Milk Production ISSN: 1949-1557 Released January 25, 2021, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). December Milk Production up 3.2 Percent Milk production in the 24 major States during December totaled 18.1 billion pounds, up 3.2 percent from December 2019. November revised production, at 17.3 billion pounds, was up 3.5 percent from November 2019. The November revision represented an increase of 56 million pounds or 0.3 percent from last month's preliminary production estimate. Production per cow in the 24 major States averaged 2,027 pounds for December, 40 pounds above December 2019. The number of milk cows on farms in the 24 major States was 8.92 million head, 107,000 head more than December 2019, and 12,000 head more than November 2020. October-December Milk Production up 3.0 Percent Milk production in the United States during the October - December quarter totaled 55.6 billion pounds, up 3.0 percent from the October - December quarter last year. The average number of milk cows in the United States during the quarter was 9.43 million head, 59,000 head more than the July - September quarter, and 81,000 head more than the same period last year. Milk Cows and Production by Quarter - United States: 2019-2020 [May not add due to rounding] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Milk cows 1/ : Milk per cow 2/ : Milk production 2/ :--------------------------------------------------------------------- Quarter : : : : : : : Change : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : from : : : : : : : 2019 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head ---- pounds ---- million pounds percent : January-March ...: 9,346 9,374 5,823 5,988 54,423 56,130 3.1 April-June ......: 9,331 9,362 5,971 5,981 55,716 55,997 0.5 July-September ..: 9,322 9,367 5,818 5,906 54,237 55,324 2.0 October-December : 9,345 9,426 5,779 5,899 54,006 55,604 3.0 : Annual ..........: 9,336 9,382 23,391 23,775 218,382 223,055 2.1 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Milk Cows and Production by Month - 24 Selected States: 2019-2020 [May not add due to rounding] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Milk cows 1/ : Milk per cow 2/ : Milk production 2/ :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : Change Month : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : from : : : : : : : 2019 :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head pounds pounds million pounds million pounds percent : January .......: 8,805 8,834 2,010 2,033 17,699 17,956 1.5 February ......: 8,803 8,848 1,833 1,925 16,132 17,031 5.6 March .........: 8,789 8,857 2,038 2,084 17,916 18,455 3.0 April .........: 8,788 8,852 1,996 2,008 17,544 17,778 1.3 May ...........: 8,790 8,836 2,063 2,043 18,137 18,049 -0.5 June ..........: 8,784 8,827 1,974 1,981 17,342 17,486 0.8 July ..........: 8,785 8,840 1,997 2,024 17,542 17,891 2.0 August ........: 8,789 8,845 1,984 2,008 17,439 17,764 1.9 September .....: 8,805 8,864 1,908 1,941 16,796 17,201 2.4 October .......: 8,819 8,886 1,962 1,995 17,299 17,726 2.5 November ......: 8,817 8,911 1,894 1,939 16,699 17,280 3.5 December ......: 8,816 8,923 1,987 2,027 17,517 18,086 3.2 : Annual ........: 8,799 8,860 23,646 24,007 208,062 212,703 2.