Crop Production ISSN: 1936-3737 Released November 10, 2020, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Corn Production Down 1 Percent from October Forecast Soybean Production Down 2 Percent Cotton Production Up less than 1 Percent Corn production for grain is forecast at 14.5 billion bushels, down 1 percent from the previous forecast but up 7 percent from 2019. Based on conditions as of November 1, yields are expected to average 175.8 bushels per harvested acre, down 2.6 bushels from the previous forecast but up 8.3 bushels from last year. Area harvested for grain is forecast at 82.5 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast, but up 1 percent from the previous year. Soybean production for beans is forecast at 4.17 billion bushels, down 2 percent from the previous forecast but up 17 percent from last year. Based on conditions as of November 1, yields are expected to average 50.7 bushels per harvested acre, down 1.2 bushels from the previous forecast but up 3.3 bushels from 2019. Area harvested for beans in the United States is forecast at 82.3 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 10 percent from 2019. All cotton production is forecast at 17.1 million 480-pound bales, up less than 1 percent from the previous forecast but down 14 percent from 2019. Based on conditions as of November 1, yields are expected to average 911 pounds per harvested acre, up 2 pounds from the previous forecast and up 88 pounds from 2019. Upland cotton production is forecast at 16.5 million 480-pound bales, up less than 1 percent from the previous forecast but down 14 percent from 2019. Pima cotton production is forecast at 557,000 bales, up 2 percent from the previous forecast but down 19 percent from 2019. All cotton area harvested is forecast at 9.01 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast, but down 22 percent from 2019. This report was approved on November 10, 2020. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Bill Northey Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Joseph L. Parsons Contents Corn for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted November 1, 2020............................................................................................ 6 Corn Production - United States Chart....................................................................... 7 Sorghum for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted November 1, 2020............................................................................................ 7 Rice Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted November 1, 2020............................................................................................ 8 Rice Production by Class - United States: 2019 and Forecasted November 1, 2020.............................. 8 Soybean Production - United States Chart.................................................................... 8 Soybeans for Beans Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted November 1, 2020............................................................................................ 9 Peanut Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted November 1, 2020............................................................................................ 10 Cottonseed Production - United States: 2019 and Forecasted November 1, 2020................................. 10 Cotton Production - United States Chart..................................................................... 10 Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted November 1, 2020............................................................................................ 11 Sugarbeet Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted November 1, 2020............................................................................................ 12 Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted November 1, 2020................................................................................. 12 Potato Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2019 and 2020................................. 13 Potato Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted November 1, 2020............................................................................................ 13 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2019 and 2020..... 14 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2019 and 2020....... 16 Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2020 and 2021................................. 18 Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2020 and 2021................................... 19 Corn for Grain Plant Population per Acre - Selected States: 2016-2020....................................... 20 Corn for Grain Number of Ears per Acre - Selected States: 2016-2020......................................... 21 Corn Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2016-2020..................... 21 Corn for Grain Percentage Distribution by Plant Population Per Acre - Selected States: 2016-2020............ 22 Corn for Grain Frequency of Farmer Reported Row Widths - Selected States: 2016-2020......................... 23 Corn for Grain Percentage Distribution by Measured Row Width and Average Row Width - Selected States: 2016-2020........................................................................................... 24 Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts - Selected States: 2016-2020.................................................. 25 Soybean Pods with Beans per 18 Square Feet - Selected States: 2016-2020..................................... 26 Soybean Frequency of Farmer Reported Row Widths - Selected States: 2016-2020................................ 27 Soybean Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2016-2020.................. 28 Soybean Percentage Distribution by Measured Row Width and Average Row Width - Selected States: 2016-2020........................................................................................... 29 Percent of Normal Precipitation Map......................................................................... 31 Departure from Normal Temperature Map....................................................................... 31 October Weather Summary..................................................................................... 32 October Agricultural Summary................................................................................ 32 Crop Comments............................................................................................... 34 Statistical Methodology..................................................................................... 37 Reliability of November 1 Crop Production Forecasts......................................................... 38 Information Contacts........................................................................................ 39 This page intentionally left blank. Corn for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted November 1, 2020 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2020 : : : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 :-----------------------: 2019 : 2020 : : : : October 1 :November 1 : : ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ---------- bushels ---------- --- 1,000 bushels --- : Alabama .........: 305 325 147.0 166.0 166.0 44,835 53,950 Arkansas ........: 735 605 175.0 183.0 181.0 128,625 109,505 California ......: 60 50 168.0 155.0 155.0 10,080 7,750 Colorado ........: 1,300 1,160 123.0 125.0 122.0 159,900 141,520 Delaware ........: 180 170 161.0 181.0 181.0 28,980 30,770 Georgia .........: 350 380 160.0 182.0 182.0 56,000 69,160 Idaho ...........: 150 140 205.0 205.0 205.0 30,750 28,700 Illinois ........: 10,200 11,200 181.0 200.0 195.0 1,846,200 2,184,000 Indiana .........: 4,820 5,250 169.0 189.0 189.0 814,580 992,250 Iowa ............: 13,050 12,700 198.0 186.0 184.0 2,583,900 2,336,800 : Kansas ..........: 6,020 5,750 133.0 137.0 132.0 800,660 759,000 Kentucky ........: 1,450 1,360 169.0 181.0 181.0 245,050 246,160 Louisiana .......: 545 490 165.0 184.0 184.0 89,925 90,160 Maryland ........: 460 455 161.0 155.0 153.0 74,060 69,615 Michigan ........: 1,610 1,980 147.0 167.0 160.0 236,670 316,800 Minnesota .......: 7,250 7,550 173.0 202.0 202.0 1,254,250 1,525,100 Mississippi .....: 620 490 174.0 181.0 181.0 107,880 88,690 Missouri ........: 2,990 3,300 155.0 169.0 167.0 463,450 551,100 Nebraska ........: 9,810 9,830 182.0 187.0 185.0 1,785,420 1,818,550 New York ........: 545 520 158.0 167.0 166.0 86,110 86,320 : North Carolina ..: 930 940 111.0 117.0 117.0 103,230 109,980 North Dakota ....: 3,130 1,790 131.0 160.0 145.0 410,030 259,550 Ohio ............: 2,570 3,300 164.0 173.0 168.0 421,480 554,400 Oklahoma ........: 330 320 137.0 135.0 138.0 45,210 44,160 Pennsylvania ....: 1,060 1,000 153.0 157.0 152.0 162,180 152,000 South Carolina ..: 350 370 106.0 136.0 136.0 37,100 50,320 South Dakota ....: 3,870 4,560 144.0 165.0 165.0 557,280 752,400 Tennessee .......: 910 820 177.0 169.0 165.0 161,070 135,300 Texas ...........: 2,150 1,870 133.0 139.0 139.0 285,950 259,930 Virginia ........: 380 410 144.0 136.0 131.0 54,720 53,710 Washington ......: 90 105 237.0 240.0 240.0 21,330 25,200 Wisconsin .......: 2,670 2,900 166.0 186.0 184.0 443,220 533,600 : Other States 1/ .: 447 437 156.2 161.0 161.0 69,803 70,345 : United States ...: 81,337 82,527 167.5 178.4 175.8 13,619,928 14,506,795 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States include Arizona, Florida, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, West Virginia, and Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Crop Production 2020 Summary." Sorghum for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted November 1, 2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : : : : 2020 : : : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 :-----------------------: 2019 : 2020 : : : : October 1 :November 1 : : --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres --------- bushels --------- 1,000 bushels : Colorado ...........: 310 300 41.0 40.0 35.0 12,710 10,500 Kansas .............: 2,400 2,760 85.0 86.0 86.0 204,000 237,360 Nebraska ...........: 130 135 93.0 89.0 92.0 12,090 12,420 Oklahoma ...........: 260 255 51.0 42.0 38.0 13,260 9,690 South Dakota .......: 175 100 80.0 86.0 80.0 14,000 8,000 Texas ..............: 1,400 1,450 61.0 62.0 64.0 85,400 92,800 : United States ......: 4,675 5,000 73.0 74.1 74.2 341,460 370,770 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rice Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted November 1, 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2020 : : : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 :-------------------------: 2019 : 2020 : : : : October 1 : November 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ------------ pounds ----------- ---- 1,000 cwt --- : Arkansas .....: 1,126 1,441 7,480 7,500 7,500 84,257 108,075 California ...: 496 510 8,450 8,800 8,800 41,933 44,880 Louisiana ....: 414 474 6,380 6,800 6,800 26,408 32,232 Mississippi ..: 113 170 7,350 7,400 7,400 8,302 12,580 Missouri .....: 173 215 7,370 7,900 7,800 12,747 16,770 Texas ........: 150 181 7,350 6,400 6,400 11,028 11,584 : United States : 2,472 2,991 7,471 7,567 7,560 184,675 226,121 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes sweet rice production. Rice Production by Class - United States: 2019 and Forecasted November 1, 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Year : Long grain : Medium grain : Short grain 1/ : All : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 cwt : 2019 .......: 125,610 56,669 2,396 184,675 2020 2/ ....: 169,800 53,615 2,706 226,121 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Sweet rice production included with short grain. 