Quarterly Hogs and Pigs ISSN: 1949-1921 Released December 23, 2016, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). United States Hog Inventory Up 4 Percent United States inventory of all hogs and pigs on December 1, 2016 was 71.5 million head. This was up 4 percent from December 1, 2015, and up slightly from September 1, 2016. Breeding inventory, at 6.09 million head, was up 1 percent from last year, and up 1 percent from the previous quarter. Market hog inventory, at 65.4 million head, was up 4 percent from last year, and up slightly from last quarter. The September-November 2016 pig crop, at 32.3 million head, was up 5 percent from 2015. Sows farrowing during this period totaled 3.04 million head, up 4 percent from 2015. The sows farrowed during this quarter represented 51 percent of the breeding herd. The average pigs saved per litter was a record high 10.63 for the September-November period, compared to 10.53 last year. Pigs saved per litter by size of operation ranged from 8.20 for operations with 1-99 hogs and pigs to 10.70 for operations with more than 5,000 hogs and pigs. United States hog producers intend to have 2.97 million sows farrow during the December-February 2017 quarter, up 1 percent from the actual farrowings during the same period in 2016, and up 3 percent from 2015. Intended farrowings for March-May 2017, at 3.00 million sows, are up 1 percent from 2016, and up 5 percent from 2015. The total number of hogs under contract owned by operations with over 5,000 head, but raised by contractees, accounted for 48 percent of the total United States hog inventory, up from 46 percent last year. Revisions All inventory and pig crop estimates for March 2015 through September 2016 were reviewed using final pig crop, official slaughter, death loss, and updated import and export data. The net revision made to the June 2016 all hogs and pigs inventory was 1.3 percent. A revision of 2.5 percent was made to the March-May 2016 pig crop. A revision of 0.6 percent was made to the September 2016 all hogs and pigs inventory. Records Record highs for all hogs and pigs, market hogs, pig crop and pigs per litter, by quarter, can be found on page 16. This report was approved on December 23, 2016. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Jonathan J. Cordone Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Joseph L. Parsons Contents Hogs and Pigs Inventory by Class, Weight Group, and Quarter - United States: 2015 and 2016................. 4 Sows Farrowing, Pig Crop, and Pigs per Litter - United States: 2015-2017................................... 5 Pigs per Litter by Size of Operation - United States: 2015 and 2016........................................ 5 Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: December 1, 2015 and 2016................ 6 Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: December 1, 2015 and 2016..................... 7 Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: March 1, 2015 and 2016................... 8 Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: March 1, 2015 and 2016........................ 8 Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: June 1, 2015 and 2016.................... 9 Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: June 1, 2015 and 2016......................... 9 Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: September 1, 2015 and 2016............... 10 Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: September 1, 2015 and 2016.................... 10 Annual Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: December-November 2015 and 2016............................................................................ 11 Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: December-February 2015-2017...... 12 Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: March-May 2015-2017.............. 12 Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: June-August 2015 and 2016........ 13 Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: September-November 2015 and 2016........................................................................... 13 Monthly Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - United States: December-November 2015 and 2016..... 14 Statistical Methodology.................................................................................... 15 Reliability of December 1 Hog Estimates.................................................................... 15 Records.................................................................................................... 16 Records by Quarter - United States: 1866 to present........................................................ 16 Information Contacts....................................................................................... 