Milk Production ISSN: 1949-1557 Released October 20, 2021, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). September Milk Production up 0.4 Percent Milk production in the 24 major States during September totaled 17.3 billion pounds, up 0.4 percent from September 2020. August revised production, at 17.9 billion pounds, was up 0.7 percent from August 2020. The August revision represented a decrease of 75 million pounds or 0.4 percent from last month's preliminary production estimate. Production per cow in the 24 major States averaged 1,937 pounds for September, 4 pounds below September 2020. The number of milk cows on farms in the 24 major States was 8.93 million head, 48,000 head more than September 2020, but 22,000 head less than August 2021. July-September Milk Production up 0.9 Percent Milk production in the United States during the July - September quarter totaled 55.9 billion pounds, up 0.9 percent from the July - September quarter last year. The average number of milk cows in the United States during the quarter was 9.45 million head, 48,000 head less than the April - June quarter, but 74,000 head more than the same period last year. Milk Cows and Production by Quarter - United States: 2020-2021 [May not add due to rounding. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Milk cows 1/ : Milk per cow 2/ : Milk production 2/ :--------------------------------------------------------------------- Quarter : : : : : : : Change : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : from : : : : : : : 2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head ---- pounds ---- million pounds percent : January-March ...: 9,378 9,458 5,990 6,003 56,174 56,776 1.1 April-June ......: 9,364 9,502 5,988 6,119 56,070 58,141 3.7 July-September ..: 9,380 9,454 5,908 5,915 55,419 55,917 0.9 October-December : 9,429 5,892 55,557 : Annual ..........: 9,388 23,777 223,220 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Milk Cows and Production by Month - 24 Selected States: 2020-2021 [May not add due to rounding. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Milk cows 1/ : Milk per cow 2/ : Milk production 2/ :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : Change Month : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : from : : : : : : : 2020 :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head pounds pounds million pounds million pounds percent : January .......: 8,837 8,934 2,034 2,065 17,974 18,446 2.6 February ......: 8,848 8,947 1,926 1,884 17,038 16,858 -1.1 March .........: 8,861 8,961 2,085 2,106 18,474 18,873 2.2 April .........: 8,855 8,985 2,009 2,054 17,787 18,454 3.7 May ...........: 8,838 8,996 2,044 2,107 18,061 18,953 4.9 June ..........: 8,834 8,993 1,984 2,012 17,530 18,091 3.2 July ..........: 8,854 8,989 2,024 2,033 17,919 18,275 2.0 August ........: 8,857 8,947 2,010 2,004 17,799 17,927 0.7 September .....: 8,877 8,925 1,941 1,937 17,226 17,292 0.4 October .......: 8,897 1,996 17,758 November ......: 8,914 1,938 17,274 December ......: 8,923 2,019 18,012 : Annual ........: 8,866 24,008 212,852 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Estimated Milk Cows and Production by Month - United States: 2020-2021 [May not add due to rounding. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Milk cows 1/ : Milk per cow 2/ : Milk production 2/ :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : Change Month : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : from : : : : : : : 2020 :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head pounds pounds million pounds million pounds percent : January .......: 9,365 9,445 2,016 2,047 18,877 19,330 2.4 February ......: 9,377 9,458 1,908 1,868 17,895 17,666 -1.3 March .........: 9,391 9,472 2,066 2,088 19,402 19,780 1.9 April .........: 9,377 9,496 1,993 2,036 18,684 19,332 3.5 May ...........: 9,360 9,507 2,027 2,088 18,972 19,855 4.7 June ..........: 9,355 9,503 1,968 1,995 18,414 18,954 2.9 July ..........: 9,372 9,492 2,001 2,013 18,756 19,103 1.9 August ........: 9,374 9,447 1,988 1,984 18,632 18,739 0.6 September .....: 9,395 9,422 1,919 1,918 18,031 18,075 0.2 October .......: 9,414 1,976 18,603 November ......: 9,432 1,919 18,103 December ......: 9,442 1,997 18,851 : Annual ........: 9,388 23,777 223,220 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Milk Cows and Production - 24 Selected States: September 2020 and 2021 [May not add due to rounding] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Milk cows 1/ : Milk per cow 2/ : Milk production 2/ State :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : Change : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : from : : : : : : : 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head pounds pounds million pounds million pounds percent : Arizona .........: 200 197 1,845 1,840 369 362 -1.9 California ......: 1,720 1,720 1,905 1,910 3,277 3,285 0.2 Colorado ........: 200 200 2,145 2,145 429 429 - Florida .........: 112 105 1,445 1,440 162 151 -6.8 Georgia .........: 80 82 1,650 1,670 132 137 3.8 Idaho ...........: 645 651 2,075 2,050 1,338 1,335 -0.2 Illinois ........: 84 82 1,645 1,650 138 135 -2.2 Indiana .........: 191 192 1,935 1,925 370 370 - Iowa ............: 219 225 2,005 2,000 439 450 2.5 Kansas ..........: 171 170 1,920 1,925 328 327 -0.3 : Michigan ........: 430 442 2,220 2,200 955 972 1.8 Minnesota .......: 450 461 1,870 1,870 842 862 2.4 New Mexico ......: 327 300 2,025 1,930 662 579 -12.5 New York ........: 626 628 1,985 2,015 1,243 1,265 1.8 Ohio ............: 254 256 1,790 1,780 455 456 0.2 Oregon ..........: 125 124 1,705 1,700 213 211 -0.9 Pennsylvania ....: 482 475 1,690 1,680 815 798 -2.1 South Dakota ....: 140 160 1,905 1,915 267 306 14.6 Texas ...........: 598 625 2,025 1,985 1,211 1,241 2.5 Utah ............: 94 96 1,910 1,925 180 185 2.8 : Vermont .........: 120 120 1,725 1,725 207 207 - Virginia ........: 74 72 1,575 1,565 117 113 -3.4 Washington ......: 279 264 2,005 1,950 559 515 -7.9 Wisconsin .......: 1,256 1,278 2,005 2,035 2,518 2,601 3.3 : 24-State Total ..: 8,877 8,925 1,941 1,937 17,226 17,292 0.4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Milk Cows and Production - 24 Selected States: August 2020 and 2021 [May not add due to rounding] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Milk cows 1/ : Milk per cow 2/ : Milk production 2/ :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : Change : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : from : : : : : : : 2020 :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :1,000 head 1,000 head pounds pounds million pounds million pounds percent : Arizona .......: 200 198 1,850 1,845 370 365 -1.4 California ....: 1,721 1,720 1,960 1,970 3,373 3,388 0.4 Colorado ......: 198 200 2,225 2,220 441 444 0.7 Florida .......: 111 106 1,570 1,540 174 163 -6.3 Georgia .......: 80 82 1,700 1,730 136 142 4.4 Idaho .........: 645 651 2,190 2,170 1,413 1,413 - Illinois ......: 83 82 1,720 1,720 143 141 -1.4 Indiana .......: 189 192 1,970 1,940 372 372 - Iowa ..........: 218 225 2,070 2,055 451 462 2.4 Kansas ........: 170 170 1,995 1,985 339 337 -0.6 : Michigan ......: 428 444 2,320 2,290 993 1,017 2.4 Minnesota .....: 445 461 1,955 1,940 870 894 2.8 New Mexico ....: 326 