2/ The 2020 rice production by class forecasts are based on class harvested acreage estimates and the 5-year average class yield compared to the all rice yield. Soybeans for Beans Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted November 1, 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2020 : : : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 :-----------------------: 2019 : 2020 : : : : October 1 :November 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres --------- bushels --------- -- 1,000 bushels -- : Alabama .........: 260 275 36.0 41.0 38.0 9,360 10,450 Arkansas ........: 2,610 2,780 49.0 49.0 50.0 127,890 139,000 Delaware ........: 153 148 47.0 47.0 47.0 7,191 6,956 Georgia .........: 86 93 29.0 39.0 43.0 2,494 3,999 Illinois ........: 9,860 10,250 54.0 60.0 58.0 532,440 594,500 Indiana .........: 5,360 5,680 51.0 60.0 58.0 273,360 329,440 Iowa ............: 9,120 9,320 55.0 56.0 54.0 501,600 503,280 Kansas ..........: 4,490 4,750 41.5 44.0 42.0 186,335 199,500 Kentucky ........: 1,690 1,840 46.0 55.0 55.0 77,740 101,200 Louisiana .......: 860 1,020 48.0 55.0 57.0 41,280 58,140 : Maryland ........: 475 485 44.0 48.0 47.0 20,900 22,795 Michigan ........: 1,720 2,190 40.5 48.0 48.0 69,660 105,120 Minnesota .......: 6,770 7,330 44.0 52.0 51.0 297,880 373,830 Mississippi .....: 1,630 2,060 50.0 53.0 54.0 81,500 111,240 Missouri ........: 5,010 5,780 46.0 50.0 49.0 230,460 283,220 Nebraska ........: 4,840 5,150 58.5 60.0 58.0 283,140 298,700 New Jersey ......: 92 93 37.0 39.0 39.0 3,404 3,627 New York ........: 225 300 48.0 50.0 50.0 10,800 15,000 North Carolina ..: 1,520 1,570 35.0 38.0 39.0 53,200 61,230 North Dakota ....: 5,400 5,700 31.5 34.0 33.0 170,100 188,100 : Ohio ............: 4,270 4,880 49.0 56.0 54.0 209,230 263,520 Oklahoma ........: 440 530 29.0 29.0 29.0 12,760 15,370 Pennsylvania ....: 610 605 49.0 49.0 49.0 29,890 29,645 South Carolina ..: 315 295 26.0 32.0 36.0 8,190 10,620 South Dakota ....: 3,440 4,900 42.5 48.0 47.0 146,200 230,300 Tennessee .......: 1,370 1,620 47.0 48.0 49.0 64,390 79,380 Texas ...........: 73 105 28.0 42.0 40.0 2,044 4,200 Virginia ........: 560 560 34.0 41.0 41.0 19,040 22,960 Wisconsin .......: 1,690 1,980 47.0 55.0 53.0 79,430 104,940 : United States ...: 74,939 82,289 47.4 51.9 50.7 3,551,908 4,170,262 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Peanut Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted November 1, 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2020 : : : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 :-----------------------: 2019 : 2020 : : : : October 1 :November 1 : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 acres -- ----------- pounds ---------- --- 1,000 pounds --- : Alabama ..........: 156.0 182.0 3,350 3,900 4,000 522,600 728,000 Arkansas .........: 33.0 39.0 5,200 4,900 4,900 171,600 191,100 Florida ..........: 155.0 165.0 3,800 4,000 3,700 589,000 610,500 Georgia ..........: 660.0 800.0 4,170 4,500 4,500 2,752,200 3,600,000 Mississippi ......: 19.0 22.0 4,000 4,500 4,500 76,000 99,000 New Mexico .......: 4.7 6.2 3,210 3,100 3,100 15,087 19,220 North Carolina ...: 102.0 105.0 4,400 4,300 4,100 448,800 430,500 Oklahoma .........: 14.0 15.0 4,000 3,600 3,600 56,000 54,000 South Carolina ...: 62.0 82.0 3,800 3,800 3,800 235,600 311,600 Texas ............: 160.0 180.0 3,050 2,700 2,700 488,000 486,000 Virginia .........: 24.0 27.0 4,650 4,200 4,200 111,600 113,400 : United States ....: 1,389.7 1,623.2 3,934 4,125 4,093 5,466,487 6,643,320 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cottonseed Production - United States: 2019 and Forecasted November 1, 2020 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : United States ...: 5,945.0 5,230.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Based on a 3-year average lint-seed ratio. Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted November 1, 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production 1/ :-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type and State : : : : 2020 : : : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 :-----------------------: 2019 : 2020 : : : : October 1 :November 1 : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :--- 1,000 acres -- ---------- pounds ---------- 1,000 bales 2/ : Upland : Alabama .........: 532.0 445.0 928 960 890 1,028.0 825.0 Arizona .........: 158.0 123.0 1,154 1,366 1,385 380.0 355.0 Arkansas ........: 610.0 520.0 1,185 1,200 1,200 1,506.0 1,300.0 California ......: 53.0 40.0 1,576 1,620 1,620 174.0 135.0 Florida .........: 110.0 98.0 895 833 759 205.0 155.0 Georgia .........: 1,380.0 1,190.0 953 968 968 2,740.0 2,400.0 Kansas ..........: 151.0 195.0 890 788 788 280.0 320.0 Louisiana .......: 270.0 165.0 1,035 1,047 1,164 582.0 400.0 Mississippi .....: 700.0 525.0 1,112 1,198 1,198 1,621.0 1,310.0 Missouri ........: 368.0 287.0 1,193 1,171 1,146 915.0 685.0 : New Mexico ......: 45.0 35.0 821 891 1,029 77.0 75.0 North Carolina ..: 500.0 340.0 998 833 819 1,040.0 580.0 Oklahoma ........: 460.0 460.0 688 762 803 659.0 770.0 South Carolina ..: 295.0 185.0 809 804 843 497.0 325.0 Tennessee .......: 405.0 275.0 1,138 1,065 1,117 960.0 640.0 Texas ...........: 5,250.0 3,850.0 578 761 761 6,320.0 6,100.0 Virginia ........: 102.0 79.0 1,144 972 972 243.0 160.0 : United States ...:11,389.0 8,812.0 810 899 901 19,227.0 16,535.0 : American Pima : Arizona .........: 7.5 6.5 800 1,108 1,108 12.5 15.0 California ......: 201.0 146.0 1,545 1,463 1,529 647.0 465.0 New Mexico ......: 5.0 10.8 864 1,111 889 9.0 20.0 Texas ...........: 10.0 30.0 816 960 912 17.0 57.0 : United States ...: 223.5 193.3 1,472 1,353 1,383 685.5 557.0 : All : Alabama .........: 532.0 445.0 928 960 890 1,028.0 825.0 Arizona .........: 165.5 129.5 1,138 1,353 1,371 392.5 370.0 Arkansas ........: 610.0 520.0 1,185 1,200 1,200 1,506.0 1,300.0 California ......: 254.0 186.0 1,551 1,497 1,548 821.0 600.0 Florida .........: 110.0 98.0 895 833 759 205.0 155.0 Georgia .........: 1,380.0 1,190.0 953 968 968 2,740.0 2,400.0 Kansas ..........: 151.0 195.0 890 788 788 280.0 320.0 Louisiana .......: 270.0 165.0 1,035 1,047 1,164 582.0 400.0 Mississippi .....: 700.0 525.0 1,112 1,198 1,198 1,621.0 1,310.0 Missouri ........: 368.0 287.0 1,193 1,171 1,146 915.0 685.0 : New Mexico ......: 50.0 45.8 826 943 996 86.0 95.0 North Carolina ..: 500.0 340.0 998 833 819 1,040.0 580.0 Oklahoma ........: 460.0 460.0 688 762 803 659.0 770.0 South Carolina ..: 295.0 185.0 809 804 843 497.0 325.0 Tennessee .......: 405.0 275.0 1,138 1,065 1,117 960.0 640.0 Texas ...........: 5,260.0 3,880.0 578 762 762 6,337.0 6,157.0 Virginia ........: 102.0 79.0 1,144 972 972 243.0 160.0 : United States ...:11,612.5 9,005.3 823 909 911 19,912.5 17,092.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production ginned and to be ginned. 2/ 480-pound net weight bale. Sugarbeet Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted November 1, 2020 [Relates to year of intended harvest in all States except California] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :--------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2020 : : : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 :-------------------------: 2019 : 2020 : : : : October 1 : November 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres ------------ tons ----------- -- 1,000 tons -- : California 1/ : 24.5 23.9 44.1 45.3 45.3 1,080 1,083 Colorado .....: 24.4 24.0 30.7 32.9 32.6 749 782 Idaho ........: 165.0 172.0 39.0 40.2 40.2 6,435 6,914 Michigan .....: 145.0 154.0 28.6 29.2 28.3 4,147 4,358 Minnesota ....: 336.0 425.0 25.0 28.4 26.1 8,400 11,093 Montana ......: 36.5 43.3 31.6 33.5 33.0 1,153 1,429 Nebraska .....: 42.1 45.8 25.4 30.6 32.3 1,069 1,479 North Dakota .: 170.0 219.0 26.0 28.4 24.8 4,420 5,431 Oregon .......: 9.8 9.4 38.5 40.2 40.2 377 378 Washington ...: 2.0 1.9 45.4 47.5 47.5 91 90 Wyoming ......: 24.0 30.2 28.3 30.5 30.5 679 921 : United States : 979.3 1,148.5 29.2 31.2 29.6 28,600 33,958 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Relates to year of planting for overwintered beets in southern California. Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted November 1, 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area harvested : Yield per acre 1/ : Production 1/ :--------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2020 : : : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 :-------------------------: 2019 : 2020 : : : : October 1 : November 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres ------------ tons ----------- -- 1,000 tons -- : Florida ......: 410.7 413.0 43.0 43.9 43.9 17,644 18,131 Louisiana ....: 469.0 484.0 28.1 30.5 29.8 13,161 14,423 Texas ........: 33.5 35.6 33.8 33.7 34.5 1,132 1,228 : United States : 913.2 932.6 35.0 36.6 36.2 31,937 33,782 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Net tons. Potato Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2019 and 2020 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : California .........: 40.5 34.0 40.1 33.4 Colorado ...........: 51.3 54.0 51.0 53.8 San Luis Valley 2/ : 48.6 (NA) 48.4 (NA) All other areas 2/ : 2.7 (NA) 2.6 (NA) Florida ............: 26.0 22.0 25.3 21.8 Idaho ..............: 310.0 300.0 308.0 300.0 Maine ..............: 52.0 51.0 51.5 50.5 Michigan ...........: 50.0 48.0 48.5 47.0 Minnesota ..........: 46.0 42.0 43.0 41.5 Nebraska ...........: 20.5 19.0 20.2 18.7 : North Dakota .......: 73.0 72.0 58.0 70.5 Oregon .............: 43.0 45.0 42.9 45.0 Texas ..............: 15.0 11.0 14.8 10.5 Washington .........: 165.0 155.0 164.0 154.0 Wisconsin ..........: 71.0 70.0 70.0 69.0 : United States ......: 963.3 923.0 937.3 915.7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Forecasted. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2020. Potato Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted November 1, 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- 1,000 acres -- ----- cwt ----- ---- 1,000 cwt ---- : California .........: 40.1 33.4 420 410 16,842 13,694 Colorado ...........: 51.0 53.8 386 425 19,666 22,865 San Luis Valley 1/ : 48.4 (NA) 380 (NA) 18,392 (NA) All other areas 1/ : 2.6 (NA) 490 (NA) 1,274 (NA) Florida ............: 25.3 21.8 275 250 6,958 5,450 Idaho ..............: 308.0 300.0 425 455 130,900 136,500 Maine ..............: 51.5 50.5 325 265 16,738 13,383 Michigan ...........: 48.5 47.0 420 370 20,370 17,390 Minnesota ..........: 43.0 41.5 415 420 17,845 17,430 Nebraska ...........: 20.2 18.7 475 490 9,595 9,163 : North Dakota .......: 58.0 70.5 335 325 19,430 22,913 Oregon .............: 42.9 45.0 590 620 25,311 27,900 Texas ..............: 14.8 10.5 480 405 7,104 4,253 Washington .........: 164.0 154.0 640 625 104,960 96,250 Wisconsin ..........: 70.0 69.0 410 410 28,700 28,290 : United States ......: 937.3 915.7 453 454 424,419 415,481 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2020. