Milk Production ISSN: 1949-1557 Released January 24, 2022, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). December Milk Production down slightly Milk production in the 24 major States during December totaled 18.0 billion pounds, down slightly from December 2020. November revised production, at 17.2 billion pounds, was down 0.2 percent from November 2020. The November revision represented a decrease of 16 million pounds or 0.1 percent from last month's preliminary production estimate. Production per cow in the 24 major States averaged 2,027 pounds for December, 8 pounds above December 2020. The number of milk cows on farms in the 24 major States was 8.88 million head, 42,000 head less than December 2020, and 8,000 head less than November 2021. October-December Milk Production down 0.1 Percent Milk production in the United States during the October - December quarter totaled 55.5 billion pounds, down 0.1 percent from the October - December quarter of the prior year. The average number of milk cows in the United States during the quarter was 9.38 million head, 67,000 head less than the July - September quarter, and 46,000 head less than the same period last year. Milk Cows and Production by Quarter - United States: 2020-2021 [May not add due to rounding] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Milk cows 1/ : Milk per cow 2/ : Milk production 2/ :--------------------------------------------------------------------- Quarter : : : : : : : Change : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : from : : : : : : : 2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head ---- pounds ---- million pounds percent : January-March ...: 9,378 9,458 5,990 6,003 56,174 56,776 1.1 April-June ......: 9,364 9,502 5,988 6,119 56,070 58,141 3.7 July-September ..: 9,380 9,450 5,908 5,913 55,419 55,875 0.8 October-December : 9,429 9,383 5,892 5,913 55,557 55,484 -0.1 : Annual ..........: 9,388 9,448 23,777 23,950 223,220 226,276 1.4 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Milk Cows and Production by Month - 24 Selected States: 2020-2021 [May not add due to rounding] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Milk cows 1/ : Milk per cow 2/ : Milk production 2/ :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : Change Month : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : from : : : : : : : 2020 :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head pounds pounds million pounds million pounds percent : January .......: 8,837 8,934 2,034 2,065 17,974 18,446 2.6 February ......: 8,848 8,947 1,926 1,884 17,038 16,858 -1.1 March .........: 8,861 8,961 2,085 2,106 18,474 18,873 2.2 April .........: 8,855 8,985 2,009 2,054 17,787 18,454 3.7 May ...........: 8,838 8,996 2,044 2,107 18,061 18,953 4.9 June ..........: 8,834 8,993 1,984 2,012 17,530 18,091 3.2 July ..........: 8,854 8,989 2,024 2,033 17,919 18,275 2.0 August ........: 8,857 8,947 2,010 2,004 17,799 17,927 0.7 September .....: 8,877 8,916 1,941 1,935 17,226 17,255 0.2 October .......: 8,897 8,898 1,996 2,003 17,758 17,821 0.4 November ......: 8,914 8,889 1,938 1,939 17,274 17,239 -0.2 December ......: 8,923 8,881 2,019 2,027 18,012 18,006 - : Annual ........: 8,866 8,945 24,008 24,170 212,852 216,198 1.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - Represents zero. 