Pou 3-2 (1-99) Turkeys National Agricultural Statistics Service USDA Washington, D.C. Released January 15, 1999, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture. For information on "Turkeys" call John Lange at (202) 720-0585, office hours 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET. Turkeys Raised in 1998 Down 6 Percent Turkeys raised in the United States during 1998 totaled 284 million birds, down 6 percent from the 301 million turkeys raised during 1997. North Carolina ranked first in the number raised with 50.0 million, followed by Minnesota with 44.5 million, Arkansas with 28.0 million, Virginia with 26.0 million, Missouri with 22.0 million, California with 19.0 million, and Indiana with 13.5 million. These States accounted for 72 percent of the turkeys produced in the United States during 1998. Turkey Growers Plan to Raise 2 Percent Fewer Birds in 1999 Turkey growers in 20 States which produced 94% of the turkeys raised in 1998 intend to raise 2 percent fewer birds in 1999 than they did in 1998. Intentions for the top seven producing States compared with 1998 are as follows: North Carolina and Minnesota both down 4 percent, Arkansas, Virginia, and Missouri unchanged, California up 2 percent, and Indiana unchanged. The number of turkeys actually raised in 1999 may vary from growers' intentions shown in this report depending on feed costs, supply of hatching eggs, cost of poults, and prices growers receive for turkeys during the next few months. Turkeys: Number Raised in 1997 and 1998 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number : 1998 State :-------------------------------------------------: as % of : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- 1,000 Head ---------- Percent : AR : 30,000 28,000 93 CA : 21,000 19,000 90 CO 2/ : 3,900 CT : 5 5 100 GA 2/ : 175 IL : 3,500 3,200 91 IN : 14,500 13,500 93 IA 2/ : 7,000 KS 2/ : 1,900 MD & DE : 740 600 81 MA : 82 80 98 MN : 45,500 44,500 98 MO : 21,000 22,000 105 NH : 15 14 93 NJ : 74 71 96 NY : 510 500 98 NC : 53,500 50,000 93 ND : 2,600 1,800 69 OH : 6,700 5,500 82 PA : 11,600 10,500 91 SC : 11,200 10,600 95 SD : 3,600 3,800 106 VT : 39 41 105 VA : 26,000 26,000 100 WV : 4,500 4,300 96 : Oth Sts 2/ : 31,611 39,492 : US : 301,251 283,503 94 : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Revised. 2/ Estimates for CO, GA, IA, and KS not published for 1998 to avoid disclosure of individual operations, but are included in Other States for 1998. Estimates for MI, NE, OK, OR, TX, UT, and WI are included in Other States for 1997 and 1998 to avoid disclosure of individual operations. Turkeys: Death Loss by Geographic Region and United States, 1996-98 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Young Turkeys Lost as a Percent of Geographic : Total Poults Placed Region :----------------------------------------------------- : 1996 : 1997 : 1998 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent : East North Central : 10.3 10.5 10.8 West North Central : 10.5 10.8 11.0 North & South Atlantic : 10.2 11.2 10.2 South Central : 11.1 10.5 11.9 West : 9.5 10.2 10.7 : US : 10.3 10.8 10.8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Regional Listing: North Atlantic: CT, ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, VT. East North Central: IL, IN, MI, OH, WI. West North Central: IA, KS, MN, MO, NE, ND, SD. South Atlantic: DE, FL, GA, MD, NC, SC, VA, WV. South Central: AL, AR, KY, LA, MS, OK, TN, TX. West: AZ, CA, CO, ID, MT, NM, NV, OR, UT, WA, WY. Turkeys: Number Raised in 1998 and Intentions for 1999, Selected States and 20 State Total -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number : 1999 State :-------------------------------------------------: as % of : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- 1,000 Head ---------- Percent : AR : 28,000 28,000 100 CA : 19,000 19,400 102 IN : 13,500 13,500 100 MN : 44,500 42,500 96 MO : 22,000 22,000 100 NC : 50,000 48,000 96 ND : 1,800 1,700 94 OH : 5,500 5,200 95 PA : 10,500 10,000 95 SC : 10,600 8,200 77 SD : 3,800 3,800 100 VA : 26,000 26,000 100 : Oth Sts 1/ : 30,192 30,511 101 : 20 State Total: 265,392 258,811 98 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ CO, GA, IA, OK, OR, TX, UT, and WI combined to avoid disclosing individual operations. Turkey Hatchery Production: Monthly Poult Placements, United States, 1996-98 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Total All : Percent : Cumulative : Percent : Breeds : of : Total : of Month :--------------------: Previous :---------------------: Previous : 1996-97 : 1997-98 : Year : 1996-97 : 1997-98 : Year -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- 1,000 ----- Percent ------ 1,000 ----- Percent : Sep : 24,154 23,907 99 24,154 23,907 99 Oct : 25,354 24,587 97 49,508 48,494 98 Nov : 23,830 23,281 98 73,338 71,775 98 Dec : 27,119 25,711 95 100,457 97,486 97 Jan : 27,121 26,240 97 127,578 123,726 97 Feb : 27,145 25,093 92 154,723 148,819 96 Mar : 27,610 26,362 95 182,333 175,181 96 Apr : 28,220 25,747 91 210,553 200,928 95 May : 29,111 25,677 88 239,664 226,605 95 Jun : 28,381 26,957 95 268,045 253,562 95 Jul : 30,092 26,247 87 298,137 279,809 94 Aug : 26,321 24,450 93 324,458 304,259 94 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes exported poults. Turkeys Raised Estimates Survey Procedures: Survey data for the turkeys raised estimate are collected from a list of contractors and independent growers during December. States use all known sources of producer names to ensure that the list is as complete as possible. Turkey producers are then contacted either by mail, telephone, or in person. Diligent effort is made to ensure that all operations are accounted for in the estimate. Estimation Procedures: Turkeys raised estimates include young turkeys intended for meat production, as well as breeder turkeys which reached maturity during the calendar year. These estimates exclude turkeys lost to disease or those destroyed. Placements of turkey poults from the Monthly Turkey Hatchery Survey provide the basis for the preliminary estimates published in August. Final estimates, published in January, use indications from the December Growers Survey in addition to updated hatchery data. Other indications for the final estimates are obtained from monthly slaughter totals and check-off data provided by individual State turkey or poultry associations. Generally, individual State data are not published if there are less than three operations in a State, or if any one operation has 60 percent or more of the total turkeys in the State. These data are combined into the "Other States" category. Reliability: Turkeys raised estimates are based on a census of known active producers and, therefore, have no sampling variability. However, estimates may be subject to errors such as omissions, duplication, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing of the data. These errors are minimized through strict quality controls in the edit and summarization process, and a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. Revision Policy: Estimates for the previous year are subject to revision when preliminary raised estimates are made in August. Revisions are primarily based on updated hatchery and slaughter data, and at the U.S. level, are usually less than one-half of one percent of the final estimate published in January. Estimates are also reviewed after data from the Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions are made after that date. The next "Turkeys" report will be released at 3 p.m. ET on August 26, 1999. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA's TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). 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