Crop Production ISSN: 1936-3737 Released October 12, 2022, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Corn Production Down Less than 1 Percent from September Forecast Soybean Production Down 1 Percent Cotton Production Down Less than 1 Percent Orange Production Down 8 Percent from Last Season Corn production for grain is forecast at 13.9 billion bushels, down less than 1 percent from the previous forecast and down 8 percent from 2021. Based on conditions as of October 1, yields are expected to average 171.9 bushels per harvested acre, down 0.6 bushel from the previous forecast and down 4.8 bushels from last year. After a thorough review of all available data, acreage estimates are unchanged from last month. Total planted area, at 88.6 million acres, is unchanged from the previous estimate but down 5 percent from the previous year. Area harvested for grain, forecast at 80.8 million acres, is unchanged from the previous forecast but down 5 percent from the previous year. Soybean production for beans is forecast at 4.31 billion bushels, down 1 percent from the previous forecast and down 3 percent from 2021. Based on conditions as of October 1, yields are expected to average 49.8 bushels per acre, down 0.7 bushel from the previous forecast and down 1.9 bushels from 2021. After a thorough review of all available data acreage estimates are unchanged from last month. Total planted area, at 87.5 million acres, is unchanged from the previous estimate but up less than 1 percent from the previous year. Area harvested for beans in the United States is forecast at 86.6 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up less than 1 percent from 2021. All cotton production is forecast at 13.8 million 480-pound bales, down less than 1 percent from the previous forecast, and down 21 percent from 2021. Based on conditions as of October 1, yields are expected to average 842 pounds per harvested acre, down 1 pound from the previous forecast but up 23 pounds from 2021. Upland cotton production is forecast at 13.3 million 480-pound bales, down less than 1 percent from the previous forecast and down 22 percent from 2021. Pima cotton production is forecast at 468,000 bales, up 2 percent from the previous forecast and up 41 percent from 2021. All cotton area harvested is forecast at 7.88 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 23 percent from 2021. The United States all orange forecast for the 2022-2023 season is 3.19 million tons, down 8 percent from the 2021- 2022 final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 28.0 million boxes (1.26 million tons), is down 32 percent from last season's final utilization. In Florida, early, midseason, and Navel varieties are forecast at 11.0 million boxes (495,000 tons), down 40 percent from last season's final utilization. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 17.0 million boxes (765,000 tons), is down 25 percent from last season's final utilization. The California all orange forecast is 47.1 million boxes (1.88 million tons), up 17 percent from the last season's final utilization. The California Navel orange forecast is 38.0 million boxes (1.52 million tons), up 19 percent from the last season's final utilization. The California Valencia orange forecast is 9.10 million boxes (364,000 tons), up 6 percent from last season's final utilization. The Texas all orange forecast, at 1.15 million boxes (49,000 tons), is up significantly from last season's final utilization. This report was approved on October 12, 2022. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Seth Meyer Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Joseph L. Parsons Contents Corn for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022.................................................................................................... 6 Corn Production - United States Chart.............................................................................. 7 Sorghum for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022.................................................................................................... 8 Rice Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022......... 9 Rice Production by Class - United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022...................................... 9 Soybeans for Beans Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022.................................................................................................... 10 Soybean Production - United States Chart........................................................................... 11 Sunflower Area Planted and Harvested by Type - States and United States: 2021 and 2022............................. 12 Sunflower Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022.................................................................................................... 13 Peanut Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022.................................................................................................... 14 Canola Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2021 and 2022........................................ 15 Canola Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022....... 15 Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022.................................................................................................... 16 Cottonseed Production - United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022......................................... 17 Cotton Production - United States Chart............................................................................ 17 Alfalfa and Alfalfa Mixtures for Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022......................................................................................... 