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Estimated Milk Cows and Production by Month - United States: 2020-2021 [May not add due to rounding] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Milk cows 1/ : Milk per cow 2/ : Milk production 2/ :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : Change Month : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : from : : : : : : : 2020 :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head pounds pounds million pounds million pounds percent : January .......: 9,365 9,445 2,016 2,047 18,877 19,330 2.4 February ......: 9,377 9,458 1,908 1,868 17,895 17,666 -1.3 March .........: 9,391 9,472 2,066 2,088 19,402 19,780 1.9 April .........: 9,377 9,496 1,993 2,036 18,684 19,332 3.5 May ...........: 9,360 9,507 2,027 2,088 18,972 19,855 4.7 June ..........: 9,355 9,503 1,968 1,995 18,414 18,954 2.9 July ..........: 9,372 9,491 2,001 2,013 18,756 19,102 1.8 August ........: 9,374 9,446 1,988 1,984 18,632 18,738 0.6 September .....: 9,395 9,413 1,919 1,916 18,031 18,035 - October .......: 9,414 9,393 1,976 1,984 18,603 18,635 0.2 November ......: 9,432 9,382 1,919 1,921 18,103 18,024 -0.4 December ......: 9,442 9,375 1,997 2,008 18,851 18,825 -0.1 : Annual ........: 9,388 9,448 23,777 23,950 223,220 226,276 1.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - Represents zero. 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Milk Cows and Production - 24 Selected States: December 2020 and 2021 [May not add due to rounding] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Milk cows 1/ : Milk per cow 2/ : Milk production 2/ State :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : Change : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : from : : : : : : : 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head pounds pounds million pounds million pounds percent : Arizona .........: 196 194 2,125 2,100 417 407 -2.4 California ......: 1,720 1,719 2,000 2,045 3,440 3,515 2.2 Colorado ........: 201 202 2,205 2,200 443 444 0.2 Florida .........: 111 105 1,730 1,730 192 182 -5.2 Georgia .........: 81 83 1,900 1,900 154 158 2.6 Idaho ...........: 646 652 2,055 2,070 1,328 1,350 1.7 Illinois ........: 84 81 1,845 1,820 155 147 -5.2 Indiana .........: 191 186 1,990 1,980 380 368 -3.2 Iowa ............: 220 225 2,095 2,090 461 470 2.0 Kansas ..........: 173 168 2,005 2,010 347 338 -2.6 : Michigan ........: 439 434 2,270 2,270 997 985 -1.2 Minnesota .......: 455 460 1,915 1,925 871 886 1.7 New Mexico ......: 337 292 2,100 2,060 708 602 -15.0 New York ........: 626 620 2,070 2,055 1,296 1,274 -1.7 Ohio ............: 258 248 1,860 1,860 480 461 -4.0 Oregon ..........: 125 125 1,725 1,735 216 217 0.5 Pennsylvania ....: 478 470 1,790 1,775 856 834 -2.6 South Dakota ....: 141 170 1,950 1,940 275 330 20.0 Texas ...........: 613 625 2,120 2,150 1,300 1,344 3.4 Utah ............: 95 94 1,940 1,935 184 182 -1.1 : Vermont .........: 120 120 1,810 1,785 217 214 -1.4 Virginia ........: 74 71 1,725 1,770 128 126 -1.6 Washington ......: 279 261 2,005 1,985 559 518 -7.3 Wisconsin .......: 1,260 1,276 2,070 2,080 2,608 2,654 1.8 : 24-State Total ..: 8,923 8,881 2,019 2,027 18,012 18,006 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Milk Cows and Production - 24 Selected States: November 2020 and 2021 [May not add due to rounding] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Milk cows 1/ : Milk per cow 2/ : Milk production 2/ :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : Change : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : from : : : : : : : 2020 :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :1,000 head 1,000 head pounds pounds million pounds million pounds percent : Arizona .......: 198 194 1,975 1,960 391 380 -2.8 California ....: 1,720 1,719 1,940 1,955 3,337 3,361 0.7 Colorado ......: 201 201 2,110 2,110 424 424 - Florida .......: 111 105 1,570 1,590 174 167 -4.0 Georgia .......: 81 82 1,755 1,770 142 145 2.1 Idaho .........: 646 651 2,005 2,010 1,295 1,309 1.1 Illinois ......: 84 81 1,730 1,730 145 140 -3.4 Indiana .......: 191 186 1,875 1,890 