addition to having fewer acres planted than in past years, much of the wheat was planted later than normal in poorer field conditions with fewer growing degree days to help the crop get a good start. At this point, factors affecting wheat condition include soil types, drainage, or whether the field was snow covered, iced over, or contained standing water. Cold conditions have kept fruit crops back, but there have been no extreme cold events that would have caused fruit injury. Maple producers have begun tapping trees. Livestock have been doing well with the mild winter conditions. MINNESOTA: February was near seasonal norms, with roughly average precipitation amounts if not slightly below and near normal temperatures for much of the State. Snow cover led to reports of no frost or shallower than normal frost levels in the soil. Flooding concerns are somewhat mitigated as tiles are running and soils may be able to absorb some of that snow melt. Limited reports of corn harvesting on warmer days were received, and that the few that did harvest stated moisture dropped roughly 5 percentage points from the fall. However, much of the still standing corn will likely not be harvested until spring. Concerns for a lack of fall tillage in 2019 may put some producers behind schedule this spring. Overall February livestock conditions have been reported as good with little winter stress. Reports were received that sheep shearing and lambing are still in occurrence, along with the start of calving season. Hay supplies were reported as neither short nor abundant, with some going to hay auctions and others having no need for additional hay. MISSISSIPPI: Conditions for the month of February have been very wet. Fieldwork has been very limited due to excess rain and muddy conditions. Producers are looking for some dry weather in order to begin field prepping and planting activities. Rains have also hampered winter season forage growth and grazing. Due to excessive moisture, many producers are seeing unfavorable pasture conditions. Most are feeding hay and trying to keep from rutting fields more than they already are. The average rainfall was about 8.6 inches for the month of February with an average temperature of about 48 degrees. Overall, average temperatures for the State have been slightly below normal for this time of year, and average rainfall has been greater than normal for February. MISSOURI: For the week ending February 23, 2020. Topsoil moisture 1% short, 49% adequate, 50% surplus. Subsoil moisture 1% short, 62% adequate, 37% surplus. Winter wheat condition 1% very poor, 8% poor, 50% fair, 37% good, 4% excellent. Conditions overall for the month were slightly warmer and drier than normal with the State averaging 1.71 inches of precipitation for the month, 0.02 inches below average. Temperatures for the month averaged 33.8 degrees for the State, 0.2 degrees above normal. MONTANA: This report for Montana is for the entire month of February 2020. Topsoil moisture 8% very short, 10% short, 68% adequate, 14% surplus. Subsoil moisture 1% very short, 11% short, 75% adequate, 13% surplus. Winter wheat - condition 23% poor, 40% fair, 25% good, 12% excellent. Winter wheat - wind damage 47% none, 49% light, 4% moderate. Winter wheat - freeze and drought damage 43% none, 53% light, 4% moderate. Winter wheat - protectiveness of snow cover 17% very poor, 25% poor, 37% fair, 18% good, 3% excellent. Pasture and range - condition 3% very poor, 5% poor, 31% fair, 45% good, 16% excellent. Livestock grazing accessibility - 44% open, 24% difficult, 32% closed. Livestock receiving supplemental feed - cattle and calves 97% fed. Livestock receiving supplemental feed - sheep and lambs 96% fed. Cows calved 2%. Ewes lambed 1%. The month of February produced warm winter conditions with above average temperatures across the State of Montana, according to the Mountain Regional Field Office of the National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA. Reporters in Prairie and Roosevelt counties noted unseasonably warm temperatures melted snow cover. NEBRASKA: For the month of February 2020, topsoil moisture supplies rated 3% very short, 11% short, 79% adequate, and 7% surplus. Subsoil moisture supplies rated 1% very short, 8% short, 83% adequate, and 8% surplus. Winter wheat condition rated 1% very poor, 4% poor, 26% fair, 65% good, and 4% excellent. NEVADA: Topsoil moisture 40% very short, 30% short, 30% adequate. Subsoil moisture 30% very short, 30% short, 40% adequate. Temperatures for the month averaged 36.6 degrees, 1.5 degrees above normal. Statewide average precipitation was 0.16 inches. NEW ENGLAND: New England states experienced fewer days of cold temperatures than normal with some rain and below average snow for the month. Warm temperatures going up and down could lead to an early maple sap