18 All Other Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022.................................................................................................... 19 Sugarbeet Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022.................................................................................................... 20 Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022......................................................................................... 20 Dry Edible Bean Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2021 and 2022............................... 21 Dry Edible Bean Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022.................................................................................................... 21 Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022.................................................................................................... 22 Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022......................................................................................... 23 Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2021-2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2022.................................................................................................... 24 Pecan Production by Variety - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022........................ 25 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2021 and 2022............ 26 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2021 and 2022.............. 28 Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2022 and 2023........................................ 30 Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2022 and 2023.......................................... 31 Corn for Grain Plant Population per Acre - Selected States: 2018-2022.............................................. 32 Corn for Grain Number of Ears per Acre - Selected States: 2018-2022................................................ 33 Corn Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2018-2022............................ 33 Soybean Pods with Beans per 18 Square Feet - Selected States: 2018-2022............................................ 34 Soybean Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2018-2022......................... 34 Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts - Selected States: 2018-2022......................................................... 35 Percent of Normal Precipitation Map................................................................................ 36 Departure from Normal Temperature Map.............................................................................. 36 September Weather Summary.......................................................................................... 37 September Agricultural Summary..................................................................................... 38 Crop Comments...................................................................................................... 40 Statistical Methodology............................................................................................ 45 Reliability of October 1 Crop Production Forecast.................................................................. 46 Information Contacts............................................................................................... 47 This page intentionally left blank. Corn for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2022 : : : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 :-----------------------: 2021 : 2022 : : : :September 1: October 1 : : ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ----------- bushels ---------- --- 1,000 bushels --- : Alabama .........: 340 290 163.0 122.0 129.0 55,420 37,410 Arkansas ........: 830 690 184.0 176.0 176.0 152,720 121,440 California ......: 50 20 188.0 200.0 200.0 9,400 4,000 Colorado ........: 1,150 1,100 129.0 123.0 125.0 148,350 137,500 Delaware ........: 172 162 184.0 165.0 170.0 31,648 27,540 Georgia .........: 445 385 182.0 171.0 171.0 80,990 65,835 Idaho ...........: 120 105 210.0 200.0 200.0 25,200 21,000 Illinois ........: 10,850 10,550 202.0 204.0 210.0 2,191,700 2,215,500 Indiana .........: 5,270 5,050 195.0 186.0 187.0 1,027,650 944,350 Iowa ............: 12,450 12,450 204.0 200.0 200.0 2,539,800 2,490,000 : Kansas ..........: 5,400 5,150 139.0 122.0 115.0 750,600 592,250 Kentucky ........: 1,440 1,330 192.0 150.0 149.0 276,480 198,170 Louisiana .......: 565 435 183.0 165.0 165.0 103,395 71,775 Maryland ........: 425 375 175.0 172.0 174.0 74,375 65,250 Michigan ........: 1,990 1,970 174.0 168.0 166.0 346,260 327,020 Minnesota .......: 7,840 7,550 177.0 190.0 190.0 1,387,680 1,434,500 Mississippi .....: 700 550 181.0 172.0 167.0 126,700 91,850 Missouri ........: 3,430 3,200 159.0 149.0 151.0 545,370 483,200 Nebraska ........: 9,560 9,300 194.0 176.0 172.0 1,854,640 1,599,600 New York ........: 580 515 167.0 152.0 154.0 96,860 79,310 : North Carolina ..: 905 785 149.0 114.0 116.0 134,845 91,060 North Dakota ....: 3,630 2,700 105.0 141.0 141.0 381,150 380,700 Ohio ............: 3,340 3,120 193.0 186.0 187.0 644,620 583,440 Oklahoma ........: 295 305 150.0 120.0 125.0 44,250 38,125 Pennsylvania ....: 990 850 169.0 150.0 148.0 167,310 125,800 South Carolina ..: 380 300 139.0 126.0 125.0 52,820 37,500 South Dakota ....: 5,480 5,250 134.0 138.0 130.0 734,320 682,500 Tennessee .......: 950 805 170.0 127.0 126.0 161,500 101,430 Texas ...........: 1,850 1,780 128.0 104.0 100.0 236,800 178,000 Virginia ........: 360 345 160.0 162.0 161.0 57,600 55,545 Washington ......: 85 70 248.0 225.0 