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2019 and 2020 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2020 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 2,772 2,621 2,221 2,133 Corn for grain 1/ ......................: 89,745 90,978 81,337 82,527 Corn for silage ........................: (NA) 6,615 Hay, all ...............................: (NA) (NA) 52,425 52,381 Alfalfa ..............................: (NA) (NA) 16,743 16,352 All other ............................: (NA) (NA) 35,682 36,029 Oats ...................................: 2,830 2,984 828 1,004 Proso millet ...........................: 506 511 465 Rice ...................................: 2,540 3,037 2,472 2,991 Rye ....................................: 1,855 1,955 310 330 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...................: 5,265 5,790 4,675 5,000 Sorghum for silage .....................: (NA) 339 Wheat, all .............................: 45,485 44,349 37,394 36,746 Winter ...............................: 31,474 30,415 24,592 23,024 Durum ................................: 1,341 1,684 1,177 1,662 Other spring .........................: 12,670 12,250 11,625 12,060 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2,040.0 1,852.0 1,909.5 1,812.0 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed ...............................: 374 355 319 328 Mustard seed ...........................: 98.0 98.0 90.0 93.0 Peanuts ................................: 1,432.7 1,665.2 1,389.7 1,623.2 Rapeseed ...............................: 11.3 12.5 10.4 11.8 Safflower ..............................: 165.8 145.0 152.7 137.5 Soybeans for beans .....................: 76,100 83,105 74,939 82,289 Sunflower ..............................: 1,350.6 1,698.5 1,253.5 1,622.5 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all ............................: 13,735.7 12,115.5 11,612.5 9,005.3 Upland ...............................: 13,507.0 11,915.0 11,389.0 8,812.0 American Pima ........................: 228.7 200.5 223.5 193.3 Sugarbeets .............................: 1,132.0 1,165.2 979.3 1,148.5 Sugarcane ..............................: (NA) (NA) 913.2 932.6 Tobacco ................................: (NA) (NA) 227.1 195.5 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 451.4 254.0 404.0 249.2 Dry edible beans .......................: 1,287.4 1,743.0 1,176.5 1,683.0 Dry edible peas ........................: 1,103.0 999.0 1,052.0 949.0 Lentils ................................: 486.0 518.0 431.0 486.0 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: (NA) (NA) 56.5 59.2 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .........................: (NA) 52.4 Potatoes ...............................: 963.3 923.0 937.3 915.7 Spearmint oil ..........................: (NA) 18.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2019 and 2020 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2020 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per acre : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : --------- 1,000 -------- : Grains and hay : Barley ..........................bushels: 77.7 77.5 172,499 165,324 Corn for grain ..................bushels: 167.5 175.8 13,619,928 14,506,795 Corn for silage ....................tons: 20.2 133,522 Hay, all ...........................tons: 2.46 2.44 128,864 127,678 Alfalfa ..........................tons: 3.28 3.22 54,875 52,625 All other ........................tons: 2.07 2.08 73,989 75,053 Oats ............................bushels: 64.3 65.1 53,258 65,355 Proso millet ....................bushels: 35.7 16,608 Rice 2/ .............................cwt: 7,471 7,560 184,675 226,121 Rye .............................bushels: 34.3 34.9 10,622 11,532 Sorghum for grain ...............bushels: 73.0 74.2 341,460 370,770 Sorghum for silage .................tons: 11.9 4,019 Wheat, all ......................bushels: 51.7 49.7 1,932,017 1,825,820 Winter ........................bushels: 53.6 50.9 1,316,963 1,171,022 Durum .........................bushels: 45.8 41.4 53,959 68,808 Other spring ..................bushels: 48.3 48.6 561,095 585,990 : Oilseeds : Canola ...........................pounds: 1,781 1,759 3,400,865 3,186,670 Cottonseed .........................tons: (X) (X) 5,945.0 5,230.0 Flaxseed ........................bushels: 20.0 6,395 Mustard seed .....................pounds: 706 63,580 Peanuts ..........................pounds: 3,934 4,093 5,466,487 6,643,320 Rapeseed .........................pounds: 2,160 22,464 Safflower ........................pounds: 1,272 194,295 Soybeans for beans ..............bushels: 47.4 50.7 3,551,908 4,170,262 Sunflower ........................pounds: 1,560 1,730 1,956,035 2,807,115 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ ....................bales: 823 911 19,912.5 17,092.0 Upland 2/ .......................bales: 810 901 19,227.0 16,535.0 American Pima 2/ ................bales: 1,472 1,383 685.5 557.0 Sugarbeets .........................tons: 29.2 29.6 28,600 33,958 Sugarcane ..........................tons: 35.0 36.2 31,937 33,782 Tobacco ..........................pounds: 2,060 1,983 467,956 387,585 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas 2/ ........................cwt: 1,544 1,561 6,237 3,889 Dry edible beans 2/ .................cwt: 1,769 2,079 20,811 34,984 Dry edible peas 2/ ..................cwt: 2,124 1,953 22,346 18,534 Lentils 2/ ..........................cwt: 1,250 1,338 5,388 6,504 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops .............................pounds: 1,981 1,982 112,041.2 117,229.0 Maple syrup .....................gallons: (NA) (NA) 4,180 4,372 Mushrooms ........................pounds: (NA) (NA) 831,724 816,367 Peppermint oil ...................pounds: 104 5,452 Potatoes ............................cwt: 453 454 424,419 415,481 Spearmint oil ....................pounds: 130 2,413 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Yield in pounds. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2019 and 2020 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2020 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 1,121,800 1,060,690 898,820 863,200 Corn for grain 1/ ..............: 36,318,900 36,817,890 32,916,270 33,397,850 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 2,677,020 Hay, all 2/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 21,215,870 21,198,070 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) (NA) 6,775,720 6,617,490 All other ....................: (NA) (NA) 14,440,150 14,580,580 Oats ...........................: 1,145,270 1,207,590 335,080 406,310 Proso millet ...................: 204,770 206,800 188,180 Rice ...........................: 1,027,910 1,229,040 1,000,390 1,210,430 Rye ............................: 750,700 791,170 125,450 133,550 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 2,130,690 2,343,160 1,891,930 2,023,450 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 137,190 Wheat, all 2/ ..................: 18,407,320 17,947,600 15,132,980 14,870,740 Winter .......................: 12,737,210 12,308,650 9,952,140 9,317,580 Durum ........................: 542,690 681,500 476,320 672,590 Other spring .................: 5,127,420 4,957,450 4,704,520 4,880,560 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 825,570 749,490 772,760 733,300 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 151,350 143,660 129,100 132,740 Mustard seed ...................: 39,660 39,660 36,420 37,640 Peanuts ........................: 579,800 673,890 562,400 656,890 Rapeseed .......................: 4,570 5,060 4,210 4,780 Safflower ......................: 67,100 58,680 61,800 55,640 Soybeans for beans .............: 30,796,910 33,631,760 30,327,060 33,301,540 Sunflower ......................: 546,570 687,370 507,280 656,610 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 2/ .................: 5,558,700 4,903,020 4,699,460 3,644,350 Upland .......................: 5,466,150 4,821,880 4,609,010 3,566,130 American Pima ................: 92,550 81,140 90,450 78,230 Sugarbeets .....................: 458,110 471,540 396,310 464,790 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) (NA) 369,560 377,410 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) 91,910 79,100 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ......................: 182,680 102,790 163,490 100,850 Dry edible beans ...............: 521,000 705,370 476,120 681,090 Dry edible peas ................: 446,370 404,290 425,730 384,050 Lentils ........................: 196,680 209,630 174,420 196,680 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...........................: (NA) (NA) 22,880 23,940 Maple syrup ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ......................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 21,210 Potatoes .......................: 389,840 373,530 379,320 370,570 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 7,490 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2019 and 2020 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2020 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : metric tons : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 4.18 4.17 3,755,720 3,599,510 Corn for grain .........................: 10.51 11.03 345,962,110 368,489,570 Corn for silage ........................: 45.25 121,129,120 Hay, all 2/ ............................: 5.51 5.46 116,903,450 115,827,530 Alfalfa ..............................: 7.35 7.21 49,781,760 47,740,600 All other ............................: 4.65 4.67 67,121,690 68,086,940 Oats ...................................: 2.31 2.33 773,040 948,630 Proso millet ...........................: 2.00 376,660 Rice ...................................: 8.37 8.47 8,376,720 10,256,680 Rye ....................................: 2.15 2.19 269,810 292,930 Sorghum for grain ......................: 4.58 4.65 8,673,480 9,417,990 Sorghum for silage .....................: 26.58 3,645,980 Wheat, all 2/ ..........................: 3.47 3.34 52,580,890 49,690,680 Winter ...............................: 3.60 3.42 35,841,860 31,870,000 Durum ................................: 3.08 2.78 1,468,520 1,872,650 Other spring .........................: 3.25 3.27 15,270,500 15,948,030 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2.00 1.97 1,542,610 1,445,450 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) 5,393,210 4,744,580 Flaxseed ...............................: 1.26 162,440 Mustard seed ...........................: 0.79 28,840 Peanuts ................................: 4.41 4.59 2,479,560 3,013,360 Rapeseed ...............................: 2.42 10,190 Safflower ..............................: 1.43 88,130 Soybeans for beans .....................: 3.19 3.41 96,667,090 113,495,930 Sunflower ..............................: 1.75 1.94 887,240 1,273,290 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ .........................: 0.92 1.02 4,335,440 3,721,340 Upland ...............................: 0.91 1.01 4,186,190 3,600,070 American Pima ........................: 1.65 1.55 149,250 121,270 Sugarbeets .............................: 65.47 66.28 25,945,480 30,806,180 Sugarcane ..............................: 78.40 81.20 28,972,760 30,646,510 Tobacco ................................: 2.31 2.22 212,260 175,810 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 1.73 1.75 282,910 176,400 Dry edible beans .......................: 1.98 2.33 943,970 1,586,850 Dry edible peas ........................: 2.38 2.19 1,013,600 840,690 Lentils ................................: 1.40 1.50 244,400 295,020 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: 2.22 2.22 50,820 53,170 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) 20,900 21,860 Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) 377,260 370,300 Peppermint oil .........................: 0.12 2,470 Potatoes ...............................: 50.75 50.86 19,251,320 18,845,900 Spearmint oil ..........................: 0.15 1,090 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2020 and 2021 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2021 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2020-2021 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2020 : 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ......................1,000 tons: 535 539 Lemons ..........................1,000 tons: 1,100 932 Oranges .........................1,000 tons: 5,217 4,649 Tangerines and mandarins ........1,000 tons: 928 972 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ..........million pounds: 10,650.0 Apricots ..............................tons: 34,800 Avocados ..............................tons: Blueberries, Cultivated .......1,000 pounds: Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .....1,000 pounds: Cherries, Sweet .......................tons: 334,000 Cherries, Tart ..............million pounds: 197.0 Coffee (Hawaii) ...............1,000 pounds: Cranberries .........................barrel: 8,970,000 : Dates .................................tons: Grapes ................................tons: 7,180,000 Kiwifruit (California) ................tons: Nectarines (California) ...............tons: Olives (California) ...................tons: Papayas (Hawaii) ..............1,000 pounds: Peaches ...............................tons: 645,500 Pears .................................tons: 800,000 Plums (California) ....................tons: Prunes (California) ...................tons: Raspberries, all .............1,000 pounds: Strawberries .....................1,000 cwt: : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .1,000 pounds: 3,000,000 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..........tons: 71,000 Macadamias (Hawaii) ...........1,000 pounds: Pecans, in-shell ..............1,000 pounds: 292,000 Pistachios (California) .......1,000 pounds: Walnuts, in-shell (California) ........tons: 780,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2020 and 2021 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2021 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2020-2021 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2020 : 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ................................: 485,340 488,970 Lemons ....................................: 997,900 845,500 Oranges ...................................: 4,732,780 4,217,500 Tangerines and mandarins ..................: 841,870 881,780 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ........................: 4,830,760 Apricots ..................................: 31,570 Avocados ..................................: Blueberries, Cultivated ...................: Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .................: Cherries, Sweet ...........................: 303,000 Cherries, Tart ............................: 89,360 Coffee (Hawaii) ...........................: Cranberries ...............................: 406,870 : Dates .....................................: Grapes ....................................: 6,513,590 Kiwifruit (California) ....................: Nectarines (California) ...................: Olives (California) .......................: Papayas (Hawaii) ..........................: Peaches ...................................: 585,590 Pears .....................................: 725,750 Plums (California) ........................: Prunes (California) .......................: Raspberries, all ..........................: Strawberries ..............................: : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .............: 1,360,780 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..............: 64,410 Macadamias (Hawaii) .......................: Pecans, in-shell ..........................: 132,450 Pistachios (California) ...................: Walnuts, in-shell (California) ............: 707,600 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. Corn for Grain Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 10 corn-producing States during 2020. Randomly selected plots in corn for grain fields are visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in these tables are rounded actual field counts from this survey. Corn for Grain Plant Population per Acre - Selected States: 2016-2020 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : :: State : : : : : and month : 2016 : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 :: and month : 2016 : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number :: : number : :: : Illinois : :: Nebraska : September .....: 31,100 30,800 32,000 31,100 30,600 :: All corn : October .......: 31,100 30,900 32,000 30,950 30,400 :: September ....: 25,900 25,950 27,100 25,850 27,450 November ......: 31,100 30,950 32,000 30,900 30,400 :: October ......: 25,950 25,800 26,750 25,850 27,450 Final .........: 31,100 30,950 32,000 30,900 :: November .....: 26,000 25,700 26,750 25,700 27,400 : :: Final ........: 26,000 25,700 26,750 25,700 Indiana : :: : September .....: 30,200 29,550 30,450 29,300 29,850 :: Irrigated : October .......: 29,950 29,350 30,400 29,050 29,800 :: September ....: 28,200 29,050 30,300 28,300 29,950 November ......: 29,800 29,200 30,400 29,000 29,850 :: October ......: 28,200 29,000 29,900 28,350 30,100 Final .........: 29,800 29,200 30,400 28,950 :: November .....: 28,300 28,750 29,900 28,300 30,100 : :: Final ........: 28,300 28,750 29,900 28,300 Iowa : :: : September .....: 31,250 31,300 31,350 30,850 31,050 :: Non-irrigated : October .......: 31,050 31,150 31,150 30,800 31,000 :: September ....: 22,900 22,500 23,350 23,300 24,950 November ......: 31,050 31,150 31,100 30,750 31,050 :: October ......: 23,000 22,200 23,100 23,250 24,750 Final .........: 31,050 31,150 31,100 30,750 :: November .....: 23,000 22,250 23,150 23,000 24,700 : :: Final ........: 23,000 22,250 23,150 23,000 Kansas : :: : September .....: 22,550 22,050 22,600 21,350 21,700 :: Ohio : October .......: 22,550 22,100 22,450 21,200 21,650 :: September .....: 30,250 29,250 30,550 30,050 29,800 November ......: 22,550 22,300 22,450 21,200 21,650 :: October .......: 30,100 29,150 30,400 30,100 29,900 Final .........: 22,550 22,300 22,450 21,200 :: November ......: 30,250 29,100 30,400 30,000 29,900 : :: Final .........: 30,250 29,100 30,400 30,000 Minnesota : :: : September .....: 30,800 30,750 30,950 30,700 31,750 :: South Dakota : October .......: 30,700 30,550 30,900 30,650 31,800 :: September .....: 26,200 26,250 27,000 26,400 25,450 November ......: 30,550 30,600 30,900 30,550 31,800 :: October .......: 26,100 26,200 26,750 26,100 25,400 Final .........: 30,550 30,600 30,900 30,650 :: November ......: 26,000 26,200 27,000 26,000 25,550 : :: Final .........: 26,000 26,200 27,000 25,900 Missouri : :: : September .....: 27,300 27,850 28,500 28,200 28,200 :: Wisconsin : October .......: 27,750 27,850 28,400 27,500 28,150 :: September .....: 30,100 29,450 31,000 30,250 30,300 November ......: 27,800 27,950 28,400 27,600 28,200 :: October .......: 29,900 29,100 30,600 30,150 30,400 Final .........: 27,800 27,950 28,400 27,600 :: November ......: 29,800 29,150 30,650 29,750 30,300 : :: Final .........: 29,800 29,100 30,650 29,850 : :: : : :: 10 State : : :: September .....: 29,050 28,800 29,500 28,650 29,000 : :: October .......: 28,950 28,700 29,350 28,500 28,950 : :: November ......: 28,950 28,700 29,400 28,450 28,950 : :: Final .........: 28,950 28,700 29,350 28,450 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Corn for Grain Number of Ears per Acre - Selected States: 2016-2020 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : :: State : : : : : and month : 2016 : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 :: and month : 2016 : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number :: : number : :: : Illinois : :: Nebraska : September .....: 30,350 30,200 31,550 30,300 29,900 :: All corn : October .......: 30,450 30,300 31,500 30,300 29,800 :: September ....: 25,700 25,800 27,100 25,850 26,800 November ......: 30,450 30,250 31,500 30,150 29,800 :: October ......: 25,350 26,050 26,750 25,950 26,850 Final .........: 30,450 30,250 31,500 30,150 :: November .....: 25,400 25,950 26,800 25,700 26,750 : :: Final ........: 25,400 25,950 26,800 25,700 Indiana : :: : September .....: 29,600 28,900 30,000 28,900 29,600 :: Irrigated : October .......: 29,400 29,100 29,800 28,700 29,600 :: September ....: 27,850 28,650 29,950 28,200 28,900 November ......: 29,250 28,850 29,750 28,650 29,600 :: October ......: 27,500 28,950 29,350 28,150 28,850 Final .........: 29,250 28,850 29,750 28,600 :: November .....: 27,550 28,750 29,300 28,000 28,800 : :: Final ........: 27,550 28,750 29,300 28,000 Iowa : :: : September .....: 30,550 30,600 31,150 30,250 30,600 :: Non-irrigated : October .......: 30,400 30,600 30,900 30,200 30,450 :: September ....: 22,850 22,600 23,850 23,500 24,650 November ......: 30,500 30,600 30,800 30,100 30,550 :: October ......: 22,550 22,800 23,650 23,700 24,800 Final .........: 30,500 30,600 30,800 30,100 :: November .....: 22,550 22,900 23,850 23,400 24,700 : :: Final ........: 22,550 22,900 23,850 23,400 Kansas : :: : September .....: 22,650 22,800 22,350 21,550 22,050 :: Ohio : October .......: 22,450 22,600 21,650 22,250 21,250 :: September .....: 29,750 29,500 30,750 29,850 29,350 November ......: 22,450 22,650 21,700 22,200 21,250 :: October .......: 29,200 29,250 30,300 29,750 29,700 Final .........: 22,450 22,650 21,700 22,200 :: November ......: 29,600 29,150 30,300 29,550 29,700 : :: Final .........: 29,600 29,150 30,300 29,550 Minnesota : :: : September .....: 30,550 30,750 30,850 30,050 31,750 :: South Dakota : October .......: 30,350 30,850 30,850 29,800 31,850 :: September .....: 25,650 26,250 28,100 26,450 25,550 November ......: 30,250 30,850 30,800 29,650 31,850 :: October .......: 25,350 26,150 27,750 25,300 25,550 Final .........: 30,250 30,600 30,800 29,700 :: November ......: 25,450 26,200 27,950 25,000 25,700 : :: Final .........: 25,450 25,850 28,050 24,900 Missouri : :: : September .....: 26,900 27,750 27,400 26,950 27,650 :: Wisconsin : October .......: 27,150 27,800 27,300 26,950 27,600 :: September .....: 29,300 28,950 30,700 29,850 30,050 November ......: 27,150 27,850 27,300 27,100 27,650 :: October .......: 28,900 28,800 30,450 30,250 30,400 Final .........: 27,150 27,850 27,300 27,100 :: November ......: 28,750 28,600 30,450 29,850 30,350 : :: Final .........: 28,750 28,550 30,450 29,950 : :: : : :: 10-State : : :: September .....: 28,550 28,550 29,350 28,200 28,650 : :: October .......: 28,350 28,550 29,100 28,200 28,600 : :: November ......: 28,400 28,500 29,100 28,050 28,600 : :: Final .........: 28,400 28,450 29,100 28,050 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Corn Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2016-2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : October : November Year :----------------------------------------------------------- :Dent stage 1/ : Mature 2/ :Dent stage 1/ : Mature 2/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : 2016 ..........: 17 73 (Z) 96 2017 ..........: 41 51 (Z) 96 2018 ..........: 13 80 (Z) 96 2019 ..........: 49 29 1 94 2020 ..........: 25 68 (Z) 96 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ Includes corn in the dent stage of development. Ears are firm and solid. Kernels fully dented with no milk present in most kernels. 