season. In New Hampshire, Maple producers were busy during the month tapping trees. Extreme temperature changes during the month caused some concern with small fruit and tree fruit plants. Orchardists busy pruning tree fruits. Growers getting ready for the growing season. Work being done seeding vegetables in greenhouses. According to a Massachusetts reporter, cranberry crop is dormant at this point. In Maine, wide temperature fluctuations from -20 degrees F to +25 degrees F have put stress on livestock and livestock watering systems. In Vermont, good snow storm in the beginning of the month provided great cover and has remained throughout. NEW JERSEY: For the month of February, warm weather condition prevailed across our region encouraging early soil cultivation in preparation for spring planting right at the beginning of the third weekend of the month. Temperature fluctuations were a concern to fruit growers due to early bud break. The highest reported temperature was registered at 55.1 Fahrenheit degrees and the low at 18.4 Fahrenheit degree during the first and third week of the month respectively. Greenhouses and high tunnels are being planted, not much concern for vegetables growers. NEW MEXICO: This report for New Mexico is for the entire month of February 2020. Topsoil moisture 18% very short, 31% short, 50% adequate, 1% surplus. Subsoil moisture 21% very short, 35% short, 44% adequate. Pecans harvested 94%. Winter wheat condition 10% very poor, 20% poor, 55% fair, 15% good. Cows calved 19%, 14% 2019. Cattle receiving supplemental feed 84%, 90% 2019. Cattle condition 5% poor, 47% fair, 41% good, 7% excellent. Ewes lambed 20%, 9% 2019. Sheep receiving supplemental feed 74%, 78% 2019. Sheep and lambs condition 1% very poor, 3% poor, 31% fair, 65% good. Hay and roughage supplies 24% very short, 22% short, 53% adequate, 1% surplus. Stock water supplies 4% very short, 26% short, 70% adequate. Dry conditions during the month of February depleted soil moisture supplies throughout the State. Reports noted pecan harvest was nearly complete at the end of the month. In Northwest counties, conditions were notably dry and producers continued to feed hay and supplements to livestock. Limited stock water supplies meant producers were hauling in water. In Northeast counties, reports stated varying amounts of precipitation were received and concentrated in eastern counties, while other areas remained dry. Cattle continued to winter on corn stalks and dryland wheat, where available. Reports stated some livestock were being pulled off dryland wheat pasture. They also stated areas with adequate moisture were waiting for warmer soil temperatures to encourage wheat growth. The United States Drought Monitor released on February 20 noted that the State remained free of exceptional and extreme drought (D3 and D4). Severe drought (D2) covered 11.8 percent of the State, unchanged from the Drought Monitor for January 30. The area classified in moderate drought (D1) - currently 16.8 percent - showed a decrease from January 30 at 20.1 percent. Overall, conditions rated abnormally dry or worse were evident across 56.4 percent of the State, a 14.2 percentage point improvement when compared with the end of January. Drought free conditions were present across 43.6 percent of the State. NEW YORK: The month of February was primarily characterized as warmer than normal throughout the majority of the State with little snow and more rain. Temperatures were as high as the 50's in some areas. Vineyards on Long Island did some dormant pruning. NORTH CAROLINA: For the week ending February 23, 2020; Subsoil moisture 1% short, 49% adequate, 50% surplus. Topsoil moisture 38% adequate, 62% surplus. Barley condition 3% poor, 13% fair, 82% good, 2% excellent. Hay and roughage supplies 8% very short, 18% short, 72% adequate, 2% surplus. Oats condition 1% poor, 42% fair, 55% good, 2% excellent. Pasture and range condition 2% very poor, 19% poor, 42% fair, 35% good, 2% excellent. Winter wheat condition 1% very poor, 5% poor, 25% fair, 62% good, and 7% excellent. Throughout February, weather has been relatively warm and wet, with average high temps in the mid 50's and average lows in the lower 30's. Soil conditions for the most part have been too wet for field work. Recent rains has the soil moisture from adequate to saturated, which has wheat on wetter soils and not doing as well as it should. NORTH DAKOTA: For the month of February 2020, topsoil moisture supplies rated 0% very short, 1% short, 65% adequate, 34% surplus. Subsoil moisture supplies rated 0% very short, 1% short, 67% adequate, 32% surplus. Winter wheat condition rated 0% very poor, 1% poor, 16% fair, 75% good, 8% excellent. Corn harvested 61%. Sunflowers harvested 79%. Cattle and calf conditions, 1% very poor, 3% poor, 13% fair, 72% good, 11% excellent. Cattle