311 2,055 1,955 670 608 -9.3 New York ......: 626 628 2,070 2,075 1,296 1,303 0.5 Ohio ..........: 254 258 1,865 1,850 474 477 0.6 Oregon ........: 124 124 1,775 1,770 220 219 -0.5 Pennsylvania ..: 482 475 1,745 1,750 841 831 -1.2 South Dakota ..: 138 160 1,970 1,980 272 317 16.5 Texas .........: 593 625 2,080 2,035 1,233 1,272 3.2 Utah ..........: 95 97 1,975 1,995 188 194 3.2 : Vermont .......: 121 120 1,775 1,775 215 213 -0.9 Virginia ......: 74 72 1,640 1,625 121 117 -3.3 Washington ....: 279 268 2,075 2,020 579 541 -6.6 Wisconsin .....: 1,257 1,278 2,080 2,110 2,615 2,697 3.1 : 24-State Total : 8,857 8,947 2,010 2,004 17,799 17,927 0.7 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Milk Cows and Production - States and United States: Revised April - June 2020 and 2021 [May not add due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : April - June milk cows 1/ : April - June milk production 2/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : : : : : Change : : : : : from : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head million pounds million pounds percent : Alabama ........: 3.5 3.0 12.0 11.0 -8.3 Alaska .........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (NA) Arizona ........: 200.0 198.0 1,263.0 1,266.0 0.2 Arkansas .......: 5.0 5.0 18.0 17.0 -5.6 California .....: 1,721.0 1,721.0 10,420.0 10,849.0 4.1 Colorado .......: 196.0 205.0 1,278.0 1,337.0 4.6 Connecticut ....: 19.0 19.0 110.0 113.0 2.7 Delaware .......: 3.8 3.0 18.7 14.0 -25.1 Florida ........: 113.0 110.0 594.0 580.0 -2.4 Georgia ........: 82.0 82.0 449.0 462.0 2.9 : Hawaii .........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (NA) Idaho ..........: 643.0 654.0 4,091.0 4,210.0 2.9 Illinois .......: 82.0 83.0 456.0 462.0 1.3 Indiana ........: 177.0 196.0 1,067.0 1,186.0 11.2 Iowa ...........: 218.0 228.0 1,343.0 1,404.0 4.5 Kansas .........: 168.0 174.0 984.0 1,040.0 5.7 Kentucky .......: 48.0 46.0 253.0 242.0 -4.3 Louisiana ......: 10.0 9.5 37.0 35.0 -5.4 Maine ..........: 27.0 27.0 152.0 149.0 -2.0 Maryland .......: 42.0 43.0 223.0 228.0 2.2 : Massachusetts ..: 10.0 10.0 51.0 52.0 2.0 Michigan .......: 428.0 445.0 2,930.0 3,061.0 4.5 Minnesota ......: 443.0 462.0 2,524.0 2,656.0 5.2 Mississippi ....: 8.5 7.5 36.0 29.0 -19.4 Missouri .......: 76.0 72.0 301.0 283.0 -6.0 Montana ........: 11.5 11.0 64.0 62.0 -3.1 Nebraska .......: 59.0 58.0 364.0 359.0 -1.4 Nevada .........: 31.0 33.0 195.0 204.0 4.6 New Hampshire ..: 11.0 10.5 60.0 58.0 -3.3 New Jersey .....: 4.7 4.4 25.0 24.0 -4.0 : New Mexico .....: 328.0 330.0 2,006.0 2,094.0 4.4 New York .......: 626.0 629.0 3,856.0 3,983.0 3.3 North Carolina .: 41.0 40.0 229.0 239.0 4.4 North Dakota ...: 14.5 15.0 82.0 86.0 4.9 Ohio ...........: 253.0 260.0 1,408.0 1,447.0 2.8 Oklahoma .......: 42.0 40.0 194.0 181.0 -6.7 Oregon .........: 125.0 126.0 667.0 673.0 0.9 Pennsylvania ...: 483.0 475.0 2,616.0 2,613.0 -0.1 Rhode Island ...: 0.5 0.5 2.7 2.6 -3.7 South Carolina .: 10.5 9.0 52.0 42.0 -19.2 : South Dakota ...: 134.0 154.0 765.0 889.0 16.2 Tennessee ......: 30.0 29.0 142.0 136.0 -4.2 Texas ..........: 590.0 622.0 3,655.0 3,971.0 8.6 Utah ...........: 96.0 96.0 567.0 575.0 1.4 Vermont ........: 123.0 119.0 656.0 655.0 -0.2 Virginia .......: 75.0 73.0 391.0 380.0 -2.8 Washington .....: 279.0 276.0 1,719.0 1,689.0 -1.7 West Virginia ..: 6.0 5.0 23.0 19.0 -17.4 Wisconsin ......: 1,258.0 1,274.0 7,673.0 8,016.0 4.5 Wyoming ........: 7.5 8.5 46.5 55.7 19.8 : Other States 3/ : 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.3 8.3 : United States ..: 9,364.0 9,502.0 56,070.0 58,141.0 3.7 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. 