Milk Production
ISSN: 1949-1557
Released February 21, 2025, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service
(NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA).
January Milk Production up 0.2 percent
Milk production in the 24 major States during January totaled 18.3 billion
pounds, up 0.2 percent from January 2024. December revised production, at
18.0 billion pounds, was down 0.2 percent from December 2023. The December
revision represented no change from last month's preliminary production
estimate.
Production per cow in the 24 major States averaged 2,054 pounds for January,
8 pounds below January 2024.
The number of milk cows on farms in the 24 major States was 8.93 million
head, up 54,000 head from January 2024, and up 9,000 head from December 2024.
2024 Annual Milk Production down 0.2 percent from 2023
The annual production of milk for the United States during 2024 was
226 billion pounds, down 0.2 percent from 2023. Revisions to 2023 production
decreased the annual total 53 million pounds. Revised 2024 production was up
14 million pounds from last month's publication. Annual total milk production
has increased 8.3 percent from 2015.
Production per cow in the United States averaged 24,178 pounds for 2024,
61 pounds above 2023. The average annual rate of milk production per cow has
increased 8.1 percent from 2015.
The average number of milk cows on farms in the United States during 2024 was
9.34 million head, down 42,000 head from 2023. The average number of milk
cows was revised up 3,000 head for 2024. The average annual number of milk
cows has increased 0.2 percent from 2015.
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Contents
Milk Cows and Production by Quarter - United States: 2024-2025................................ 4
Milk Cows and Production by Month - 24 Selected States: 2024-2025............................. 4
Estimated Milk Cows and Production by Month - United States: 2024-2025........................ 4
Milk Cows and Production - 24 Selected States: January 2024 and 2025.......................... 5
Monthly Milk Production - 24 Selected States.................................................. 5
Milk Cows and Production - 24 Selected States: December 2023 and 2024......................... 6
Monthly Milk Cows - 24 Selected States........................................................ 6
Milk Cows and Production - United States: 2015-2024........................................... 7
Milk Production - United States: 2015-2024.................................................... 7
Milk Cows and Production - States and United States: 2023 and 2024............................ 8
Milk Cows - United States: 2015-2024.......................................................... 9
Production per Cow - United States: 2015-2024................................................. 9
Milk Cows by Month - 24 Selected States, 24 State Total, and United States: 2023.............. 10
Milk Cows by Month - 24 Selected States, 24 State Total, and United States: 2024.............. 11
Milk Produced per Cow by Month - 24 Selected States, 24 State Total, and United States: 2023.. 12
Milk Produced per Cow by Month - 24 Selected States, 24 State Total, and United States: 2024.. 13
Milk Production by Month - 24 Selected States, 24 State Total, and United States: 2023........ 14
Milk Production by Month - 24 Selected States, 24 State Total, and United States: 2024........ 15
Milk Cows and Production by Quarter - States and United States: 2023.......................... 16
Milk Cows and Production by Quarter - States and United States: 2024.......................... 17
Licensed Dairy Herds - States and United States: 2023 and 2024................................ 18
Statistical Methodology....................................................................... 19
Reliability of Monthly Milk Production Estimates.............................................. 19
Information Contacts.......................................................................... 20
Milk Cows and Production by Quarter - United States: 2024-2025
[May not add due to rounding. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not
yet begun]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Milk cows 1/ : Milk per cow 2/ : Milk production 2/
:---------------------------------------------------------------------
Quarter : : : : : : : Change
: 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : from
: : : : : : : 2024
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 1,000 head --- pounds -- million pounds percent
:
January-March ...: 9,338 6,098 56,943
April-June ......: 9,330 6,145 57,333
July-September ..: 9,341 6,004 56,085
October-December : 9,360 5,930 55,507
:
Annual ..........: 9,342 24,178 225,868
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh.
2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves.
Milk Cows and Production by Month - 24 Selected States: 2024-2025
[May not add due to rounding. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Milk cows 1/ : Milk per cow 2/ : Milk production 2/
:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : : : : : Change
Month : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : from
: : : : : : : 2024
:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 1,000 head 1,000 head pounds pounds million pounds million pounds percent
:
January .......: 8,871 8,925 2,062 2,054 18,293 18,329 0.2
February ......: 8,888 1,961 17,432
March .........: 8,892 2,121 18,861
April .........: 8,890 2,059 18,305
May ...........: 8,886 2,118 18,821
June ..........: 8,878 2,012 17,861
July ..........: 8,886 2,045 18,175
August ........: 8,903 2,040 18,164
September .....: 8,911 1,969 17,544
October .......: 8,927 2,019 18,025
November ......: 8,919 1,936 17,270
December ......: 8,916 2,018 17,996
:
Annual ........: 8,897 24,362 216,747
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh.
2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves.
Estimated Milk Cows and Production by Month - United States: 2024-2025
[May not add due to rounding. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Milk cows 1/ : Milk per cow 2/ : Milk production 2/
:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : : : : : Change
Month : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : from
: : : : : : : 2024
:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 1,000 head 1,000 head pounds pounds million pounds million pounds percent
:
January .......: 9,324 9,365 2,047 2,040 19,083 19,100 0.1
February ......: 9,343 1,946 18,185
March .........: 9,347 2,105 19,675
April .........: 9,336 2,044 19,082
May ...........: 9,331 2,103 19,624
June ..........: 9,323 1,998 18,627
July ..........: 9,326 2,029 18,918
August ........: 9,344 2,023 18,906
September .....: 9,353 1,952 18,261
October .......: 9,367 2,004 18,775
November ......: 9,359 1,922 17,988
December ......: 9,355 2,004 18,744
:
Annual ........: 9,342 24,178 225,868
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh.
2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves.
Milk Cows and Production - 24 Selected States: January 2024 and 2025
[May not add due to rounding]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Milk cows 1/ : Milk per cow 2/ : Milk production 2/
State :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : : : : : Change
: 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : from
: : : : : : : 2024
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 1,000 head 1,000 head pounds pounds million pounds million pounds percent
:
Arizona .........: 196 188 2,125 2,125 417 400 -4.1
California ......: 1,709 1,710 2,070 1,950 3,538 3,335 -5.7
Colorado ........: 198 205 2,205 2,205 437 452 3.4
Florida .........: 98 95 1,835 1,870 180 178 -1.1
Georgia .........: 87 85 1,925 2,030 167 173 3.6
Idaho ...........: 663 690 2,085 2,130 1,382 1,470 6.4
Illinois ........: 79 77 1,855 1,860 147 143 -2.7
Indiana .........: 190 190 2,000 2,025 380 385 1.3
Iowa ............: 240 245 2,110 2,110 506 517 2.2
Kansas ..........: 174 180 2,020 2,035 351 366 4.3
:
Michigan ........: 439 440 2,320 2,330 1,018 1,025 0.7
Minnesota .......: 449 440 1,955 1,990 878 876 -0.2
New Mexico ......: 240 237 2,130 2,130 511 505 -1.2
New York ........: 630 630 2,115 2,155 1,332 1,358 2.0
Ohio ............: 255 251 1,885 1,925 481 483 0.4
Oregon ..........: 115 116 1,730 1,750 199 203 2.0
Pennsylvania ....: 465 465 1,795 1,810 835 842 0.8
South Dakota ....: 210 217 1,905 1,965 400 426 6.5
Texas ...........: 635 675 2,195 2,200 1,394 1,485 6.5
Utah ............: 89 91 1,950 1,950 174 177 1.7
:
Vermont .........: 116 113 1,820 1,865 211 211 -
Virginia ........: 67 66 1,800 1,780 121 117 -3.3
Washington ......: 257 254 2,035 2,000 523 508 -2.9
Wisconsin .......: 1,270 1,265 2,135 2,130 2,711 2,694 -0.6
:
24-State Total ..: 8,871 8,925 2,062 2,054 18,293 18,329 0.2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Represents zero.