and calf death loss, 2% heavy, 75% average, 23% light. Calving progress 9%. Sheep and lamb conditions, 1% very poor, 3% poor, 17% fair, 70% good, 9% excellent. Sheep and lamb death loss, 3% heavy, 75% average, 22% light. Lambing progress 20%. Shearing progress 35%. Hay and roughage supplies, 4% very short, 22% short, 64% adequate, 10% surplus. Stock water supplies, 0% very short, 1% short, 77% adequate, 22% surplus. OHIO: Topsoil moisture for the month was 1% short, 60% adequate, and 39% surplus. Subsoil moisture for the month was 1% short, 63% adequate, and 36% surplus. Winter wheat condition was rated 1% very poor, 2% poor, 25% fair, 62% good, and 10% excellent. The statewide average temperature was 32.7 degrees, 3.6 degrees above normal. The State was universally warm; every district was at least 2.8 degrees above normal. Precipitation averaged 2.19 inches statewide, 0.33 inches above normal for February, much of which was in the form of rain. The warmer and wetter February is causing difficulty for livestock producers as weather conditions are conducive to disease. Wet, muddy conditions were tough on pastured livestock. OKLAHOMA: For the month of February, rainfall totals averaged 1.70 inches throughout the State, with the Southeast district recording the highest precipitation at 4.02 inches and the Panhandle district recording the lowest at 0.33 inch. According to the February 18, US Drought Monitor Report, 5 percent of the State was in the moderate to exceptional drought categories, down 3 points from the previous year. Just 1 percent of the State was in the Severe to exceptional drought categories, compared to zero from the previous year. Statewide temperatures averaged in the low 40's, with the lowest recording of 1 degree at Tipton on Thursday, February 6th and the highest recording of 83 degrees at Newport on Sunday, February 2nd. Topsoil and subsoil moisture conditions were rated mostly adequate to short. OREGON: Oregon dried out in February from the wet January. Early fruit trees, native shrubs, and daffodils were starting to bloom in the Willamette Valley. Cattle producers were calving. Farmers in Clatsop and Tillamook began fieldwork and applied manure in fields. Cover crop grasses continued to grow. Pastures needed more time to dry before livestock could be let out. Temperatures were mild for the month, but nighttime temperatures dropped to the teens this week in the Gorge. The dryness of this area impacted the early stages of the wheat crop. Calving was progressing well. Southern Oregon had warm days and frosty nights. January weather pushed plum, apricot, and blueberries to bud early. Recent cold nights have slowed bud break. Producers started spraying fruit trees, berry crops, and ornamentals. Winter wheat and cover crops were in good condition. Cold mornings lowered detrimental insect populations. PENNSYLVANIA: A mild winter continued through February with very little snow. While a lack of frost should allow for good soil moisture penetration, some operators are struggling with muddy pastures and there are some concerns about excess moisture with regard to spring planting. Very little field activity aside from manure hauling and apple tree pruning. SOUTH CAROLINA: Average temperatures ranged from 1.4 to 6.6 degrees warmer than historical values. Total rainfall for the month ranged from trace amounts to 14.3 inches in Greenville County. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, the State remained drought free throughout the month. Most of the State experienced excess rainfall, saturating cropland and pastures in many areas. Small grains and winter grazing were in good condition in some areas and poor condition in other areas. Nutrient and herbicide applications to cropland were delayed due to excessive rainfall. Cattle condition was good overall; however, cattle producers struggled with poor pasture condition and hay shortages. Strawberry and blueberry crops experienced some damage from frosts during the month. SOUTH DAKOTA: For the month of February 2020, topsoil moisture supplies rated 0% very short, 0% short, 59% adequate, 41% surplus. Subsoil moisture supplies rated 0% very short, 0% short, 62% adequate, 38% surplus. Winter wheat condition rated 0% very poor, 2% poor, 25% fair, 71% good, and 2% excellent. TENNESSEE: For the month, Topsoil moisture 26% adequate, 74% surplus. Subsoil moisture 35% adequate, 65% surplus. Winter wheat condition 3% very poor, 6% poor 22% fair, 52% good, 17% excellent. Pasture and Range condition 6% very poor, 25% poor, 34% fair, 30% good, 5% excellent. Cattle condition 4% very poor, 8% poor, 29% fair, 49% good, 10% excellent. Hay and roughage supplies 11% very short, 28% short, 51% adequate, 10% surplus. Tennessee experienced above normal rainfall in February. Some report over 10 inches since February 