3/ Other States includes Alaska and Hawaii. Milk Cows and Production - States and United States: Preliminary July - September 2020 and 2021 [May not add due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : July - September milk cows 1/ : July - September milk production 2/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : : : : : Change : : : : : from : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head million pounds million pounds percent : Alabama ........: 3.2 2.5 9.0 7.0 -22.2 Alaska .........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (NA) Arizona ........: 200.0 198.0 1,126.0 1,111.0 -1.3 Arkansas .......: 5.0 4.5 14.0 13.0 -7.1 California .....: 1,721.0 1,720.0 10,118.0 10,106.0 -0.1 Colorado .......: 199.0 201.0 1,313.0 1,325.0 0.9 Connecticut ....: 19.0 19.0 106.0 105.0 -0.9 Delaware .......: 3.8 3.0 16.4 12.0 -26.8 Florida ........: 111.0 107.0 519.0 489.0 -5.8 Georgia ........: 80.0 82.0 410.0 425.0 3.7 : Hawaii .........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (NA) Idaho ..........: 645.0 652.0 4,176.0 4,180.0 0.1 Illinois .......: 83.0 82.0 426.0 423.0 -0.7 Indiana ........: 189.0 194.0 1,109.0 1,130.0 1.9 Iowa ...........: 218.0 226.0 1,335.0 1,382.0 3.5 Kansas .........: 170.0 171.0 1,002.0 1,009.0 0.7 Kentucky .......: 47.0 45.0 215.0 209.0 -2.8 Louisiana ......: 9.5 9.0 27.0 25.0 -7.4 Maine ..........: 27.0 26.0 147.0 144.0 -2.0 Maryland .......: 42.0 43.0 209.0 211.0 1.0 : Massachusetts ..: 10.0 9.5 49.0 48.0 -2.0 Michigan .......: 429.0 444.0 2,937.0 3,021.0 2.9 Minnesota ......: 447.0 461.0 2,575.0 2,655.0 3.1 Mississippi ....: 8.5 7.0 28.0 22.0 -21.4 Missouri .......: 75.0 70.0 253.0 237.0 -6.3 Montana ........: 11.5 11.0 64.0 61.0 -4.7 Nebraska .......: 59.0 58.0 360.0 352.0 -2.2 Nevada .........: 31.0 33.0 195.0 207.0 6.2 New Hampshire ..: 11.0 10.5 57.0 56.0 -1.8 New Jersey .....: 4.7 4.2 24.0 21.0 -12.5 : New Mexico .....: 326.0 311.0 1,989.0 1,829.0 -8.0 New York .......: 626.0 629.0 3,838.0 3,904.0 1.7 North Carolina .: 40.0 39.0 210.0 218.0 3.8 North Dakota ...: 15.0 15.0 84.0 85.0 1.2 Ohio ...........: 254.0 258.0 1,404.0 1,419.0 1.1 Oklahoma .......: 41.0 38.0 165.0 157.0 -4.8 Oregon .........: 124.0 124.0 658.0 655.0 -0.5 Pennsylvania ...: 482.0 475.0 2,521.0 2,482.0 -1.5 Rhode Island ...: 0.5 0.5 2.8 2.5 -10.7 South Carolina .: 10.0 9.0 40.0 36.0 -10.0 : South Dakota ...: 138.0 160.0 803.0 936.0 16.6 Tennessee ......: 29.0 28.0 126.0 119.0 -5.6 Texas ..........: 594.0 625.0 3,662.0 3,816.0 4.2 Utah ...........: 95.0 97.0 557.0 574.0 3.1 Vermont ........: 121.0 120.0 638.0 639.0 0.2 Virginia .......: 74.0 72.0 361.0 350.0 -3.0 Washington .....: 279.0 268.0 1,732.0 1,607.0 -7.2 West Virginia ..: 6.0 5.0 22.0 18.0 -18.2 Wisconsin ......: 1,257.0 1,278.0 7,735.0 8,027.0 3.8 Wyoming ........: 8.0 8.5 50.5 56.4 11.7 : Other States 3/ : 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.3 44.4 : United States ..: 9,380.0 9,454.0 55,419.0 55,917.0 0.9 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. 3/ Other States includes Alaska and Hawaii. Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: Primary data used to determine these estimates were obtained from a sample of producers. Individual States maintain a list of all known milk producers and information on the size of their herd. States use all known sources of producers to ensure that their lists are as complete as possible. Generally, all large producers and a sample of small producers are included in the survey. Questionnaires are mailed to producers near the end of the month to obtain data for the first day of the