Cattle ISSN: 1948-9099 Released January 31, 2017, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). January 1 Cattle Inventory Up 2 Percent All cattle and calves in the United States, as of January 1, 2017, totaled 93.6 million head. This is 2 percent above the 91.9 million head on January 1, 2016. All cows and heifers that have calved, at 40.6 million head, are 3 percent above the 39.5 million head on January 1, 2016. Beef cows, at 31.2 million head, are up 3 percent from a year ago. Milk cows, at 9.35 million head, are up slightly from the previous year. All heifers 500 pounds and over, as of January 1, 2017, totaled 20.1 million head. This is 1 percent above the 19.9 million head on January 1, 2016. Beef replacement heifers, at 6.42 million head, are up 1 percent from a year ago. Milk replacement heifers, at 4.75 million head, are down 1 percent from the previous year. Other heifers, at 8.88 million head, are 1 percent above a year earlier. Calves under 500 pounds in the United States, as of January 1, 2017, totaled 14.4 million head. This is 2 percent above the 14.1 million head on January 1, 2016. Steers weighing 500 pounds and over totaled 16.4 million head, up slightly from one year ago. Bulls weighing 500 pounds and over totaled 2.23 million head, up 4 percent from the previous year. Calf Crop Up 3 Percent The 2016 calf crop in the United States was estimated at 35.1 million head, up 3 percent from last year's calf crop. Calves born during the first half of 2016 were estimated at 25.6 million head. This is up 4 percent from the first half of 2015. Calves born during the second half of 2016 were estimated at 9.53 million head, 27 percent of the total 2016 calf crop. Cattle and calves on feed for the slaughter market in the United States for all feedlots totaled 13.1 million head on January 1, 2017. The inventory is down 1 percent from the January 1, 2016 total of 13.2 million head. Cattle on feed, in feedlots with capacity of 1,000 or more head, accounted for 81.2 percent of the total cattle on feed on January 1, 2017. This is up 1 percent from the previous year. The combined total of calves under 500 pounds and other heifers and steers over 500 pounds (outside of feedlots) is 26.6 million head. This is 2 percent above one year ago. Revisions All inventory and calf crop estimates for January 1, 2016 were reviewed using calf crop, official slaughter, import and export data, and the relationship of new survey information to the prior surveys. Based on the findings of this review, January 1, 2016 all cattle and calves decreased by 0.1 percent, all cows and heifers that have calved decreased by 0.4 percent, and 2015 calf crop decreased by 0.6 percent. State level estimates were reviewed and changes were made to reallocate inventory estimates to the United States total. This report was approved on January 31, 2017. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Robert Johansson Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Joseph L. Parsons Contents Cattle Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - United States: January 1, 2016 and 2017.......... 4 All Cattle and Calves Inventory - United States: January 1................................. 4 Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2016 and 2017............. 5 Calf Crop - States and United States: 2015 and 2016........................................ 9 All Cattle on Feed - States and United States: January 1, 2016 and 2017.................... 10 Number of Cattle Grazing on Small Grain Pasture - 3-State Total: January 1, 2016 and 2017.. 11 Calf Crop and Percent of Total by Six Month Period - United States: 2015 and 2016.......... 11 Statistical Methodology.................................................................... 12 Reliability of January 1 Cattle Estimates.................................................. 13 Information Contacts....................................................................... 