2/ Includes that portion of the crop that is mature and ready for harvest. No green foliage is present. Corn for Grain Percentage Distribution by Plant Population Per Acre - Selected States: 2016-2020 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Plant populations State and year :----------------------------------------------------------- :Less than: 20,000- : 22,501- : 25,001- : 27,501- :More than : 20,000 : 22,500 : 25,000 : 27,500 : 30,000 : 30,000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent : Illinois ...............2016: 0.9 0.5 4.3 11.8 18.0 64.5 2017: 0.5 1.4 3.8 11.5 20.6 62.2 2018: - 0.9 1.4 6.6 15.6 75.5 2019: 0.9 2.8 3.7 9.3 18.7 64.6 2020: 0.6 1.9 5.8 13.5 16.0 62.2 : Indiana ................2016: 1.7 1.7 8.3 11.6 19.8 56.9 2017: 5.7 4.9 6.5 13.0 21.1 48.8 2018: 1.5 0.8 2.3 10.7 27.5 57.2 2019: 5.6 5.6 5.6 11.1 24.1 48.0 2020: 1.3 3.8 5.1 12.8 19.2 57.8 : Iowa ...................2016: 0.4 1.8 2.2 8.9 22.7 64.0 2017: 1.3 3.4 2.1 5.9 13.5 73.8 2018: 0.4 1.7 3.3 6.3 19.2 69.1 2019: 0.8 0.8 3.8 9.0 21.1 64.5 2020: - - 4.3 9.4 21.7 64.6 : Kansas .................2016: 27.9 14.8 19.4 12.0 17.6 8.3 2017: 24.3 21.2 17.2 21.2 12.1 4.0 2018: 33.0 12.4 12.4 14.4 7.2 20.6 2019: 39.9 8.0 12.0 14.7 14.7 10.7 2020: 30.1 14.5 12.7 13.6 16.4 12.7 : Minnesota ..............2016: 0.8 3.0 4.5 11.4 21.2 59.1 2017: 2.8 4.7 5.6 7.5 12.1 67.3 2018: - 1.7 8.7 6.1 13.9 69.6 2019: 1.4 4.2 8.3 2.8 25.0 58.3 2020: - 0.8 2.3 3.8 19.5 73.6 : Missouri ...............2016: 3.0 6.0 14.0 28.0 23.0 26.0 2017: 1.9 1.0 15.5 26.2 26.2 29.2 2018: 2.2 6.5 8.6 20.4 28.0 34.3 2019: 2.8 8.3 16.7 22.2 16.7 33.3 2020: 2.8 0.9 11.0 22.0 33.0 30.3 : Nebraska ...............2016: 9.6 10.1 16.3 20.2 19.7 24.1 2017: 16.8 6.3 12.6 19.4 17.8 27.1 2018: 12.0 4.9 7.1 16.4 25.1 34.5 2019: 15.1 12.3 12.3 17.9 19.8 22.6 2020: 10.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 23.0 39.8 : Ohio ...................2016: 1.9 2.9 1.0 9.6 26.9 57.7 2017: 2.7 4.4 7.1 15.0 25.7 45.1 2018: 1.0 3.9 3.9 7.8 23.5 59.9 2019: - 4.3 4.3 12.8 19.1 59.5 2020: - - 14.4 13.6 25.4 46.6 : South Dakota ...........2016: 13.2 5.3 17.1 26.3 18.4 19.7 2017: 8.1 13.5 16.2 16.2 25.7 20.3 2018: 7.4 12.6 11.6 18.9 21.1 28.4 2019: 9.3 7.0 23.3 23.3 30.1 7.0 2020: 13.7 9.6 21.9 21.9 13.7 19.2 : Wisconsin ..............2016: 2.4 4.9 3.7 11.0 18.3 59.7 2017: 4.0 2.7 6.7 20.0 21.3 45.3 2018: 2.0 2.0 - 7.9 19.8 68.3 2019: - - 9.4 15.6 25.0 50.0 2020: 1.4 1.4 8.1 6.8 23.0 59.3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. Corn for Grain Frequency of Farmer Reported Row Widths - Selected States: 2016-2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Row width (inches) State and year :--------------------------------------------------------------- : Less than : : : : More than : 30 : 30 : 36 : 38 : 38 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Illinois ...............2016: 6 218 - 1 - 2017: 6 210 4 1 - 2018: 9 211 - - - 2019: 2 110 1 - - 2020: 8 148 2 - - : Indiana ................2016: 8 118 1 1 1 2017: 7 117 - - - 2018: 9 126 1 1 - 2019: 4 53 1 - - 2020: 2 79 1 - - : Iowa ...................2016: 12 213 4 4 - 2017: 2 236 3 3 - 2018: 12 234 2 1 - 2019: 3 136 - 1 - 2020: 9 140 5 3 - : Kansas .................2016: 8 105 - - - 2017: 2 106 2 - - 2018: 10 91 - - - 2019: 9 70 - - - 2020: 2 110 - - - : Minnesota ..............2016: 27 113 2 - - 2017: 27 89 2 - - 2018: 21 97 3 2 - 2019: 15 63 3 1 - 2020: 25 109 - 1 - : Missouri ...............2016: 5 96 1 2 - 2017: 3 101 5 2 - 2018: 5 90 1 2 1 2019: 5 30 1 2 - 2020: 7 99 - 5 - : Nebraska ...............2016: 162 23 - - 2017: 2 169 23 2 - 2018: 6 160 25 - - 2019: 3 98 15 - - 2020: 2 138 15 - - : Ohio ...................2016: 4 105 - 1 - 2017: 2 109 1 1 - 2018: 3 100 - - - 2019: 2 45 1 - - 2020: 5 113 - - - : South Dakota ...........2016: 5 71 4 1 2 2017: 6 75 1 1 - 2018: 8 92 2 2 - 2019: 5 45 - 1 - 2020: 11 62 2 2 - : Wisconsin ..............2016: 2 84 2 2 - 2017: 4 83 5 1 - 2018: 4 108 4 2 - 2019: 1 39 - - - 2020: 3 78 1 2 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. Corn for Grain Percentage Distribution by Measured Row Width and Average Row Width - Selected States: 2016-2020 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Row width (inches) : State and year :Samples :-----------------------------------------------:Average : : 20.5 : 20.6- :30.6- :34.6- : 36.6- :38.6 or : row : :or less : 30.5 : 34.5 : 36.5 : 38.5 :greater : width ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number ----------------- percent ---------------- inches : Illinois ...............2016: 211 2.4 87.6 9.5 - - 0.5 29.8 2017: 209 1.4 85.1 12.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 30.1 2018: 212 1.9 87.7 10.4 - - - 29.9 2019: 107 - 83.2 15.9 0.9 - - 30.2 2020: 156 2.6 85.2 10.9 - 1.3 - 29.8 : Indiana ................2016: 121 3.3 72.7 22.3 1.7 - - 29.8 2017: 123 2.4 78.9 17.9 0.8 - - 29.8 2018: 131 6.1 71.7 19.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 29.8 2019: 54 1.9 77.7 18.5 - 1.9 - 30.2 2020: 78 1.3 80.7 16.7 - 1.3 - 30.2 : Iowa ...................2016: 225 2.2 76.9 19.1 0.9 0.9 - 30.0 2017: 237 0.8 76.4 19.0 0.4 3.0 0.4 30.4 2018: 239 3.8 77.4 17.2 0.8 0.8 - 29.9 2019: 133 1.5 78.1 18.8 0.8 0.8 - 30.0 2020: 138 2.9 79.7 11.6 2.9 2.9 - 30.1 : Kansas .................2016: 108 4.6 85.2 10.2 - - - 29.6 2017: 99 2.0 75.8 21.2 - - 1.0 30.1 2018: 97 3.1 76.3 20.6 - - - 29.7 2019: 75 4.0 81.3 14.7 - - - 29.9 2020: 110 1.8 78.2 20.0 - - - 29.7 : Minnesota ..............2016: 132 2.3 78.0 17.4 0.8 1.5 - 28.8 2017: 107 4.7 81.4 8.4 0.9 3.7 0.9 28.9 2018: 115 1.7 82.6 11.3 2.6 0.9 0.9 29.3 2019: 72 5.6 72.1 18.1 4.2 - - 29.0 2020: 133 - 84.9 14.3 - - 0.8 28.9 : Missouri ...............2016: 100 1.0 76.0 20.0 1.0 2.0 - 30.0 2017: 103 1.9 66.1 25.2 3.9 1.0 1.9 30.4 2018: 93 1.1 76.2 18.3 2.2 1.1 1.1 30.1 2019: 36 2.8 74.9 13.9 2.8 5.6 - 30.2 2020: 109 5.5 80.7 11.0 - 2.8 - 29.6 : Nebraska ...............2016: 178 - 65.2 20.2 9.0 4.5 1.1 31.2 2017: 191 - 70.7 15.7 9.4 4.2 - 31.0 2018: 183 1.6 65.6 15.3 12.6 4.9 - 31.2 2019: 106 1.9 71.7 14.2 11.3 0.9 - 30.8 2020: 148 - 67.6 23.0 7.4 2.0 - 30.8 : Ohio ...................2016: 104 4.8 81.7 10.6 1.9 1.0 - 29.8 2017: 113 0.9 83.2 15.0 0.9 - - 30.0 2018: 102 2.9 79.5 17.6 - - - 29.9 2019: 47 4.3 87.2 6.4 2.1 - - 29.8 2020: 118 1.7 88.1 10.2 - - - 29.9 : South Dakota ...........2016: 76 2.6 64.6 26.3 3.9 1.3 1.3 30.4 2017: 74 8.1 62.1 28.4 - 1.4 - 29.6 2018: 95 5.3 69.4 20.0 2.1 2.1 1.1 30.0 2019: 43 4.7 67.4 25.6 - 2.3 - 30.0 2020: 73 5.5 72.6 15.1 2.7 1.4 2.7 29.8 : Wisconsin ..............2016: 82 1.2 72.0 22.0 1.2 1.2 2.4 30.5 2017: 75 1.3 61.5 29.3 5.3 1.3 1.3 30.6 2018: 101 0.0 75.2 21.8 - 3.0 - 30.2 2019: 32 3.1 84.4 12.5 - - - 29.6 2020: 74 - 75.6 18.9 2.7 1.4 1.4 30.4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. Cotton Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in four cotton-producing States during 2020. Randomly selected plots in cotton fields are visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey. Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts - Selected States: 2016-2020 [Includes small bolls (less than one inch in diameter), large unopened bolls (at least one inch in diameter), open bolls, partially opened bolls, and burrs per 40 feet of row. November, December, and Final exclude small bolls. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : State and month : 2016 : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Arkansas : September ..........: 800 911 891 900 994 October ............: 769 839 910 896 849 November ...........: 779 825 892 925 820 December ...........: 779 825 892 900 Final ..............: 779 825 892 900 : Georgia : September ..........: 562 593 605 598 606 October ............: 668 608 737 783 747 November ...........: 719 680 712 790 761 December ...........: 725 684 719 799 Final ..............: 725 684 713 803 : Louisiana 1/ : September ..........: 654 648 759 (NA) (NA) October ............: 760 667 734 (NA) (NA) November ...........: 784 665 739 (NA) (NA) December ...........: 784 665 739 (NA) Final ..............: 784 665 739 (NA) : Mississippi : September ..........: 953 904 871 944 900 October ............: 942 810 895 895 867 November ...........: 974 804 846 904 877 December ...........: 974 797 846 901 Final ..............: 974 797 846 901 : North Carolina 1/ : September ..........: 558 637 601 (NA) (NA) October ............: 599 705 641 (NA) (NA) November ...........: 660 769 714 (NA) (NA) December ...........: 660 769 719 (NA) Final ..............: 660 769 719 (NA) : Texas : September ..........: 467 592 570 458 576 October ............: 474 602 576 438 581 November ...........: 528 603 553 456 595 December ...........: 547 615 583 459 Final ..............: 546 614 582 461 : 4-State 2/ : September ..........: 532 633 627 551 645 October ............: 604 635 661 562 661 November ...........: 604 649 640 579 671 December ...........: 618 656 659 580 Final ..............: 618 656 657 593 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Objective yield survey discontinued in 2019. 2/ 6-State total prior to 2019. Soybean Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 11 soybean-producing States during 2020. Randomly selected plots in soybean fields are visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in these tables are actual field counts from this survey. Soybean Pods with Beans per 18 Square Feet - Selected States: 2016-2020 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : :: State : : : : : and month : 2016 : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 :: and month : 2016 : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number :: : number : :: : Arkansas : :: Missouri : September .....: 1,884 1,992 1,841 1,759 1,630 :: September .....: 1,881 2,041 1,777 1,719 1,977 October .......: 1,805 1,898 1,795 1,731 1,527 :: October .......: 2,006 2,172 1,899 1,754 2,093 November ......: 1,820 2,039 1,943 1,717 1,459 :: November ......: 2,123 2,253 1,948 1,898 2,036 Final .........: 1,826 2,075 1,973 1,828 :: Final .........: 2,164 2,239 1,961 1,921 : :: : Illinois : :: Nebraska : September .....: 1,969 1,917 2,132 1,696 2,019 :: September .....: 1,947 1,653 1,736 1,669 1,943 October .......: 2,109 1,886 2,225 1,683 2,127 :: October .......: 2,036 1,795 2,071 1,777 2,002 November ......: 2,193 1,947 2,249 1,601 2,170 :: November ......: 2,074 1,853 2,174 1,722 1,980 Final .........: 2,197 1,947 2,264 1,603 :: Final .........: 2,074 1,853 2,174 1,722 : :: : Indiana : :: North Dakota : September .....: 1,683 1,795 1,880 1,496 2,056 :: September .....: 1,395 1,406 1,418 1,147 1,242 October .......: 1,775 1,772 2,001 1,501 1,994 :: October .......: 1,444 1,430 1,485 1,246 1,439 November ......: 1,873 1,774 2,054 1,569 1,963 :: November ......: 1,442 1,465 1,515 1,253 1,442 Final .........: 1,873 1,774 2,052 1,561 :: Final .........: 1,470 1,451 1,514 1,195 : :: : Iowa : :: Ohio : September .....: 1,808 1,644 1,823 1,601 1,675 :: September .....: 1,773 1,765 2,019 1,563 1,811 October .......: 1,801 1,670 1,984 1,642 1,933 :: October .......: 1,715 1,714 2,180 1,760 1,972 November ......: 1,861 1,717 2,082 1,660 1,927 :: November ......: 1,782 1,828 2,210 1,587 1,983 Final .........: 1,890 1,735 2,097 1,682 :: Final .........: 1,782 1,823 2,210 1,587 : :: : Kansas : :: South Dakota : September .....: 1,467 1,487 1,552 1,561 1,650 :: September .....: 1,561 1,511 1,649 1,504 1,688 October .......: 1,643 1,472 1,456 1,604 1,699 :: October .......: 1,639 1,472 1,867 1,316 1,720 November ......: 1,720 1,561 1,548 1,596 1,629 :: November ......: 1,709 1,457 1,822 1,331 1,696 Final .........: 1,737 1,561 1,558 1,583 :: Final .........: 1,665 1,457 1,724 1,353 : :: : Minnesota : :: 11-State : September .....: 1,614 1,359 1,605 1,465 1,607 :: September .....: 1,741 1,678 1,786 1,561 1,780 October .......: 1,625 1,407 1,616 1,474 1,782 :: October .......: 1,800 1,692 1,895 1,593 1,882 November ......: 1,658 1,480 1,569 1,458 1,751 :: November ......: 1,862 1,751 1,938 1,582 1,866 Final .........: 1,658 1,480 1,569 1,458 :: Final .........: 1,870 1,752 1,938 1,586 : :: : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Soybean