Cattle ISSN: 1948-9099 Released January 28, 2011, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). January 1 Cattle Inventory Down 1 Percent All cattle and calves in the United States as of January 1, 2011, totaled 92.6 million head, 1 percent below the 93.9 million on January 1, 2010. This is the lowest January 1 inventory of all cattle and calves since the 91.2 million on hand in 1958. All cows and heifers that have calved, at 40.0 million, were down 1 percent from the 40.5 million on January 1, 2010. • Beef cows, at 30.9 million, were down 2 percent from January 1, 2010. • Milk cows, at 9.1 million, were up 1 percent from January 1, 2010. Other class estimates on January 1, 2011, and the change from January 1, 2010, are as follows: • All heifers 500 pounds and over, 19.5 million, down 1 percent. • Beef replacement heifers, 5.2 million, down 5 percent. • Milk replacement heifers, 4.6 million, up 1 percent. • Other heifers, 9.8 million, up 1 percent. • Steers weighing 500 pounds and over, 16.4 million, down 1 percent. • Bulls weighing 500 pounds and over, 2.2 million, down 2 percent. • Calves under 500 pounds, 14.5 million, down 3 percent. • Cattle and calves on feed for slaughter in all feedlots, 14.0 million, up 3 percent. • The combined total of calves under 500 pounds, and other heifers and steers over 500 pounds outside of feedlots was 26.7 million, down 3 percent. Calf Crop Down 1 Percent The 2010 calf crop was estimated at 35.7 million head, down 1 percent from 2009. This is the smallest calf crop since the 34.9 million born during 1950. Calves born during the first half of 2010 are estimated at 25.9 million, down 1 percent from 2009. Revisions All inventory and calf crop estimates for July 1, 2009, January 1, 2010, and July 1, 2010 were reviewed using calf crop, official slaughter, import and export data, and the relationship of new survey information to the prior surveys. Based on the findings of this review, small adjustments of less than one-half percent were made to previously released inventory estimates by class and calf crop. State level estimates were reviewed and changes were made to reallocate inventory and calf crop estimates to the United States total. This report was approved on January 28, 2011. Acting Secretary of Agriculture Joseph W. Glauber Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Hubert Hamer Contents Cattle Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - United States: January 1, 2010 and 2011........... 4 Cattle Inventory - United States: January 1................................................. 4 Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2010 and 2011.............. 5 Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2010 and 2011 (continued).. 6 Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2010 and 2011 (continued).. 7 Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2010 and 2011 (continued).. 8 Calf Crop - States and United States: 2009 and 2010......................................... 9 Total Number of Cattle on Feed - States and United States: January 1, 2010 and 2011......... 10 Number of Cattle Grazing on Small Grain Pasture - 3-State Total: January 1, 2010 and 2011... 11 Cattle Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - United States: July 1, 2009 and 2010.............. 11 Calf Crop and Percent of Total by Six Month Period - United States: 2009 and 2010........... 11 Statistical Methodology..................................................................... 12 Statistical Methodology..................................................................... 