13 Cattle Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - United States: January 1, 2016 and 2017 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of Class : 2016 : 2017 :previous year -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 head ----- percent : All cattle and calves ...................: 91,918.0 93,584.6 102 : All cows and heifers that have calved ...: 39,476.2 40,559.2 103 Beef cows .............................: 30,165.8 31,210.2 103 Milk cows .............................: 9,310.4 9,349.0 100 : All heifers 500 pounds and over .........: 19,907.3 20,052.0 101 For beef cow replacement ..............: 6,340.2 6,419.2 101 Expected to calve 1/ ................: 3,936.6 4,000.2 102 For milk cow replacement ..............: 4,814.0 4,754.0 99 Expected to calve 1/ ................: 3,111.6 3,071.6 99 Other heifers .........................: 8,753.1 8,878.8 101 : Steers 500 pounds and over ..............: 16,315.4 16,353.5 100 Bulls 500 pounds and over ...............: 2,142.4 2,233.6 104 Calves under 500 pounds .................: 14,076.7 14,386.3 102 : All cattle on feed ......................: 13,157.0 13,067.0 99 : :-------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of : 2015 : 2016 :previous year :-------------------------------------------- Calf crop ...............................: 34,086.7 35,082.7 103 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Replacement heifers expected to calve during the year. Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2016 and 2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All cattle and calves : All cows and heifers that have calved :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : Percent of : : : Percent of : 2016 : 2017 :previous year : 2016 : 2017 :previous year --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 head ----- percent ------ 1,000 head ----- percent : Alabama .......: 1,250.0 1,300.0 104 680.0 700.0 103 Alaska ........: 11.0 13.0 118 4.3 5.0 116 Arizona .......: 900.0 970.0 108 375.0 380.0 101 Arkansas ......: 1,700.0 1,750.0 103 900.0 920.0 102 California ....: 5,150.0 5,150.0 100 2,370.0 2,410.0 102 Colorado ......: 2,700.0 2,850.0 106 920.0 960.0 104 Connecticut ...: 49.0 48.0 98 25.0 24.0 96 Delaware ......: 16.0 16.0 100 7.5 7.5 100 Florida .......: 1,680.0 1,700.0 101 1,030.0 1,030.0 100 Georgia .......: 1,100.0 1,100.0 100 590.0 580.0 98 : Hawaii ........: 140.0 142.0 101 75.0 76.0 101 Idaho .........: 2,390.0 2,350.0 98 1,090.0 1,100.0 101 Illinois ......: 1,180.0 1,220.0 103 490.0 480.0 98 Indiana .......: 890.0 890.0 100 380.0 395.0 104 Iowa ..........: 3,950.0 3,850.0 97 1,150.0 1,180.0 103 Kansas ........: 6,250.0 6,400.0 102 1,630.0 1,720.0 106 Kentucky ......: 2,170.0 2,160.0 100 1,080.0 1,080.0 100 Louisiana .....: 770.0 780.0 101 455.0 460.0 101 Maine .........: 81.0 84.0 104 40.0 41.0 103 Maryland ......: 190.0 186.0 98 92.0 90.0 98 : Massachusetts .: 38.0 38.0 100 18.0 18.0 100 Michigan ......: 1,140.0 1,180.0 104 520.0 545.0 105 Minnesota .....: 2,420.0 2,400.0 99 810.0 830.0 102 Mississippi ...: 940.0 890.0 95 510.0 485.0 95 Missouri ......: 4,100.0 4,350.0 106 1,990.0 2,140.0 108 Montana .......: 2,650.0 2,650.0 100 1,500.0 1,500.0 100 Nebraska ......: 6,450.0 6,450.0 100 1,910.0 1,980.0 104 Nevada ........: 435.0 445.0 102 245.0 250.0 102 New Hampshire .: 35.0 35.0 100 18.5 18.5 100 New Jersey ....: 28.0 28.0 100 14.5 14.0 97 : New Mexico ....: 1,370.0 1,430.0 104 730.0 790.0 108 New York ......: 1,460.0 1,490.0 102 730.0 730.0 100 North Carolina : 800.0 830.0 104 410.0 415.0 101 North Dakota ..: 1,710.0 1,810.0 106 920.0 970.0 105 Ohio ..........: 1,250.0 1,300.0 104 550.0 550.0 100 Oklahoma ......: 4,800.0 5,000.0 104 1,960.0 2,130.0 109 Oregon ........: 1,310.0 1,320.0 101 650.0 670.0 103 Pennsylvania ..: 1,600.0 1,620.0 101 700.0 710.0 101 Rhode Island ..: 5.0 4.6 92 2.4 2.2 92 South Carolina : 340.0 340.0 100 190.0 185.0 97 : South Dakota ..: 3,900.0 3,850.0 99 1,780.0 1,780.0 100 Tennessee .....: 1,830.0 1,830.0 100 930.0 950.0 102 Texas .........: 11,800.0 12,300.0 104 4,750.0 4,950.0 104 Utah ..........: 840.0 820.0 98 420.0 430.0 102 Vermont .......: 260.0 260.0 100 144.0 143.0 99 Virginia ......: 1,490.0 1,520.0 102 720.0 730.0 101 Washington ....: 1,150.0 1,150.0 100 500.0 