Cattle on Feed ISSN: 1948-9080 Released July 25, 2025, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). United States Cattle on Feed Down 2 Percent Cattle and calves on feed for the slaughter market in the United States for feedlots with capacity of 1,000 or more head totaled 11.1 million head on July 1, 2025. The inventory was 2 percent below July 1, 2024. The inventory included 6.88 million steers and steer calves, up 1 percent from the previous year. This group accounted for 62 percent of the total inventory. Heifers and heifer calves accounted for 4.24 million head, down 5 percent from 2024. Placements in feedlots during June totaled 1.44 million head, 8 percent below 2024. Net placements were 1.39 million head. During June, placements of cattle and calves weighing less than 600 pounds were 320,000 head, 600-699 pounds were 235,000 head, 700-799 pounds were 315,000 head, 800-899 pounds were 326,000 head, 900-999 pounds were 165,000 head, and 1,000 pounds and greater were 80,000 head. Marketings of fed cattle during June totaled 1.71 million head, 4 percent below 2024. Marketings were the lowest for June since the series began in 1996. Other disappearance totaled 53,000 head during June, 7 percent below 2024. Cattle on Feed Inventory, Placements, Marketings, and Other Disappearance on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots - United States: July 1, 2024 and 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of Item : 2024 : 2025 :previous year ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- 1,000 head ---- percent : On feed June 1 .........................: 11,583 11,443 99 Placed on feed during June .............: 1,564 1,441 92 Fed cattle marketed during June ........: 1,786 1,707 96 Other disappearance during June ........: 57 53 93 On feed July 1 .........................: 11,304 11,124 98 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cattle on Feed Inventory, Placements, Marketings, and Other Disappearance on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots - United States: June 1, 2024 and 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of Item : 2024 : 2025 :previous year ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- 1,000 head ---- percent : On feed May 1 ..........................: 11,554 11,376 98 Placed on feed during May ..............: 2,046 1,887 92 Fed cattle marketed during May .........: 1,955 1,758 90 Other disappearance during May .........: 62 62 100 On feed June 1 .........................: 11,583 11,443 99 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cattle on Feed by Class on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots - United States: July 1, 2024 and 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Percent of Item : : :----------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 :previous year : inventory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- 1,000 head --- percent percent : Class on feed July 1 ...................: Steers and steer calves ..............: 6,824 6,884 101 62 Heifers and heifer calves ............: 4,480 4,240 95 38 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cattle on Feed Inventory on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots by Month - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : July 1, 2025 : : :-------------------------------------------- State : July 1, 2024 : June 1, 2025 : : Percent of : Percent of : : : Inventory :previous year :previous month --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------------- 1,000 head -------------- ----- percent ----- : Arizona ..........: 249 233 229 92 98 California .......: 530 490 485 92 99 Colorado .........: 970 920 900 93 98 Idaho ............: 330 330 330 100 100 Iowa .............: 650 680 690 106 101 Kansas ...........: 2,220 2,350 2,270 102 97 Minnesota ........: 105 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Nebraska .........: 2,390 2,560 2,440 102 95 Oklahoma .........: 325 335 320 98 96 South Dakota .....: 205 220 205 100 93 Texas ............: 2,790 2,630 2,570 92 98 Washington .......: 240 260 255 106 98 : Other States .....: 300 435 430 143 99 : United States ....: 11,304 11,443 11,124 98 97 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. Cattle Placed on Feed on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots by Month - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : During June 2025 : During : During :-------------------------------------------- State : June 2024 : May 2025 : : Percent of : Percent of : : : Placements :previous year :previous month --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------ 1,000 head ----------- ----- percent ----- : Arizona ..........: 19 22 17 89 77 California .......: 65 62 55 85 89 Colorado .........: 145 120 110 76 92 Idaho ............: 34 42 34 100 81 Iowa .............: 47 74 57 121 77 Kansas ...........: 315 470 360 114 77 Minnesota ........: 10 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Nebraska .........: 415 495 360 87 73 Oklahoma .........: 49 58 36 73 62 South Dakota .....: 24 24 23 96 96 Texas ............: 365 420 300 82 71 Washington .......: 39 42 33 85 79 : Other States .....: 37 58 56 151 97 : United States ....: 1,564 1,887 1,441 92 76 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. Cattle Placed on Feed by Weight Group on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots and Month - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : During June 2024 :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State :Under 600 lbs : 600-699 lbs : 700-799 lbs : 800-899 lbs : 900+ lbs 1/ : 900-999 lbs : 1,000+ lbs : Total --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head : Colorado ......: 30 25 35 35 20 (D) (D) 145 Kansas ........: 50 60 90 75 40 (D) (D) 315 Nebraska ......: 40 50 95 120 110 (D) (D) 415 Texas .........: 150 75 75 45 20 (D) (D) 365 : Other States ..: 90 45 55 79 55 (D) (D) 324 : United States .: 360 255 350 354 (X) 165 80 1,564 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : During May 2025 :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State :Under 600 lbs : 600-699 lbs : 700-799 lbs : 800-899 lbs : 900+ lbs 1/ : 900-999 lbs : 1,000+ lbs : Total --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head : Colorado ......: 20 20 30 30 20 (D) (D) 120 Kansas ........: 55 75 140 130 70 (D) (D) 470 Nebraska ......: 40 50 105 165 135 (D) (D) 495 Texas .........: 120 75 105 90 30 (D) (D) 420 : Other States ..: 100 55 70 102 55 (D) (D) 382 : United States .: 335 275 450 517 (X) 230 80 1,887 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : During June 2025 :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State :Under 600 lbs : 600-699 lbs : 700-799 lbs : 800-899 lbs : 900+ lbs 1/ : 900-999 lbs : 1,000+ lbs : Total --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head : Colorado ......: 20 20 25 25 20 (D) (D) 110 Kansas ........: 55 65 100 90 50 (D) (D) 360 Nebraska ......: 35 45 80 100 100 (D) (D) 360 Texas .........: 120 65 60 35 20 (D) (D) 300 : Other States ..: 90 40 50 76 55 (D) (D) 311 : United States .: 320 235 315 326 (X) 165 80 1,441 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (X) Not applicable. 1/ The 900 pounds and greater weight group is the sum of 900-999 pounds and 1,000 pounds and greater weight groups. Cattle Marketed on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots by Month - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : During June 2025 : During : During :-------------------------------------------- State : June 2024 : May 2025 : : Percent of : Percent of : : : Marketings :previous year :previous month --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------ 1,000 head ----------- ----- percent ----- : Arizona ..........: 22 19 20 91 105 California .......: 54 51 54 100 106 Colorado .........: 130 150 125 96 83 Idaho ............: 38 46 31 82 67 Iowa .............: 56 72 46 82 64 Kansas ...........: 405 400 430 106 108 Minnesota ........: 9 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Nebraska .........: 495 470 470 95 100 Oklahoma .........: 53 47 50 94 106 South Dakota .....: 36 37 36 100 97 Texas ............: 400 370 350 88 95 Washington .......: 43 36 37 86 103 : Other States .....: 45 60 58 129 97 : United States ....: 1,786 1,758 1,707 96 97 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. Cattle Other Disappearance on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots by Month - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : During June 2025 : During : During :-------------------------------------------- State : June 2024 : May 2025 : Other : Percent of : Percent of : : :disappearance :previous year :previous month --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- 1,000 head ---------- ----- percent ----- : Arizona ..........: 1 1 1 100 100 California .......: 6 6 6 100 100 Colorado .........: 5 10 5 100 50 Idaho ............: 1 1 3 300 300 Iowa .............: 1 2 1 100 50 Kansas ...........: 10 10 10 100 100 Minnesota ........: 1 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Nebraska .........: 10 15 10 100 67 Oklahoma .........: 1 1 1 100 100 South Dakota .....: 3 2 2 67 100 Texas ............: 15 10 10 67 100 Washington .......: 1 1 1 100 100 : Other States .....: 2 3 3 150 100 : United States ....: 57 62 53 93 85 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. Cattle on Feed by Class on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots by Quarter - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Steers and steer calves : Heifers and heifer calves :----------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Jul 1, : Apr 1, : Jul 1, : Jul 1, : Apr 1, : Jul 1, : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 Head : Arizona ............: 239 213 219 10 15 10 California .........: 435 410 400 95 90 85 Colorado ...........: 500 535 460 470 465 440 Idaho ..............: 180 180 180 150 160 150 Iowa ...............: 510 530 550 140 150 140 Kansas .............: 1,220 1,350 1,320 1,000 990 950 Minnesota ..........: 90 (NA) (NA) 15 (NA) (NA) Nebraska ...........: 1,510 1,710 1,600 880 890 840 Oklahoma ...........: 180 195 180 145 140 140 South Dakota .......: 125 150 125 80 90 80 Texas ..............: 1,510 1,530 1,405 1,280 1,140 1,165 Washington .........: 130 140 140 110 120 115 : Other States .......: 195 315 305 105 130 125 : United States ......: 6,824 7,258 6,884 4,480 4,380 4,240 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. Terms and Definitions of Cattle on Feed Estimates Cattle on feed are steers and heifers being fed a ration of grain, silage, hay and/or protein supplement for slaughter market that are expected to produce a carcass that will grade select or better. It excludes cattle being "backgrounded only" for later sale as feeders or later placement in another feedlot. Placements are steers and heifers put into a feedlot, fed a ration which will produce a carcass that will grade select or better, and are intended for the slaughter market. Marketings are steers and heifers shipped out of feedlots to a slaughter market. Other disappearance includes death loss, movement from feedlots to pasture, and shipments to other feedlots for further feeding. Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: During January and July all known feedlots in the United States with capacity of 1,000 or more head are surveyed to provide data for cattle on feed estimates. During the other months, all known feedlots from 16 States are surveyed. The 16 States account for approximately 98 percent of the cattle on feed in feedlots with capacity of 1,000 or more head. Individual State estimates are published monthly for 11 of the 16 States. In 2025, data collected from the remaining 5 States are used to establish the "Other States" estimates. These 5 States include Illinois, New Mexico, Oregon, Wyoming and in 2025, Minnesota was added. The "Other States" category represents all cattle on feed with a capacity of 1,000 or more head for the rest of the United States. Estimating Procedures: These cattle on feed estimates were prepared by the Agricultural Statistics Board after reviewing recommendations and analysis submitted by Regional Field Offices. Regional and State survey data were reviewed for reasonableness with each other and with estimates from the previous month when establishing the current estimates. Revision Policy: Revisions to previous estimates are made to improve month to month relationships. Estimates for the previous month are subject to revision in all States each month when current estimates are made. In February, all monthly estimates for the previous year, and the number of feedlots and annual marketings from two years ago are reviewed and subject to revisions. The reviews are primarily based on slaughter data, state check-off or brand data, and any other data that may have been received after the original estimate was made. Estimates will also be reviewed after data from the Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date and estimates become final. Reliability: Since all 1,000+ capacity cattle on feed operators in every State are not included in the monthly survey, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplications, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these errors cannot be measured directly. They are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. To assist users in evaluating the reliability of estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items in the table on the following page. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance and is computed using the differences between first and latest estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for cattle on feed inventory estimates over the past 24 months is 0.1 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the final estimate will not be above or below the current estimate of 11.1 million head by more than 0.1 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 that the difference will not exceed 0.2 percent. The table on the following page shows a 24-month record of the range of differences between first and latest estimates for selected items. Using estimates of number on feed as an example, changes between the first estimate and the latest estimate during the past 24 months have averaged 8,000 head, ranging from 0 to 39,000 head. During this period the initial estimate has been above the latest estimate 1 time and has been below the latest estimate 8 times. This does not imply that the initial estimate is likely to understate or overstate final inventory. Reliability of Monthly Cattle on Feed Estimates [Based on data for the past 24 months] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Root mean : 90 percent : Difference between first and latest estimate : square error : confidence : : : : : : : level :------------------------------------------------------------- Item : : : : : : Months : : : : : :------------------------------- : : : Average :Smallest : Largest : Below latest : Above latest -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent ------- 1,000 ------- ----- number ---- : On feed ......................: 0.1 0.2 8 0 39 8 1 : Placements ...................: 0.3 0.5 3 0 20 6 6 : Marketings ...................: 0.1 0.2 1 0 5 6 3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov. Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch................................................ (202) 692-0069 Sherry Bertramsen - Livestock Slaughter............................................. (202) 690-8632 Tiffany Byrne - Dairy Products...................................................... (651) 440-7789 Ryan Cowen - Cattle, Cattle on Feed................................................. (202) 720-3040 Kim DaPra - Milk Production......................................................... (202) 720-3278 Fatema Haque - Poultry Slaughter, Turkey Hatchery, Turkeys Raised................... (202) 720-3244 Derron Martin - Catfish, Census of Aquaculture, Egg Products, Mink, Trout........... (202) 690-3237 Ralph Mondesir - Hogs and Pigs...................................................... (202) 720-3106 Suzanne Richards - Cost of Pollination, Honey, Honey Bee Colonies, Sheep and Goats.. (202) 720-4448 Shulonda Shaw - Capacity of Refrigerated Warehouses, Cold Storage................... (202) 720-3240 Autumn Stone - Layers, Eggs......................................................... (202) 690-3676 Takiyah Walker - Broiler Hatchery, Chicken Hatchery................................. (202) 720-6147 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. The national specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Cornell's Mann Library website houses NASS's and other agency's archived reports at https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from https://usda.library.cornell.edu. 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