Frequency of Farmer Reported Row Widths - Selected States: 2016-2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Row width (inches) State and year :---------------------------------------------------------------- : Less than : : : : More than : 7.5 1/ : 7.5 : 15 : 30 : 30 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Arkansas ...............2016: 5 31 46 36 73 2017: 9 25 42 39 79 2018: 9 36 47 36 83 2019: - 14 13 21 25 2020: 5 14 14 36 49 : Illinois ...............2016: 1 15 105 57 1 2017: 2 10 109 59 2 2018: 3 11 118 58 - 2019: 2 5 82 33 1 2020: - 11 91 44 - : Indiana ................2016: 1 27 91 17 2 2017: 3 28 101 12 - 2018: 1 19 110 14 - 2019: - 5 57 9 1 2020: 1 11 87 8 - : Iowa ...................2016: 1 6 73 100 2 2017: 1 3 80 94 1 2018: 1 11 77 88 3 2019: 1 9 51 66 - 2020: 1 8 63 85 3 : Kansas .................2016: 6 8 38 57 - 2017: 10 14 32 43 2 2018: 2 17 35 54 1 2019: - 10 23 16 - 2020: 1 9 19 27 - : Minnesota ..............2016: 5 8 40 36 1 2017: 1 9 38 42 - 2018: 3 8 34 45 2 2019: 3 5 26 28 1 2020: 3 5 35 51 1 : Missouri ...............2016: - 14 71 19 5 2017: 1 10 70 21 4 2018: 1 15 65 31 4 2019: 1 5 38 10 1 2020: - 13 63 20 11 : Nebraska ...............2016: - 10 36 46 3 2017: 1 4 38 51 8 2018: 3 7 35 49 8 2019: - 6 37 49 5 2020: - 8 39 58 1 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Soybean Frequency of Farmer Reported Row Widths - Selected States: 2016-2020 (continued) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Row width (inches) State and year :---------------------------------------------------------------- : Less than : : : : More than : 7.5 1/ : 7.5 : 15 : 30 : 30 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : North Dakota ...........2016: 8 17 55 15 - 2017: 5 16 56 7 1 2018: 4 31 49 12 - 2019: 3 11 28 6 - 2020: 7 27 48 11 - : Ohio ...................2016: 3 41 84 7 - 2017: 2 38 83 8 - 2018: 4 31 98 1 - 2019: 2 11 42 1 - 2020: 3 30 82 5 - : South Dakota ...........2016: 3 4 27 59 2 2017: 1 4 27 63 1 2018: 2 4 27 61 1 2019: 4 - 18 30 - 2020: - - 43 44 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Includes broadcast soybeans. Soybean Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2016-2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : October : November Year :----------------------------------------------------------- : Mature 1/ : Mature 1/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : 2016 ..........: 53 93 2017 ..........: 49 93 2018 ..........: 57 93 2019 ..........: 25 91 2020 ..........: 64 94 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes soybeans with brown pods and are considered mature or almost mature. Soybean Percentage Distribution by Measured Row Width and Average Row Width - Selected States: 2016-2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Row width (inches) : State and year :Samples :--------------------------------------------:Average : :10.0 or : 10.1- : 18.6- : 28.6- :34.6 or : row : :less 1/ : 18.5 : 28.5 : 34.5 :greater :width 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number ---------------- percent --------------- inches : Arkansas ...............2016: 189 14.6 24.1 4.0 21.2 36.1 26.0 2017: 197 16.3 24.2 2.3 19.8 37.4 26.4 2018: 208 18.3 18.3 6.7 14.7 42.0 26.5 2019: 73 19.2 15.1 5.5 23.3 36.9 26.6 2020: 121 12.8 11.2 3.3 25.6 47.1 29.9 : Illinois ...............2016: 177 7.9 56.5 5.6 29.4 0.6 19.6 2017: 181 6.1 50.6 5.0 37.7 0.6 20.8 2018: 185 5.7 57.6 5.9 30.8 - 19.9 2019: 119 4.6 58.0 10.9 26.5 - 19.4 2020: 147 7.2 49.4 10.6 32.1 0.7 20.3 : Indiana ................2016: 137 14.7 62.3 8.4 13.9 0.7 17.0 2017: 141 14.6 68.3 9.3 7.8 - 15.8 2018: 150 10.1 74.8 5.7 9.4 - 16.2 2019: 74 4.1 74.7 11.6 9.6 - 17.3 2020: 108 8.3 77.3 6.5 7.9 - 16.2 : Iowa ...................2016: 179 2.2 34.4 11.2 50.5 1.7 23.7 2017: 180 1.1 34.4 12.8 50.6 1.1 23.7 2018: 177 4.8 36.5 10.1 45.8 2.8 22.8 2019: 124 4.9 36.0 9.7 48.6 0.8 23.1 2020: 162 3.4 32.4 10.8 52.2 1.2 23.8 : Kansas .................2016: 109 5.5 34.6 4.6 54.4 0.9 23.5 2017: 105 9.0 38.1 5.7 47.2 - 21.8 2018: 106 8.1 39.3 6.6 45.1 0.9 22.0 2019: 49 9.2 47.0 7.1 36.7 - 20.4 2020: 57 5.3 50.9 2.6 37.7 3.5 21.1 : Minnesota ..............2016: 84 11.3 28.0 23.8 36.9 - 21.6 2017: 88 7.4 23.3 18.8 50.5 - 23.5 2018: 85 10.0 28.8 14.7 46.5 - 22.6 2019: 59 11.9 18.6 26.3 41.5 1.7 23.0 2020: 93 7.5 19.9 15.6 54.8 2.2 24.5 : Missouri ...............2016: 104 3.8 70.7 2.4 16.8 6.3 18.9 2017: 106 9.4 63.7 5.7 19.3 1.9 18.3 2018: 113 12.8 52.7 8.0 23.0 3.5 19.2 2019: 51 7.8 68.7 7.8 15.7 - 17.8 2020: 110 13.6 50.5 10.0 19.5 6.4 19.3 : Nebraska ...............2016: 94 7.4 35.6 5.9 46.8 4.3 22.8 2017: 100 4.0 31.0 10.5 47.0 7.5 24.2 2018: 101 5.9 27.2 10.9 48.1 7.9 24.3 2019: 98 4.6 32.1 11.2 47.0 5.1 23.9 2020: 107 5.2 32.4 10.8 50.7 0.9 22.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Soybean Percentage Distribution by Measured Row Width and Average Row Width - Selected States: 2016-2020 (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Row width (inches) : State and year :Samples :--------------------------------------------:Average : :10.0 or : 10.1- : 18.6- : 28.6- :34.6 or : row : :less 1/ : 18.5 : 28.5 : 34.5 :greater :width 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number --------------- percent --------------- inches : North Dakota ...........2016: 95 20.1 42.9 20.1 16.9 - 17.7 2017: 84 17.3 55.3 17.9 8.3 1.2 16.2 2018: 96 21.9 45.3 22.9 7.3 2.6 16.4 2019: 48 17.7 49.0 22.9 10.4 - 17.1 2020: 92 21.7 48.9 17.4 12.0 - 16.1 : Ohio ...................2016: 137 32.1 60.3 1.8 5.8 - 13.7 2017: 134 25.4 66.4 2.6 5.6 - 14.1 2018: 134 20.9 76.5 2.6 - - 13.7 2019: 57 22.8 77.2 - - - 13.6 2020: 121 25.6 67.0 3.3 4.1 - 14.1 : South Dakota ...........2016: 96 1.6 23.0 17.3 53.4 4.7 25.1 2017: 93 2.7 17.8 16.2 61.7 1.6 25.9 2018: 94 4.3 15.4 17.6 62.2 0.5 25.7 2019: 43 2.3 10.5 27.9 59.3 - 26.6 2020: 88 - 24.6 27.4 46.3 1.7 24.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Broadcast soybeans included as "10.0 inches or less" but excluded in computation of average width. October Weather Summary Two more hurricanes-Delta and Zeta-made a United States landfall in October, boosting the season-to-date total to six. Only 1887, with seven hurricanes striking the mainland of the United States, had more. Both hurricanes struck Louisiana, with Delta moving ashore near Creole on October 9 mere miles from (and in the same parish as) where Hurricane Laura had crossed the coast just over 6 weeks earlier. Zeta pushed inland farther east, near Cocodrie, on October 28. Sustained winds at landfall associated with Delta were slightly lower (100 mph, versus 110 mph for Zeta), but Zeta was a faster-moving storm and overall delivered less rainfall. Still, the late-summer and autumn barrage of tropical activity, including Tropical Storm Beta and Hurricanes Laura, Sally, Delta, and Zeta, adversely affected a variety of Southeastern summer crops, including some cotton and peanuts. Farther north, a period of favorable weather abruptly ended in mid-October, as a mild, dry pattern across the Plains and Midwest suddenly yielded to cold, stormy conditions. During the 4 weeks ending October 18, more than one-half (52 percent) of the Nation's corn and 69 percent of the soybeans were harvested. Thereafter, Midwestern fieldwork markedly slowed amid record- setting low temperatures, snow, and rain. Parts of the northern Plains and upper Midwest received record-setting October snowfall. The same stormy weather that impeded late-month harvest efforts benefited winter wheat. According to the United States Drought Monitor, 46 percent of the Nation's winter wheat production area was experiencing drought on October 27, up from 9 percent at the same time a year ago. Late-month rain, freezing rain, sleet, and snow provided much-needed moisture for wheat emergence and development, especially on the High Plains, although cold weather accompanying the precipitation temporarily limited crop growth. By November 1, nearly one-fifth (19 percent) of the Nation's winter wheat crop was rated in very poor to poor condition, led by Colorado and Texas at 28 percent. Beneficial, late-month precipitation fell as far west as the Rockies, but the Far West remained mostly dry. With more than three-quarters of the West experiencing drought, according to the United States Drought Monitor, rangeland and pastures continued to suffer. On October 25, Western rangeland and pastures rated very poor to poor ranged from 36 percent in Idaho to 86 percent in Oregon. Nationally, 43 percent of the rangeland and pastures were rated very poor to poor on that date, just below this year's late-summer peak of 46 percent but otherwise the highest percentage at any time of year since 2012. Western wildfires remained periodically active in October. For example, the East Troublesome Fire-which was sparked on October 14 near Lake Granby, Colorado-exponentially grew on October 21-22 to become the second-largest wildfire in modern state history. Each of Colorado's three-largest wildfires- the Cameron Peak Fire (nearly 209,000 acres), the East Troublesome Fire (almost 194,000 acres), and the Pine Gulch Fire (139,007 acres)-have occurred this year. Meanwhile in California, five of the six largest wildfires on record have burned in 2020, led by the 1.03 million-acre August Complex. Nationally, January-October wildfires consumed about 8.6 million acres of vegetation, well above the 10-year average of 6.7 million acres. October Agricultural Summary Most of the Nation's midsection was cooler than average during the month of October. Parts of the Great Lakes, Northern Plains, and Northern Rockies recorded temperatures 6°F or more below normal for the month. In contrast, most of the western United States experienced above normal temperatures for the month. Parts of California, the Pacific Northwest, and Southwest recorded temperatures 6°F or more above normal. In the Eastern third of the Nation, generally warmer than normal temperatures were recorded. Parts of the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast recorded temperatures 4°F or more above normal. With the exception of parts of the Pacific Northwest and the Northern Rockies, the western half of the Nation remained drier than normal for the month of October. In the eastern half of the Nation, Hurricanes Delta and Zeta, both making landfall in coastal Louisiana, helped to bring higher than normal amounts of precipitation to the Mid-Atlantic, the Mississippi Valley, and the Southeast. Parts of these regions received 7 inches or more of rain for the month. Eighty-seven percent of the Nation's corn acreage was mature by October 4, thirty-three percentage points ahead of last year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Corn mature advanced 10 percentage points or more in 12 of the 18 estimating States. By October 4, twenty-five percent of the 2020 acreage had been harvested, 11 percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average harvest pace. Ninety-seven percent of the Nation's corn acreage was mature by October 18, fifteen percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Sixty percent of the 2020 acreage had been harvested by October 18, thirty-two percentage points ahead of last year and 17 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average harvest pace. Harvest progress advanced 10 percentage points or more in 12 of the 18 estimating States. As of October 18, sixty-one percent of the Nation's corn acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 5 percentage points above the same time last year. Eighty-two percent of the 2020 acreage had been harvested by November 