358 352 -1.7 Iowa ..........: 219 225 2,005 1,990 439 448 2.1 Kansas ........: 172 168 1,960 1,940 337 326 -3.3 : Michigan ......: 436 434 2,180 2,170 950 942 -0.8 Minnesota .....: 455 461 1,835 1,835 835 846 1.3 New Mexico ....: 334 295 1,995 1,960 666 578 -13.2 New York ......: 626 625 1,985 1,980 1,243 1,238 -0.4 Ohio ..........: 257 250 1,780 1,770 457 443 -3.1 Oregon ........: 125 125 1,670 1,680 209 210 0.5 Pennsylvania ..: 482 472 1,720 1,695 829 800 -3.5 South Dakota ..: 140 166 1,880 1,890 263 314 19.4 Texas .........: 608 625 2,030 2,030 1,234 1,269 2.8 Utah ..........: 95 94 1,880 1,865 179 175 -2.2 : Vermont .......: 120 120 1,725 1,700 207 204 -1.4 Virginia ......: 74 71 1,630 1,645 121 117 -3.3 Washington ....: 279 262 1,930 1,920 538 503 -6.5 Wisconsin .....: 1,260 1,277 1,985 1,995 2,501 2,548 1.9 : 24-State Total : 8,914 8,889 1,938 1,939 17,274 17,239 -0.2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Milk Cows and Production - States and United States: Revised July - September 2020 and 2021 [May not add due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : July - September milk cows 1/ : July - September milk production 2/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : : : : : Change : : : : : from : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head million pounds million pounds percent : Alabama ........: 3.2 2.5 9.0 8.0 -11.1 Alaska .........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (NA) Arizona ........: 200.0 198.0 1,126.0 1,106.0 -1.8 Arkansas .......: 5.0 4.5 14.0 13.0 -7.1 California .....: 1,721.0 1,720.0 10,118.0 10,098.0 -0.2 Colorado .......: 199.0 201.0 1,313.0 1,321.0 0.6 Connecticut ....: 19.0 19.0 106.0 105.0 -0.9 Delaware .......: 3.8 3.0 16.4 12.1 -26.2 Florida ........: 111.0 107.0 519.0 493.0 -5.0 Georgia ........: 80.0 82.0 410.0 425.0 3.7 : Hawaii .........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (NA) Idaho ..........: 645.0 652.0 4,176.0 4,193.0 0.4 Illinois .......: 83.0 82.0 426.0 423.0 -0.7 Indiana ........: 189.0 193.0 1,109.0 1,119.0 0.9 Iowa ...........: 218.0 226.0 1,335.0 1,381.0 3.4 Kansas .........: 170.0 171.0 1,002.0 1,008.0 0.6 Kentucky .......: 47.0 45.0 215.0 212.0 -1.4 Louisiana ......: 9.5 9.0 27.0 25.0 -7.4 Maine ..........: 27.0 26.0 147.0 141.0 -4.1 Maryland .......: 42.0 42.0 209.0 208.0 -0.5 : Massachusetts ..: 10.0 9.5 49.0 48.0 -2.0 Michigan .......: 429.0 443.0 2,937.0 3,010.0 2.5 Minnesota ......: 447.0 461.0 2,575.0 2,655.0 3.1 Mississippi ....: 8.5 7.0 28.0 22.0 -21.4 Missouri .......: 75.0 70.0 253.0 237.0 -6.3 Montana ........: 11.5 11.0 64.0 61.0 -4.7 Nebraska .......: 59.0 58.0 360.0 351.0 -2.5 Nevada .........: 31.0 33.0 195.0 207.0 6.2 New Hampshire ..: 11.0 10.5 57.0 56.0 -1.8 New Jersey .....: 4.7 4.2 24.0 21.0 -12.5 : New Mexico .....: 326.0 311.0 1,989.0 1,829.0 -8.0 New York .......: 626.0 629.0 3,838.0 3,898.0 1.6 North Carolina .: 40.0 39.0 210.0 217.0 3.3 North Dakota ...: 15.0 15.0 84.0 85.0 1.2 Ohio ...........: 254.0 257.0 1,404.0 1,410.0 0.4 Oklahoma .......: 41.0 38.0 165.0 157.0 -4.8 Oregon .........: 124.0 125.0 658.0 658.0 - Pennsylvania ...: 482.0 475.0 2,521.0 2,482.0 -1.5 Rhode Island ...: 0.5 0.5 2.8 2.5 -10.7 South Carolina .: 10.0 9.0 40.0 35.0 -12.5 : South Dakota ...: 138.0 160.0 803.0 939.0 16.9 Tennessee ......: 29.0 28.0 126.0 119.0 -5.6 Texas ..........: 594.0 625.0 3,662.0 3,816.0 4.2 Utah ...........: 95.0 96.0 557.0 570.0 2.3 Vermont ........: 121.0 120.0 638.0 639.0 0.2 Virginia .......: 74.0 72.0 361.0 351.0 -2.8 Washington .....: 279.0 268.0 1,732.0 1,613.0 -6.9 West Virginia ..: 6.0 5.0 22.0 18.0 -18.2 Wisconsin ......: 1,257.0 1,278.0 7,735.0 8,020.0 3.7 Wyoming ........: 8.0 8.5 50.5 56.4 11.7 : Other States 3/ : 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.3 44.4 : United States ..: 9,380.0 9,450.0 55,419.0 55,875.0 0.8 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. 