240.0 21,080 16,800 Wisconsin .......: 3,000 2,950 180.0 183.0 182.0 540,000 536,900 : Other States 1/ .: 446 407 162.1 149.8 147.1 72,287 59,876 : United States ...: 85,318 80,844 176.7 172.5 171.9 15,073,820 13,895,176 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States include Arizona, Florida, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, West Virginia, and Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Crop Production 2022 Summary." Sorghum for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : : : : 2022 : : : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 :-----------------------: 2021 : 2022 : : : :September 1: October 1 : : --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres --------- bushels --------- 1,000 bushels : Colorado ...........: 400 450 37.0 30.0 30.0 14,800 13,500 Kansas .............: 3,400 3,100 78.0 45.0 43.0 265,200 133,300 Nebraska ...........: 230 265 86.0 60.0 56.0 19,780 14,840 Oklahoma ...........: 380 360 54.0 28.0 31.0 20,520 11,160 South Dakota .......: 210 205 64.0 67.0 71.0 13,440 14,555 Texas ..............: 1,870 1,100 61.0 54.0 52.0 114,070 57,200 : United States ......: 6,490 5,480 69.0 46.0 44.6 447,810 244,555 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rice Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2022 : : : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 :-------------------------: 2021 : 2022 : : : :September 1 : October 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ------------ pounds ----------- ---- 1,000 cwt --- : Arkansas .....: 1,194 1,083 7,630 7,500 7,500 91,136 81,225 California ...: 405 255 9,050 8,900 9,000 36,653 22,950 Louisiana ....: 414 416 6,870 6,700 6,700 28,447 27,872 Mississippi ..: 100 84 7,540 7,450 7,500 7,540 6,300 Missouri .....: 194 149 8,040 7,600 7,600 15,599 11,324 Texas ........: 181 190 6,860 8,300 8,300 12,421 15,770 : United States : 2,488 2,177 7,709 7,586 7,599 191,796 165,441 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes sweet rice production. Rice Production by Class - United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Year : Long grain : Medium grain : Short grain 1/ : All : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 cwt : 2021 .......: 144,639 44,494 2,663 191,796 2022 2/ ....: 132,534 30,730 2,177 165,441 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Sweet rice production included with short grain. 2/ The 2022 rice production by class forecasts are based on class harvested acreage estimates and the 5-year average class yield compared to the all rice yield. Soybeans for Beans Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2022 : : : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 :-----------------------: 2021 : 2022 : : : :September 1: October 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres --------- bushels --------- -- 1,000 bushels -- : Alabama .........: 305 355 46.0 42.0 42.0 14,030 14,910 Arkansas ........: 3,000 3,150 52.0 53.0 53.0 156,000 166,950 Delaware ........: 153 158 51.0 43.0 43.0 7,803 6,794 Georgia .........: 135 160 46.0 46.0 45.0 6,210 7,200 Illinois ........: 10,510 10,700 65.0 64.0 64.0 683,150 684,800 Indiana .........: 5,640 5,830 60.0 60.0 59.0 338,400 343,970 Iowa ............: 10,030 10,020 63.0 59.0 58.0 631,890 581,160 Kansas ..........: 4,800 5,000 40.0 32.0 28.0 192,000 140,000 Kentucky ........: 1,840 1,940 56.0 52.0 53.0 103,040 102,820 Louisiana .......: 1,060 1,240 52.0 47.0 47.0 55,120 58,280 : Maryland ........: 485 515 53.0 45.0 45.0 25,705 23,175 Michigan ........: 2,140 2,230 51.0 47.0 46.0 109,140 102,580 Minnesota .......: 7,580 7,380 47.0 50.0 50.0 356,260 369,000 Mississippi .....: 2,170 2,280 54.0 55.0 56.0 117,180 127,680 Missouri ........: 5,650 6,050 49.0 47.0 45.0 276,850 272,250 Nebraska ........: 5,570 5,700 63.0 52.0 49.0 350,910 279,300 New Jersey ......: 99 108 46.0 30.0 30.0 4,554 3,240 New York ........: 320 345 53.0 50.0 50.0 16,960 17,250 North Carolina ..: 1,640 1,690 40.0 38.0 37.0 65,600 62,530 North Dakota ....: 7,120 5,650 25.5 34.0 35.0 181,560 197,750 : Ohio ............: 4,880 5,080 57.0 56.0 55.0 278,160 279,400 Oklahoma ........: 535 525 23.0 16.0 16.0 12,305 8,400 Pennsylvania ....: 595 585 53.0 43.0 46.0 31,535 26,910 South Carolina ..: 385 390 38.0 36.0 38.0 14,630 14,820 South Dakota ....: 5,390 5,050 40.0 41.0 40.0 215,600 202,000 Tennessee .......: 1,520 1,620 50.0 46.0 46.0 76,000 74,520 Texas ...........: 100 140 38.0 28.0 33.0 3,800 4,620 Virginia ........: 590 610 46.0 44.0 42.0 27,140 25,620 Wisconsin .......: 2,070 2,130 55.0 53.0 54.0 113,850 115,020 : United States ...: 86,312 86,631 51.7 50.5 49.8 4,465,382 4,312,949 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sunflower Area Planted and Harvested by Type - States and United States: 2021 and 2022 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Varietal type : Area planted : Area harvested and State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Oil : California .......: 45.0 33.0 44.5 32.5 Colorado .........: 41.0 51.0 39.0 45.0 Kansas ...........: 25.0 32.0 24.0 30.0 Minnesota ........: 54.0 69.0 53.0 67.0 Nebraska .........: 35.0 50.0 33.0 47.0 North Dakota .....: 460.0 660.0 450.0 650.0 South Dakota .....: 485.0 610.0 465.0 590.0 Texas ............: 35.0 45.0 33.0 41.0 : United States ....: 1,180.0 1,550.0 1,141.5 1,502.5 : Non-oil : California .......: 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.5 Colorado .........: 12.0 5.0 11.5 4.5 Kansas ...........: 10.0 15.0 9.0 14.0 Minnesota ........: 3.0 8.5 2.8 8.0 Nebraska .........: 6.5 7.0 6.5 6.5 North Dakota .....: 34.0 55.0 32.0 52.0 South Dakota .....: 38.0 42.0 36.0 39.0 Texas ............: 6.0 8.0 5.5 6.0 : United States ....: 110.5 141.0 104.3 130.5 : All : California .......: 46.0 33.5 45.5 33.0 Colorado .........: 53.0 56.0 50.5 49.5 Kansas ...........: 35.0 47.0 33.0 44.0 Minnesota ........: 57.0 77.5 55.8 75.0 Nebraska .........: 41.5 57.0 39.5 53.5 North Dakota .....: 494.0 715.0 482.0 702.0 South Dakota .....: 523.0 652.0 501.0 629.0 Texas ............: 41.0 53.0 38.5 47.0 : United States ....: 1,290.5 1,691.0 1,245.8 1,633.