500.0 100 West Virginia .: 390.0 405.0 104 210.0 215.0 102 Wisconsin .....: 3,500.0 3,550.0 101 1,550.0 1,570.0 101 Wyoming .......: 1,310.0 1,330.0 102 710.0 720.0 101 : United States .: 91,918.0 93,584.6 102 39,476.2 40,559.2 103 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2016 and 2017 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Beef cows that have calved : Milk cows that have calved :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : Percent of : : : Percent of : 2016 : 2017 :previous year : 2016 : 2017 :previous year --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 head ----- percent ----- 1,000 head ----- percent : Alabama .......: 673.0 693.0 103 7.0 7.0 100 Alaska ........: 4.0 4.7 118 0.3 0.3 100 Arizona .......: 180.0 184.0 102 195.0 196.0 101 Arkansas ......: 893.0 914.0 102 7.0 6.0 86 California ....: 600.0 655.0 109 1,770.0 1,755.0 99 Colorado ......: 772.0 805.0 104 148.0 155.0 105 Connecticut ...: 6.0 5.0 83 19.0 19.0 100 Delaware ......: 2.5 2.5 100 5.0 5.0 100 Florida .......: 905.0 908.0 100 125.0 122.0 98 Georgia .......: 505.0 497.0 98 85.0 83.0 98 : Hawaii ........: 72.8 73.6 101 2.2 2.4 109 Idaho .........: 503.0 500.0 99 587.0 600.0 102 Illinois ......: 396.0 387.0 98 94.0 93.0 99 Indiana .......: 196.0 210.0 107 184.0 185.0 101 Iowa ..........: 940.0 965.0 103 210.0 215.0 102 Kansas ........: 1,488.0 1,570.0 106 142.0 150.0 106 Kentucky ......: 1,021.0 1,023.0 100 59.0 57.0 97 Louisiana .....: 442.0 448.0 101 13.0 12.0 92 Maine .........: 10.0 11.0 110 30.0 30.0 100 Maryland ......: 43.0 43.0 100 49.0 47.0 96 : Massachusetts .: 6.0 6.5 108 12.0 11.5 96 Michigan ......: 108.0 120.0 111 412.0 425.0 103 Minnesota .....: 350.0 370.0 106 460.0 460.0 100 Mississippi ...: 500.0 476.0 95 10.0 9.0 90 Missouri ......: 1,902.0 2,052.0 108 88.0 88.0 100 Montana .......: 1,486.0 1,486.0 100 14.0 14.0 100 Nebraska ......: 1,852.0 1,920.0 104 58.0 60.0 103 Nevada ........: 217.0 220.0 101 28.0 30.0 107 New Hampshire .: 4.5 5.0 111 14.0 13.5 96 New Jersey ....: 7.5 7.5 100 7.0 6.5 93 : New Mexico ....: 415.0 465.0 112 315.0 325.0 103 New York ......: 110.0 110.0 100 620.0 620.0 100 North Carolina : 363.0 370.0 102 47.0 45.0 96 North Dakota ..: 904.0 954.0 106 16.0 16.0 100 Ohio ..........: 284.0 288.0 101 266.0 262.0 98 Oklahoma ......: 1,923.0 2,095.0 109 37.0 35.0 95 Oregon ........: 524.0 546.0 104 126.0 124.0 98 Pennsylvania ..: 170.0 185.0 109 530.0 525.0 99 Rhode Island ..: 1.5 1.4 93 0.9 0.8 89 South Carolina : 175.0 170.0 97 15.0 15.0 100 : South Dakota ..: 1,670.0 1,664.0 100 110.0 116.0 105 Tennessee .....: 886.0 909.0 103 44.0 41.0 93 Texas .........: 4,290.0 4,460.0 104 460.0 490.0 107 Utah ..........: 325.0 338.0 104 95.0 92.0 97 Vermont .......: 13.0 14.0 108 131.0 129.0 98 Virginia ......: 629.0 643.0 102 91.0 87.0 96 Washington ....: 223.0 225.0 101 277.0 275.0 99 West Virginia .: 201.0 207.0 103 9.0 8.0 89 Wisconsin .....: 270.0 290.0 107 1,280.0 1,280.0 100 Wyoming .......: 704.0 714.0 101 6.0 6.0 100 : United States .: 30,165.8 31,210.2 103 9,310.4 9,349.0 100 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2016 and 2017 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All heifers 500 pounds and over :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Beef cow replacement : Milk cow replacement : Other :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2016 : 2017 : 2016 : 2017 : 2016 : 2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Alabama .......: 105.0 120.0 3.0 4.0 37.0 36.0 Alaska ........: 0.9 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.5 Arizona .......: 39.0 39.0 68.0 117.0 28.0 34.0 Arkansas ......: 182.0 173.0 3.0 3.0 70.0 64.0 California ....: 120.0 130.0 790.0 760.0 130.0 150.0 Colorado ......: 200.0 200.0 105.0 100.0 460.0 510.0 Connecticut ...: 2.5 2.0 8.5 9.5 1.0 1.0 Delaware ......: 0.5 0.7 2.1 2.2 0.4 0.4 Florida .......: 125.0 125.0 40.0 35.0 25.0 30.0 Georgia .......: 105.0 110.0 30.0 30.0 28.0 40.0 : Hawaii ........: 11.5 13.0 1.0 1.0 5.0 4.0 Idaho .........: 140.0 120.0 320.0 310.0 190.0 180.0 Illinois ......: 67.0 75.0 50.0 52.0 98.0 108.0 Indiana .......: 50.0 50.0 80.0 80.0 51.0 50.0 Iowa ..........: 190.0 185.0 120.0 135.0 610.0 510.0 Kansas ........: 290.0 310.0 110.0 100.0 1,430.0 1,430.0 Kentucky ......: 160.0 150.0 50.0 40.0 115.0 110.0 Louisiana .....: 84.0 85.0 5.0 4.0 21.0 20.0 Maine .........: 3.0 4.0 15.0 15.0 3.0 3.0 Maryland ......: 11.0 11.0 28.0 29.0 5.0 6.0 : Massachusetts .: 2.0 2.0 7.0 7.0 1.0 1.0 Michigan ......: 27.0 25.0 172.0 170.0 31.0 40.0 Minnesota .....: 95.0 95.0 300.0 295.0 175.0 155.0 Mississippi ...: 111.0 93.0 6.0 6.0 38.0 31.0 Missouri ......: 360.0 375.0 45.0 45.0 220.0 230.0 Montana .......: 420.0 440.0 8.0 9.0 262.0 241.0 Nebraska ......: 390.0 385.0 30.0 25.0 1,370.0 1,370.0 Nevada ........: 41.0 41.0 9.0 11.0 28.0 29.0 New Hampshire .: 1.0 1.0 6.0 6.0 1.0 1.0 New Jersey ....: 1.3 1.6 3.8 3.7 0.9 1.2 : New Mexico ....: 105.0 100.0 120.0 110.0 75.0 90.0 New York ......: 44.0 45.0 355.0 355.0 41.0 45.0 North Carolina : 65.0 69.0 18.0 22.0 22.0 25.0 North Dakota ..: 183.0 206.0 7.0 9.0 195.0 205.0 Ohio ..........: 60.0 75.0 120.0 120.0 50.0 60.0 Oklahoma ......: 460.0 445.0 25.0 20.0 440.0 455.0 Oregon ........: 110.0 105.0 70.0 65.0 100.0 115.0 Pennsylvania ..: 60.0 65.0 325.0 315.0 55.0 60.0 Rhode Island ..: 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 South Carolina : 30.0 33.0 5.0 7.0 14.0 10.0 : South Dakota ..: 375.0 395.0 50.0 45.0 550.0 530.0 Tennessee .....: 160.0 145.0 27.0 35.0 93.0 90.0 Texas .........: 790.0 810.0 250.0 260.0 1,240.0 1,350.0 Utah ..........: 95.0 85.0 50.0 55.0 75.0 60.0 Vermont .......: 5.0 5.5 55.0 56.0 5.0 6.5 Virginia ......: 100.0 112.0 47.0 38.0 58.0 70.0 Washington ....: 60.0 58.0 130.0 120.0 120.0 117.0 West Virginia .: 35.0 38.0 4.0 4.0 18.0 17.0 Wisconsin .....: 80.0 80.0 735.0 710.0 45.0 50.0 Wyoming .......: 188.0 185.0 5.0 3.0 122.0 137.0 : United States .: 6,340.2 6,419.2 4,814.0 4,754.0 8,753.1 8,878.8 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2016 and 2017 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Steers : Bulls : Calves : 500 pounds and over : 500 pounds and over : under 500 pounds State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2016 : 2017 : 2016 : 2017 : 2016 : 2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Alabama .......: 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 325.0 340.0 Alaska ........: 0.4 0.5 2.5 2.7 2.2 3.2 Arizona .......: 270.0 265.0 20.0 20.0 100.0 115.0 Arkansas ......: 125.0 110.0 55.0 60.0 365.0 420.0 California ....: 610.0 600.0 70.0 70.0 1,060.0 1,030.0 Colorado ......: 810.0 850.0 55.0 55.0 150.0 175.0 Connecticut ...: 2.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 9.5 9.0 Delaware ......: 2.0 1.9 0.3 0.3 3.2 3.0 Florida .......: 25.0 30.0 55.0 60.0 380.0 390.0 Georgia .......: 37.0 37.0 30.0 33.0 280.0 270.0 : Hawaii ........: 9.5 10.0 4.0 4.0 34.0 34.0 Idaho .........: 290.0 300.0 40.0 40.0 320.0 300.0 Illinois ......: 200.0 240.0 25.0 25.0 250.0 240.0 Indiana .......: 115.0 108.0 18.0 17.0 196.0 190.0 Iowa ..........: 1,320.0 1,300.0 60.0 60.0 500.0 480.0 Kansas ........: 2,010.0 2,050.0 90.0 95.0 690.0 695.0 Kentucky ......: 225.0 210.0 70.0 70.0 470.0 500.0 Louisiana .....: 22.0 25.0 30.0 31.0 153.0 155.0 Maine .........: 3.5 4.0 1.5 1.5 15.0 15.5 Maryland ......: 14.0 14.0 5.0 4.0 35.0 32.0 : Massachusetts .: 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 7.0 7.0 Michigan ......: 170.0 169.0 15.0 16.0 205.0 215.0 Minnesota .....: 520.0 500.0 40.0 35.0 480.0 490.0 Mississippi ...: 41.0 42.0 39.0 38.0 195.0 195.0 Missouri ......: 440.0 460.0 115.0 120.0 930.0 980.0 Montana .......: 230.0 230.0 105.0 100.0 125.0 130.0 Nebraska ......: 2,340.0 2,290.0 95.0 110.0 315.0 290.0 Nevada ........: 42.0 45.0 13.0 14.0 57.0 55.0 New Hampshire .: 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 6.5 6.5 New Jersey ....: 2.0 2.1 1.0 1.0 4.5 4.4 : New Mexico ....: 120.0 120.0 35.0 35.0 185.0 185.0 New York ......: 33.0 40.0 17.0 20.0 240.0 255.0 North Carolina : 36.0 43.0 29.0 31.0 220.0 225.0 North Dakota ..: 255.0 255.0 60.0 65.0 90.0 100.0 Ohio ..........: 200.0 220.0 25.0 30.0 245.0 245.0 Oklahoma ......: 950.0 900.0 145.0 160.0 