13 Reliability of January 1 Cattle Estimates................................................... 13 Information Contacts........................................................................ 13 Cattle Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - United States: January 1, 2010 and 2011 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of Class : 2010 : 2011 :previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 head ----- percent : Cattle and calves ...................: 93,881.2 92,582.4 99 : Cows and heifers that have calved ...: 40,456.4 40,014.2 99 Beef cows .........................: 31,370.9 30,864.6 98 Milk cows .........................: 9,085.5 9,149.6 101 : Heifers 500 pounds and over .........: 19,745.8 19,532.8 99 For beef cow replacement ..........: 5,451.0 5,157.6 95 Expected to calve 1/ ............: 3,410.5 3,165.0 93 For milk cow replacement ..........: 4,526.2 4,557.2 101 Expected to calve 1/ ............: 2,954.1 3,039.3 103 Other heifers .....................: 9,768.6 9,818.0 101 : Steers 500 pounds and over ..........: 16,510.4 16,382.0 99 Bulls 500 pounds and over ...........: 2,190.1 2,153.1 98 Calves under 500 pounds .............: 14,978.5 14,500.3 97 : Cattle on feed ......................: 13,642.2 14,022.9 103 : :-------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of : 2009 : 2010 :previous year :-------------------------------------------- Calf crop ...........................: 35,939.0 35,684.8 99 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Replacement heifers expected to calve during the year. Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2010 and 2011 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All cattle and calves : All cows that have calved :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : Percent of : : : Percent of : 2010 : 2011 :previous year : 2010 : 2011 :previous year --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 head ----- percent ------ 1,000 head ----- percent : Alabama .......: 1,280.0 1,230.0 96 680.0 670.0 99 Alaska ........: 14.5 13.5 93 6.0 5.6 93 Arizona .......: 930.0 870.0 94 375.0 365.0 97 Arkansas ......: 1,910.0 1,720.0 90 950.0 940.0 99 California ....: 5,150.0 5,150.0 100 2,370.0 2,350.0 99 Colorado ......: 2,600.0 2,650.0 102 830.0 850.0 102 Connecticut ...: 48.0 49.0 102 24.0 23.0 96 Delaware ......: 20.0 18.0 90 10.0 8.5 85 Florida .......: 1,720.0 1,630.0 95 1,070.0 1,040.0 97 Georgia .......: 1,060.0 1,020.0 96 600.0 580.0 97 : Hawaii ........: 151.0 141.0 93 83.0 81.0 98 Idaho .........: 2,170.0 2,200.0 101 990.0 1,020.0 103 Illinois ......: 1,170.0 1,100.0 94 490.0 450.0 92 Indiana .......: 870.0 850.0 98 390.0 385.0 99 Iowa ..........: 3,850.0 3,900.0 101 1,100.0 1,050.0 95 Kansas ........: 6,000.0 6,300.0 105 1,550.0 1,600.0 103 Kentucky ......: 2,300.0 2,190.0 95 1,150.0 1,100.0 96 Louisiana .....: 840.0 790.0 94 520.0 480.0 92 Maine .........: 87.0 90.0 103 44.0 45.0 102 Maryland ......: 195.0 195.0 100 95.0 95.0 100 : Massachusetts .: 43.0 40.0 93 21.0 19.0 90 Michigan ......: 1,100.0 1,090.0 99 450.0 460.0 102 Minnesota .....: 2,420.0 2,380.0 98 850.0 830.0 98 Mississippi ...: 980.0 900.0 92 520.0 510.0 98 Missouri ......: 4,150.0 3,950.0 95 2,070.0 1,960.0 95 Montana .......: 2,550.0 2,500.0 98 1,480.0 1,490.0 101 Nebraska ......: 6,300.0 6,200.0 98 1,840.0 1,830.0 99 Nevada ........: 450.0 460.0 102 265.0 265.0 100 New Hampshire .: 37.0 34.0 92 19.0 18.0 95 New Jersey ....: 36.0 32.0 89 18.0 16.5 92 : New Mexico ....: 1,560.0 1,540.0 99 820.0 810.0 99 New York ......: 1,410.0 1,400.0 99 700.0 700.0 100 North Carolina : 820.0 780.0 95 410.0 395.0 96 North Dakota ..: 1,720.0 1,700.0 99 890.0 900.0 101 Ohio ..........: 1,280.0 1,230.0 96 560.0 560.0 100 Oklahoma ......: 5,500.0 5,100.0 93 2,130.0 2,090.0 98 Oregon ........: 1,260.0 1,330.0 106 660.0 670.0 102 Pennsylvania ..: 1,620.0 1,610.0 99 700.0 700.0 100 Rhode Island ..: 4.7 4.9 104 2.4 2.6 108 South Carolina : 380.0 385.0 101 200.0 200.0 100 : South Dakota ..: 3,800.0 3,700.0 97 1,710.0 1,700.0 99 Tennessee .....: 2,040.0 1,990.0 98 1,050.0 1,040.0 99 Texas .........: 13,300.0 13,300.0 100 5,550.0 5,450.0 98 Utah ..........: 810.0 800.0 99 420.0 420.0 100 Vermont .......: 265.0 270.0 102 144.0 145.0 101 Virginia ......: 1,550.0 1,540.0 99 760.0 770.0 101 Washington ....: 1,040.0 1,090.0 105 470.0 485.0 103 West Virginia .: 370.0 370.0 100 200.0 210.0 105 Wisconsin .....: 3,400.0 3,450.0 101 1,520.0 1,530.0 101 Wyoming .......: 1,320.0 1,300.0 98 700.0 700.0 100 : United States .: 93,881.2 92,582.4 99 40,456.4 40,014.2 99 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2010 and 2011 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Beef cows that have calved : Milk cows that have calved :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : Percent of : : : Percent of : 2010 : 2011 :previous year : 2010 : 2011 :previous year --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 head ----- percent ----- 1,000 head ----- percent : Alabama .......: 669.0 659.0 99 11.0 11.0 100 Alaska ........: 5.4 5.1 94 0.6 0.5 83 Arizona .......: 208.0 180.0 87 167.0 185.0 111 Arkansas ......: 937.0 928.0 99 13.0 12.0 92 California ....: 610.0 600.0 98 1,760.0 1,750.0 99 Colorado ......: 714.0 727.0 102 116.0 123.0 106 Connecticut ...: 5.5 4.0 73 18.5 19.0 103 Delaware ......: 4.0 3.5 88 6.0 5.0 83 Florida .......: 958.0 926.0 97 112.0 114.0 102 Georgia .......: 522.0 502.0 96 78.0 78.0 100 : Hawaii ........: 81.2 79.0 97 1.8 2.0 111 Idaho .........: 440.0 446.0 101 550.0 574.0 104 Illinois ......: 389.0 352.0 90 101.0 98.0 97 Indiana .......: 221.0 213.0 96 169.0 172.0 102 Iowa ..........: 885.0 840.0 95 215.0 210.0 98 Kansas ........: 1,434.0 1,478.0 103 116.0 122.0 105 Kentucky ......: 1,070.0 1,023.0 96 80.0 77.0 96 Louisiana .....: 499.0 461.0 92 21.0 19.0 90 Maine .........: 11.0 13.0 118 33.0 32.0 97 Maryland ......: 41.0 42.0 102 54.0 53.0 98 : Massachusetts .: 7.0 5.5 79 14.0 13.5 96 Michigan ......: 96.0 99.0 103 354.0 361.0 102 Minnesota .....: 380.0 360.0 95 470.0 470.0 100 Mississippi ...: 503.0 495.0 98 17.0 15.0 88 Missouri ......: 1,968.0 1,865.0 95 102.0 95.0 93 Montana .......: 1,465.0 1,476.0 101 15.0 14.0 93 Nebraska ......: 1,781.0 1,772.0 99 59.0 58.0 98 Nevada ........: 237.0 237.0 100 28.0 28.0 100 New Hampshire .: 4.0 3.0 75 15.0 15.0 100 New Jersey ....: 9.5 9.0 95 8.5 7.5 88 : New Mexico ....: 502.0 488.0 97 318.0 322.0 101 New York ......: 90.0 90.0 100 610.0 610.0 100 North Carolina : 367.0 351.0 96 43.0 44.0 102 North Dakota ..: 869.0 880.0 101 21.0 20.0 95 Ohio ..........: 288.0 290.0 101 272.0 270.0 99 Oklahoma ......: 2,073.0 2,036.0 98 57.0 54.0 95 Oregon ........: 546.0 549.0 101 114.0 121.0 106 Pennsylvania ..: 160.0 157.0 98 540.0 543.0 101 Rhode Island ..: 1.3 1.5 115 1.1 1.1 100 South Carolina : 183.0 184.0 101 17.0 16.0 94 : South Dakota ..: 1,618.0 1,610.0 100 92.0 90.0 98 Tennessee .....: 997.0 990.0 99 53.0 50.0 94 Texas .........: 5,140.0 5,025.0 98 410.0 425.0 104 Utah ..........: 336.0 333.0 99 84.0 87.0 104 Vermont .......: 10.0 10.0 100 134.0 135.0 101 Virginia ......: 665.0 675.0 102 95.0 