1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh.
2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves.
Milk Cows and Production - 24 Selected States: December 2023 and 2024
[May not add due to rounding]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Milk cows 1/ : Milk per cow 2/ : Milk production 2/
State :-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : : : : : Change
: 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : from
: : : : : : : 2023
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
:1,000 head 1,000 head pounds pounds million pounds million pounds percent
:
Arizona .......: 197 189 2,090 2,095 412 396 -3.9
California ....: 1,709 1,709 2,015 1,855 3,444 3,170 -8.0
Colorado ......: 197 205 2,190 2,195 431 450 4.4
Florida .......: 98 96 1,705 1,745 167 168 0.6
Georgia .......: 88 85 1,820 2,010 160 171 6.9
Idaho .........: 663 685 2,060 2,115 1,366 1,449 6.1
Illinois ......: 79 77 1,820 1,830 144 141 -2.1
Indiana .......: 190 190 1,995 2,010 379 382 0.8
Iowa ..........: 239 245 2,060 2,060 492 505 2.6
Kansas ........: 175 180 1,990 1,995 348 359 3.2
:
Michigan ......: 439 440 2,285 2,315 1,003 1,019 1.6
Minnesota .....: 450 440 1,930 1,965 869 865 -0.5
New Mexico ....: 250 240 2,045 2,060 511 494 -3.3
New York ......: 630 630 2,110 2,135 1,329 1,345 1.2
Ohio ..........: 255 250 1,870 1,910 477 478 0.2
Oregon ........: 120 111 1,725 1,710 207 190 -8.2
Pennsylvania ..: 465 465 1,765 1,765 821 821 -
South Dakota ..: 207 215 1,895 1,965 392 422 7.7
Texas .........: 635 675 2,170 2,195 1,378 1,482 7.5
Utah ..........: 89 91 1,925 1,935 171 176 2.9
:
Vermont .......: 116 113 1,800 1,840 209 208 -0.5
Virginia ......: 68 66 1,750 1,780 119 117 -1.7
Washington ....: 258 254 2,010 1,970 519 500 -3.7
Wisconsin .....: 1,270 1,265 2,115 2,125 2,686 2,688 0.1
:
24-State Total : 8,887 8,916 2,029 2,018 18,034 17,996 -0.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Represents zero.
1/ Includes dry cows. Excludes heifers not yet fresh.
2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves.
Milk Cows and Production - United States: 2015-2024
[May not add due to rounding]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : Production per cow : Milk production
: : 2/ : 2/
Year : Milk cows 1/ :----------------------------------------------
: : Milk : Total
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 1,000 head pounds million pounds
:
2015 ........: 9,320 22,372 208,508
2016 ........: 9,334 22,761 212,451
2017 ........: 9,406 22,914 215,527
2018 ........: 9,398 23,152 217,584
2019 ........: 9,335 23,401 218,444
2020 ........: 9,396 23,764 223,282
2021 ........: 9,449 23,943 226,238
2022 ........: 9,400 24,087 226,416
2023 ........: 9,384 24,117 226,311
2024 ........: 9,342 24,178 225,868
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Average number during year, excluding heifers not yet fresh.
2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves.
Milk Cows and Production - States and United States: 2023 and 2024
[May not add due to rounding]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Milk cows 1/ : Milk per cow 2/ : Milk production 2/
State :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : : : : : Change
: 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : from
: : : : : : : 2023
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 1,000 head 1,000 head pounds pounds million pounds million pounds percent
:
Alabama .........: 2.3 2.3 11,739 11,739 27.0 27.0 -
Alaska ..........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (NA)
Arizona .........: 198.0 192.0 24,348 24,438 4,821.0 4,692.0 -2.7
Arkansas ........: 2.7 2.1 12,222 12,381 33.0 26.0 -21.2
California ......: 1,714.0 1,708.0 23,862 23,585 40,900.0 40,283.0 -1.5
Colorado ........: 201.0 203.0 25,930 25,892 5,212.0 5,256.0 0.8
Connecticut .....: 18.0 17.5 23,722 24,229 427.0 424.0 -0.7
Delaware ........: 2.7 2.6 17,815 18,154 48.1 47.2 -1.9
Florida .........: 97.0 99.0 21,093 20,505 2,046.0 2,030.0 -0.8
Georgia .........: 89.0 85.0 21,730 22,953 1,934.0 1,951.0 0.9
:
Hawaii ..........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (NA)
Idaho ...........: 667.0 671.0 25,228 25,370 16,827.0 17,023.0 1.2
Illinois ........: 79.0 78.0 21,620 21,782 1,708.0 1,699.0 -0.5
Indiana .........: 190.0 190.0 23,753 23,753 4,513.0 4,513.0 -
Iowa ............: 240.0 243.0 24,679 24,749 5,923.0 6,014.0 1.5
Kansas ..........: 175.0 177.0 23,857 23,876 4,175.0 4,226.0 1.2
Kentucky ........: 45.0 42.0 20,333 20,143 915.0 846.0 -7.5
Louisiana .......: 7.5 7.5 13,467 12,400 101.0 93.0 -7.9
Maine ...........: 25.0 24.0 21,680 22,667 542.0 544.0 0.4
Maryland ........: 40.0 39.0 21,150 21,000 846.0 819.0 -3.2
:
Massachusetts ...: 9.0 9.0 20,000 20,000 180.0 180.0 -
Michigan ........: 438.0 438.0 27,523 27,680 12,055.0 12,124.0 0.6
Minnesota .......: 452.0 444.0 23,226 23,405 10,498.0 10,392.0 -1.0
Mississippi .....: 6.0 5.5 12,333 11,818 74.0 65.0 -12.2
Missouri ........: 62.0 57.0 13,984 14,000 867.0 798.0 -8.0
Montana .........: 9.5 8.5 22,105 23,294 210.0 198.0 -5.7
Nebraska ........: 54.0 50.0 24,815 24,940 1,340.0 1,247.0 -6.9
Nevada ..........: 32.0 31.0 23,781 25,097 761.0 778.0 2.2
New Hampshire ...: 9.5 9.5 21,789 21,474 207.0 204.0 -1.4
New Jersey ......: 4.0 3.9 21,500 21,538 86.0 84.0 -2.3
:
New Mexico ......: 271.0 240.0 24,587 24,717 6,663.0 5,932.0 -11.0
New York ........: 630.0 630.0 25,492 25,559 16,060.0 16,102.0 0.3
North Carolina ..: 38.0 38.0 23,526 22,553 894.0 857.0 -4.1
North Dakota ....: 11.5 9.5 23,478 24,000 270.0 228.0 -15.6
Ohio ............: 253.0 253.0 22,364 22,506 5,658.0 5,694.0 0.6
Oklahoma ........: 39.0 40.0 17,692 18,450 690.0 738.0 7.0
Oregon ..........: 122.0 117.0 20,934 20,957 2,554.0 2,452.0 -4.0
Pennsylvania ....: 466.0 465.0 21,157 21,037 9,859.0 9,782.0 -0.8
Rhode Island ....: 0.5 0.5 19,200 17,200 9.6 8.6 -10.4
South Carolina ..: 8.5 8.0 17,412 18,125 148.0 145.0 -2.0
:
South Dakota ....: 195.0 213.0 23,015 23,239 4,488.0 4,950.0 10.3
Tennessee .......: 25.0 24.0 18,680 18,708 467.0 449.0 -3.9
Texas ...........: 642.0 657.0 25,802 25,932 16,565.0 17,037.0 2.8
Utah ............: 90.0 91.0 23,178 23,297 2,086.0 2,120.0 1.6
Vermont .........: 117.0 114.0 21,675 21,746 2,536.0 2,479.0 -2.2
Virginia ........: 68.0 67.0 20,882 20,851 1,420.0 1,397.0 -1.6
Washington ......: 258.0 259.0 24,136 24,124 6,227.0 6,248.0 0.3
West Virginia ...: 4.5 4.0 14,889 14,750 67.0 59.0 -11.9
Wisconsin .......: 1,270.0 1,269.0 25,294 25,493 32,123.0 32,351.0 0.7
Wyoming .........: 9.5 9.0 25,674 27,578 243.9 248.2 1.8
:
Other States 3/ .: 0.9 0.9 7,444 8,778 6.7 7.9 17.9
:
United States ...: 9,384.0 9,342.0 24,117 24,178 226,311.0 225,868.0 -0.2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Represents zero.