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Forecasted. Sunflower Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Varietal type : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production and State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 1/ : 2021 : 2022 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 acres --- ----- pounds ---- ---- 1,000 pounds --- : Oil : California .....: 44.5 32.5 1,100 48,950 Colorado .......: 39.0 45.0 930 36,270 Kansas .........: 24.0 30.0 1,600 38,400 Minnesota ......: 53.0 67.0 1,680 89,040 Nebraska .......: 33.0 47.0 850 28,050 North Dakota ...: 450.0 650.0 1,590 715,500 South Dakota ...: 465.0 590.0 1,600 744,000 Texas ..........: 33.0 41.0 1,150 37,950 : United States ..: 1,141.5 1,502.5 1,523 1,738,160 : Non-oil : California .....: 1.0 0.5 900 900 Colorado .......: 11.5 4.5 950 10,925 Kansas .........: 9.0 14.0 1,600 14,400 Minnesota ......: 2.8 8.0 1,850 5,180 Nebraska .......: 6.5 6.5 1,000 6,500 North Dakota ...: 32.0 52.0 1,450 46,400 South Dakota ...: 36.0 39.0 2,050 73,800 Texas ..........: 5.5 6.0 1,640 9,020 : United States ..: 104.3 130.5 1,602 167,125 : All : California .....: 45.5 33.0 1,096 900 49,850 29,700 Colorado .......: 50.5 49.5 935 818 47,195 40,500 Kansas .........: 33.0 44.0 1,600 1,250 52,800 55,000 Minnesota ......: 55.8 75.0 1,689 2,023 94,220 151,750 Nebraska .......: 39.5 53.5 875 1,512 34,550 80,900 North Dakota ...: 482.0 702.0 1,581 1,846 761,900 1,296,100 South Dakota ...: 501.0 629.0 1,632 1,912 817,800 1,202,900 Texas ..........: 38.5 47.0 1,220 1,140 46,970 53,600 : United States ..: 1,245.8 1,633.0 1,529 1,782 1,905,285 2,910,450 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ 2022 yield and production estimates for oil and non-oil varieties will be published in the "Crop Production 2022 Summary." Peanut Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Alabama ........: 185.0 165.0 182.0 163.0 Arkansas .......: 36.0 33.0 35.0 32.0 Florida ........: 165.0 155.0 158.0 147.0 Georgia ........: 755.0 685.0 750.0 680.0 Mississippi ....: 18.0 14.0 17.0 13.0 New Mexico .....: 11.2 7.1 11.1 7.1 North Carolina .: 115.0 117.0 114.0 116.0 Oklahoma .......: 16.0 18.0 15.0 17.0 South Carolina .: 69.0 71.0 66.0 68.0 Texas ..........: 180.0 165.0 162.0 140.0 Virginia .......: 30.0 29.0 30.0 28.0 : United States ..: 1,580.2 1,459.1 1,540.1 1,411.1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production State :--------------------------------------------------------------- : : 2022 : : : 2021 :-------------------------: 2021 : 2022 : :September 1 : October 1 : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- pounds ----------- ---- 1,000 pounds ---- : Alabama ........: 3,350 3,800 3,900 609,700 635,700 Arkansas .......: 5,000 5,000 5,000 175,000 160,000 Florida ........: 3,700 4,300 3,900 584,600 573,300 Georgia ........: 4,450 4,500 4,400 3,337,500 2,992,000 Mississippi ....: 4,100 4,100 4,100 69,700 53,300 New Mexico .....: 2,310 3,000 3,000 25,641 21,300 North Carolina .: 4,350 4,400 4,100 495,900 475,600 Oklahoma .......: 4,450 4,000 3,800 66,750 64,600 South Carolina .: 4,200 4,200 4,200 277,200 285,600 Texas ..........: 3,570 2,200 2,700 578,340 378,000 Virginia .......: 4,700 4,700 4,700 141,000 131,600 : United States ..: 4,130 4,145 4,090 6,361,331 5,771,000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Canola Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2021 and 2022 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Kansas ...........: 7.0 9.0 6.5 7.0 Minnesota ........: 63.0 70.0 61.5 68.0 Montana ..........: 185.0 180.0 161.0 168.0 North Dakota .....: 1,750.0 1,800.0 1,720.0 1,780.0 Oklahoma .........: 12.0 18.0 10.0 8.0 Washington .......: 135.0 135.0 130.0 130.0 : United States ....: 2,152.0 2,212.0 2,089.0 2,161.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Forecasted. Canola Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 acres --- ----- pounds ---- ---- 1,000 pounds --- : Kansas .......: 6.5 7.0 1,200 540 7,800 3,780 Minnesota ....: 61.5 68.0 1,700 1,880 104,550 127,840 Montana ......: 161.0 168.0 900 950 144,900 159,600 North Dakota .: 1,720.0 1,780.0 1,340 1,920 2,304,800 3,417,600 Oklahoma .....: 10.0 8.0 1,550 700 15,500 5,600 Washington ...: 130.0 130.0 1,100 1,780 143,000 231,400 : United States : 2,089.0 2,161.0 1,302 1,826 2,720,550 3,945,820 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production 1/ :-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type and State : : : : 2022 : : : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 :-----------------------: 2021 : 2022 : : : :September 1: October 1 : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :--- 1,000 acres -- ---------- pounds ---------- 1,000 bales 2/ : Upland : Alabama .........: 401.0 425.0 826 836 836 690.0 740.0 Arizona .........: 119.0 89.0 1,275 1,294 1,294 316.0 240.0 Arkansas ........: 475.0 630.0 1,248 1,219 1,143 1,235.0 1,500.0 California ......: 25.5 29.5 1,920 1,627 1,627 102.0 100.0 Florida .........: 90.0 104.0 640 808 785 120.0 170.0 Georgia .........: 1,160.0 1,280.0 914 900 900 2,210.0 2,400.0 Kansas ..........: 102.0 152.0 880 726 537 187.0 170.0 Louisiana .......: 104.0 185.0 1,011 830 856 219.0 330.0 Mississippi .....: 430.0 525.0 997 1,006 1,006 893.0 1,100.0 Missouri ........: 310.0 300.0 1,260 1,152 1,104 814.0 690.0 : New Mexico ......: 26.0 48.0 1,108 1,050 1,000 60.0 