95.0 100 Washington ....: 227.0 233.0 103 243.0 252.0 104 West Virginia .: 190.0 200.0 105 10.0 10.0 100 Wisconsin .....: 260.0 265.0 102 1,260.0 1,265.0 100 Wyoming .......: 694.0 694.0 100 6.0 6.0 100 : United States .: 31,370.9 30,864.6 98 9,085.5 9,149.6 101 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2010 and 2011 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Heifers 500 pounds and over :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Beef cow replacement : Milk cow replacement : Other :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2010 : 2011 : 2010 : 2011 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Alabama .......: 95.0 89.0 5.0 6.0 40.0 40.0 Alaska ........: 1.7 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 Arizona .......: 30.0 25.0 55.0 60.0 15.0 18.0 Arkansas ......: 179.0 136.0 6.0 4.0 105.0 75.0 California ....: 120.0 110.0 750.0 750.0 210.0 210.0 Colorado ......: 120.0 120.0 70.0 75.0 500.0 510.0 Connecticut ...: 1.5 2.0 9.0 9.5 0.5 0.5 Delaware ......: 0.7 0.5 2.7 3.0 0.4 0.7 Florida .......: 135.0 110.0 30.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 Georgia .......: 68.0 66.0 25.0 23.0 39.0 40.0 : Hawaii ........: 12.0 11.0 1.0 1.0 6.0 5.0 Idaho .........: 90.0 95.0 295.0 320.0 205.0 225.0 Illinois ......: 53.0 47.0 52.0 46.0 125.0 117.0 Indiana .......: 42.0 35.0 70.0 62.0 55.0 70.0 Iowa ..........: 130.0 120.0 130.0 130.0 640.0 740.0 Kansas ........: 240.0 245.0 80.0 85.0 1,470.0 1,600.0 Kentucky ......: 150.0 145.0 50.0 50.0 130.0 135.0 Louisiana .....: 82.0 82.0 7.0 5.0 16.0 21.0 Maine .........: 3.0 3.5 16.0 17.0 2.0 2.5 Maryland ......: 9.0 10.0 28.0 28.0 6.0 7.0 : Massachusetts .: 2.5 1.5 6.0 7.5 1.5 1.0 Michigan ......: 27.0 27.0 158.0 148.0 50.0 50.0 Minnesota .....: 95.0 90.0 295.0 290.0 180.0 190.0 Mississippi ...: 92.0 71.0 7.0 7.0 42.0 25.0 Missouri ......: 280.0 300.0 45.0 50.0 275.0 220.0 Montana .......: 340.0 405.0 7.0 7.0 273.0 213.0 Nebraska ......: 320.0 300.0 20.0 20.0 1,450.0 1,380.0 Nevada ........: 35.0 37.0 10.0 10.0 28.0 31.0 New Hampshire .: 1.0 1.0 8.0 7.5 1.0 0.5 New Jersey ....: 2.2 2.0 4.8 4.0 2.0 1.5 : New Mexico ....: 95.0 95.0 145.0 140.0 90.0 95.0 New York ......: 33.0 38.0 325.0 330.0 52.0 32.0 North Carolina : 69.0 64.0 19.0 20.0 24.0 28.0 North Dakota ..: 165.0 185.0 10.0 10.0 220.0 225.0 Ohio ..........: 65.0 55.0 120.0 125.0 70.0 65.0 Oklahoma ......: 405.0 355.0 25.0 20.0 550.0 520.0 Oregon ........: 95.0 100.0 55.0 65.0 115.0 125.0 Pennsylvania ..: 40.0 40.0 300.0 310.0 50.0 50.0 Rhode Island ..: 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.1 South Carolina : 36.0 36.0 8.0 7.0 13.0 14.0 : South Dakota ..: 285.0 280.0 35.0 25.0 640.0 575.0 Tennessee .....: 170.0 150.0 35.0 35.0 70.0 80.0 Texas .........: 760.0 630.0 250.0 230.0 1,540.0 1,600.0 Utah ..........: 66.0 56.0 48.0 42.0 51.0 57.0 Vermont .......: 4.0 4.0 56.0 61.0 5.0 4.0 Virginia ......: 110.0 90.0 50.0 49.0 65.0 61.0 Washington ....: 54.0 53.0 123.0 122.0 93.0 105.0 West Virginia .: 37.0 33.0 4.0 5.0 23.0 18.0 Wisconsin .....: 60.0 65.0 670.0 700.0 60.0 55.0 Wyoming .......: 145.0 140.0 5.0 5.0 145.0 160.0 : United States .: 5,451.0 5,157.6 4,526.2 4,557.2 9,768.6 9,818.0 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2010 and 2011 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Steers : Bulls : Calves : 500 pounds and over : 500 pounds and over : under 500 pounds State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2010 : 2011 : 2010 : 2011 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Alabama .......: 70.