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(NA) Not available.
1/ Average number during year, excluding heifers not yet fresh.
2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves.
3/ Other States includes Alaska and Hawaii.
Milk Cows by Month - 24 Selected States, 24 State Total, and United States: 2023
[Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
State : January : February : March : April : May : June
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 1,000 head
:
Arizona .........: 194 194 194 196 198 200
California ......: 1,719 1,718 1,717 1,717 1,715 1,714
Colorado ........: 200 201 203 205 206 204
Florida .........: 94 95 95 95 96 97
Georgia .........: 91 89 89 89 89 89
Idaho ...........: 664 668 669 669 670 670
Illinois ........: 79 79 79 79 79 79
Indiana .........: 188 189 189 189 189 189
Iowa ............: 240 240 240 239 240 240
Kansas ..........: 175 178 180 180 179 175
:
Michigan ........: 435 435 435 436 436 438
Minnesota .......: 455 455 454 454 454 452
New Mexico ......: 282 280 281 282 280 275
New York ........: 630 630 630 630 630 630
Ohio ............: 251 252 252 252 252 252
Oregon ..........: 124 124 126 125 122 120
Pennsylvania ....: 466 466 466 466 466 466
South Dakota ....: 187 189 189 189 193 195
Texas ...........: 650 655 660 645 645 635
Utah ............: 91 90 90 90 91 91
:
Vermont .........: 118 118 118 118 118 117
Virginia ........: 68 68 67 67 67 68
Washington ......: 255 257 260 261 258 258
Wisconsin .......: 1,270 1,270 1,269 1,268 1,270 1,269
:
24-State total ..: 8,926 8,940 8,952 8,941 8,943 8,923
:
United States 1/ : 9,405 9,420 9,432 9,412 9,414 9,392
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : : : : : Annual
State : July : August :September : October : November : December :average 2/
:----------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 1,000 head
:
:
Arizona .........: 198 201 201 201 199 197 198
California ......: 1,714 1,713 1,712 1,711 1,710 1,709 1,714
Colorado ........: 200 198 198 198 197 197 201
Florida .........: 99 99 100 100 99 98 97
Georgia .........: 89 89 89 89 88 88 89
Idaho ...........: 666 666 665 663 663 663 667
Illinois ........: 79 79 79 79 79 79 79
Indiana .........: 190 190 191 191 190 190 190
Iowa ............: 242 240 240 239 239 239 240
Kansas ..........: 169 169 172 175 176 175 175
:
Michigan ........: 439 439 439 439 439 439 438
Minnesota .......: 451 450 451 451 449 450 452
New Mexico ......: 270 270 265 260 255 250 271
New York ........: 630 630 630 630 630 630 630
Ohio ............: 253 253 255 255 255 255 253
Oregon ..........: 120 120 120 119 120 120 122
Pennsylvania ....: 466 466 466 466 466 465 466
South Dakota ....: 197 197 198 198 202 207 195
Texas ...........: 635 635 635 635 635 635 642
Utah ............: 91 90 88 88 88 89 90
:
Vermont .........: 117 117 116 116 116 116 117
Virginia ........: 68 68 69 69 68 68 68
Washington ......: 257 257 257 257 257 258 258
Wisconsin .......: 1,269 1,269 1,270 1,270 1,270 1,270 1,270
:
24-State Total ..: 8,909 8,905 8,906 8,899 8,890 8,887 8,918
:
United States 1/ : 9,367 9,363 9,365 9,351 9,342 9,339 9,384
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ United States monthly estimates are derived by proportionally allocating the quarterly
estimates using the 24-state monthly totals.
2/ Average based on monthly totals.