16 Hogs and Pigs Inventory by Class, Weight Group, and Quarter - United States: 2015 and 2016 [May not add due to rounding] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : 2016 as Item : 2015 : 2016 : percent : : : of 2015 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- 1,000 head ---- percent : March 1 inventory : All hogs and pigs ....................: 67,399 68,124 101 Kept for breeding ..................: 5,982 5,980 100 Market .............................: 61,418 62,144 101 : Market hogs and pigs by weight groups : Under 50 pounds ....................: 19,454 19,897 102 50-119 pounds ......................: 17,129 17,198 100 120-179 pounds .....................: 13,580 13,819 102 180 pounds and over ................: 11,255 11,229 100 : June 1 inventory : All hogs and pigs ....................: 67,165 69,281 103 Kept for breeding ..................: 5,926 5,979 101 Market .............................: 61,240 63,302 103 : Market hogs and pigs by weight groups : Under 50 pounds ....................: 19,365 20,356 105 50-119 pounds ......................: 17,461 18,198 104 120-179 pounds .....................: 12,985 13,291 102 180 pounds and over ................: 11,429 11,456 100 : September 1 inventory : All hogs and pigs ....................: 69,185 71,286 103 Kept for breeding ..................: 5,986 6,016 101 Market .............................: 63,200 65,270 103 : Market hogs and pigs by weight groups : Under 50 pounds ....................: 20,741 21,090 102 50-119 pounds ......................: 18,496 18,851 102 120-179 pounds .....................: 12,855 13,615 106 180 pounds and over ................: 11,108 11,713 105 : December 1 inventory : All hogs and pigs ....................: 68,919 71,500 104 Kept for breeding ..................: 6,002 6,090 101 Market .............................: 62,917 65,410 104 : Market hogs and pigs by weight groups : Under 50 pounds ....................: 20,008 20,882 104 50-119 pounds ......................: 17,262 18,037 104 120-179 pounds .....................: 13,370 13,911 104 180 pounds and over ................: 12,276 12,580 102 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sows Farrowing, Pig Crop, and Pigs per Litter - United States: 2015-2017 [May not add due to rounding. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : : : 2016 as : 2017 as Item : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 : percent : percent : : : : of 2015 : of 2016 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ :1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head percent percent Sows farrowing : December-February 1/ 2/ : 2,895 2,927 2,968 101 101 March-May 2/ ...........: 2,854 2,968 2,997 104 101 December-May 1/ ........: 5,749 5,896 5,965 103 101 : June-August ............: 3,017 3,025 100 September-November .....: 2,929 3,043 104 June-November ..........: 5,946 6,068 102 : Pig crop : December-February 1/ ...: 29,627 30,139 102 March-May ..............: 29,593 31,097 105 December-May 1/ ........: 59,219 61,236 103 : June-August ............: 31,343 31,987 102 September-November .....: 30,848 32,333 105 June-November ..........: 62,191 64,320 103 : : number number number percent percent : Pigs per litter : December-February 1/ ...: 10.23 10.30 101 March-May ..............: 10.37 10.48 101 December-May 1/ ........: 10.30 10.39 101 : June-August ............: 10.39 10.58 102 September-November .....: 10.53 10.63 101 June-November ..........: 10.46 10.60 101 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ December preceding year. 2/ Intentions for 2017. Pigs per Litter by Size of Operation - United States: 2015 and 2016 [December preceding year] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Pigs per litter on operations having 1/ :----------------------------------------------------------------- Pig crop : 1-99 : 100-499 : 500-999 :1,000-1,999:2,000-4,999: 5,000+ : head : head : head : head : head : head ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : 2015 : December-February ...: 7.90 8.60 9.00 9.40 10.00 10.30 March-May ...........: 8.00 8.70 9.10 9.50 10.10 10.40 June-August .........: 8.00 8.70 9.10 9.50 10.10 10.40 September-November ..: 8.20 8.90 9.30 9.70 10.30 10.60 : 2016 : December-February ...: 8.00 8.70 9.10 9.50 10.10 10.40 March-May ...........: 8.10 8.80 9.20 9.60 10.20 10.50 June-August .........: 8.20 8.90 9.30 9.70 10.30 10.60 September-November ..: 8.20 8.90 9.30 9.70 10.40 10.70 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Pigs per litter rounded to the nearest tenth. Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: December 1, 2015 and 2016 [May not add due to rounding] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Breeding : Market : Total :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : : : State : : : 2016 as : : : 2016 as : : : 2016 as : : : : : : : : : : 2015 : 2016 : percent : 2015 : 2016 : percent : 2015 : 2016 : percent : : : : : : : : : : : : of 2015 : : : of 2015 : : : of 2015 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- 1,000 head --- percent ---- 1,000 head ---- percent ---- 1,000 head ---- percent : Alabama .........: 13.00 10.00 77 87.00 30.00 34 100.00 40.00 40 Alaska ..........: 0.30 0.30 100 1.10 1.20 109 1.40 1.50 107 Arizona .........: 18.00 17.00 94 114.00 98.00 86 132.00 115.00 87 Arkansas ........: 61.00 49.00 80 105.00 93.00 89 166.00 142.00 86 California ......: 4.00 6.00 150 91.00 83.00 91 95.00 89.00 94 Colorado ........: 145.00 150.00 103 555.00 520.00 94 700.00 670.00 96 Connecticut .....: 0.50 0.50 100 2.00 3.10 155 2.50 3.60 144 Delaware ........: 0.60 2.50 417 2.40 4.50 188 3.00 7.00 233 Florida .........: 4.00 4.00 100 12.00 14.00 117 16.00 18.00 113 Georgia .........: 25.00 25.00 100 135.00 40.00 30 160.00 65.00 41 : Hawaii ..........: 2.00 2.50 125 7.00 7.50 107 9.00 10.00 111 Idaho ...........