100.0 North Carolina ..: 365.0 455.0 1,017 918 884 773.0 838.0 Oklahoma ........: 440.0 310.0 756 387 341 693.0 220.0 South Carolina ..: 207.0 265.0 986 897 888 425.0 490.0 Tennessee .......: 270.0 325.0 1,036 938 975 583.0 660.0 Texas ...........: 5,550.0 2,500.0 666 614 653 7,700.0 3,400.0 Virginia ........: 74.0 89.0 1,109 1,036 1,057 171.0 196.0 : United States ...:10,148.5 7,711.5 813 832 831 17,191.0 13,344.0 : American Pima : Arizona .........: 8.8 15.0 982 960 960 18.0 30.0 California ......: 87.0 101.0 1,501 1,663 1,687 272.0 355.0 New Mexico ......: 12.0 18.5 640 908 986 16.0 38.0 Texas ...........: 16.0 30.0 780 720 720 26.0 45.0 : United States ...: 123.8 164.5 1,287 1,342 1,366 332.0 468.0 : All : Alabama .........: 401.0 425.0 826 836 836 690.0 740.0 Arizona .........: 127.8 104.0 1,254 1,246 1,246 334.0 270.0 Arkansas ........: 475.0 630.0 1,248 1,219 1,143 1,235.0 1,500.0 California ......: 112.5 130.5 1,596 1,655 1,674 374.0 455.0 Florida .........: 90.0 104.0 640 808 785 120.0 170.0 Georgia .........: 1,160.0 1,280.0 914 900 900 2,210.0 2,400.0 Kansas ..........: 102.0 152.0 880 726 537 187.0 170.0 Louisiana .......: 104.0 185.0 1,011 830 856 219.0 330.0 Mississippi .....: 430.0 525.0 997 1,006 1,006 893.0 1,100.0 Missouri ........: 310.0 300.0 1,260 1,152 1,104 814.0 690.0 : New Mexico ......: 38.0 66.5 960 1,011 996 76.0 138.0 North Carolina ..: 365.0 455.0 1,017 918 884 773.0 838.0 Oklahoma ........: 440.0 310.0 756 387 341 693.0 220.0 South Carolina ..: 207.0 265.0 986 897 888 425.0 490.0 Tennessee .......: 270.0 325.0 1,036 938 975 583.0 660.0 Texas ...........: 5,566.0 2,530.0 666 616 654 7,726.0 3,445.0 Virginia ........: 74.0 89.0 1,109 1,036 1,057 171.0 196.0 : United States ...:10,272.3 7,876.0 819 843 842 17,523.0 13,812.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production ginned and to be ginned. 2/ 480-pound net weight bale. Cottonseed Production - United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : United States ...: 5,323.0 4,195.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Based on a 3-year average lint-seed ratio. Alfalfa and Alfalfa Mixtures for Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 acres --- ------ tons ----- ---- 1,000 tons --- : Arizona ........: 275 295 8.30 8.20 2,283 2,419 California .....: 500 490 7.40 7.10 3,700 3,479 Colorado .......: 780 690 4.00 2.90 3,120 2,001 Idaho ..........: 960 1,000 4.10 4.40 3,936 4,400 Illinois .......: 290 300 3.75 4.25 1,088 1,275 Indiana ........: 260 280 3.30 3.50 858 980 Iowa ...........: 910 620 3.50 3.80 3,185 2,356 Kansas .........: 690 700 3.60 3.10 2,484 2,170 Kentucky .......: 100 100 3.30 3.40 330 340 Michigan .......: 560 570 3.10 2.70 1,736 1,539 : Minnesota ......: 670 670 2.60 3.20 1,742 2,144 Missouri .......: 240 210 3.05 2.10 732 441 Montana ........: 1,550 1,650 1.70 1.70 2,635 2,805 Nebraska .......: 910 810 4.10 3.60 3,731 2,916 Nevada .........: 210 190 5.10 4.90 1,071 931 New Mexico .....: 125 125 5.00 5.30 625 663 New York .......: 270 240 2.20 2.60 594 624 North Dakota ...: 920 1,050 0.90 2.20 828 2,310 Ohio ...........: 300 300 3.10 3.40 930 1,020 Oklahoma .......: 180 220 3.10 2.10 558 462 : Oregon .........: 400 370 3.40 4.20 1,360 1,554 Pennsylvania ...: 320 400 2.90 3.20 928 1,280 South Dakota ...: 1,300 1,600 1.50 1.40 1,950 2,240 Texas ..........: 100 95 5.40 4.20 540 399 Utah ...........: 490 470 3.70 4.00 1,813 1,880 Virginia .......: 30 35 2.90 3.70 87 130 Washington .....: 390 390 4.60 4.20 1,794 1,638 Wisconsin ......: 910 890 3.20 2.50 2,912 2,225 Wyoming ........: 470 570 2.80 3.20 1,316 1,824 : Other States 1/ : 136 135 2.79 2.78 379 375 : United States ..: 15,246 15,465 3.23 3.16 49,245 48,820 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States include Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, and West Virginia. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Crop Production 2022 Summary." All Other Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 acres -- ----- tons ----- --- 1,000 tons --- : Alabama 1/ ......: 700 700 3.10 2.70 2,170 1,890 Arkansas ........: 1,180 1,200 2.20 1.70 2,596 2,040 California ......: 330 360 4.40 4.00 1,452 1,440 Colorado ........: 700 650 1.95 1.90 1,365 1,235 Georgia 1/ ......: 540 560 3.20 2.40 1,728 1,344 Idaho ...........: 280 290 2.20 2.60 616 754 Illinois ........: 210 220 2.30 2.50 483 550 Indiana .........: 280 260 2.50 2.20 700 572 Iowa ............: 350 410 2.70 2.00 945 820 Kansas ..........: 2,000 2,000 1.65 1.40 3,300 2,800 : Kentucky ........: 2,020 1,970 2.60 2.20 5,252 4,334 Louisiana 1/ ....: 370 400 2.60 2.40 962 960 Michigan ........: 230 230 1.90 1.90 437 437 Minnesota .......: 420 530 1.40 2.15 588 1,140 Mississippi 1/ ..: 620 610 2.20 2.20 1,364 1,342 Missouri ........: 2,900 2,800 2.00 1.65 5,800 4,620 Montana .........: 740 850 1.30 1.10 962 935 Nebraska ........: 1,650 1,500 1.55 1.40 2,558 2,100 New York ........: 890 1,060 2.30 1.80 2,047 1,908 North Carolina ..: 675 650 2.10 2.00 1,418 1,300 : North Dakota ....: 1,100 1,250 1.15 1.75 1,265 2,188 Ohio ............: 570 570 2.50 2.00 1,425 1,140 Oklahoma ........: 2,770 2,700 1.60 1.10 4,432 2,970 Oregon ..........: 490 600 2.20 2.30 1,078 1,380 Pennsylvania ....: 900 1,000 2.45 2.50 2,205 2,500 South Dakota ....: 1,100 1,400 1.05 1.30 1,155 1,820 Tennessee .......: 1,690 1,650 2.35 1.90 3,972 3,135 Texas ...........: 5,500 4,850 1.85 1.15 10,175 5,578 Virginia ........: 1,000 1,100 2.00 2.30 2,000 2,530 Washington ......: 320 350 2.40 2.40 768 840 : West Virginia ...: 500 550 1.70 1.80 850 990 Wisconsin .......: 320 490 1.90 2.10 608 1,029 Wyoming .........: 470 520 1.40 1.60 658 832 : Other States 2/ .: 1,675 1,762 2.16 2.15 3,617 3,788 : United States ...: 35,490 36,042 2.00 1.75 70,951 63,241 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures included in all other hay. 2/ Other States include Alaska, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Utah, and Vermont. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Crop Production 2022 Summary." Sugarbeet Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022 [Relates to year of intended harvest in all States except California] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :--------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2022 : : : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 :-------------------------: 2021 : 2022 : : : :September 1 : October 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : -- 1,000 acres -- ------------ tons ----------- -- 1,000 tons -- : California 1/ : 23.8 23.9 46.0 46.7 46.7 1,095 1,116 Colorado .....: 23.6 21.1 33.7 28.6 27.9 795 589 Idaho ........: 170.0 170.0 39.5 39.0 39.0 6,715 6,630 Michigan .....: 142.0 137.0 37.4 30.8 29.9 5,311 4,096 Minnesota ....: 396.0 438.0 31.0 25.8 25.3 12,276 11,081 Montana ......: 43.5 33.5 29.8 30.0 29.5 1,296 988 Nebraska .....: 43.8 39.0 31.9 25.7 25.8 1,397 1,006 North Dakota .: 222.0 249.0 29.2 25.4 25.7 6,482 6,399 Oregon .......: 10.4 8.0 37.9 38.3 37.9 394 303 Washington ...: 1.9 2.0 45.9 45.5 45.5 87 91 Wyoming ......: 30.6 27.6 29.5 27.3 27.9 903 770 : United States : 1,107.6 1,149.1 33.2 29.0 28.8 36,751 33,069 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Relates to year of planting for overwintered beets in southern California. Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area harvested : Yield per acre 1/ : Production 1/ :--------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2022 : : : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 :-------------------------: 2021 : 2022 : : : :September 1 : October 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres ------------ tons ----------- -- 1,000 tons -- : Florida ......: 403.5 396.5 42.6 44.0 43.8 17,187 17,367 Louisiana ....: 495.3 492.0 29.3 31.8 32.5 14,525 15,990 Texas ........: 36.4 32.0 30.9 27.0 25.0 1,126 800 : United States : 935.2 920.5 35.1 36.9 37.1 32,838 34,157 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Net tons. Dry Edible Bean Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2021 and 2022 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published. Excludes beans grown for garden seed and chickpeas] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : California .......: 16.0 12.0 15.4 11.8 Colorado .........: 33.0 36.0 32.0 34.0 Idaho ............: 58.0 46.0 57.0 45.0 Michigan .........: 210.0 215.0 208.0 213.0 Minnesota ........: 240.0 215.0 234.0 206.0 Nebraska .........: 120.0 115.0 114.0 107.0 North Dakota .....: 660.0 570.0 620.0 550.0 Washington .......: 40.0 26.0 39.5 25.5 Wyoming ..........: 17.0 16.0 15.7 15.0 : United States ....: 1,394.0 1,251.0 1,335.6 1,207.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Forecasted. Dry Edible Bean Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022 [Excludes beans grown for garden seed and chickpeas] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre 1/ : Production 1/ State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- 1,000 acres ----- ------- pounds ------ ------ 1,000 cwt ----- : California .....: 15.4 11.8 2,450 2,310 377 273 Colorado .......: 32.0 34.0 1,880 1,980 602 673 Idaho ..........: 57.0 45.0 2,610 2,300 1,486 1,035 Michigan .......: 208.0 213.0 2,410 2,400 5,011 5,112 Minnesota ......: 234.0 206.0 1,960 2,280 4,596 4,697 Nebraska .......: 114.0 107.0 2,440 2,360 2,780 2,525 North Dakota ...: 620.0 550.0 1,030 1,810 6,397 9,955 Washington .....: 39.5 25.5 2,770 2,600 1,094 663 Wyoming ........: 15.7 15.0 2,410 2,400 378 360 : United States ..: 1,335.6 1,207.3 1,701 2,095 22,721 25,293 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Clean basis. Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :-------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2022 : : : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 :-----------------------: 2021 : 2022 : : : :September 1: October 1 : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- acres ----- ---------- pounds ---------- -- 1,000 pounds -- : Georgia .........: 8,000 6,000 1,800 2,100 2,100 14,400 12,600 Kentucky ........: 49,800 45,900 2,351 2,239 2,285 117,060 104,880 North Carolina ..: 120,250 116,200 2,099 1,999 1,999 252,400 232,320 Pennsylvania ....: 5,350 5,300 2,621 2,448 2,462 14,020 13,050 South Carolina ..: 7,600 6,000 1,800 2,000 2,100 13,680 12,600 Tennessee .......: 12,900 13,300 2,477 2,332 2,344 31,950 31,170 Virginia ........: 15,030 12,900 2,293 2,197 2,197 34,463 28,345 : United States ...: 218,930 205,600 2,183 2,100 2,116 477,973 434,965 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Class, type, and State : : : : 2022 : : : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 :---------------------------: 2021 : 2022 : : : : September 1 : October 1 : : --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ acres ----- ------------ pounds ------------ -- 1,000 pounds -- : Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14) : Georgia ................................: 8,000 6,000 1,800 2,100 2,100 14,400 12,600 North Carolina .........................: 120,000 116,000 2,100 2,000 2,000 252,000 232,000 South Carolina .........................: 7,600 6,000 1,800 2,000 2,100 13,680 12,600 Virginia ...............................: 14,500 12,500 2,300 2,200 2,200 33,350 27,500 : United States ..........................: 150,100 140,500 2,088 2,021 2,026 313,430 284,700 : Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23) : Kentucky ...............................: 8,700 9,900 3,350 3,200 3,200 29,145 31,680 Tennessee ..............................: 