Milk Cows by Month - 24 Selected States, 24 State Total, and United States: 2024
[Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
State : January : February : March : April : May : June
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 1,000 head
:
Arizona .........: 196 193 193 193 192 190
California ......: 1,709 1,709 1,709 1,709 1,708 1,707
Colorado ........: 198 201 203 203 203 202
Florida .........: 98 98 100 102 100 98
Georgia .........: 87 86 85 85 85 85
Idaho ...........: 663 665 668 669 666 667
Illinois ........: 79 79 79 79 78 78
Indiana .........: 190 190 190 189 189 189
Iowa ............: 240 242 242 243 243 242
Kansas ..........: 174 174 174 173 173 173
:
Michigan ........: 439 439 439 438 438 436
Minnesota .......: 449 448 446 446 446 444
New Mexico ......: 240 243 240 235 238 238
New York ........: 630 630 630 630 630 630
Ohio ............: 255 254 255 255 253 252
Oregon ..........: 115 116 116 118 118 118
Pennsylvania ....: 465 465 465 465 465 465
South Dakota ....: 210 210 212 212 212 213
Texas ...........: 635 645 643 640 645 650
Utah ............: 89 90 91 91 91 91
:
Vermont .........: 116 116 115 115 114 114
Virginia ........: 67 67 67 67 67 66
Washington ......: 257 258 260 261 260 260
Wisconsin .......: 1,270 1,270 1,270 1,272 1,272 1,270
:
24-State total ..: 8,871 8,888 8,892 8,890 8,886 8,878
:
United States 1/ : 9,324 9,343 9,347 9,336 9,331 9,323
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : : : : : Annual
State : July : August :September : October : November : December :average 2/
:----------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 1,000 head
:
:
Arizona .........: 190 192 192 190 189 189 192
California ......: 1,707 1,707 1,708 1,709 1,709 1,709 1,708
Colorado ........: 200 200 202 206 204 205 203
Florida .........: 98 98 98 98 96 96 99
Georgia .........: 85 85 85 85 85 85 85
Idaho ...........: 667 672 672 676 680 685 671
Illinois ........: 78 77 77 77 77 77 78
Indiana .........: 189 189 189 189 190 190 190
Iowa ............: 241 241 243 244 244 245 243
Kansas ..........: 177 178 181 181 180 180 177
:
Michigan ........: 436 437 438 439 440 440 438
Minnesota .......: 442 442 442 442 442 440 444
New Mexico ......: 239 239 240 242 240 240 240
New York ........: 630 630 630 630 630 630 630
Ohio ............: 252 252 251 251 251 250 253
Oregon ..........: 117 118 118 118 116 111 117
Pennsylvania ....: 465 465 465 465 465 465 465
South Dakota ....: 213 214 215 215 215 215 213
Texas ...........: 660 670 670 675 675 675 657
Utah ............: 92 92 91 91 91 91 91
:
Vermont .........: 114 113 113 113 113 113 114
Virginia ........: 66 66 66 66 66 66 67
Washington ......: 260 260 259 259 255 254 259
Wisconsin .......: 1,268 1,266 1,266 1,266 1,266 1,265 1,269
:
24-State total ..: 8,886 8,903 8,911 8,927 8,919 8,916 8,897
:
United States 1/ : 9,326 9,344 9,353 9,367 9,359 9,355 9,342
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ United States monthly estimates are derived by proportionally allocating the quarterly
estimates using the 24-state monthly totals.
2/ Average based on monthly totals.
Milk Produced per Cow by Month - 24 Selected States, 24 State Total, and United States: 2023
[Excludes milk sucked by calves]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
State : January : February : March : April : May : June
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: pounds
:
Arizona .........: 2,115 2,000 2,270 2,185 2,190 2,030
California ......: 2,055 1,905 2,120 2,060 2,125 1,995
Colorado ........: 2,205 1,995 2,230 2,165 2,235 2,145
Florida .........: 1,915 1,795 2,010 1,905 1,940 1,815
Georgia .........: 1,900 1,790 1,980 1,890 1,890 1,790
Idaho ...........: 2,120 1,935 2,160 2,105 2,215 2,145
Illinois ........: 1,850 1,710 1,930 1,860 1,915 1,835
Indiana .........: 2,030 1,845 2,080 2,010 2,070 2,010
Iowa ............: 2,095 1,915 2,130 2,065 2,135 2,070
Kansas ..........: 2,040 1,850 2,065 2,000 2,055 1,955
:
Michigan ........: 2,345 2,135 2,380 2,310 2,400 2,310
Minnesota .......: 1,970 1,795 1,990 1,925 1,995 1,945
New Mexico ......: 2,155 1,955 2,220 2,135 2,160 2,000
New York ........: 2,135 1,950 2,170 2,130 2,230 2,155
Ohio ............: 1,885 1,730 1,945 1,875 1,945 1,875
Oregon ..........: 1,760 1,620 1,820 1,770 1,830 1,760
Pennsylvania ....: 1,820 1,675 1,870 1,835 1,855 1,770
South Dakota ....: 1,925 1,750 1,940 1,895 1,975 1,925
Texas ...........: 2,230 2,025 2,280 2,190 2,240 2,095
Utah ............: 1,945 1,770 1,960 1,930 2,030 1,980
:
Vermont .........: 1,855 1,665 1,860 1,820 1,890 1,805
Virginia ........: 1,780 1,640 1,865 1,800 1,845 1,720
Washington ......: 2,030 1,865 2,080 2,035 2,095 2,010
Wisconsin .......: 2,125 1,935 2,155 2,095 2,185 2,130
:
24-State total ..: 2,071 1,897 2,118 2,057 2,126 2,033
:
United States 1/ : 2,054 1,881 2,101 2,041 2,109 2,018
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : : : : : Annual
State : July : August :September : October : November : December :average 2/
:----------------------------------------------------------------------------
: pounds
:
:
Arizona .........: 1,910 1,850 1,835 1,960 1,960 2,090 24,348
California ......: 1,940 1,930 1,875 1,935 1,905 2,015 23,862
Colorado ........: 2,205 2,200 2,125 2,175 2,105 2,190 25,930
Florida .........: 1,680 1,605 1,510 1,580 1,615 1,705 21,093
Georgia .........: 1,765 1,740 1,665 1,765 1,750 1,820 21,730
Idaho ...........: 2,195 2,175 2,065 2,080 1,995 2,060 25,228
Illinois ........: 1,810 1,720 1,705 1,745 1,720 1,820 21,620
Indiana .........: 2,005 1,970 1,910 1,965 1,915 1,995 23,753
Iowa ............: 2,100 2,065 2,010 2,060 1,990 2,060 24,679
Kansas ..........: 1,985 1,970 1,955 2,015 1,945 1,990 23,857
:
Michigan ........: 2,360 2,330 2,225 2,285 2,195 2,285 27,523
Minnesota .......: 2,000 1,970 1,905 1,935 1,855 1,930 23,226
New Mexico ......: 1,995 2,005 1,960 2,000 1,950 2,045 24,587
New York ........: 2,190 2,185 2,070 2,125 2,040 2,110 25,492
Ohio ............: 1,900 1,890 1,795 1,845 1,800 1,870 22,364
Oregon ..........: 1,800 1,775 1,715 1,745 1,675 1,725 20,934
Pennsylvania ....: 1,755 1,755 1,670 1,710 1,680 1,765 21,157
South Dakota ....: 1,985 1,975 1,925 1,955 1,860 1,895 23,015
Texas ...........: 2,110 2,110 2,095 2,175 2,090 2,170 25,802
Utah ............: 2,000 1,980 1,910 1,940 1,875 1,925 23,178
:
Vermont .........: 1,840 1,845 1,750 1,805 1,735 1,800 21,675
Virginia ........: 1,740 1,730 1,650 1,700 1,670 1,750 20,882
Washington ......: 2,050 2,050 1,995 2,010 1,925 2,010 24,136
Wisconsin .......: 2,180 2,155 2,075 2,120 2,035 2,115 25,294
:
24-State total ..: 2,044 2,028 1,958 2,008 1,946 2,029 24,316
:
United States 1/ : 2,026 2,010 1,940 1,993 1,931 2,013 24,117
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ United States monthly estimates are derived by proportionally allocating the quarterly
estimates using the 24-state monthly totals.
2/ Average per cow for the year.