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Estimated Milk Cows and Production by Month - United States: 2019-2020 [May not add due to rounding] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Milk cows 1/ : Milk per cow 2/ : Milk production 2/ :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : Change Month : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : from : : : : : : : 2019 :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head pounds pounds million pounds million pounds percent : January .......: 9,354 9,361 1,990 2,015 18,612 18,860 1.3 February ......: 9,352 9,375 1,814 1,908 16,966 17,890 5.4 March .........: 9,333 9,385 2,019 2,065 18,845 19,380 2.8 April .........: 9,332 9,375 1,975 1,992 18,433 18,675 1.3 May ...........: 9,333 9,360 2,042 2,025 19,058 18,955 -0.5 June ..........: 9,327 9,350 1,954 1,964 18,225 18,367 0.8 July ..........: 9,315 9,358 1,973 2,001 18,375 18,726 1.9 August ........: 9,318 9,362 1,960 1,986 18,267 18,594 1.8 September .....: 9,333 9,381 1,885 1,919 17,595 18,004 2.3 October .......: 9,347 9,405 1,940 1,974 18,135 18,565 2.4 November ......: 9,345 9,431 1,873 1,919 17,506 18,098 3.4 December ......: 9,343 9,443 1,966 2,006 18,365 18,941 3.1 : Annual ........: 9,336 9,382 23,391 23,775 218,382 223,055 2.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Milk Cows and Production - 24 Selected States: December 2019 and 2020 [May not add due to rounding] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Milk cows 1/ : Milk per cow 2/ : Milk production 2/ State :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : Change : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : from : : : : : : : 2019 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head pounds pounds million pounds million pounds percent : Arizona .........: 194 196 2,105 2,095 408 411 0.7 California ......: 1,725 1,720 1,975 2,045 3,407 3,517 3.2 Colorado ........: 189 201 2,185 2,185 413 439 6.3 Florida .........: 116 111 1,740 1,730 202 192 -5.0 Georgia .........: 81 81 1,875 1,865 152 151 -0.7 Idaho ...........: 635 646 2,085 2,075 1,324 1,340 1.2 Illinois ........: 82 84 1,810 1,845 148 155 4.7 Indiana .........: 176 191 1,920 1,940 338 371 9.8 Iowa ............: 215 220 2,080 2,120 447 466 4.3 Kansas ..........: 167 173 2,010 2,040 336 353 5.1 : Michigan ........: 427 439 2,225 2,270 950 997 4.9 Minnesota .......: 445 455 1,870 1,915 832 871 4.7 New Mexico ......: 330 337 2,070 2,100 683 708 3.7 New York ........: 626 626 2,025 2,070 1,268 1,296 2.2 Ohio ............: 252 258 1,810 1,860 456 480 5.3 Oregon ..........: 127 125 1,695 1,710 215 214 -0.5 Pennsylvania ....: 483 478 1,745 1,790 843 856 1.5 South Dakota ....: 127 141 1,920 1,935 244 273 11.9 Texas ...........: 580 613 2,085 2,120 1,209 1,300 7.5 Utah ............: 97 95 1,910 1,940 185 184 -0.5 : Vermont .........: 124 120 1,805 1,810 224 217 -3.1 Virginia ........: 74 74 1,700 1,725 126 128 1.6 Washington ......: 282 279 2,000 2,005 564 559 -0.9 Wisconsin .......: 1,262 1,260 2,015 2,070 2,543 2,608 2.6 : 24-State Total ..: 8,816 8,923 1,987 2,027 17,517 18,086 3.2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Milk Cows and Production - 24 Selected States: November 2019 and 2020 [May not add due to rounding] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Milk cows 1/ : Milk per cow 2/ : Milk production 2/ :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : Change : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : from : : : : : : : 2019 :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :1,000 head 1,000 head pounds pounds million pounds million pounds percent : Arizona .......: 196 196 1,990 1,995 390 391 0.3 California ....: 1,725 1,720 1,895 1,945 3,269 3,345 2.3 Colorado ......: 190 201 2,085 2,110 396 424 7.1 Florida .......: 117 111 1,570 1,570 184 174 -5.4 Georgia .......: 81 81 1,755 1,755 142 142 - Idaho .........: 634 646 2,000 2,005 1,268 1,295 2.1 Illinois ......: 82 84 1,700 1,730 139 145 4.3 Indiana .......: 176 191 1,825 1,865 321 356 10.9 Iowa ..........: 216 219 1,980 2,005 428 439 2.6 Kansas ........: 165 173 