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 340.0 325.0 Alaska ........: 0.6 0.7 2.0 2.1 3.9 3.0 Arizona .......: 300.0 275.0 20.0 17.0 135.0 110.0 Arkansas ......: 155.0 100.0 60.0 60.0 455.0 405.0 California ....: 580.0 580.0 70.0 70.0 1,050.0 1,080.0 Colorado ......: 860.0 910.0 45.0 50.0 175.0 135.0 Connecticut ...: 2.3 2.4 0.7 0.6 10.0 11.0 Delaware ......: 2.6 2.0 0.3 0.3 3.3 3.0 Florida .......: 20.0 20.0 60.0 60.0 380.0 350.0 Georgia .......: 39.0 39.0 29.0 27.0 260.0 245.0 : Hawaii ........: 8.0 8.0 5.0 5.0 36.0 30.0 Idaho .........: 255.0 260.0 35.0 35.0 300.0 245.0 Illinois ......: 210.0 230.0 25.0 25.0 215.0 185.0 Indiana .......: 122.0 101.0 19.0 18.0 172.0 179.0 Iowa ..........: 1,330.0 1,350.0 60.0 60.0 460.0 450.0 Kansas ........: 1,890.0 1,990.0 90.0 90.0 680.0 690.0 Kentucky ......: 235.0 220.0 75.0 70.0 510.0 470.0 Louisiana .....: 21.0 21.0 32.0 30.0 162.0 151.0 Maine .........: 4.0 4.5 1.5 1.5 16.5 16.0 Maryland ......: 18.0 15.0 4.0 4.0 35.0 36.0 : Massachusetts .: 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 9.0 8.0 Michigan ......: 200.0 190.0 15.0 15.0 200.0 200.0 Minnesota .....: 445.0 470.0 35.0 35.0 520.0 475.0 Mississippi ...: 55.0 48.0 39.0 39.0 225.0 200.0 Missouri ......: 450.0 390.0 110.0 100.0 920.0 930.0 Montana .......: 265.0 195.0 90.0 90.0 95.0 100.0 Nebraska ......: 2,270.0 2,320.0 95.0 85.0 305.0 265.0 Nevada ........: 37.0 40.0 15.0 15.0 60.0 62.0 New Hampshire .: 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 6.0 5.5 New Jersey ....: 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 6.0 5.0 : New Mexico ....: 130.0 125.0 40.0 40.0 240.0 235.0 New York ......: 39.0 37.0 16.0 18.0 245.0 245.0 North Carolina : 36.0 31.0 32.0 32.0 230.0 210.0 North Dakota ..: 275.0 255.0 60.0 55.0 100.0 70.0 Ohio ..........: 205.0 180.0 30.0 25.0 230.0 220.0 Oklahoma ......: 1,240.0 1,030.0 150.0 135.0 1,000.0 950.0 Oregon ........: 150.0 160.0 35.0 40.0 150.0 170.0 Pennsylvania ..: 150.0 140.0 25.0 25.0 355.0 345.0 Rhode Island ..: 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.8 South Carolina : 17.0 17.0 16.0 16.0 90.0 95.0 : South Dakota ..: 760.0 750.0 85.0 85.0 285.0 285.0 Tennessee .....: 137.0 130.0 78.0 75.0 500.0 480.0 Texas .........: 2,530.0 2,710.0 370.0 380.0 2,300.0 2,300.0 Utah ..........: 100.0 93.0 22.0 22.0 103.0 110.0 Vermont .......: 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 49.0 49.0 Virginia ......: 175.0 160.0 40.0 40.0 350.0 370.0 Washington ....: 144.0 160.0 18.0 20.0 138.0 145.0 West Virginia .: 33.0 33.0 15.0 15.0 58.0 56.0 Wisconsin .....: 360.0 370.0 30.0 30.0 700.0 700.0 Wyoming .......: 175.0 160.0 40.0 40.0 110.0 95.0 : United States .: 16,510.4 16,382.0 2,190.1 2,153.1 14,978.5 14,500.3 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Calf Crop - States and United States: 2009 and 2010 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of State : 2009 : 2010 : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- 1,000 head ---------- percent : Alabama .................: 590.0 580.0 98 Alaska ..................: 4.2 3.9 93 Arizona .................: 295.0 270.0 92 Arkansas ................: 820.0 800.0 98 California ..............: 1,990.0 1,980.0 99 Colorado ................: 780.0 780.0 100 Connecticut .............: 20.0 21.0 105 Delaware ................: 7.5 6.0 80 Florida .................: 900.0 870.0 97 Georgia .................: 500.0 490.0 98 : Hawaii ..................: 65.0 65.0 100 Idaho ...................: 940.0 990.0 105 Illinois ................: 440.0 410.0 93 Indiana .................: 335.0 340.0 101 Iowa ....................: 1,030.0 1,010.0 98 Kansas ..................: 1,390.0 1,420.0 102 Kentucky ................: 1,030.0 1,000.0 97 Louisiana ...............: 400.0 360.0 90 Maine ...................: 32.0 35.0 109 Maryland ................: 74.0 78.0 105 : Massachusetts ...........: 20.0 18.0 90 Michigan ................: 380.0 385.0 101 Minnesota ...............: 820.0 800.0 98 Mississippi .............: 420.0 400.0 95 Missouri ................: 1,900.0 1,850.0 97 Montana .................: 1,480.0 1,490.0 101 Nebraska ................: 1,690.0 1,660.0 98 Nevada ..................: 210.0 210.0 100 New Hampshire ...........: 13.5 14.5 107 New Jersey ..............: 13.5 12.0 89 : New Mexico ..............: 620.0 620.0 100 New York ................: 490.0 520.0 106 North Carolina ..........: 370.0 360.0 97 North Dakota ............: 890.0 880.0 99 Ohio ....................: 470.0 450.0 96 Oklahoma ................: 1,920.0 1,900.0 99 Oregon ..................: 620.0 620.0 100 Pennsylvania ............: 610.0 600.0 98 Rhode Island ............: 2.3 2.4 104 South Carolina ..........: 165.0 165.0 100 : South Dakota ............: 1,660.0 1,650.0 99 Tennessee ...............: 960.0 950.0 99 Texas ...................: 4,750.0 4,800.0 101 Utah ....................: 365.0 365.0 100 Vermont .................: 122.0 124.0 102 Virginia ................: 690.0 650.0 94 Washington ..............: 410.0 430.0 105 West Virginia ...........: 195.0 200.0 103 Wisconsin ...............: 1,370.0 1,390.0 101 Wyoming .................: 670.0 660.0 99 : United States ...........: 35,939.0 35,684.8 99 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total Number of Cattle on Feed - States and United States: January 1, 2010 and 2011 [Cattle and calves on feed are animals for slaughter market being fed a ration of grain or other concentrates and are expected to produce a carcass that will grade select or better. Cattle and calves on feed are included in the cattle inventory estimates by classes] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of State : 2010 : 2011 : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- 1,000 head ---------- percent : Arizona .................: 288.0 258.0 90 Arkansas ................: 5.0 5.0 100 California ..............: 465.0 470.0 101 Colorado ................: 1,020.0 1,100.0 108 Idaho ...................: 225.0 250.0 111 Illinois ................: 170.0 160.0 94 Indiana .................: 122.0 129.0 106 Iowa ....................: 1,360.0 1,380.0 101 Kansas ..................: 2,370.0 2,400.0 101 Kentucky ................: 10.0 10.0 100 : Maryland ................: 12.0 10.0 83 Michigan ................: 170.0 170.0 100 Minnesota ...............: 290.0 320.0 110 Missouri ................: 60.0 50.0 83 Montana .................: 26.0 30.0 115 Nebraska ................: 2,500.0 2,550.0 102 Nevada ..................: 9.0 8.0 89 New York ................: 30.0 25.0 83 North Dakota ............: 90.0 60.0 67 Ohio ....................: 195.0 170.0 87 : Oklahoma ................: 370.0 380.0 103 Oregon ..................: 75.0 75.0 100 Pennsylvania ............: 75.0 75.0 100 South Dakota ............: 400.0 410.0 103 Tennessee ...............: 5.0 10.0 200 Texas ...................: 2,700.0 2,850.0 106 Utah ....................: 25.0 25.0 100 Virginia ................: 20.0 20.0 100 Washington ..............: 167.0 215.0 129 West Virginia ...........: 7.0 5.0 71 : Wisconsin ...............: 240.0 250.0 104 Wyoming .................: 65.0 66.0 102 : Other States ............: 76.2 86.9 114 : United States ...........: 13,642.2 14,022.9 103 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of Cattle Grazing on Small Grain Pasture - 3-State Total: January 1, 2010 and 2011 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of Class : 2010 : 2011 : previous year ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- million head -- percent : Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas .......: 1.92 1.60 83 : ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cattle Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - United States: July 1, 2009 and 2010 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of Class : 2009 : 2010 : previous year ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 head ------ percent : Cattle and calves ...................: 102,000.0 101,100.0 99 : Cows and heifers that have calved ...: 41,400.0 40,900.0 99 Beef cows .........................: 32,200.0 31,800.0 99 Milk cows .........................: 9,200.0 9,100.0 99 : Heifers 500 pounds and over .........: 16,200.0 16,200.0 100 For beef cow replacement ..........: 4,500.0 4,400.0 98 For milk cow replacement ..........: 3,950.0 4,050.0 103 Other heifers .....................: 7,750.0 7,750.0 100 : Steers 500 pounds and over ..........: 14,400.0 14,400.0 100 Bulls 500 pounds and over ...........: 2,100.0 2,100.0 100 Calves under 500 pounds .............: 27,900.0 27,500.0 99 : Calf crop ...........................: 35,939.0 35,684.8 99 : Cattle on feed ......................: 11,600.0 11,900.0 103 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Calf Crop and Percent of Total by Six Month Period - United States: 2009 and 2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2009 : 2010 :----------------------------------------------------------- Period : : Percent of : : Percent of : Number : total : Number : total --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head percent 1,000 head percent : January 1 - June 30 .: 26,100.0 72.6 25,900.0 72.6 July 1 - December 31 : 9,839.0 27.4 9,784.8 27.4 : Total ...............: 35,939.0 100.0 35,684.8 100.0 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: A random sample of United States producers was surveyed to provide data for these estimates. Survey procedures ensured that all cattle producers, regardless of size, had a chance to be included in the survey. Large producers were sampled more heavily than small operations. Data were collected from about 40,000 operators during the first half of January by mail, telephone, and face-to-face personal interviews and 78 percent of the reports were usable. Regardless of when operators responded, they were asked to report inventories as of January 1. Estimating Procedures: These cattle estimates were prepared by the Agricultural Statistics Board after reviewing recommendations and analysis submitted by each State office. National and State survey data were reviewed for reasonableness with each other and with estimates from the previous year using a balance sheet. The balance sheet begins with the previous inventory estimate, adds to it estimates of births and imports, and subtracts estimates of slaughter, exports, and deaths. This indicated ending inventory level is compared to the Agricultural Statistics Board estimate for reasonableness. Revision Policy: Revisions to previous estimates are made to improve year to year and item to item relationships. Estimates for the previous year are subject to revision when current estimates are made. The reviews are primarily based on livestock slaughter and additional foreign trade and