Milk Produced per Cow by Month - 24 Selected States, 24 State Total, and United States: 2024
[Excludes milk sucked by calves]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
State : January : February : March : April : May : June
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: pounds
:
Arizona .........: 2,125 2,070 2,280 2,180 2,185 2,015
California ......: 2,070 1,970 2,140 2,065 2,095 1,960
Colorado ........: 2,205 2,070 2,235 2,170 2,230 2,090
Florida .........: 1,835 1,750 1,925 1,875 1,780 1,715
Georgia .........: 1,925 1,850 2,025 1,965 1,945 1,860
Idaho ...........: 2,085 1,970 2,145 2,110 2,160 2,095
Illinois ........: 1,855 1,785 1,950 1,880 1,930 1,800
Indiana .........: 2,000 1,870 2,045 1,995 2,055 1,980
Iowa ............: 2,110 2,000 2,150 2,095 2,150 2,020
Kansas ..........: 2,020 1,935 2,095 1,980 2,065 1,945
:
Michigan ........: 2,320 2,200 2,370 2,310 2,375 2,280
Minnesota .......: 1,955 1,860 2,005 1,945 2,020 1,930
New Mexico ......: 2,130 2,030 2,200 2,120 2,170 2,020
New York ........: 2,115 2,010 2,185 2,140 2,230 2,130
Ohio ............: 1,885 1,785 1,930 1,880 1,930 1,865
Oregon ..........: 1,730 1,655 1,820 1,765 1,840 1,765
Pennsylvania ....: 1,795 1,710 1,860 1,805 1,825 1,725
South Dakota ....: 1,905 1,825 1,950 1,900 1,975 1,915
Texas ...........: 2,195 2,110 2,225 2,135 2,235 2,110
Utah ............: 1,950 1,820 1,960 1,935 2,030 1,975
:
Vermont .........: 1,820 1,725 1,860 1,800 1,885 1,800
Virginia ........: 1,800 1,710 1,860 1,825 1,820 1,715
Washington ......: 2,035 1,930 2,080 2,040 2,105 2,015
Wisconsin .......: 2,135 2,025 2,185 2,130 2,220 2,120
:
24-State total ..: 2,062 1,961 2,121 2,059 2,118 2,012
:
United States 1/ : 2,047 1,946 2,105 2,044 2,103 1,998
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : : : : : Annual
State : July : August :September : October : November : December :average 2/
:----------------------------------------------------------------------------
: pounds
:
:
Arizona .........: 1,905 1,860 1,850 1,960 1,955 2,095 24,438
California ......: 1,940 1,980 1,880 1,870 1,755 1,855 23,585
Colorado ........: 2,155 2,205 2,140 2,185 2,105 2,195 25,892
Florida .........: 1,695 1,590 1,520 1,570 1,615 1,745 20,505
Georgia .........: 1,845 1,850 1,800 1,930 1,890 2,010 22,953
Idaho ...........: 2,200 2,200 2,105 2,145 2,045 2,115 25,370
Illinois ........: 1,800 1,740 1,700 1,780 1,740 1,830 21,782
Indiana .........: 2,015 1,985 1,930 1,990 1,950 2,010 23,753
Iowa ............: 2,085 2,060 2,000 2,080 1,995 2,060 24,749
Kansas ..........: 2,000 2,005 1,960 2,005 1,940 1,995 23,876
:
Michigan ........: 2,360 2,320 2,250 2,330 2,235 2,315 27,680
Minnesota .......: 1,980 1,965 1,920 1,965 1,890 1,965 23,405
New Mexico ......: 2,055 2,010 1,970 2,055 1,960 2,060 24,717
New York ........: 2,180 2,160 2,080 2,130 2,065 2,135 25,559
Ohio ............: 1,920 1,910 1,820 1,880 1,830 1,910 22,506
Oregon ..........: 1,805 1,785 1,710 1,760 1,680 1,710 20,957
Pennsylvania ....: 1,735 1,725 1,675 1,725 1,690 1,765 21,037
South Dakota ....: 1,985 1,990 1,935 1,990 1,900 1,965 23,239
Texas ...........: 2,155 2,155 2,085 2,225 2,110 2,195 25,932
Utah ............: 2,010 1,980 1,910 1,935 1,870 1,935 23,297
:
Vermont .........: 1,820 1,825 1,750 1,840 1,770 1,840 21,746
Virginia ........: 1,730 1,720 1,645 1,705 1,690 1,780 20,851
Washington ......: 2,040 2,055 1,990 2,000 1,905 1,970 24,124
Wisconsin .......: 2,170 2,140 2,075 2,130 2,050 2,125 25,493
:
24-State total ..: 2,045 2,040 1,969 2,019 1,936 2,018 24,362
:
United States 1/ : 2,029 2,023 1,952 2,004 1,922 2,004 24,178
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ United States monthly estimates are derived by proportionally allocating the quarterly
estimates using the 24-state monthly totals.
2/ Average per cow for the year.
Milk Production by Month - 24 Selected States, 24 State Total, and United States: 2023
[Excludes milk sucked by calves]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
State : January : February : March : April : May : June
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: million pounds
:
Arizona .........: 410 388 440 428 434 406
California ......: 3,533 3,273 3,640 3,537 3,644 3,419
Colorado ........: 441 401 453 444 460 438
Florida .........: 180 171 191 181 186 176
Georgia .........: 173 159 176 168 168 159
Idaho ...........: 1,408 1,293 1,445 1,408 1,484 1,437
Illinois ........: 146 135 152 147 151 145
Indiana .........: 382 349 393 380 391 380
Iowa ............: 503 460 511 494 512 497
Kansas ..........: 357 329 372 360 368 342
:
Michigan ........: 1,020 929 1,035 1,007 1,046 1,012
Minnesota .......: 896 817 903 874 906 879
New Mexico ......: 608 547 624 602 605 550
New York ........: 1,345 1,229 1,367 1,342 1,405 1,358
Ohio ............: 473 436 490 473 490 473
Oregon ..........: 218 201 229 221 223 211
Pennsylvania ....: 848 781 871 855 864 825
South Dakota ....: 360 331 367 358 381 375
Texas ...........: 1,450 1,326 1,505 1,413 1,445 1,330
Utah ............: 177 159 176 174 185 180
:
Vermont .........: 219 196 219 215 223 211
Virginia ........: 121 112 125 121 124 117
Washington ......: 518 479 541 531 541 519
Wisconsin .......: 2,699 2,457 2,735 2,656 2,775 2,703
:
24-State total ..: 18,485 16,958 18,960 18,389 19,011 18,142
:
United States 1/ : 19,318 17,723 19,815 19,207 19,856 18,949
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : : : : : Annual
State : July : August :September : October : November : December : total 2/
:----------------------------------------------------------------------------
: million pounds
:
:
Arizona .........: 378 372 369 394 390 412 4,821
California ......: 3,325 3,306 3,210 3,311 3,258 3,444 40,900
Colorado ........: 441 436 421 431 415 431 5,212
Florida .........: 166 159 151 158 160 167 2,046
Georgia .........: 157 155 148 157 154 160 1,934
Idaho ...........: 1,462 1,449 1,373 1,379 1,323 1,366 16,827
Illinois ........: 143 136 135 138 136 144 1,708
Indiana .........: 381 374 365 375 364 379 4,513
Iowa ............: 508 496 482 492 476 492 5,923
Kansas ..........: 335 333 336 353 342 348 4,175
:
Michigan ........: 1,036 1,023 977 1,003 964 1,003 12,055
Minnesota .......: 902 887 859 873 833 869 10,498
New Mexico ......: 539 541 519 520 497 511 6,663
New York ........: 1,380 1,377 1,304 1,339 1,285 1,329 16,060
Ohio ............: 481 478 458 470 459 477 5,658
Oregon ..........: 216 213 206 208 201 207 2,554
Pennsylvania ....: 818 818 778 797 783 821 9,859
South Dakota ....: 391 389 381 387 376 392 4,488
Texas ...........: 1,340 1,340 1,330 1,381 1,327 1,378 16,565
Utah ............: 182 178 168 171 165 171 2,086
:
Vermont .........: 215 216 203 209 201 209 2,536
Virginia ........: 118 118 114 117 114 119 1,420
Washington ......: 527 527 513 517 495 519 6,227
Wisconsin .......: 2,766 2,735 2,635 2,692 2,584 2,686 32,123
:
24-State total ..: 18,207 18,056 17,435 17,872 17,302 18,034 216,851
:
United States 1/ : 18,977 18,817 18,171 18,633 18,042 18,803 226,311
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ United States monthly estimates are derived by proportionally allocating the quarterly
estimates using the 24-state monthly totals.