1. The weather conditions resulted in extremely saturated and muddy soils, impacting both crops and livestock. Winter wheat condition reported mostly good. Cattle condition is currently reported mostly good. Hay and roughage supplies are decreasing, fears of further shortages are rising. TEXAS: Most of the State received a fair amount of rain towards the end of the month. The progress of small grains benefited from this though it slowed the planting of row crops. The pecan harvest was completed while fruits and vegetable planting has begun. Livestock were rated in fair to good condition. Supplemental feeding continued across the State. Pasture and range condition was rated mostly fair to good, though pasture conditions varied greatly across the State. Producers in South Texas continued culling herds as range and pasture conditions declined. Early spring lambing and kidding operations were underway in the Edwards Plateau. UTAH: This report for Utah is for the entire month of February 2020. Topsoil moisture 15% short, 85% adequate. Subsoil moisture 14% short, 86% adequate. Pasture and range condition 3% poor, 31% fair, 58% good, 8% surplus. Winter wheat condition 18% poor, 60% fair, 22% good. Hay and roughage supplies 7% short, 88% adequate, 5% surplus. Stock water supplies 12% short, 80% adequate, 8% surplus. Cattle and calves condition 1% poor, 18% fair, 72% good, 9% excellent. Sheep and lambs condition 1% poor, 42% fair, 52% good, 5% surplus. Livestock receiving supplemental feed for cattle 88%. Livestock receiving supplemental feed for sheep 69%. Cows calved 13%. Ewes lambed-farm flock 20%. Ewes lambed-range flock 2%. Freezing temperature along with snow storms occurred throughout the State for the month of February. Box Elder County reports winter wheat producers are concerned about potential winter wheat kill due to snow cover. Beaver County reports dry pasture and range conditions due to a lack of rain and snow. VIRGINIA: For week ending February 23, 2020, Topsoil moisture is 86% adequate and 14% surplus. Subsoil moisture is 91% adequate and 9% surplus. Winter wheat condition 21% fair, 74% good, 5% excellent. Barley condition 22% fair, 75% good, 3% excellent. Livestock condition 1% very poor, 9% poor, 31% fair, 52% good, 7% excellent. Pasture and Range condition 6% very poor, 29% poor, 41% fair, 23% good, 1% excellent. Hay and roughage supplies 12% very short, 37% short, 50% adequate, 1% surplus. Percent of feed obtained from pastures 9%. Virginia experienced above normal temperatures and precipitation in February. The warm weather has been good for cover crops and there are signs of early growth. Pasture conditions have declined due to the wet conditions. Hay supplies are tight due to poor hay production in the fall. Hay and roughage supplies are mostly short to adequate. Primary activities for the month include equipment maintenance, purchasing seed and fertilizer, and beginning to fertilize as fields become firm enough. WASHINGTON: Western Washington continued to have an active and wet weather pattern. Water was pooling in many fields, but no damage was reported. Fair spring calving rates were reported despite the inclement conditions. San Juan County had severe rain events before February 10. Run- off volumes hit a 30-year record high. Water closed roadways and blew culverts. Livestock was still on winter feed and lambing was underway. Fall-planted crops in Skagit County were surviving, with the exception of fields without drainage. Flooding in Snohomish and Whatcom Counties suspended fieldwork. Klickitat County suffered from potential drought with no significant rainfall since January. Calving conditions were very good. Northeastern Washington had a mild month with snow showers and temperatures in the 30s. Some winter wheat fields started to green. Calving started. Crops in Lincoln County were in good condition. Snow melted, except for shaded areas. The county dried since January showers. Adams County had good moisture, normal temperatures, and crop conditions ahead of schedule. Some groundwork started and some grass started to grow. The winter wheat crop over-wintered well. Soil moisture was in good condition with limited run-off. Whitman County has been dry and windy the last week with little precipitation. Soil moisture was adequate and rangeland was greening with annual grasses. There were good conditions for calving. WEST VIRGINIA: For the week ending February 23, Topsoil moisture 4% very short, 7% short, 81% adequate, and 8% surplus. Subsoil moisture 5% very short, 8% short, 82% adequate, and 5% surplus. Hay and roughage supplies 3% very short, 13% short, 80% adequate, and 4% surplus. Feed grain supplies 2% short, 97% adequate, and 1% surplus. Winter wheat condition 4% poor, 36% fair, 52% good, and 8% excellent. Cattle and calves condition 2% poor, 