820.0 890.0 Oregon ........: 170.0 155.0 40.0 40.0 170.0 170.0 Pennsylvania ..: 140.0 160.0 25.0 25.0 295.0 285.0 Rhode Island ..: 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.7 South Carolina : 12.0 8.0 14.0 15.0 75.0 82.0 : South Dakota ..: 780.0 740.0 95.0 100.0 270.0 260.0 Tennessee .....: 145.0 135.0 60.0 65.0 415.0 410.0 Texas .........: 2,560.0 2,590.0 320.0 340.0 1,890.0 2,000.0 Utah ..........: 90.0 80.0 25.0 27.0 85.0 83.0 Vermont .......: 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 44.0 42.0 Virginia ......: 160.0 165.0 40.0 40.0 365.0 365.0 Washington ....: 170.0 190.0 18.0 18.0 152.0 147.0 West Virginia .: 36.0 39.0 15.0 15.0 72.0 77.0 Wisconsin .....: 380.0 400.0 30.0 30.0 680.0 710.0 Wyoming .......: 145.0 160.0 40.0 40.0 100.0 85.0 : United States .: 16,315.4 16,353.5 2,142.4 2,233.6 14,076.7 14,386.3 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Calf Crop - States and United States: 2015 and 2016 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of State : 2015 : 2016 : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- 1,000 head -------- percent : Alabama ................................: 580.0 600.0 103 Alaska .................................: 3.5 4.0 114 Arizona ................................: 295.0 320.0 108 Arkansas ...............................: 760.0 780.0 103 California .............................: 1,960.0 1,820.0 93 Colorado ...............................: 800.0 830.0 104 Connecticut ............................: 19.5 18.5 95 Delaware ...............................: 6.0 6.0 100 Florida ................................: 800.0 810.0 101 Georgia ................................: 490.0 490.0 100 : Hawaii .................................: 60.0 59.0 98 Idaho ..................................: 940.0 930.0 99 Illinois ...............................: 415.0 410.0 99 Indiana ................................: 335.0 340.0 101 Iowa ...................................: 1,060.0 1,090.0 103 Kansas .................................: 1,330.0 1,480.0 111 Kentucky ...............................: 970.0 980.0 101 Louisiana ..............................: 345.0 350.0 101 Maine ..................................: 30.0 32.0 107 Maryland ...............................: 75.0 68.0 91 : Massachusetts ..........................: 17.0 17.0 100 Michigan ...............................: 390.0 410.0 105 Minnesota ..............................: 770.0 800.0 104 Mississippi ............................: 400.0 380.0 95 Missouri ...............................: 1,750.0 1,890.0 108 Montana ................................: 1,470.0 1,470.0 100 Nebraska ...............................: 1,650.0 1,700.0 103 Nevada .................................: 200.0 200.0 100 New Hampshire ..........................: 13.5 13.5 100 New Jersey .............................: 10.0 9.5 95 : New Mexico .............................: 550.0 610.0 111 New York ...............................: 530.0 560.0 106 North Carolina .........................: 360.0 370.0 103 North Dakota ...........................: 830.0 910.0 110 Ohio ...................................: 460.0 480.0 104 Oklahoma ...............................: 1,730.0 1,870.0 108 Oregon .................................: 620.0 640.0 103 Pennsylvania ...........................: 570.0 560.0 98 Rhode Island ...........................: 2.2 2.2 100 South Carolina .........................: 140.0 148.0 106 : South Dakota ...........................: 1,650.0 1,690.0 102 Tennessee ..............................: 850.0 840.0 99 Texas ..................................: 4,050.0 4,250.0 105 Utah ...................................: 390.0 380.0 97 Vermont ................................: 110.0 105.0 95 Virginia ...............................: 650.0 650.0 100 Washington .............................: 420.0 430.0 102 West Virginia ..........................: 190.0 200.0 105 Wisconsin ..............................: 1,380.0 1,420.0 103 Wyoming ................................: 660.0 660.0 100 : United States ..........................: 34,086.7 35,082.7 103 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All