6,000 6,300 3,100 2,900 2,900 18,600 18,270 Virginia ...............................: 170 150 2,100 2,300 2,300 357 345 : United States ..........................: 14,870 16,350 3,235 3,076 3,076 48,102 50,295 : Class 3A, Light air-cured : Type 31, Burley : Kentucky .............................: 35,000 30,000 2,050 1,900 1,900 71,750 57,000 North Carolina .......................: 250 200 1,600 1,600 1,600 400 320 Pennsylvania .........................: 2,500 1,400 2,800 2,200 2,400 7,000 3,360 Tennessee ............................: 2,900 3,000 1,500 1,450 1,500 4,350 4,500 Virginia .............................: 360 250 2,100 2,000 2,000 756 500 : United States ........................: 41,010 34,850 2,055 1,873 1,885 84,256 65,680 : Type 32, Southern Maryland Belt : Pennsylvania .........................: 350 200 2,200 2,300 2,200 770 440 : United States ........................: 350 200 2,200 2,300 2,200 770 440 : Total light air-cured (31-32) ....... : 41,360 35,050 2,056 1,875 1,886 85,026 66,120 : Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37) : Kentucky ...............................: 6,100 6,000 2,650 2,400 2,700 16,165 16,200 Tennessee ..............................: 4,000 4,000 2,250 2,100 2,100 9,000 8,400 : United States ..........................: 10,100 10,000 2,492 2,281 2,460 25,165 24,600 : Class 4, Cigar filler : Type 41, Pennsylvania Seedleaf : Pennsylvania .........................: 2,500 3,700 2,500 2,550 2,500 6,250 9,250 : United States ........................: 2,500 3,700 2,500 2,550 2,500 6,250 9,250 : All tobacco : United States ..........................: 218,930 205,600 2,183 2,100 2,116 477,973 434,965 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2021-2022 and Forecasted October 1, 2022 [The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized production boxes 1/ :Utilized production ton equivalent Crop and State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2021-2022 : 2022-2023 : 2021-2022 : 2022-2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 boxes ----- ------ 1,000 tons ----- Oranges : California, all ............: 40,400 47,100 1,616 1,884 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 31,800 38,000 1,272 1,520 Valencia ..................: 8,600 9,100 344 364 : Florida, all ...............: 41,050 28,000 1,847 1,260 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 18,250 11,000 821 495 Valencia ..................: 22,800 17,000 1,026 765 : Texas, all .................: 200 1,150 8 49 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 170 900 7 38 Valencia ..................: 30 250 1 11 : United States, all .........: 81,650 76,250 3,471 3,193 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 50,220 49,900 2,100 2,053 Valencia ..................: 31,430 26,350 1,371 1,140 : Grapefruit : California .................: 4,100 4,100 164 164 Florida, all ...............: 3,330 2,000 142 85 Texas ......................: 1,700 2,000 68 80 : United States ..............: 9,130 8,100 374 329 : Tangerines and mandarins 3/ : California .................: 17,400 20,000 696 800 Florida ....................: 750 700 36 33 : United States ..............: 18,150 20,700 732 833 : Lemons : Arizona ....................: 950 1,150 38 46 California .................: 24,900 23,000 996 920 : United States ..............: 25,850 24,150 1,034 966 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Net pounds per box: oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; tangerines and mandarins in California-80, Florida-95; lemons-80. 2/ Navel and miscellaneous varieties in California. Early (including Navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. 3/ Includes tangelos and tangors. Pecan Production by Variety - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted October 1, 2022 --------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized production (in-shell basis) State and variety :------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 --------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds : Arizona .................: 40,900 40,000 Improved ...............: 40,900 40,000 : Georgia .................: 88,600 145,000 Improved ...............: 88,600 145,000 : New Mexico ..............: 78,700 77,000 Improved ...............: 78,700 77,000 : Oklahoma ................: 11,300 7,500 Improved ...............: 1,700 1,500 Native and seedling ....: 9,600 6,000 : Texas ...................: 35,800 21,000 Improved ...............: 31,100 18,700 Native and seedling ....: 4,700 2,300 : United States ...........: 255,300 290,500 Improved ...............: 241,000 282,200 Native and seedling ....: 14,300 8,300 --------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2021 and 2022 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2022 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 2,708 2,945 1,990 2,433 Corn for grain 1/ ......................: 93,252 88,608 85,318 80,844 Corn for silage ........................: (NA) 6,445 Hay, all ...............................: (NA) (NA) 50,736 51,507 Alfalfa ..............................: (NA) (NA) 15,246 15,465 All other ............................: (NA) (NA) 35,490 36,042 Oats ...................................: 2,550 2,581 650 890 Proso millet ...........................: 725 670 662 Rice ...................................: 2,532 2,223 2,488 2,177 Rye ....................................: 2,133 2,175 294 341 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...................: 7,305 6,365 6,490 5,480 Sorghum for silage .....................: (NA) 331 Wheat, all .............................: 46,740 45,738 37,145 35,480 Winter ...............................: 33,678 33,271 25,464 23,459 Durum ................................: 