month. Additional reports are obtained by telephone, as needed, to supplement the mail response. Where feasible, States utilize state and federal administrative data to estimate milk production. This eliminates duplication of data gathering by different government agencies. Indications of milk cow inventory are also obtained in the January Cattle Surveys. Estimation Procedures: Regional Field Offices prepare these estimates by using a combination of survey indications, historic trends, and any available administrative data. Individual State estimates are reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board for reasonableness. Revision Policy: Milk production, milk per cow, and number of milk cows are subject to revision the following month after initial publication for monthly States or the following quarter for the quarterly States. Normally, administrative data from Federal Market Orders, State Departments of Agriculture, or other sources are the main basis for revisions. However, administrative data for all States may not be available in time for these revisions. Estimates are again subject to revisions in February each year based on additional administrative data. In the event that additional changes are necessary, a third revision is possible in February the following year. Estimates are again reviewed after data from the five-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions are made after that date. Reliability: Since all operations with dairy animals are not included in the sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplications, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these errors cannot be measured directly. They are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items on the next page. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance and is computed using the differences between first and final estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for milk production estimates over the past 20 quarters is 0.1 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the final estimate will not be above or below the current estimate of 55.9 billion pounds by more than 0.1 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 that the difference will not exceed 0.3 percent. Reliability of Quarterly Milk Production Estimates [Based on data for the past 20 quarters] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Root mean : 90 percent : Difference between first and latest estimate : square error : confidence : : : : : : : level :------------------------------------------------------------- Item : : : : : : Quarters : : : : : :------------------------------- : : : Average :Smallest : Largest : Below latest : Above latest -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent -------- 1,000 -------- ----- number ----- : : Milk production ..............: 0.1 0.3 56 1 215 14 6 : All milk cows ................: 0.1 0.2 9 0 26 16 2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov. Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch ......... (202) 692-0069 Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section ........... (202) 690-2424 Sherry Bertramsen - Livestock Slaughter ...... (202) 690-8632 Ryan Cowen - Cattle, Cattle on Feed .......... (202) 720-3040 Anthony Fischer - Hogs and Pigs .............. (202) 720-3106 Logan Hartley-Sanguinett - Sheep and Goats ... (202) 690-3236 Mike Miller - Milk Production and Milk Cows .. (202) 720-3278 Suzanne Richards - Dairy Products ............ (202) 720-4448 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. 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