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Illinois ........: 490.00 540.00 110 4,610.00 4,560.00 99 5,100.00 5,100.00 100 Indiana .........: 270.00 270.00 100 3,580.00 3,830.00 107 3,850.00 4,100.00 106 Iowa ............: 1,030.00 1,030.00 100 19,870.00 21,370.00 108 20,900.00 22,400.00 107 Kansas ..........: 175.00 165.00 94 1,765.00 1,745.00 99 1,940.00 1,910.00 98 Kentucky ........: 43.00 46.00 107 382.00 384.00 101 425.00 430.00 101 Louisiana .......: 2.00 2.00 100 6.00 5.00 83 8.00 7.00 88 Maine ...........: 1.00 1.00 100 3.50 3.60 103 4.50 4.60 102 Maryland ........: 5.00 3.50 70 16.00 17.50 109 21.00 21.00 100 : Massachusetts ...: 2.00 2.00 100 9.00 6.00 67 11.00 8.00 73 Michigan ........: 110.00 110.00 100 1,010.00 1,000.00 99 1,120.00 1,110.00 99 Minnesota .......: 560.00 550.00 98 7,540.00 7,750.00 103 8,100.00 8,300.00 102 Mississippi .....: 46.00 55.00 120 469.00 475.00 101 515.00 530.00 103 Missouri ........: 395.00 435.00 110 2,655.00 2,665.00 100 3,050.00 3,100.00 102 Montana .........: 24.00 24.00 100 151.00 151.00 100 175.00 175.00 100 Nebraska ........: 420.00 415.00 99 2,880.00 2,985.00 104 3,300.00 3,400.00 103 Nevada ..........: 0.30 0.20 67 0.70 1.00 143 1.00 1.20 120 New Hampshire ...: 0.80 0.60 75 3.10 2.60 84 3.90 3.20 82 New Jersey ......: 1.50 1.50 100 10.50 9.50 90 12.00 11.00 92 : New Mexico ......: 0.50 0.40 80 1.00 1.30 130 1.50 1.70 113 New York ........: 8.00 7.00 88 68.00 39.00 57 76.00 46.00 61 North Carolina ..: 870.00 880.00 101 8,030.00 8,420.00 105 8,900.00 9,300.00 104 North Dakota ....: 31.00 34.00 110 106.00 112.00 106 137.00 146.00 107 Ohio ............: 190.00 200.00 105 2,310.00 2,500.00 108 2,500.00 2,700.00 108 Oklahoma ........: 470.00 450.00 96 1,640.00 1,700.00 104 2,110.00 2,150.00 102 Oregon ..........: 2.00 3.00 150 8.00 10.00 125 10.00 13.00 130 Pennsylvania ....: 100.00 100.00 100 1,060.00 1,110.00 105 1,160.00 1,210.00 104 Rhode Island ....: 0.40 0.40 100 1.10 1.20 109 1.50 1.60 107 South Carolina ..: 12.00 12.00 100 223.00 188.00 84 235.00 200.00 85 : South Dakota ....: 175.00 190.00 109 1,185.00 1,260.00 106 1,360.00 1,450.00 107 Tennessee .......: 20.00 22.00 110 200.00 203.00 102 220.00 225.00 102 Texas ...........: 105.00 110.00 105 755.00 770.00 102 860.00 880.00 102 Utah ............: 75.00 75.00 100 605.00 625.00 103 680.00 700.00 103 Vermont .........: 1.00 1.00 100 3.00 3.00 100 4.00 4.00 100 Virginia ........: 5.00 5.00 100 265.00 245.00 92 270.00 250.00 93 Washington ......: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) West Virginia ...: 1.50 1.00 67 3.50 3.00 86 5.00 4.00 80 Wisconsin .......: 43.00 45.00 105 277.00 280.00 101 320.00 325.00 102 Wyoming .........: 33.00 32.00 97 63.00 60.00 95 96.00 92.00 96 : Idaho and : Washington .....: 11.00 5.00 45 41.00 25.00 61 52.00 30.00 58 : United States ...: 6,002.40 6,090.40 101 62,916.90 65,410.00 104 68,919.30 71,500.40 104 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: December 1, 2015 and 2016 [Weight groups may not add to market inventory due to rounding] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Under : 50-119 : 120-179 : 180 pounds : 50 pounds : pounds : pounds : and over State :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2015 : 2016 : 2015 : 2016 : 2015 : 2016 : 2015 : 2016 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Alabama .........: 25.00 12.00 21.00 5.00 19.00 6.00 22.00 7.00 Alaska ..........: 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.10 Arizona .........: 48.00 40.00 23.00 20.00 22.00 19.00 21.00 19.00 Arkansas ........: 88.00 80.00 3.00 8.00 4.00 3.00 10.00 2.00 California ......: 22.00 21.00 19.00 18.00 25.00 23.00 25.00 21.00 Colorado ........: 240.00 220.00 120.00 120.00 90.00 95.00 105.00 85.00 Connecticut .....: 0.70 1.20 0.40 1.30 0.40 0.30 0.50 0.30 Delaware ........: 1.20 2.80 0.60 0.60 0.40 0.50 0.20 0.60 Florida .........: 4.00 5.00 4.00 5.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 Georgia .........: 54.00 28.00 28.00 4.00 29.00 3.00 24.00 5.00 : Hawaii ..........: 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.50 1.00 1.00 Idaho ...........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Illinois ........: 1,440.00 1,450.00 1,330.00 1,360.00 910.00 890.00 930.00 860.00 Indiana .........: 1,050.00 1,040.00 920.00 1,080.00 760.00 800.00 850.00 910.00 Iowa ............: 5,220.00 5,700.00 6,280.00 6,610.00 4,660.00 5,080.00 3,710.00 3,980.00 Kansas ..........: 430.00 455.00 405.00 520.00 410.00 320.00 520.00 450.00 Kentucky ........: 95.00 104.00 112.00 105.00 71.00 90.00 104.00 85.00 Louisiana .......: 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Maine ...........: 1.20 1.20 0.60 1.00 0.90 0.70 0.80 0.70 Maryland ........: 5.00 4.00 4.00 6.50 4.00 5.00 3.00 2.00 : Massachusetts ...: 2.10 2.00 2.60 1.80 2.10 1.00 2.20 1.20 Michigan ........: 275.00 295.00 250.00 250.00 240.00 215.00 245.00 240.00 Minnesota .......: 2,660.00 2,650.00 2,200.00 2,300.00 1,470.00 1,550.00 1,210.00 1,250.00 Mississippi .....: 173.00 193.00 113.00 113.00 92.00 84.00 91.00 85.00 Missouri ........: 1,290.00 1,340.00 525.00 520.00 400.00 385.00 440.00 420.00 Montana .........: 57.00 59.00 33.00 34.00 32.00 29.00 29.00 29.00 Nebraska ........: 950.00 955.00 750.00 790.00 580.00 650.00 600.00 590.00 Nevada ..........: 0.30 0.40 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.30 New Hampshire ...: 0.80 0.40 0.80 0.70 0.70 0.80 0.80 0.70 New Jersey ......: 2.20 2.40 2.50 1.60 2.60 1.90 3.20 3.60 : New Mexico ......: 0.20 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.40 0.20 0.20 New York ........: 26.00 13.00 15.00 8.00 14.00 11.00 13.00 7.00 North Carolina ..: 3,050.00 3,160.00 1,880.00 1,940.00 1,590.00 1,700.00 1,510.00 1,620.00 North Dakota ....: 52.00 59.00 23.00 22.00 14.00 14.00 17.00 17.00 Ohio ............: 620.00 750.00 620.00 650.00 620.00 610.00 450.00 490.00 Oklahoma ........: 700.00 735.00 345.00 340.00 260.00 285.00 335.00 340.00 Oregon ..........: 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.50 2.00 3.00 1.00 1.50 Pennsylvania ....: 255.00 320.00 335.00 335.00 270.00 245.00 200.00 210.00 Rhode Island ....: 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 South Carolina ..: 43.00 40.00 58.00 46.00 60.00 46.00 62.00 56.00 : South Dakota ....: 405.00 445.00 320.00 325.00 215.00 245.00 245.00 245.00 Tennessee .......: 49.00 65.00 44.00 44.00 54.00 46.00 53.00 48.00 Texas ...........: 205.00 170.00 205.00 190.00 165.00 175.00 180.00 235.00 Utah ............: 245.00 250.