15% fair, 77% good, and 6% excellent. Cows calved 20%. Sheep and lambs condition 1% poor, 9% fair, 88% good, and 2% excellent. Ewes lambed 26%. Weather conditions for the month have been muddy with rain and mostly warmer temperatures. There were some colder periods, but with early warmer temperatures, some trees are budding. Farming activities for the month included mud removal, fence repairs, hay and grain feeding, and calving and lambing. WISCONSIN: February 2nd and 3rd saw record high temperatures over most of the State, though monthly averages were near normal at the five major weather stations. They ranged from 0.7 degrees below normal in Eau Claire to 2.5 degrees above normal in Milwaukee. Average highs ranged from 29.1 degrees in Eau Claire to 35.0 degrees in Milwaukee, while average lows ranged from 6.4 degrees in Eau Claire to 20.4 degrees in Milwaukee. Precipitation ranged from 0.35 inches in Eau Claire to 1.05 inches in La Crosse. Green Bay received the most snowfall out of the major cities with 14.9 inches. Eau Claire received the least, with 6.5 inches of snow for the month. Most areas of Wisconsin still had some corn standing at the beginning of February, and farmers harvested in locations where conditions allowed. Respondents report mostly adequate snow cover, minimizing frost in the soil and raising hopes that there will be little damage to alfalfa and winter grains. Animal health is normal and calving has begun. WYOMING: This report for Wyoming is for the entire month of February 2020. Topsoil moisture 3% very short, 17% short, 79% adequate, 1% surplus. Subsoil moisture 4% very short, 17% short, 77% adequate, 2% surplus. Winter wheat condition 7% very poor, 7% poor, 26% fair, 53% good, 7% excellent. Calving progress 6% cows calved. Sheep and lamb progress 2% ewes lambed. Sheep and lamb shorn progress 7% shorn. Hay and roughage supplies 2% very short, 6% short, 87% adequate, 5% surplus. Livestock condition 2% poor, 10% fair, 85% good, 3% excellent. Stock water supplies 1% very short, 6% short, 88% adequate, 5% surplus. Pasture and range condition 8% very poor, 5% poor, 13% fair, 73% good, 1% excellent. Winter wheat condition is mostly good to fair and pasture and range is rated mostly good to fair. Temperatures were below normal for most of the State and topsoil moisture levels have gotten slightly wetter across the State from last month. Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: Crop progress and condition estimates included in this report are based on survey data collected in December, January, February, and March. The non-probability crop progress and condition surveys include input from approximately 4,000 respondents whose occupations provide them opportunities to make visual observations and frequently bring them in contact with farmers in their counties. Based on standard definitions, these respondents subjectively estimate the progress of crops through various stages of development, as well as the progress of producer activities. They also provide subjective evaluations of crop and soil moisture conditions. Any weather data mentioned in this report is provided by outside sources such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Agricultural Weather Information Service (AWIS). Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch................................................ (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section (202) 720-2127 David Colwell - Current Agricultural Industrial Reports (202) 720-8800 Chris Hawthorn - Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet (202) 720-2127 James Johanson - County Estimates, Hay (202) 690-8533 Jeff Lemmons - Oats, Soybeans (202) 690-3234 Irwin Anolik - Crop Weather (202) 720-7621 Chris Hawthorn - Peanuts, Rice............................................. (202) 720-2127 Jean Porter - Rye, Wheat (202) 720-8068 Chris Singh - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Barley, Sunflower, Other Oilseeds......................... (202) 720-7369 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" or "State" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Cornell's Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS's and other agency's archived reports. The new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from the new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via e-mail, you will have to go to the new website, create a new account and re-subscribe to the reports. If you need instructions to set up an account or subscribe, they are located at: https://usda.library.cornell.edu/help. You should whitelist notifications@usda-esmis.library.cornell.edu in your email client to avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@usda.gov. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. 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