1,920 1,965 317 340 7.3 : Michigan ......: 427 436 2,125 2,180 907 950 4.7 Minnesota .....: 446 455 1,770 1,835 789 835 5.8 New Mexico ....: 330 332 1,970 2,005 650 666 2.5 New York ......: 626 626 1,940 1,985 1,214 1,243 2.4 Ohio ..........: 252 257 1,730 1,780 436 457 4.8 Oregon ........: 127 125 1,645 1,650 209 206 -1.4 Pennsylvania ..: 485 482 1,665 1,720 808 829 2.6 South Dakota ..: 127 140 1,825 1,880 232 263 13.4 Texas .........: 575 608 1,955 2,030 1,124 1,234 9.8 Utah ..........: 97 95 1,860 1,880 180 179 -0.6 : Vermont .......: 124 120 1,725 1,725 214 207 -3.3 Virginia ......: 74 74 1,610 1,630 119 121 1.7 Washington ....: 281 279 1,930 1,930 542 538 -0.7 Wisconsin .....: 1,264 1,260 1,915 1,985 2,421 2,501 3.3 : 24-State Total : 8,817 8,911 1,894 1,939 16,699 17,280 3.5 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Milk Cows and Production - States and United States: Revised July - September 2019 and 2020 [May not add due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : July - September milk cows 1/ : July - September milk production 2/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : : : : : Change : : : : : from : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head million pounds million pounds percent : Alabama ........: 4.5 3.2 12.0 9.0 -25.0 Alaska .........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (NA) Arizona ........: 195.0 196.0 1,099.0 1,089.0 -0.9 Arkansas .......: 5.0 5.0 15.0 14.0 -6.7 California .....: 1,725.0 1,721.0 9,920.0 10,112.0 1.9 Colorado .......: 188.0 198.0 1,222.0 1,313.0 7.4 Connecticut ....: 19.0 19.0 104.0 105.0 1.0 Delaware .......: 4.0 3.8 16.2 16.4 1.2 Florida ........: 116.0 111.0 537.0 519.0 -3.4 Georgia ........: 80.0 80.0 409.0 410.0 0.2 : Hawaii .........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (NA) Idaho ..........: 628.0 645.0 4,041.0 4,176.0 3.3 Illinois .......: 83.0 83.0 412.0 424.0 2.9 Indiana ........: 175.0 186.0 985.0 1,084.0 10.1 Iowa ...........: 217.0 218.0 1,300.0 1,335.0 2.7 Kansas .........: 162.0 170.0 947.0 1,002.0 5.8 Kentucky .......: 49.0 47.0 213.0 215.0 0.9 Louisiana ......: 10.0 9.5 27.0 27.0 - Maine ..........: 29.0 27.0 157.0 147.0 -6.4 Maryland .......: 42.0 42.0 197.0 209.0 6.1 : Massachusetts ..: 10.0 10.0 47.0 48.0 2.1 Michigan .......: 427.0 429.0 2,854.0 2,933.0 2.8 Minnesota ......: 447.0 443.0 2,503.0 2,568.0 2.6 Mississippi ....: 8.0 8.5 27.0 28.0 3.7 Missouri .......: 77.0 75.0 258.0 253.0 -1.9 Montana ........: 11.5 11.5 66.0 64.0 -3.0 Nebraska .......: 58.0 59.0 345.0 360.0 4.3 Nevada .........: 33.0 31.0 193.0 190.0 -1.6 New Hampshire ..: 11.0 11.0 59.0 57.0 -3.4 New Jersey .....: 4.8 4.7 24.0 24.0 - : New Mexico .....: 327.0 326.0 2,042.0 1,989.0 -2.6 New York .......: 627.0 626.0 3,805.0 3,838.0 0.9 North Carolina .: 41.0 40.0 213.0 210.0 -1.4 North Dakota ...: 15.0 15.0 83.0 84.0 1.2 Ohio ...........: 251.0 254.0 1,350.0 1,404.0 4.0 Oklahoma .......: 41.0 41.0 170.0 165.0 -2.9 Oregon .........: 124.0 123.0 656.0 651.0 -0.8 Pennsylvania ...: 485.0 482.0 2,461.0 2,521.0 2.4 Rhode Island ...: 0.7 0.5 2.7 2.7 - South Carolina .: 11.0 10.0 45.0 40.0 -11.1 : South Dakota ...: 124.0 138.0 711.0 803.0 12.9 Tennessee ......: 31.0 29.0 126.0 126.0 - Texas ..........: 567.0 594.0 3,455.0 3,662.0 6.0 Utah ...........: 97.0 95.0 574.0 557.0 -3.0 Vermont ........: 126.0 121.0 674.0 638.0 -5.3 Virginia .......: 74.0 74.0 352.0 361.0 2.6 Washington .....: 281.0 279.0 1,746.0 1,732.0 -0.8 West Virginia ..: 6.0 6.0 22.0 22.0 - Wisconsin ......: 1,267.0 1,257.0 7,722.0 7,735.0 0.2 Wyoming ........: 6.0 8.0 37.0 50.5 36.5 : Other States 3/ : 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.0 11.1 : United States ..: 9,322.0 9,367.0 54,237.0 55,324.0 2.