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 120.00 125.00 Vermont .........: 0.90 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.60 0.70 0.70 0.70 Virginia ........: 61.00 54.00 65.00 60.00 72.00 69.00 67.00 62.00 Washington ......: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) West Virginia ...: 1.00 0.50 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 Wisconsin .......: 89.00 95.00 63.00 62.00 65.00 63.00 60.00 60.00 Wyoming .........: 47.00 47.00 7.00 5.00 4.00 4.00 5.00 4.00 : Idaho and : Washington .....: 16.00 7.50 10.50 6.00 9.50 6.00 5.00 5.50 : United States ...:20,008.40 20,882.40 17,262.00 18,037.20 13,370.40 13,910.80 12,276.10 12,579.60 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: March 1, 2015 and 2016 [May not add due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Breeding : Market : Total :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : :2016 as: : :2016 as: : :2016 as : 2015 : 2016 :percent: 2015 : 2016 :percent: 2015 : 2016 :percent : : :of 2015: : :of 2015: : :of 2015 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head percent -- 1,000 head -- percent -- 1,000 head -- percent : Colorado ........: 140 150 107 570 550 96 710 700 99 Illinois ........: 490 500 102 4,260 4,650 109 4,750 5,150 108 Indiana .........: 280 260 93 3,470 3,490 101 3,750 3,750 100 Iowa ............: 1,030 980 95 19,770 19,220 97 20,800 20,200 97 Kansas ..........: 175 175 100 1,685 1,755 104 1,860 1,930 104 Michigan ........: 110 110 100 1,030 1,060 103 1,140 1,170 103 Minnesota .......: 570 560 98 7,430 7,440 100 8,000 8,000 100 Missouri ........: 400 385 96 2,500 2,615 105 2,900 3,000 103 Nebraska ........: 420 420 100 2,730 2,980 109 3,150 3,400 108 North Carolina ..: 890 880 99 7,710 7,920 103 8,600 8,800 102 : Ohio ............: 180 185 103 2,150 2,465 115 2,330 2,650 114 Oklahoma ........: 440 480 109 1,750 1,660 95 2,190 2,140 98 Pennsylvania ....: 100 110 110 1,040 1,030 99 1,140 1,140 100 South Dakota ....: 165 190 115 1,145 1,220 107 1,310 1,410 108 Texas ...........: 100 110 110 820 750 91 920 860 93 Utah ............: 75 75 100 595 595 100 670 670 100 : Other States 1/ .: 417 410 98 2,763 2,744 99 3,179 3,154 99 : United States ...: 5,982 5,980 100 61,418 62,144 101 67,399 68,124 101 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: March 1, 2015 and 2016 [Weight groups may not add to market inventory due to rounding] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Under : 50-119 : 120-179 : 180 pounds : 50 pounds : pounds : pounds : and over State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2015 : 2016 : 2015 : 2016 : 2015 : 2016 : 2015 : 2016 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Colorado ........: 280 260 100 100 90 90 100 100 Illinois ........: 1,330 1,500 1,260 1,370 890 920 780 860 Indiana .........: 990 1,040 970 980 710 730 800 740 Iowa ............: 5,030 4,720 6,410 6,100 4,940 4,850 3,390 3,550 Kansas ..........: 445 490 415 465 335 375 490 425 Michigan ........: 295 290 235 260 260 260 240 250 Minnesota .......: 2,600 2,600 2,050 2,280 1,550 1,530 1,230 1,030 Missouri ........: 1,250 1,250 505 535 380 420 365 410 Nebraska ........: 870 1,000 780 780 615 660 465 540 North Carolina ..: 2,800 3,180 1,810 1,730 1,640 1,710 1,460 1,300 : Ohio ............: 660 740 630 680 510 605 350 440 Oklahoma ........: 740 690 370 335 270 310 370 325 Pennsylvania ....: 265 270 340 315 240 270 195 175 South Dakota ....: 375 430 305 330 250 240 215 220 Texas ...........: 230 190 215 205 200 160 175 195 Utah ............: 265 265 105 110 120 120 105 100 : Other States 1/ .: 1,029 982 629 623 580 569 525 569 : United States ...: 19,454 19,897 17,129 17,198 13,580 13,819 11,255 11,229 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: June 1, 2015 and 2016 [May not add due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Breeding : Market : Total :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : :2016 as: : :2016 as: : :2016 as : 2015 : 2016 :percent: 2015 : 2016 :percent: 2015 : 2016 :percent : : :of 2015: : :of 2015: : :of 2015 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head percent -- 1,000 head -- percent -- 1,000 head -- percent : Colorado ........: 145 145 100 555 565 102 700 710 101 Illinois ........: 490 530 108 4,160 4,670 112 4,650 5,200 112 Indiana .........: 270 260 96 3,380 3,590 106 3,650 3,850 105 Iowa ............: 1,000 970 97 20,000 19,830 99 21,000 20,800 99 Kansas ..........: 180 175 97 1,690 1,765 104 1,870 1,940 104 Michigan ........: 110 110 100 990 1,040 105 1,100 1,150 105 Minnesota .......: 550 560 102 7,600 7,540 99 8,150 8,100 99 Missouri ........: 395 395 100 2,505 2,605 104 2,900 3,000 103 Nebraska ........: 410 425 104 2,790 3,075 110 3,200 3,500 109 North Carolina ..: 880 890 101 7,120 8,210 115 8,000 9,100 114 : Ohio ............: 185 180 97 2,195 2,370 108 2,380 2,550 107 Oklahoma ........: 440 470 107 1,790 1,700 95 2,230 2,170 97 Pennsylvania ....: 105 100 95 1,065 1,050 99 1,170 1,150 98 South Dakota ....: 170 190 112 1,150 1,210 105 1,320 1,400 106 Texas ...........: 105 100 95 775 790 102 880 890 101 Utah ............: 75 75 100 645 605 94 720 680 94 : Other States 1/ .: 416 404 97 2,830 2,687 95 3,245 3,091 95 : United States ...: 5,926 5,979 101 61,240 63,302 103 67,165 69,281 103 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: June 1, 2015 and 2016 [Weight groups may not add to market inventory due to rounding] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Under : 50-119 : 120-179 : 180 pounds : 50 pounds : pounds : pounds : and over State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2015 : 2016 : 2015 : 2016 : 2015 : 2016 : 2015 : 2016 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Colorado ........: 270 265 125 120 80 95 80 85 Illinois ........: 1,250 1,420 1,240 1,460 890 910 780 880 Indiana .........: 940 1,020 1,000 1,120 670 700 770 750 Iowa ............: 5,070 5,280 6,410 6,400 4,820 4,760 3,700 3,390 Kansas ..........: 430 470 505 490 345 310 410 495 Michigan ........: 275 305 255 255 240 240 220 240 Minnesota .......: 2,570 2,550 2,300 2,340 1,540 1,470 1,190 1,180 Missouri ........: 1,245 1,315 485 540 370 350 405 400 Nebraska ........: 860 960 765 840 630 685 535 590 North Carolina ..: 2,830 3,180 1,650 1,970 1,320 1,560 1,320 1,500 : Ohio ............: 630 720 660 680 535 570 370 400 Oklahoma ........: 740 760 380 370 290 250 380 320 Pennsylvania ....: 290 255 345 330 230 280 200 185 South Dakota ....: 405 425 320 325 220 250 205 210 Texas ...........: 230 205 205 230 145 190 195 165 Utah ............: 280 255 130 115 115 125 120 110 : Other States 1/ .: 1,050 971 686 613 545 546 549 556 : United States ...: 19,365 20,356 17,461 18,198 12,985 13,291 11,429 11,456 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory - States and United States: September 1, 2015 and 2016 [May not add due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Breeding : Market : Total :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : :2016 as: : :2016 as: : :2016 as : 2015 : 2016 :percent: 2015 : 2016 :percent: 2015 : 2016 :percent : : :of 2015: : :of 2015: : :of 2015 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head percent -- 1,000 head -- percent -- 1,000 head -- percent : Colorado ........: 145 145 100 615 575 93 760 720 95 Illinois ........: 500 530 106 4,300 4,470 104 4,800 5,000 104 Indiana .........: 280 280 100 3,570 3,720 104 3,850 4,000 104 Iowa ............: 1,000 980 98 20,500 21,120 103 21,500 22,100 103 Kansas ..........: 180 180 100 1,780 1,820 102 1,960 2,000 102 Michigan ........: 110 105 95 1,000 1,025 103 1,110 1,130 102 Minnesota .......: 560 570 102 7,390 7,730 105 7,950 8,300 104 Missouri ........: 400 395 99 2,700 2,805 104 3,100 3,200 103 Nebraska ........: 410 420 102 2,840 3,130 110 3,250 3,550 109 North Carolina ..: 880 890 101 7,920 8,310 105 8,800 9,200 105 : Ohio ............: 185 190 103 2,235 2,410 108 2,420 2,600 107 Oklahoma ........: 470 455 97 1,770 1,765 100 2,240 2,220 99 Pennsylvania ....: 100 95 95 1,090 1,055 97 1,190 1,150 97 South Dakota ....: 170 195 115 1,170 1,215 104 1,340 1,410 105 Texas ...........: 105 100 95 765 820 107 870 920 106 Utah ............: 75 75 100 675 625 93 750 700 93 : Other States 1/ .: 416 411 99 2,880 2,675 93 3,295 3,086 94 : United States ...: 5,986 6,016 101 63,200 65,270 103 69,185 71,286 103 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Market Inventory by Weight Group - States and United States: September 1, 2015 and 2016 [Weight groups may not add to market inventory due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Under : 50-119 : 120-179 : 180 pounds : 50 pounds : pounds : pounds : and over State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2015 : 2016 : 2015 : 2016 : 2015 : 2016 : 2015 : 2016 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head : Colorado ........: 310 270 120 125 80 85 105 95 Illinois ........: 1,370 1,440 1,330 1,380 810 860 790 790 Indiana .........: 1,040 1,050 1,050 1,080 720 750 760 840 Iowa ............: 5,440 5,590 6,700 6,830 4,880 5,080 3,480 3,620 Kansas ..........: 490 495 505 510 305 365 480 450 Michigan ........: 305 295 250 260 215 235 230 235 Minnesota .......: 2,600 2,650 2,250 2,380 1,390 1,500 1,150 1,200 Missouri ........: 1,295 1,375 590 600 400 400 415 430 Nebraska ........: 910 990 810 900 590 640 530 600 North Carolina ..: 3,260 3,240 2,000 2,000 1,410 1,600 1,250 1,470 : Ohio ............: 660 740 700 730 505 550 370 390 Oklahoma ........: 805 775 430 420 260 250 275 320 Pennsylvania ....: 285 270 380 345 225 250 200 190 South Dakota ....: 435 435 315 325 205 230 215 225 Texas ...........: 190 240 215 230 180 160 180 190 Utah ............: 280 250 140 130 130 130 125 115 : Other States 1/ .: 1,066 985 711 606 550 530 553 553 : United States ...: 20,741 21,090 18,496 18,851 12,855 13,615 11,108 11,713 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Annual Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: December-November 2015 and 2016 [December preceding year. May not add due to rounding] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sows farrowing : Pigs per litter : Pig crop :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : 2016 as : : : : : 2016 as : 2015 : 2016 : percent : 2015 : 2016 : 2015 : 2016 : percent : : : of 2015 : : : : : of 2015 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :---- 1,000 head ---- percent ---- number ---- ----- 1,000 head ---- percent : Alabama ...........: 20.50 19.00 93 9.95 9.47 204.00 180.00 88 Alaska ............: 0.22 0.24 109 8.18 8.75 1.80 2.10 117 Arizona ...........: 31.00 35.00 113 8.68 9.43 269.00 330.00 123 Arkansas ..........: 126.00 122.00 97 10.54 10.56 1,328.00 1,288.00 97 California ........: 8.50 7.00 82 7.29 7.00 62.00 49.00 79 Colorado ..........: 280.00 303.00 108 9.96 10.11 2,790.00 3,063.00 110 Connecticut .......: 0.40 0.50 125 9.00 7.60 3.60 3.80 106 Delaware ..........: 0.40 1.20 300 10.00 8.83 