2/ Total milk production for the year.
Milk Production by Month - 24 Selected States, 24 State Total, and United States: 2024
[Excludes milk sucked by calves]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
State : January : February : March : April : May : June
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: million pounds
:
Arizona .........: 417 400 440 421 420 383
California ......: 3,538 3,367 3,657 3,529 3,578 3,346
Colorado ........: 437 416 454 441 453 422
Florida .........: 180 172 193 191 178 168
Georgia .........: 167 159 172 167 165 158
Idaho ...........: 1,382 1,310 1,433 1,412 1,439 1,397
Illinois ........: 147 141 154 149 151 140
Indiana .........: 380 355 389 377 388 374
Iowa ............: 506 484 520 509 522 489
Kansas ..........: 351 337 365 343 357 336
:
Michigan ........: 1,018 966 1,040 1,012 1,040 994
Minnesota .......: 878 833 894 867 901 857
New Mexico ......: 511 493 528 498 516 481
New York ........: 1,332 1,266 1,377 1,348 1,405 1,342
Ohio ............: 481 453 492 479 488 470
Oregon ..........: 199 192 211 208 217 208
Pennsylvania ....: 835 795 865 839 849 802
South Dakota ....: 400 383 413 403 419 408
Texas ...........: 1,394 1,361 1,431 1,366 1,442 1,372
Utah ............: 174 164 178 176 185 180
:
Vermont .........: 211 200 214 207 215 205
Virginia ........: 121 115 125 122 122 113
Washington ......: 523 498 541 532 547 524
Wisconsin .......: 2,711 2,572 2,775 2,709 2,824 2,692
:
24-State total ..: 18,293 17,432 18,861 18,305 18,821 17,861
:
United States 1/ : 19,083 18,185 19,675 19,082 19,624 18,627
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : : : : : Annual
State : July : August :September : October : November : December : total 2/
:----------------------------------------------------------------------------
: million pounds
:
:
Arizona .........: 362 357 355 372 369 396 4,692
California ......: 3,312 3,380 3,211 3,196 2,999 3,170 40,283
Colorado ........: 431 441 432 450 429 450 5,256
Florida .........: 166 156 149 154 155 168 2,030
Georgia .........: 157 157 153 164 161 171 1,951
Idaho ...........: 1,467 1,478 1,415 1,450 1,391 1,449 17,023
Illinois ........: 140 134 131 137 134 141 1,699
Indiana .........: 381 375 365 376 371 382 4,513
Iowa ............: 502 496 486 508 487 505 6,014
Kansas ..........: 354 357 355 363 349 359 4,226
:
Michigan ........: 1,029 1,014 986 1,023 983 1,019 12,124
Minnesota .......: 875 869 849 869 835 865 10,392
New Mexico ......: 491 480 473 497 470 494 5,932
New York ........: 1,373 1,361 1,310 1,342 1,301 1,345 16,102
Ohio ............: 484 481 457 472 459 478 5,694
Oregon ..........: 211 211 202 208 195 190 2,452
Pennsylvania ....: 807 802 779 802 786 821 9,782
South Dakota ....: 423 426 416 428 409 422 4,950
Texas ...........: 1,422 1,444 1,397 1,502 1,424 1,482 17,037
Utah ............: 185 182 174 176 170 176 2,120
:
Vermont .........: 207 206 198 208 200 208 2,479
Virginia ........: 114 114 109 113 112 117 1,397
Washington ......: 530 534 515 518 486 500 6,248
Wisconsin .......: 2,752 2,709 2,627 2,697 2,595 2,688 32,351
:
24-State total ..: 18,175 18,164 17,544 18,025 17,270 17,996 216,747
:
United States 1/ : 18,918 18,906 18,261 18,775 17,988 18,744 225,868
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ United States monthly estimates are derived by proportionally allocating the quarterly
estimates using the 24-state monthly totals.
2/ Total milk production for the year.