Cattle on Feed - States and United States: January 1, 2016 and 2017 [Cattle and calves on feed are steers and heifers being fed a ration of grain, silage, hay, and/or protein supplement for slaughter market that are expected to produce a carcass that will grade select or better. It excludes cattle being "backgrounded only" for later sale as feeders or late placement in another feedlot. Cattle and calves on feed are included in the cattle inventory estimates by class] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of State : 2016 : 2017 : previous year ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- 1,000 head -------- percent : Arizona ................................: 257.0 253.0 98 California .............................: 450.0 430.0 96 Colorado ...............................: 910.0 940.0 103 Idaho ..................................: 250.0 270.0 108 Illinois ...............................: 240.0 260.0 108 Indiana ................................: 115.0 110.0 96 Iowa ...................................: 1,230.0 1,160.0 94 Kansas .................................: 2,230.0 2,300.0 103 Kentucky ...............................: 17.0 18.0 106 Maryland ...............................: 9.0 9.0 100 : Michigan ...............................: 170.0 145.0 85 Minnesota ..............................: 405.0 375.0 93 Missouri ...............................: 100.0 110.0 110 Montana ................................: 50.0 45.0 90 Nebraska ...............................: 2,520.0 2,470.0 98 Nevada .................................: 2.0 3.0 150 New York ...............................: 16.0 20.0 125 North Dakota ...........................: 55.0 50.0 91 Ohio ...................................: 160.0 150.0 94 Oklahoma ...............................: 280.0 310.0 111 : Oregon .................................: 75.0 85.0 113 Pennsylvania ...........................: 85.0 95.0 112 South Dakota ...........................: 435.0 380.0 87 Texas ..................................: 2,440.0 2,430.0 100 Utah ...................................: 27.0 20.0 74 Virginia ...............................: 22.0 20.0 91 Washington .............................: 195.0 190.0 97 West Virginia ..........................: 4.0 4.0 100 Wisconsin ..............................: 275.0 270.0 98 Wyoming ................................: 70.0 75.0 107 : Other States 1/ ........................: 63.0 70.0 111 : United States ..........................: 13,157.0 13,067.0 99 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual state estimates not available for states not shown, but are included in Other States. Number of Cattle Grazing on Small Grain Pasture - 3-State Total: January 1, 2016 and 2017 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of States : 2016 : 2017 : previous year ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- 1,000 head ----- percent : Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas .......: 1,900.0 1,800.0 95 : ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Calf Crop and Percent of Total by Six Month Period - United States: 2015 and 2016 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2015 : 2016 :----------------------------------------------------------- Period : : Percent of : : Percent of : Number : total : Number : total --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head percent 1,000 head percent : January 1 - June 30 .: 24,650.0 72.3 25,550.0 72.8 July 1 - December 31 : 9,436.7 27.7 9,532.7 27.2 : Total ...............: 34,086.7 100.0 35,082.7 100.0 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: A random sample of United States producers were surveyed to provide data for these estimates. Survey procedures ensured that all cattle producers, regardless of size, had a chance to be included in the survey. Large producers were sampled more heavily than small operations. Data were collected from about 38,000 operators during the first half of January by mail, telephone, internet, and face-to-face personal interviews and 69 percent of the reports were usable. Regardless of when operators responded, they