4.00 10.60 265 Florida ...........: 4.00 4.00 100 7.00 6.75 28.00 27.00 96 Georgia ...........: 48.00 48.00 100 10.50 10.46 504.00 502.00 100 : Hawaii ............: 2.00 2.00 100 7.25 6.50 14.50 13.00 90 Idaho .............: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Illinois ..........: 970.00 1,020.00 105 10.29 10.48 9,985.00 10,686.00 107 Indiana ...........: 550.00 556.00 101 10.40 10.38 5,720.00 5,769.00 101 Iowa ..............: 2,045.00 2,060.00 101 10.78 10.88 22,042.00 22,404.00 102 Kansas ............: 348.00 346.00 99 10.16 10.45 3,537.00 3,615.00 102 Kentucky ..........: 82.00 93.00 113 9.77 9.74 801.00 906.00 113 Louisiana .........: 1.10 0.90 82 7.00 6.22 7.70 5.60 73 Maine .............: 0.90 0.90 100 7.44 7.11 6.70 6.40 96 Maryland ..........: 5.20 4.70 90 8.65 8.94 45.00 42.00 93 : Massachusetts .....: 2.30 2.50 109 8.43 7.04 19.40 17.60 91 Michigan ..........: 205.00 198.00 97 10.73 10.55 2,199.00 2,089.00 95 Minnesota .........: 1,150.00 1,160.00 101 11.08 11.11 12,739.00 12,892.00 101 Mississippi .......: 100.00 111.00 111 11.33 10.07 1,133.00 1,118.00 99 Missouri ..........: 815.00 825.00 101 10.10 10.05 8,235.00 8,289.00 101 Montana ...........: 45.50 47.00 103 10.73 10.96 488.00 515.00 106 Nebraska ..........: 700.00 725.00 104 11.11 11.41 7,779.00 8,275.00 106 Nevada ............: 0.40 0.40 100 5.75 5.50 2.30 2.20 96 New Hampshire .....: 0.50 0.40 80 8.80 8.00 4.40 3.20 73 New Jersey ........: 0.80 1.00 125 7.13 6.10 5.70 6.10 107 : New Mexico ........: 0.40 0.40 100 7.50 7.75 3.00 3.10 103 New York ..........: 15.00 9.50 63 10.20 9.79 153.00 93.00 61 North Carolina ....: 1,810.00 1,875.00 104 9.67 10.16 17,494.00 19,057.00 109 North Dakota ......: 68.00 70.50 104 10.82 10.78 736.00 760.00 103 Ohio ..............: 360.00 366.00 102 10.51 10.43 3,785.00 3,816.00 101 Oklahoma ..........: 780.00 795.00 102 10.32 10.45 8,053.00 8,307.00 103 Oregon ............: 1.80 2.30 128 8.28 8.30 14.90 19.10 128 Pennsylvania ......: 190.00 197.00 104 10.33 10.37 1,962.00 2,042.00 104 Rhode Island ......: 0.40 0.40 100 7.00 5.50 2.80 2.20 79 South Carolina ....: 19.00 21.00 111 10.05 8.90 191.00 187.00 98 : South Dakota ......: 353.00 387.00 110 10.86 10.79 3,834.00 4,176.00 109 Tennessee .........: 43.00 47.00 109 9.56 9.68 411.00 455.00 111 Texas .............: 189.00 184.00 97 9.24 8.76 1,747.00 1,612.00 92 Utah ..............: 158.00 157.00 99 9.44 9.15 1,491.00 1,437.00 96 Vermont ...........: 0.90 0.80 89 7.33 7.13 6.60 5.70 86 Virginia ..........: 7.00 7.50 107 10.00 10.27 70.00 77.00 110 Washington ........: (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) West Virginia .....: 0.80 0.70 88 7.75 7.57 6.20 5.30 85 Wisconsin .........: 72.00 69.00 96 9.35 9.58 673.00 661.00 98 Wyoming ...........: 68.00 73.00 107 10.04 9.36 683.00 683.00 100 : Idaho and : Washington .......: 15.60 6.20 40 8.72 7.73 136.00 47.90 35 : United States .....:11,694.62 11,963.04 102 10.38 10.50 121,410.60 125,555.90 103 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: December-February 2015-2017 [December preceding year. May not add due to rounding] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sows farrowing : Pigs per litter : Pig crop 1/ :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : : : State : : : : 2017 as : : : : : 2016 as : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 2/ : percent : 2015 : 2016 : 2015 : 2016 : percent : : : : of 2016 : : : : : of 2015 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------- 1,000 head -------- percent ----- number ---- --- 1,000 head --- percent : Colorado ...........: 69 75 73 97 9.80 9.75 676 731 108 Illinois ...........: 245 250 265 106 10.20 10.35 2,499 2,588 104 Indiana ............: 140 140 130 93 10.10 10.20 1,414 1,428 101 Iowa ...............: 510 500 520 104 10.70 10.70 5,457 5,350 98 Kansas .............: 88 90 83 92 10.00 10.20 880 918 104 Michigan ...........: 52 51 53 104 10.50 10.60 546 541 99 Minnesota ..........: 285 275 290 105 11.00 11.10 3,135 3,053 97 Missouri ...........: 205 195 210 108 9.80 9.65 2,009 1,882 94 Nebraska ...........: 170 175 185 106 11.00 11.30 1,870 1,978 106 North Carolina .....: 445 460 455 99 9.50 9.90 4,228 4,554 108 : Ohio ...............: 88 91 92 101 10.45 10.10 920 919 100 Oklahoma ...........: 195 200 190 95 10.15 10.30 1,979 2,060 104 Pennsylvania .......: 46 49 49 100 10.20 10.20 469 500 107 South Dakota .......: 85 96 93 97 10.80 10.75 918 1,032 112 Texas ..............: 43 47 44 94 9.05 8.00 389 376 97 Utah ...............: 35 39 38 97 8.70 8.70 305 339 111 : Other States 3/ ....: 194 194 198 102 9.96 9.73 1,933 1,890 98 : United States ......: 2,895 2,927 2,968 101 10.23 10.30 29,627 30,139 102 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Number of pigs born December-February that were still on hand March 1, or had been sold. 2/ Intentions. 