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. 3/ Other States includes Alaska and Hawaii. Milk Cows and Production - States and United States: Preliminary October - December 2019 and 2020 [May not add due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : October - December milk cows 1/ : October - December milk production 2/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : : : : : Change : : : : : from : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head million pounds million pounds percent : Alabama ........: 4.0 3.0 12.0 10.0 -16.7 Alaska .........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (NA) Arizona ........: 196.0 196.0 1,189.0 1,186.0 -0.3 Arkansas .......: 5.0 5.0 15.0 14.0 -6.7 California .....: 1,725.0 1,720.0 10,023.0 10,242.0 2.2 Colorado .......: 190.0 201.0 1,219.0 1,302.0 6.8 Connecticut ....: 19.5 19.0 107.0 108.0 0.9 Delaware .......: 3.8 3.7 16.7 16.4 -1.8 Florida ........: 117.0 111.0 565.0 537.0 -5.0 Georgia ........: 81.0 81.0 433.0 434.0 0.2 : Hawaii .........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (NA) Idaho ..........: 634.0 646.0 3,916.0 3,990.0 1.9 Illinois .......: 82.0 84.0 424.0 446.0 5.2 Indiana ........: 176.0 191.0 997.0 1,101.0 10.4 Iowa ...........: 216.0 219.0 1,318.0 1,357.0 3.0 Kansas .........: 165.0 173.0 977.0 1,034.0 5.8 Kentucky .......: 49.0 47.0 223.0 220.0 -1.3 Louisiana ......: 10.0 10.0 31.0 31.0 - Maine ..........: 28.0 27.0 147.0 143.0 -2.7 Maryland .......: 42.0 43.0 208.0 221.0 6.3 : Massachusetts ..: 10.0 10.0 48.0 47.0 -2.1 Michigan .......: 427.0 435.0 2,811.0 2,925.0 4.1 Minnesota ......: 446.0 452.0 2,446.0 2,562.0 4.7 Mississippi ....: 8.0 8.0 30.0 31.0 3.3 Missouri .......: 77.0 75.0 254.0 259.0 2.0 Montana ........: 12.0 11.0 64.0 62.0 -3.1 Nebraska .......: 58.0 60.0 355.0 367.0 3.4 Nevada .........: 32.0 31.0 184.0 185.0 0.5 New Hampshire ..: 11.0 11.0 57.0 56.0 -1.8 New Jersey .....: 4.7 4.6 24.0 24.0 - : New Mexico .....: 330.0 334.0 2,006.0 2,060.0 2.7 New York .......: 626.0 626.0 3,743.0 3,813.0 1.9 North Carolina .: 41.0 40.0 217.0 213.0 -1.8 North Dakota ...: 15.0 15.0 80.0 82.0 2.5 Ohio ...........: 252.0 257.0 1,343.0 1,411.0 5.1 Oklahoma .......: 41.0 41.0 179.0 174.0 -2.8 Oregon .........: 127.0 125.0 644.0 636.0 -1.2 Pennsylvania ...: 484.0 481.0 2,478.0 2,533.0 2.2 Rhode Island ...: 0.6 0.5 2.6 2.6 - South Carolina .: 11.0 10.0 47.0 42.0 -10.6 : South Dakota ...: 127.0 140.0 717.0 810.0 13.0 Tennessee ......: 31.0 29.0 130.0 130.0 - Texas ..........: 577.0 608.0 3,503.0 3,800.0 8.5 Utah ...........: 97.0 95.0 554.0 548.0 -1.1 Vermont ........: 124.0 120.0 662.0 636.0 -3.9 Virginia .......: 74.0 74.0 365.0 372.0 1.9 Washington .....: 281.0 279.0 1,675.0 1,665.0 -0.6 West Virginia ..: 6.0 6.0 21.0 21.0 - Wisconsin ......: 1,264.0 1,259.0 7,507.0 7,692.0 2.5 Wyoming ........: 6.0 8.0 37.2 51.8 39.2 : Other States 3/ : 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.3 8.3 : United States ..: 9,345.0 9,426.0 54,006.0 55,604.0 3.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. 1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. 3/ Other States includes Alaska and Hawaii. Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: Primary data used to determine these estimates were obtained from a sample of producers. Individual States maintain a list of all known milk producers and information on the size of their herd. States use all known sources of producers to ensure that their lists are as complete as possible. Generally, all large producers and a sample of small producers are included in the survey. Questionnaires are mailed to producers near the end of the month to obtain data for the first day of the month. Additional reports are obtained by telephone, as needed, to supplement the mail response. Where feasible, States utilize state and federal administrative data to estimate milk production. This eliminates duplication of data gathering by different government agencies. Indications of milk cow inventory are also obtained in the January Cattle Surveys. Estimation Procedures: Regional Field Offices prepare these estimates by using a combination of survey indications, historic trends, and any available administrative data. Individual State estimates are reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board for reasonableness. Revision Policy: Milk production, milk per cow, and number of milk cows are subject to revision the following month after initial publication for monthly States or the following quarter for the quarterly States. Normally, administrative data from Federal Market Orders, State Departments of Agriculture, or other sources are the main basis for revisions. However, administrative data for all States may not be available in time for these revisions. Estimates are again subject to revisions in February each year based on additional administrative data. In the event that additional changes are necessary, a third revision is possible in February the following year. Estimates are again reviewed after data from the five-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions are made after that date. Reliability: Since all operations with dairy animals are not included in the sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplications, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these errors cannot be measured directly. They are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items on the next page. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance and is computed using the differences between first and final estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for milk production estimates over the past 20 quarters is 0.1 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the final estimate will not be above or below the current estimate of 55.6 billion pounds by more than 0.1 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 that the difference will not exceed 0.2 percent. Reliability of Quarterly Milk Production Estimates [Based on data for the past 20 quarters] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Root mean : 90 percent : Difference between first and latest estimate : square error : confidence : : : : : : : level :------------------------------------------------------------- Item : : : : : : Quarters : : : : : :------------------------------- : : : Average :Smallest : Largest : Below latest : Above latest -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent -------- 1,000 -------- ----- number ----- : : Milk production ..............: 0.1 0.2 48 4 184 11 9 : All milk cows ................: 0.1 0.2 8 0 26 14 4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov. Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch ......... (202) 692-0069 Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section ........... (202) 690-2424 Sherry Bertramsen - Livestock Slaughter ...... (202) 690-8632 Holly Brenize - Sheep and Goats .............. (202) 720-0585 Ryan Cowen - Cattle, Cattle on Feed .......... (202) 720-3040 Mike Miller - Milk Production and Milk Cows .. (202) 720-3278 Suzanne Richards - Dairy Products ............ (202) 720-4448 Seth Riggins - Hogs and Pigs ................. (202) 720-3106 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. 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