Milk Cows and Production by Quarter - States and United States: 2023
[May not add due to rounding]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Milk cows 1/ : Milk production 2/
State :-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Jan-Mar : Apr-Jun : Jul-Sep : Oct-Dec : Jan-Mar : Apr-Jun : Jul-Sep : Oct-Dec
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ---------------- 1,000 head --------------- -------------- million pounds --------------
:
Alabama ........: 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 9.0 7.5 5.0 5.5
Alaska .........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)
Arizona ........: 194.0 198.0 200.0 199.0 1,238.0 1,268.0 1,119.0 1,196.0
Arkansas .......: 3.0 2.9 2.5 2.3 10.0 9.5 7.0 6.5
California .....: 1,718.0 1,715.0 1,713.0 1,710.0 10,446.0 10,600.0 9,841.0 10,013.0
Colorado .......: 201.0 205.0 199.0 197.0 1,295.0 1,342.0 1,298.0 1,277.0
Connecticut ....: 18.5 18.0 17.5 17.5 109.0 109.0 105.0 104.0
Delaware .......: 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 12.8 12.7 11.2 11.4
Florida ........: 95.0 96.0 99.0 99.0 542.0 543.0 476.0 485.0
Georgia ........: 90.0 89.0 89.0 88.0 508.0 495.0 460.0 471.0
:
Hawaii .........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)
Idaho ..........: 667.0 670.0 666.0 663.0 4,146.0 4,329.0 4,284.0 4,068.0
Illinois .......: 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 433.0 443.0 414.0 418.0
Indiana ........: 189.0 189.0 190.0 190.0 1,124.0 1,151.0 1,120.0 1,118.0
Iowa ...........: 240.0 240.0 241.0 239.0 1,474.0 1,503.0 1,486.0 1,460.0
Kansas .........: 178.0 178.0 170.0 175.0 1,058.0 1,070.0 1,004.0 1,043.0
Kentucky .......: 46.0 45.0 44.0 43.0 245.0 244.0 215.0 211.0
Louisiana ......: 8.0 8.0 7.0 7.0 30.0 29.0 20.0 22.0
Maine ..........: 25.0 25.0 25.0 24.0 135.0 142.0 136.0 129.0
Maryland .......: 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 213.0 216.0 207.0 210.0
:
Massachusetts ..: 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 45.0 47.0 45.0 43.0
Michigan .......: 435.0 437.0 439.0 439.0 2,984.0 3,065.0 3,036.0 2,970.0
Minnesota ......: 455.0 453.0 451.0 450.0 2,616.0 2,659.0 2,648.0 2,575.0
Mississippi ....: 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.5 23.0 20.0 15.0 16.0
Missouri .......: 64.0 63.0 60.0 60.0 223.0 240.0 203.0 201.0
Montana ........: 9.5 9.5 9.0 9.0 53.0 55.0 52.0 50.0
Nebraska .......: 55.0 55.0 54.0 53.0 340.0 345.0 329.0 326.0
Nevada .........: 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 184.0 198.0 191.0 188.0
New Hampshire ..: 10.0 9.5 9.5 9.5 53.0 53.0 51.0 50.0
New Jersey .....: 4.1 4.0 3.9 4.0 22.0 22.0 21.0 21.0
:
New Mexico .....: 281.0 279.0 268.0 255.0 1,779.0 1,757.0 1,599.0 1,528.0
New York .......: 630.0 630.0 630.0 630.0 3,941.0 4,105.0 4,061.0 3,953.0
North Carolina .: 39.0 38.0 38.0 38.0 235.0 229.0 213.0 217.0
North Dakota ...: 13.0 12.0 11.0 10.5 73.0 71.0 66.0 60.0
Ohio ...........: 252.0 252.0 254.0 255.0 1,399.0 1,436.0 1,417.0 1,406.0
Oklahoma .......: 41.0 39.0 37.0 37.0 195.0 179.0 149.0 167.0
Oregon .........: 125.0 122.0 120.0 120.0 648.0 655.0 635.0 616.0
Pennsylvania ...: 466.0 466.0 466.0 466.0 2,500.0 2,544.0 2,414.0 2,401.0
Rhode Island ...: 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.3
South Carolina .: 8.5 8.5 8.0 8.0 41.0 40.0 32.0 35.0
:
South Dakota ...: 188.0 192.0 197.0 202.0 1,058.0 1,114.0 1,161.0 1,155.0
Tennessee ......: 26.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 123.0 119.0 111.0 114.0
Texas ..........: 655.0 642.0 635.0 635.0 4,281.0 4,188.0 4,010.0 4,086.0
Utah ...........: 90.0 91.0 90.0 88.0 512.0 539.0 528.0 507.0
Vermont ........: 118.0 118.0 117.0 116.0 634.0 649.0 634.0 619.0
Virginia .......: 68.0 67.0 68.0 68.0 358.0 362.0 350.0 350.0
Washington .....: 257.0 259.0 257.0 257.0 1,538.0 1,591.0 1,567.0 1,531.0
West Virginia ..: 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 17.0 17.0 16.5 16.5
Wisconsin ......: 1,270.0 1,269.0 1,269.0 1,270.0 7,891.0 8,134.0 8,136.0 7,962.0
Wyoming ........: 9.0 9.5 9.5 9.0 58.6 60.8 62.5 62.0
:
Other States 3/ : 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.7
:
United States ..: 9,419.0 9,406.0 9,365.0 9,344.0 56,856.0 58,012.0 55,965.0 55,478.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
1/ Quarterly average includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh.
2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves.
3/ Other States includes Alaska and Hawaii.
Milk Cows and Production by Quarter - States and United States: 2024
[May not add due to rounding]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Milk cows 1/ : Milk production 2/
State :-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Jan-Mar : Apr-Jun : Jul-Sep : Oct-Dec : Jan-Mar : Apr-Jun : Jul-Sep : Oct-Dec
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ---------------- 1,000 head --------------- -------------- million pounds --------------
:
Alabama .......: 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 8.0 7.5 5.5 6.0
Alaska ........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)
Arizona .......: 194.0 192.0 191.0 189.0 1,257.0 1,224.0 1,074.0 1,137.0
Arkansas ......: 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 7.5 7.0 6.0 5.5
California ....: 1,709.0 1,708.0 1,707.0 1,709.0 10,562.0 10,453.0 9,903.0 9,365.0
Colorado ......: 201.0 203.0 201.0 205.0 1,307.0 1,316.0 1,304.0 1,329.0
Connecticut ...: 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 107.0 108.0 105.0 104.0
Delaware ......: 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 12.9 12.3 10.8 11.2
Florida .......: 99.0 100.0 98.0 97.0 545.0 537.0 471.0 477.0
Georgia .......: 86.0 85.0 85.0 85.0 498.0 490.0 467.0 496.0
:
Hawaii ........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)
Idaho .........: 665.0 667.0 670.0 680.0 4,125.0 4,248.0 4,360.0 4,290.0
Illinois ......: 79.0 78.0 77.0 77.0 442.0 440.0 405.0 412.0
Indiana .......: 190.0 189.0 189.0 190.0 1,124.0 1,139.0 1,121.0 1,129.0
Iowa ..........: 241.0 243.0 242.0 244.0 1,510.0 1,520.0 1,484.0 1,500.0
Kansas ........: 174.0 173.0 179.0 180.0 1,053.0 1,036.0 1,066.0 1,071.0
Kentucky ......: 43.0 43.0 41.0 41.0 223.0 225.0 198.0 200.0
Louisiana .....: 8.0 7.5 6.5 7.0 29.0 25.0 18.0 21.0
Maine .........: 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 134.0 141.0 136.0 133.0
Maryland ......: 40.0 38.0 38.0 38.0 222.0 199.0 197.0 201.0
:
Massachusetts .: 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 44.0 47.0 45.0 44.0
Michigan ......: 439.0 437.0 437.0 440.0 3,024.0 3,046.0 3,029.0 3,025.0
Minnesota .....: 448.0 445.0 442.0 441.0 2,605.0 2,625.0 2,593.0 2,569.0
Mississippi ...: 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.0 19.0 18.0 13.5 14.5
Missouri ......: 59.0 58.0 56.0 56.0 209.0 218.0 186.0 185.0
Montana .......: 9.0 8.5 8.5 8.5 51.0 50.0 49.0 48.0
Nebraska ......: 51.0 50.0 50.0 49.0 315.0 314.0 309.0 309.0
Nevada ........: 32.0 31.0 31.0 31.0 190.0 195.0 196.0 197.0
New Hampshire .: 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 52.0 52.0 50.0 50.0
New Jersey ....: 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.8 22.0 22.0 20.0 20.0
:
New Mexico ....: 241.0 237.0 239.0 241.0 1,532.0 1,495.0 1,444.0 1,461.0
New York ......: 630.0 630.0 630.0 630.0 3,975.0 4,095.0 4,044.0 3,988.0
North Carolina : 38.0 38.0 37.0 37.0 228.0 225.0 201.0 203.0
North Dakota ..: 10.0 9.5 9.5 9.5 58.0 57.0 57.0 56.0
Ohio ..........: 255.0 253.0 252.0 251.0 1,426.0 1,437.0 1,422.0 1,409.0
Oklahoma ......: 39.0 40.0 41.0 40.0 188.0 190.0 176.0 184.0
Oregon ........: 116.0 118.0 118.0 115.0 602.0 633.0 624.0 593.0
Pennsylvania ..: 465.0 465.0 465.0 465.0 2,495.0 2,490.0 2,388.0 2,409.0
Rhode Island ..: 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.1
South Carolina : 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 39.0 39.0 32.0 35.0
:
South Dakota ..: 211.0 212.0 214.0 215.0 1,196.0 1,230.0 1,265.0 1,259.0
Tennessee .....: 25.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 118.0 115.0 109.0 107.0
Texas .........: 641.0 645.0 667.0 675.0 4,186.0 4,180.0 4,263.0 4,408.0
Utah ..........: 90.0 91.0 92.0 91.0 516.0 541.0 541.0 522.0
Vermont .......: 116.0 114.0 113.0 113.0 625.0 627.0 611.0 616.0
Virginia ......: 67.0 67.0 66.0 66.0 361.0 357.0 337.0 342.0
Washington ....: 258.0 260.0 260.0 256.0 1,562.0 1,603.0 1,579.0 1,504.0
West Virginia .: 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 15.0 15.0 14.5 14.5
Wisconsin .....: 1,270.0 1,271.0 1,267.0 1,266.0 8,058.0 8,225.0 8,088.0 7,980.0
Wyoming .......: 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 62.0 59.4 63.9 62.9
:
Other States3/ : 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.7 2.1 2.1 2.0
:
United States .: 9,338.0 9,330.0 9,341.0 9,360.0 56,943.0 57,333.0 56,085.0 55,507.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
1/ Quarterly average includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh.