3/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: March-May 2015-2017 [May not add due to rounding] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sows farrowing : Pigs per litter : Pig crop 1/ :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2017 as : : : : : 2016 as : 2015 : 2016 : 2017 2/ : percent : 2015 : 2016 : 2015 : 2016 : percent : : : : of 2016 : : : : : of 2015 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------- 1,000 head -------- percent ----- number ---- --- 1,000 head --- percent : Colorado ...........: 70 77 66 86 10.00 10.20 700 785 112 Illinois ...........: 230 255 265 104 10.50 10.40 2,415 2,652 110 Indiana ............: 130 131 130 99 10.50 10.40 1,365 1,362 100 Iowa ...............: 495 500 520 104 10.60 10.90 5,247 5,450 104 Kansas .............: 84 85 83 98 9.95 10.50 836 893 107 Michigan ...........: 50 48 52 108 10.70 10.50 535 504 94 Minnesota ..........: 275 285 295 104 11.05 11.05 3,039 3,149 104 Missouri ...........: 200 205 225 110 10.40 9.95 2,080 2,040 98 Nebraska ...........: 170 185 185 100 11.20 11.40 1,904 2,109 111 North Carolina .....: 445 475 450 95 9.30 10.25 4,139 4,869 118 : Ohio ...............: 89 88 91 103 10.60 10.50 943 924 98 Oklahoma ...........: 195 200 193 97 10.35 10.30 2,018 2,060 102 Pennsylvania .......: 49 51 48 94 10.30 10.30 505 525 104 South Dakota .......: 86 94 93 99 10.95 10.75 942 1,011 107 Texas ..............: 50 46 57 124 9.50 7.85 475 361 76 Utah ...............: 41 41 36 88 9.80 9.40 402 385 96 : Other States 3/ ....: 195 202 208 103 10.52 9.97 2,048 2,018 99 : United States ......: 2,854 2,968 2,997 101 10.37 10.48 29,593 31,097 105 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Number of pigs born March-May that were still on hand June 1, or had been sold. 2/ Intentions 3/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: June-August 2015 and 2016 [May not add due to rounding] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sows farrowing : Pigs per litter : Pig crop 1/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : 2016 : 2016 as : : : : 2016 : 2016 as State : : : : : : : : : 2015 : : percent : : : 2015 : : percent : : : of 2015 : 2015 : 2016 : : : of 2015 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 head percent ---- number --- -- 1,000 head -- percent : Colorado ........: 71 78 110 10.10 10.10 717 788 110 Illinois ........: 260 255 98 10.15 10.55 2,639 2,690 102 Indiana .........: 145 145 100 10.60 10.60 1,537 1,537 100 Iowa ............: 510 500 98 10.80 11.00 5,508 5,500 100 Kansas ..........: 90 89 99 10.30 10.50 927 935 101 Michigan ........: 52 50 96 11.00 10.50 572 525 92 Minnesota .......: 305 300 98 11.15 11.10 3,401 3,330 98 Missouri ........: 215 215 100 9.85 10.10 2,118 2,172 103 Nebraska ........: 180 185 103 11.10 11.35 1,998 2,100 105 North Carolina ..: 470 480 102 9.70 10.20 4,559 4,896 107 : Ohio ............: 92 92 100 10.50 10.60 966 975 101 Oklahoma ........: 195 200 103 10.40 10.65 2,028 2,130 105 Pennsylvania ....: 49 48 98 10.40 10.45 510 502 98 South Dakota ....: 91 97 107 10.85 10.75 987 1,043 106 Texas ...........: 49 43 88 9.00 9.30 441 400 91 Utah ............: 43 39 91 9.60 9.50 413 371 90 : Other States 2/ .: 200 209 104 10.12 10.03 2,022 2,093 104 : United States ...: 3,017 3,025 100 10.39 10.58 31,343 31,987 102 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Number of pigs born June-August that were still on hand September 1, or had been sold. 2/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - States and United States: September-November 2015 and 2016 [May not add due to rounding] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sows Farrowing : Pigs per litter : Pig crop 1/ :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : 2016 as : : : : : 2016 as State : 2015 : 2016 : percent : 2015 : 2016 : 2015 : 2016 : percent : : : of 2015 : : : : : of 2015 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 head -- percent ----- number ---- --- 1,000 head --- percent : Colorado ...........: 70 73 104 9.95 10.40 697 759 109 Illinois ...........: 235 260 111 10.35 10.60 2,432 2,756 113 Indiana ............: 135 140 104 10.40 10.30 1,404 1,442 103 Iowa ...............: 530 560 106 11.00 10.90 5,830 6,104 105 Kansas .............: 86 82 95 10.40 10.60 894 869 97 Michigan ...........: 51 49 96 10.70 10.60 546 519 95 Minnesota ..........: 285 300 105 11.10 11.20 3,164 3,360 106 Missouri ...........: 195 210 108 10.40 10.45 2,028 2,195 108 Nebraska ...........: 180 180 100 11.15 11.60 2,007 2,088 104 North Carolina .....: 450 460 102 10.15 10.30 4,568 4,738 104 : Ohio ...............: 91 95 104 10.50 10.50 956 998 104 Oklahoma ...........: 195 195 100 10.40 10.55 2,028 2,057 101 Pennsylvania .......: 46 49 107 10.40 10.50 478 515 108 South Dakota .......: 91 100 110 10.85 10.90 987 1,090 110 Texas ..............: 47 48 102 9.40 9.90 442 475 107 Utah ...............: 39 38 97 9.50 9.00 371 342 92 : Other States 2/ ....: 203 204 100 9.93 9.93 2,016 2,026 100 : United States ......: 2,929 3,043 104 10.53 10.63 30,848 32,333 105 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Number of pigs born September-November that were still on hand December 1, or had been sold. 2/ Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States. Monthly Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop - United States: December-November 2015 and 2016 [December preceding year] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sows farrowing 1/ : Pigs per litter : Pig crop 1/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2015 : 2016 : 2015 : 2016 : 2015 : 2016 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 head --- ----- number ---- ---- 1,000 head --- : December .......: 962 977 10.32 10.35 9,923 10,109 January ........: 974 993 10.16 10.29 9,895 10,214 February .......: 960 957 10.22 10.25 9,809 9,816 March ..........: 966 1,022 10.38 10.45 10,031 10,673 April ..........: 944 964 10.40 10.50 9,817 10,117 May ............: 943 983 10.33 10.49 9,745 10,308 June ...........: 1,017 1,021 10.35 10.52 10,528 10,740 July ...........: 997 1,004 10.39 10.56 10,359 10,603 August .........: 1,003 999 10.42 10.65 10,456 10,643 September ......: 1,010 1,050 10.45 10.62 10,558 11,151 October ........: 975 1,009 10.59 10.58 10,326 10,678 November .......: 944 984 10.55 10.67 9,965 10,504 : Total ..........: 11,695 11,963 10.38 10.50 121,411 125,556 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Monthly values may not add to quarterly or annual totals due to rounding. Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: A random sample of roughly 10,500 United States producers was surveyed to provide data for these estimates. Survey procedures ensured that all hog and pig producers, regardless of size, had a chance to be included in the survey. Large operations were sampled more heavily than small operations. During the first half of December 2016, data were collected from about 7,350 operations, 70 percent of the total sample. The data collected were received by electronic data reporting, mail, telephone, and face-to-face personal interviews. Regardless of when operations responded, they were asked to report inventories as of December 1, 2016. Estimating Procedures: Hogs and pigs estimates were prepared by the Agricultural Statistics Board after reviewing recommendations and analysis submitted by each field office. National and State survey data were reviewed for reasonableness with each other and with estimates from past years using a balance sheet. The balance sheet begins with the previous inventory estimate, adds the estimates of births and imports, and subtracts the estimates of slaughter, exports, and deaths. This indicated ending inventory level is compared to the Agricultural Statistics Board estimate for reasonableness. Revision Policy: Revisions to previous estimates are made to improve quarter to quarter relationships. Estimates for the previous four quarters are subject to revision when current estimates are made. In December, estimates for all quarters of the current and previous year are reviewed. The reviews are primarily based on hog check-off receipts and slaughter. Estimates will also be reviewed after data from the Department of Agriculture five-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date. Reliability: Since all operations raising hogs are not included in the sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplication, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these errors cannot be measured directly. They are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items in the following table. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance and is computed using the difference between first and final estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for hog inventory estimates over the past 20 quarters is 1.4 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the final estimate will not be above or below the current estimate of 71.5 million head by more than 1.4 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 that the difference will not exceed 2.4 percent. Reliability of December 1 Hog Estimates [Based on data for the previous twenty quarters] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Root mean : 90 percent : Difference between first and latest estimate : square error : confidence : : : : : : : level :------------------------------------------------------------- Item : : : : : : Years : : : : : :------------------------------- : : : Average :Smallest : Largest : Below latest : Above latest -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent --------- 1,000 -------- ----- number ----- : All hogs and pigs ............: 1.4 2.4 797 95 1,726 12 8 : Pig crop .....................: 2.4 4.2 594 4 1,260 13 7 : Expected farrowings : : Next quarter ...............: 3.0 5.1 76 10 167 12 8 : Following quarter ..........: 3.1 5.4 77 11 197 11 9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Records The table below provides data users with record high estimates of all hogs and pigs, market hogs, pig crop and pigs per litter since each data series began. Records by Quarter - United States: 1866 to present ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Item : Estimate : Record high : Series began ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 head year year : All hogs and pigs : March 1 ....................: 68,124 2016 1988 June 1 .....................: 69,281 2016 1964 September 1 ................: 71,286 2016 1988 December 1 .................: 83,741 1943 1866 : Market : March 1 ....................: 62,144 2016 1988 June 1 .....................: 63,302 2016 1964 September 1 ................: 65,270 2016 1988 December 1 .................: 65,410 2016 1963 : Pig crop : December-February1/ ........: 30,139 2016 1970 March-May ..................: 32,355 1970 1970 June-August ................: 31,987 2016 1970 September-November .........: 32,333 2016 1970 : : number year year : Pigs per litter : December-February1/ ........: 10.30 2016 1970 March-May ..................: 10.48 2016 1970 June-August ................: 10.58 2016 1970 September-November .........: 10.63 2016 1970 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ December preceding year. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov. Dan Kerestes, Chief, Livestock Branch ........... (202) 720-3570 Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section ........... (202) 690-2424 Sherry Bertramsen - Livestock Slaughter ...... (202) 720-3240 David Colwell - Sheep and Goats .............. (202) 720-8784 Donnie Fike - Dairy Products ................. (202) 690-3236 Michael Klamm - Cattle, Cattle on Feed ....... (202) 720-3040 Mike Miller - Milk Production and Milk Cows .. (202) 720-3278 Seth Riggins - Hogs and Pigs ................. (202) 720-3106 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" or "State" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@nass.usda.gov. 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