survey data. Estimates will also be reviewed after data from the five-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date. Reliability: Since all cattle operators are not included in the sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplications, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these errors cannot be measured directly. They are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. To assist users in evaluating the reliability of estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items in the table on the following page. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance and is computed using the differences between first and latest estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for cattle inventory estimates over the past 10 years is 0.5 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the final estimate will not be above or below the current estimate of 92.6 million head by more than 0.5 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 that the difference will not exceed 0.9 percent. The table on the following page shows a 10 year record of the range of differences between first and latest estimates for selected items. Using estimates of all cattle and calves as an example, changes between the first inventory estimate and the latest estimate during the past 10 years have averaged 338,000 head, ranging from 6,000 to 830,000 head. During this period the initial inventory estimate has been above the latest estimate 7 times and below the latest estimate 3 times. This does not imply that the January 1 estimate is likely to understate or overstate final inventory. Reliability of January 1 Cattle Estimates [Based on data for the past ten years] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Root mean : 90 percent : Difference between first and latest estimate : square error : confidence : : : : : : : level :------------------------------------------------------------- Item : : : : : : Years : : : : : :------------------------------- : : : Average :Smallest : Largest : Above latest : Below latest -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent ------ 1,000 head ----- ----- number ---- : All cattle ...................: 0.5 0.9 338 6 830 7 3 : All cows .....................: 0.6 1.1 167 0 505 6 3 : Calf crop ....................: 1.0 1.8 272 10 674 5 5 : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov Dan Kerestes, Chief, Livestock Branch (202) 720-3570 Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section (202) 690-2424 Sherry Bertramsen - Livestock Slaughter (515) 284-4340 Joe Gaynor - Dairy Products Prices (202) 690-2168 Jason Hardegree - Cattle, Cattle on Feed (202) 720-3040 Mike Miller - Milk Production and Milk Cows (202) 720-3278 Everett Olbert - Sheep and Goats (202) 720-4751 Nick Streff - Hogs and Pigs (202) 720-3106 Lorie Warren - Dairy Products (202) 690-3236 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: http://www.nass.usda.gov Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit http://www.nass.usda.gov and in the "Receive NASS Updates" box under "Receive reports by Email," click on "National" or "State" to select the reports you would like to receive. Printed reports may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) by calling toll-free (800) 999-6779, or (703) 605-6220 if calling from outside the United States or Canada. Accepted methods of payment are Visa, MasterCard, check, or money order. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@nass.usda.gov. 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