were asked to report inventories as of January 1. Estimating Procedures: These cattle estimates were prepared by the Agricultural Statistics Board after reviewing recommendations and analysis submitted by Regional Field Offices. National and State survey data were reviewed for reasonableness with each other and with estimates from the previous year using a balance sheet. The balance sheet begins with the previous inventory estimate, adds estimates of births and imports, and subtracts estimates of slaughter, exports, and deaths. This indicated ending inventory level is compared to the Agricultural Statistics Board estimate for reasonableness. Revision Policy: Revisions to previous estimates are made to improve year to year and item to item relationships. Estimates for the previous year are subject to revision when current estimates are made. The reviews are primarily based on livestock slaughter and additional foreign trade and survey data. Estimates will also be reviewed after data from the five-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date. Reliability: Since all cattle operators are not included in the sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplications, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these errors cannot be measured directly. They are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. To assist users in evaluating the reliability of estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items in the table on the following page. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance and is computed using the differences between first and latest estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for cattle inventory estimates over the past 10 years is 0.6 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the final estimate will not be above or below the current estimate of 93.6 million head by more than 0.6 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 that the difference will not exceed 1.1 percent. The table on the following page shows a 10 year record of the range of differences between first and latest estimates for selected items. Using estimates of all cattle and calves as an example, changes between the first inventory estimate and the latest estimate during the past 10 years have averaged 469,000 head, ranging from 70,000 to 796,000 head. During this period the initial inventory estimate has been above the latest estimate 4 times and below the latest estimate 6 times. This does not imply that the January 1 estimate is likely to understate or overstate final inventory. Reliability of January 1 Cattle Estimates [Based on data for the past ten years] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Root mean : 90 percent : Difference between first and latest estimate : square error : confidence : : : : : : : level :------------------------------------------------------------- Item : : : : : : Years : : : : : :------------------------------- : : : Average :Smallest : Largest : Below latest : Above latest ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent ------ 1,000 head ----- ----- number ---- : All cattle and calves ...................: 0.6 1.1 469 70 796 6 4 : All cows and heifers that have calved ...: 0.6 1.1 191 42 405 6 4 : Calf crop ...............................: 0.9 1.6 240 44 602 5 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov. Dan Kerestes, Chief, Livestock Branch ........... (202) 720-3570 Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section ........... (202) 690-2424 Sherry Bertramsen - Livestock Slaughter ...... (202) 720-3240 David Colwell - Sheep and Goats .............. (202) 720-8784 Donnie Fike - Dairy Products ................. (202) 690-3236 Michael Klamm - Cattle, Cattle on Feed ....... (202) 720-3040 Mike Miller - Milk Production and Milk Cows .. (202) 720-3278 Seth Riggins - Hogs and Pigs ................. (202) 720-3106 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. 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(Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax (202) 690-7442 or email at program.intake@usda.gov.