1, thirty-three percentage points ahead of last year and 13 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average harvest pace. Soybean dropping leaves advanced to 85 percent complete Nationally by October 4, eighteen percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Soybean harvest across the Nation was 38 percent complete by October 4, twenty-six percentage points ahead of last year and 10 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On October 11, sixty-three percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 9 percentage points above the same time last year. Leaves dropping advanced to 97 percent complete Nationally by October 18, six percentage points ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Leaves dropping was complete or nearing completion in 15 of the 18 estimating States. Soybean harvest across the Nation was 75 percent complete by October 18, thirty-five percentage points ahead of last year and 17 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Harvest progress advanced 10 percentage points or more in 11 of the 18 estimating States. Soybean harvest across the Nation was 87 percent complete by November 1, sixteen percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Harvest progress was complete or nearing completion in 8 of the 18 estimating States. Nationwide, producers had sown 52 percent of the intended 2021 winter wheat acreage by October 4, four percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nationwide, 24 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by October 4, two percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nationwide, producers had sown 77 percent of the intended 2021 winter wheat acreage by October 18, three percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Planting progress advanced by 10 percentage points or more in 10 of the 18 estimating States. Nationwide, 51 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by October 18, one percentage point ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Winter wheat emergence advanced by 10 percentage points or more in 13 of the 18 estimating States. Nationwide, producers had sown 89 percent of the intended 2021 winter wheat acreage by November 1, one percentage point ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Planting progress was complete or nearing completion in 11 of the 18 estimating States. Nationwide, 71 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by November 1, two percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Winter wheat emergence advanced by 10 percentage points or more in 10 of the 18 estimating States. As of November 1, forty-three percent of the 2021 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, 14 percentage points below the same time last year. By October 4, eighty-three percent of the Nation's cotton had open bolls, 2 percentage points ahead of last year and 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By October 4, seventeen percent of the Nation's cotton acreage had been harvested, 5 percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By October 18, ninety-three percent of the Nation's cotton had open bolls, 2 percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By October 18, thirty-four percent of the Nation's cotton acreage had been harvested, 4 percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Cotton harvest advanced 10 percentage points or more in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee. By November 1, fifty-two percent of the Nation's cotton acreage had been harvested, 1 percentage point ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Cotton harvest advanced 10 percentage points or more in 6 of the 15 estimating States. As of November 1, thirty-seven percent of the 2020 cotton acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 3 percentage points below the same time last year. By October 4, seventy-seven percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was mature, 15 percentage points ahead of last year and 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Thirty-eight percent of the 2020 sorghum acreage had been harvested by October 4, six percentage points ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. Fifty percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was rated in good to excellent condition on October 11, fifteen percentage points below the same time last year. By October 18, ninety-five percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was mature, 6 percentage points ahead of last year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Sixty-three percent of the 2020 sorghum acreage had been harvested by October 18, seventeen percentage points ahead of last year and 12 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Ninety-two percent of Texas' sorghum acreage had been harvested by October 18, equal to last year but 12 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Eighty-two percent of the 2020 sorghum acreage had been harvested by November 1, eight percentage points ahead of last year and 11 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Sorghum harvest advanced 10 percentage points or more in Colorado, Kansas, and Nebraska. Nationally, 71 percent of the rice acreage had been harvested by October 4, three percentage points behind last year and 7 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationally, 91 percent of the rice acreage had been harvested by October 18, equal to last year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Ninety-six percent of the 2020 rice acreage had been harvested by November 1. Seventeen percent of the Nation's peanut acreage had been harvested as of October 4, twenty percentage points behind last year and 13 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Forty-one percent of the Nation's peanut acreage had been harvested as of October 18, twenty-three percentage points behind last year and 14 percentage points behind the 5-year average. As of October 25, sixty-four percent of the Nation's peanut acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 10 percentage points above the same time last year. Sixty-six percent of the Nation's peanut acreage had been harvested as of November 1, sixteen percentage points behind last year and 10 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Harvest progress was at or behind the 5-year average pace for all estimating States. By October 4, sugarbeet producers had harvested 46 percent of the Nation's crop, 28 percentage points ahead of last year and 16 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By October 18, sugarbeet producers had harvested 83 percent of the Nation's crop, 44 percentage points ahead of last year and 21 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By November 1, sugarbeet producers had harvested 95 percent of the Nation's crop, 28 percentage points ahead of last year and 11 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Harvest progress was ahead of the 5-year average pace in all estimating States. By October 4, eleven percent of this year's sunflower crop had been harvested, 10 percentage points ahead of last year and 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By October 18, thirty-seven percent of this year's sunflower crop had been harvested, 29 percentage points ahead of last year and 15 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Harvest progress was ahead of the 5-year average pace in all estimating States. By November 1, sixty-one percent of this year's sunflower crop had been harvested, 34 percentage points ahead of last year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Crop Comments Corn: The 2020 corn area harvested for grain is forecast at 82.5 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast, but up 1 percent from last year. The November 1 corn objective yield data indicate the fourth highest number of ears on record for the combined 10 objective yield States (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin). At 14.5 billion bushels, 2020 corn production for grain is forecast to be the third highest production on record for the United States. The forecasted yield, at 175.8 bushels per acre, is up 5 percent from last year's final estimate of 167.5 bushels per acre. If realized, this would be the third highest yield on record for the United States. Record high yields are forecast in Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, New York, South Carolina, South Dakota, Washington, and Wisconsin. Eighty-seven percent of the Nation's corn acreage was mature by October 4, thirty-three percentage points ahead of last year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Twenty-five percent of the Nation's corn acreage was harvested by October 4, eleven percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average harvest pace. Ninety-four percent of the Nation's corn acreage was mature by October 11, twenty-five percentage points ahead of last year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Forty-one percent of the Nation's corn acreage was harvested by week's end, 21 percentage points ahead of last year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average harvest pace. Ninety-seven percent of the Nation's corn acreage was mature by October 18, fifteen percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Sixty percent of the Nation's corn acreage had been harvested by October 18, thirty-two percentage points ahead of last year and 17 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By October 18, sixty-one percent of the Nation's corn was rated in good to excellent condition, 5 percentage points above the same time last year. Seventy-two percent of the Nation's corn acreage had been harvested by October 25, thirty-four percentage points ahead of last year and 16 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Eighty-two percent of the Nation's corn acreage had been harvested by November 1, thirty-three percentage points ahead of last year and 13 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Sorghum: Production is forecast at 371 million bushels, up slightly from the previous forecast and up 9 percent from last year. Area harvested for grain is forecast at 5.00 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 7 percent from 2019. Based on November 1 conditions, yield is forecast at 74.2 bushels per acre, 0.1 bushel higher than the previous forecast and 1.2 bushels per acre above the 2019 yield of 73.0 bushels per acre. As of November 1, eighty-two percent of the sorghum acreage was harvested, 8 percentage points ahead of last year and 11 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Rice: Production is forecast at 226 million cwt, down less than 1 percent from the previous forecast and up 22 percent from 2019. Harvested area is expected to total 2.99 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 21 percent from 2019. Based on conditions as of November 1, the average United States yield is forecast at 7,560 pounds per acre, down 7 pounds per acre from the previous forecast, but up 89 pounds per acre from 2019. Record high yield is forecasted in Missouri. As of November 1, ninety-six percent of the rice acreage was harvested, 2 percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5- year average. Harvest was complete or nearing completion in all estimating States. Soybeans: Production is forecast at 4.17 billion bushels, down 2 percent from the previous forecast but up 17 percent from last year. Based on conditions as of November 1, yields are expected to average 50.7 bushels per acre, down 1.2 bushels from the previous