3/ Other States includes Alaska and Hawaii. Milk Cows and Production - States and United States: Preliminary October - December 2020 and 2021 [May not add due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : October - December milk cows 1/ : October - December milk production 2/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : : : : : Change : : : : : from : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head million pounds million pounds percent : Alabama ........: 3.0 3.0 10.0 8.0 -20.0 Alaska .........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (NA) Arizona ........: 198.0 194.0 1,208.0 1,172.0 -3.0 Arkansas .......: 5.0 4.5 14.0 13.0 -7.1 California .....: 1,720.0 1,719.0 10,157.0 10,325.0 1.7 Colorado .......: 201.0 201.0 1,306.0 1,304.0 -0.2 Connecticut ....: 19.0 18.5 108.0 104.0 -3.7 Delaware .......: 3.7 2.8 16.4 11.4 -30.5 Florida ........: 111.0 105.0 537.0 512.0 -4.7 Georgia ........: 81.0 82.0 437.0 449.0 2.7 : Hawaii .........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (NA) Idaho ..........: 646.0 651.0 3,978.0 4,018.0 1.0 Illinois .......: 84.0 81.0 446.0 429.0 -3.8 Indiana ........: 191.0 186.0 1,118.0 1,089.0 -2.6 Iowa ...........: 219.0 225.0 1,352.0 1,379.0 2.0 Kansas .........: 172.0 168.0 1,025.0 1,000.0 -2.4 Kentucky .......: 47.0 45.0 219.0 214.0 -2.3 Louisiana ......: 10.0 9.0 31.0 27.0 -12.9 Maine ..........: 27.0 26.0 143.0 138.0 -3.5 Maryland .......: 43.0 41.0 221.0 206.0 -6.8 : Massachusetts ..: 10.0 9.5 48.0 47.0 -2.1 Michigan .......: 435.0 434.0 2,925.0 2,908.0 -0.6 Minnesota ......: 454.0 461.0 2,569.0 2,613.0 1.7 Mississippi ....: 8.0 7.0 30.0 23.0 -23.3 Missouri .......: 75.0 69.0 256.0 230.0 -10.2 Montana ........: 11.0 11.0 62.0 59.0 -4.8 Nebraska .......: 60.0 58.0 369.0 352.0 -4.6 Nevada .........: 31.0 32.0 185.0 196.0 5.9 New Hampshire ..: 11.0 10.5 56.0 54.0 -3.6 New Jersey .....: 4.6 4.2 24.0 21.0 -12.5 : New Mexico .....: 334.0 295.0 2,060.0 1,782.0 -13.5 New York .......: 626.0 624.0 3,813.0 3,799.0 -0.4 North Carolina .: 40.0 39.0 217.0 222.0 2.3 North Dakota ...: 15.0 15.0 82.0 83.0 1.2 Ohio ...........: 257.0 250.0 1,411.0 1,361.0 -3.5 Oklahoma .......: 41.0 39.0 174.0 175.0 0.6 Oregon .........: 125.0 125.0 644.0 647.0 0.5 Pennsylvania ...: 481.0 472.0 2,533.0 2,452.0 -3.2 Rhode Island ...: 0.5 0.5 2.7 2.4 -11.1 South Carolina .: 10.0 9.0 42.0 38.0 -9.5 : South Dakota ...: 140.0 166.0 812.0 964.0 18.7 Tennessee ......: 29.0 27.0 129.0 118.0 -8.5 Texas ..........: 608.0 625.0 3,800.0 3,929.0 3.4 Utah ...........: 95.0 94.0 548.0 539.0 -1.6 Vermont ........: 120.0 120.0 636.0 629.0 -1.1 Virginia .......: 74.0 71.0 372.0 362.0 -2.7 Washington .....: 279.0 262.0 1,665.0 1,550.0 -6.9 West Virginia ..: 6.0 5.0 21.0 19.0 -9.5 Wisconsin ......: 1,259.0 1,277.0 7,692.0 7,854.0 2.1 Wyoming ........: 8.0 9.0 51.8 56.2 8.5 : Other States 3/ : 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.2 -7.7 : United States ..: 9,429.0 9,383.0 55,557.0 55,484.0 -0.1 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. 3/ Other States includes Alaska and Hawaii. Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: Primary data used to determine these estimates were obtained from a sample of producers. Individual States maintain a list of all known milk producers and information on the size of their herd. States use all known sources of producers to ensure that their lists are as complete as possible. Generally, all large producers and a sample of small producers are included in the survey. Questionnaires are mailed to producers near the end of the month to obtain data for the first day of the month. Additional reports are obtained by telephone, as needed, to supplement the mail response. Where feasible, States utilize state and federal administrative data to estimate milk production. This eliminates duplication of data gathering by different government agencies. Indications of milk cow inventory are also obtained in the January Cattle Surveys. Estimation Procedures: Regional Field Offices prepare these estimates by using a combination of survey indications, historic trends, and any available administrative data. Individual State estimates are reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board for reasonableness. Revision Policy: Milk production, milk per cow, and number of milk cows are subject to revision the following month after initial publication for monthly States or the following quarter for the quarterly States. Normally, administrative data from Federal Market Orders, State Departments of Agriculture, or other sources are the main basis for revisions. However, administrative data for all States may not be available in time for these revisions. Estimates are again subject to revisions in February each year based on additional administrative data. In the event that additional changes are necessary, a third revision is possible in February the following year. Estimates are again reviewed after data from the five-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions are made after that date. Reliability: Since all operations with dairy animals are not included in the sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplications, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these errors cannot be measured directly. They are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items on the next page. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance and is computed using the differences between first and final estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for milk production estimates over the past 20 quarters is 0.1 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the final estimate will not be above or below the current estimate of 55.5 billion pounds by more than 0.1 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 that the difference will not exceed 0.3 percent. Reliability of Quarterly Milk Production Estimates [Based on data for the past 20 quarters] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Root mean : 90 percent : Difference between first and latest estimate : square error : confidence : : : : : : : level :------------------------------------------------------------- Item : : : : : : Quarters : : : : : :------------------------------- : : : Average :Smallest : Largest : Below latest : Above latest -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent -------- 1,000 -------- ----- number ----- : : Milk production ..............: 0.1 0.3 58 1 215 14 6 : All milk cows ................: 0.1 0.2 9 0 26 16 3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov. Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch ......... (202) 692-0069 Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section ........... (202) 690-2424 Sherry Bertramsen - Livestock Slaughter ...... (202) 690-8632 Ryan Cowen - Cattle, Cattle on Feed .......... (202) 720-3040 Anthony Fischer - Hogs and Pigs .............. (202) 720-3106 Logan Hartley-Sanguinett - Sheep and Goats ... (202) 690-3236 Mike Miller - Milk Production and Milk Cows .. (202) 720-3278 Suzanne Richards - Dairy Products ............ (202) 720-4448 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. 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