2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves.
3/ Other States includes Alaska and Hawaii.
Licensed Dairy Herds - States and United States:
2023 and 2024
--------------------------------------------------
: Licensed dairy herds 1/
State :-----------------------------
: 2023 : 2024
--------------------------------------------------
: number
:
Alabama ............: 10 10
Arizona ............: 75 70
Arkansas ...........: 25 20
California .........: 1,050 995
Colorado ...........: 110 95
Connecticut ........: 85 85
Delaware ...........: 15 15
Florida ............: 55 45
Georgia ............: 85 80
Idaho ..............: 390 350
:
Illinois ...........: 435 415
Indiana ............: 700 685
Iowa ...............: 750 705
Kansas .............: 190 160
Kentucky ...........: 360 340
Louisiana ..........: 60 55
Maine ..............: 150 140
Maryland ...........: 300 290
Massachusetts ......: 100 100
Michigan ...........: 850 845
:
Minnesota ..........: 1,855 1,690
Mississippi ........: 40 30
Missouri ...........: 470 390
Montana ............: 40 35
Nebraska ...........: 90 80
Nevada .............: 20 20
New Hampshire ......: 90 80
New Jersey .........: 40 40
New Mexico .........: 100 95
New York ...........: 3,030 2,880
:
North Carolina .....: 120 105
North Dakota .......: 35 25
Ohio ...............: 1,465 1,395
Oklahoma ...........: 75 65
Oregon .............: 150 140
Pennsylvania .......: 4,940 4,850
South Carolina .....: 25 30
South Dakota .......: 145 135
Tennessee ..........: 130 120
Texas ..............: 310 290
:
Utah ...............: 140 130
Vermont ............: 500 490
Virginia ...........: 365 355
Washington .........: 310 280
West Virginia ......: 30 25
Wisconsin ..........: 5,920 5,520
:
Other States 2/ ....: 17 15
:
United States ......: 26,245 24,811
--------------------------------------------------
1/ Average number of dairy farms licensed to sell
milk, based on counts collected from State and
other regulatory agencies.
2/ Other States includes states not published.
Statistical Methodology
Survey Procedures: Primary data used to determine these estimates were
obtained from a sample of producers. Individual States maintain a list of all
known milk producers and information on the size of their herd. States use
all known sources of producers to ensure that their lists are as complete as
possible. Generally, all large producers and a sample of small producers are
included in the survey. Questionnaires are mailed to producers near the end
of the month to obtain data for the first day of the month. Additional
reports are obtained by telephone, as needed, to supplement the mail
response. Where feasible, States utilize state and federal administrative
data to estimate milk production. This eliminates duplication of data
gathering by different government agencies such as Agricultural Marketing
Service (AMS) Dairy Market News. Indications of milk cow inventory are also
obtained in the January Cattle Survey.
Estimation Procedures: Regional Field Offices prepare these estimates by
using a combination of survey indications, historic trends, and any available
administrative data. Individual State estimates are reviewed by the
Agricultural Statistics Board for reasonableness.
Revision Policy: Milk production, milk per cow, and number of milk cows are
subject to revision the following month after initial publication for monthly
States or the following quarter for the quarterly States. Normally,
administrative data from Federal Market Orders, State Departments of
Agriculture, or other sources are the main basis for revisions. However,
administrative data for all States may not be available in time for these
revisions. Estimates are again subject to revisions in February each year
based on additional administrative data. In the event that additional changes
are necessary, a third revision is possible in February the following year.
Estimates are again reviewed after data from the five-year Census of
Agriculture are available. No revisions are made after that date.
Reliability: Since all operations with dairy animals are not included in the
sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. Survey results
are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplications, and
mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of
these errors cannot be measured directly. They are minimized through rigid
quality controls in the data collection process and through a careful review
of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness.
To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the estimates in this
report, the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items in the table
below. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past
performance and is computed using the differences between first and final
estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for the 24 State milk production
estimates over the past 24 months is 0.3 percent. This means that chances are
2 out of 3 that the final estimate will not be above or below the current
estimate of 18.3 billion pounds by more than 0.3 percent. Chances are 9 out
of 10 that the difference will not exceed 0.6 percent.
Reliability of Monthly Milk Production Estimates
[Based on data for the past 24 months]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Root mean : 90 percent : Difference between first and latest estimate
: square error : confidence : : : : :
: : level :-------------------------------------------------------------
Item : : : : : : Months
: : : : : :-------------------------------
: : : Average :Smallest : Largest : Below latest : Above latest
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: percent percent -------- 1,000 -------- ----- number -----
:
:
Milk production ..............: 0.3 0.6 48 0 139 12 11
:
All Milk cows ................: 0.1 0.2 8 0 25 9 14
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Information Contacts
Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock
Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to
contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be
sent to nass@usda.gov.
Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch ...... (202) 692-0069
Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section ........ (202) 690-2424
Sherry Bertramsen - Livestock Slaughter ... (202) 690-8632
Ryan Cowen - Cattle, Cattle on Feed ....... (202) 720-3040
Kim DaPra - Milk Production and Milk Cows.. (202) 720-3278
Donnie Fike - Dairy Products .............. (202) 690-3347
Ralph Mondesir - Hogs and Pigs ............ (202) 720-3106
Suzanne Richards - Sheep and Goats ........ (202) 720-4448
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