forecast but up 3.3 bushels from last year. Area harvested for beans in the United States is forecast at 82.3 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 10 percent from 2019. The November objective yield data for the combined 11 major soybean-producing States (Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, and South Dakota) indicate a higher pod count compared with the previous year. Compared with final counts for 2019, pod counts are up in 10 of the 11 published States. Illinois showed the greatest increase, up 567 pods per 18 square feet from the previous year. Soybean harvest was 38 percent complete as of October 4, twenty- six percentage points ahead of last year and 10 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. As of November 1, harvest was 87 percent complete Nationwide, 16 percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. At that time, harvest progress was at or ahead of the respective State 5-year average pace in 11 of the 18 States estimated in the Crop Progress report. If realized, the forecasted yield will be a record high in Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Pennsylvania, and Texas. Peanuts: Production is forecast at 6.64 billion pounds, down 1 percent from the previous forecast but up 22 percent from the revised 2019 total of 5.47 billion pounds. Harvested area is expected to total 1.62 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 17 percent from 2019. Based on conditions as of November 1, the average yield for the United States is forecast at 4,093 pounds per acre, down 32 pounds per acre from the previous forecast but up 159 pounds per acre from 2019. Record high production is forecasted in Georgia. Record high yield is forecasted in Mississippi. As of November 1, sixty-six percent of the 2020 peanut acreage had been harvested, 16 percentage points behind last year and 10 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Cotton: Upland harvested area for the Nation is expected to total 8.81 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 23 percent from last year. Expected Pima harvested area, at 193,300 acres, is unchanged from the previous forecast but down 14 percent from last year. As of November 1, fifty-two percent of the cotton acreage was harvested, 1 percentage point ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. If realized, the forecasted yield for all cotton will be a record high at the National level and a record high yield for Upland cotton in Arkansas. Ginnings totaled 3,986,950 running bales prior to November 1, compared with 6,249,600 running bales ginned prior to the same date last year. Sugarbeets: Production of sugarbeets for the 2020 crop year is forecast at 34.0 million tons, down 5 percent from last month but up 19 percent from last year. Sugarbeet producers expect to harvest 1.15 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 17 percent from 2019. Yield is forecast at 29.6 tons per acre, down 1.6 tons from the previous forecast but an increase of 0.4 ton from last year. In Michigan, 82 percent of the harvest was complete by November 1, well ahead of both last year and the five-year average. In Minnesota and North Dakota, harvest was completed by mid-October. Sugarcane: Production of sugarcane for sugar and seed is forecast at 33.8 million tons, down 1 percent from last month but up 6 percent from last year. Producers intend to harvest 932,600 acres for sugar and seed during the 2020 crop year, up slightly from the previous forecast and up 2 percent from last year. Yields for sugar and seed are expected to average 36.2 tons per acre, down 0.4 ton from last month but up 1.2 tons from 2019 In Louisiana, harvest was 33 percent complete as of the week ending November 1. In Texas, harvest began on October 19. Potatoes: Production of potatoes for the 2020 crop year is forecast at 415 million cwt, down 2 percent from last year. Planted acreage, at 923,000 acres, is up slightly from the June estimate. Area harvested, at 915,700 acres, is down 2 percent from the previous year. The yield forecast, at 454 cwt per acre, is up 1 cwt from last year's yield. Idaho and Oregon had ideal growing conditions throughout the season with both States completing harvest by November 1. In Washington, harvest was 95 percent completed by November 1. In North Dakota, harvest began in early September and was complete by mid-October. Statistical Methodology Field crop survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between October 24 and November 5 to gather information on expected yield as of November 1. The objective yield surveys for corn, cotton, and soybeans were conducted in the major producing States that usually account for about 75 percent of the United States production. Randomly selected plots were revisited to make current counts. The counts made within each sample plot depend on the crop and the maturity of that crop. In all cases, plant counts are recorded along with other measurements that provide information to forecast the number of ears, bolls, or pods and their weight. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited each month until crop maturity when the fruit is harvested and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting loss. Starting in 2019, NASS eliminated the August objective yield survey for cotton (except Texas), corn, and soybeans. The farm operator survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail, internet, and personal interviewers. Approximately 7,800 producers were interviewed during the survey period and asked questions about probable yield. Field crop estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each Regional Field Office submits their analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published November 1 forecasts. Revision policy: The November 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month throughout the growing season. End-of-season estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the marketing season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. Estimates of planted acres for spring planted crops are subject to revision in the August Crop Production report if conditions altered the planting intentions since the mid-year survey. Current year, planted acres may also be revised for cotton, peanuts, and rice in the September Crop Production report each year; spring wheat, Durum wheat, barley, and oats only in the Small Grains Summary report at the end of September; and all other spring planted crops in the October Crop Production report. Revisions to planted acres will only be made when either special survey data, administrative data, such as Farm Service Agency program "sign up" data, or remote sensing data are available. Harvested acres may be revised any time a production forecast is made if there is strong evidence that the intended harvested area has changed since the last forecast. Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the November 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the November 1 production forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years. For example, the "Root Mean Square Error" for the November 1 corn for grain production forecast is 1.0 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current production forecast will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 1.0 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 1.8 percent. Also, shown in the following table is a 20-year record for selected crops of the differences between the November 1 forecast and the final estimate. Using corn again as an example, changes between the November 1 forecast and the final estimate during the last 20 years have averaged 103 million bushels, ranging from 4 million bushels to 286 million bushels. The November 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 7 times and above 13 times. This does not imply that the November 1 corn forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. Reliability of November 1 Crop Production Forecasts [Based on data for the past twenty years] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Difference between forecast : : : and final estimate : : :-------------------------------------------- : :90 percent : Production : Years Crop : Root mean :confidence :-------------------------------------------- :square error: interval : : : : Below : Above : : :Average :Smallest:Largest : final : final ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- percent --- ------ millions ------ number : Corn for grain ........bushels: 1.0 1.8 103 4 286 7 13 Peanut 1/ ..............pounds: 4.9 8.4 195 10 662 14 6 Potato ....................cwt: 2.2 3.8 6 1 37 14 6 Rice ......................cwt: 1.6 2.8 3 (Z) 11 14 6 Sorghum for grain .....bushels: 5.0 8.6 14 1 33 11 9 Soybeans for beans ....bushels: 1.7 3.0 48 2 171 10 10 Sugarbeets for sugar .....tons: 1.5 2.7 (Z) (Z) 1 11 9 Sugarcane ................tons: 4.3 7.5 1 (Z) 2 9 11 Upland cotton 1/ ........bales: 3.1 5.4 425 45 1,001 7 13 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ Quantity is in thousands of units. USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch......................................................... (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section................................................ (202) 720-2127 Irwin Anolik - Crop Weather......................................................... (202) 720-7621 Joshua Bates - Oats, Soybeans....................................................... (202) 690-3234 David Colwell - Current Agricultural Industrial Reports............................. (202) 720-8800 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum..................................... (202) 720-5944 James Johanson - Barley, County Estimates, Hay...................................... (202) 690-8533 Greg Lemmons - Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet......................................... (202) 720-9526 Jean Porter - Rye, Wheat............................................................ (202) 720-8068 John Stephens - Peanuts, Rice....................................................... (202) 720-7688 Travis Thorson - Sunflower, Other Oilseeds.......................................... (202) 720-7369 Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section....................... (202) 720-2127 ......................................................................................... Heidi Lanouette - Blueberries, Cranberries, Cucumbers, Pistachios, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Raspberries, Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes................. (202) 720-4285 Robert Little - Apricots, Dry Beans, Lettuce, Macadamia, Maple Syrup, Nectarines, Pears, Snap Beans, Spinach, Tomatoes......................................... (202) 720-3250 Anastasiya Osborne - Almonds, Apples, Asparagus, Carrots, Coffee, Onions Plums, Prunes, Sweet Corn, Tobacco....................................................... (202) 720-4288 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Cauliflower, Celery, Grapefruit, Garlic, Hazelnuts, Kiwifruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges............ (202) 720-5412 Dawn Smoker - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cabbage, Chickpeas, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Grapes, Hops, Pecans................................. (202) 720-4215 Fleming Gibson - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Papayas, Peaches, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Walnuts, Watermelons.................... 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