1,642 1,632 1,526 1,581 Other spring .........................: 11,420 10,835 10,155 10,440 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2,152.0 2,212.0 2,089.0 2,161.0 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed ...............................: 325 235 268 216 Mustard seed ...........................: 103.0 123.0 89.3 115.0 Peanuts ................................: 1,580.2 1,459.1 1,540.1 1,411.1 Rapeseed ...............................: 14.3 9.0 12.5 8.2 Safflower ..............................: 152.0 154.0 135.0 144.5 Soybeans for beans .....................: 87,195 87,455 86,312 86,631 Sunflower ..............................: 1,290.5 1,691.0 1,245.8 1,633.0 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all ............................: 11,215.5 13,791.0 10,272.3 7,876.0 Upland ...............................: 11,089.0 13,622.0 10,148.5 7,711.5 American Pima ........................: 126.5 169.0 123.8 164.5 Sugarbeets .............................: 1,160.0 1,172.9 1,107.6 1,149.1 Sugarcane ..............................: (NA) (NA) 935.2 920.5 Tobacco ................................: (NA) (NA) 218.9 205.6 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 368.5 359.6 351.0 350.4 Dry edible beans .......................: 1,394.0 1,251.0 1,335.6 1,207.3 Dry edible peas ........................: 977.0 914.0 834.0 863.0 Lentils ................................: 708.0 670.0 549.0 633.0 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: (NA) (NA) 60.9 60.0 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .........................: (NA) 44.0 Potatoes ...............................: 933.0 910.0 923.6 902.2 Spearmint oil ..........................: (NA) 14.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2021 and 2022 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2022 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per acre : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : --------- 1,000 -------- : Grains and hay : Barley ..........................bushels: 60.3 71.7 120,090 174,333 Corn for grain ..................bushels: 176.7 171.9 15,073,820 13,895,176 Corn for silage ....................tons: 20.1 129,429 Hay, all ...........................tons: 2.37 2.18 120,196 112,061 Alfalfa ..........................tons: 3.23 3.16 49,245 48,820 All other ........................tons: 2.00 1.75 70,951 63,241 Oats ............................bushels: 61.3 64.8 39,836 57,655 Proso millet ....................bushels: 23.2 15,376 Rice 2/ .............................cwt: 7,709 7,599 191,796 165,441 Rye .............................bushels: 33.4 36.1 9,808 12,301 Sorghum for grain ...............bushels: 69.0 44.6 447,810 244,555 Sorghum for silage .................tons: 15.4 5,083 Wheat, all ......................bushels: 44.3 46.5 1,646,254 1,649,878 Winter ........................bushels: 50.2 47.0 1,277,755 1,103,707 Durum .........................bushels: 24.7 40.5 37,649 63,981 Other spring ..................bushels: 32.6 46.2 330,850 482,190 : Oilseeds : Canola ...........................pounds: 1,302 1,826 2,720,550 3,945,820 Cottonseed .........................tons: (X) (X) 5,323.0 4,195.0 Flaxseed ........................bushels: 10.1 2,708 Mustard seed .....................pounds: 491 43,834 Peanuts ..........................pounds: 4,130 4,090 6,361,331 5,771,000 Rapeseed .........................pounds: 1,809 22,616 Safflower ........................pounds: 1,001 135,175 Soybeans for beans ..............bushels: 51.7 49.8 4,465,382 4,312,949 Sunflower ........................pounds: 1,529 1,782 1,905,285 2,910,450 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ ....................bales: 819 842 17,523.0 13,812.0 Upland 2/ .......................bales: 813 831 17,191.0 13,344.0 American Pima 2/ ................bales: 1,287 1,366 332.0 468.0 Sugarbeets .........................tons: 33.2 28.8 36,751 33,069 Sugarcane ..........................tons: 35.1 37.1 32,838 34,157 Tobacco ..........................pounds: 2,183 2,116 477,973 434,965 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas 2/ ........................cwt: 815 1,122 2,861 3,933 Dry edible beans 2/ .................cwt: 1,701 2,095 22,721 25,293 Dry edible peas 2/ ..................cwt: 1,025 1,280 8,549 11,050 Lentils 2/ ..........................cwt: 606 766 3,327 4,851 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops .............................pounds: 1,900 1,922 115,630.9 115,259.4 Maple syrup .....................gallons: (NA) (NA) 3,721 5,028 Mushrooms ........................pounds: (NA) (NA) 757,987 702,391 Peppermint oil ...................pounds: 104 4,566 Potatoes ............................cwt: 444 409,829 Spearmint oil ....................pounds: 119 1,775 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Yield in pounds. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2021 and 2022 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2022 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 1,095,900 1,191,810 805,330 984,610 Corn for grain 1/ ..............: 37,738,150 35,858,770 34,527,340 32,716,760 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 2,608,230 Hay, all 2/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 20,532,350 20,844,370 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) (NA) 6,169,900 6,258,530 All other ....................: (NA) (NA) 14,362,450 14,585,840 Oats ...........................: 1,031,960 1,044,500 263,050 360,170 Proso millet ...................: 293,400 271,140 267,900 Rice ...........................: 1,024,680 899,630 1,006,870 881,010 Rye ............................: 863,200 880,200 118,980 138,000 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 2,956,260 2,575,850 2,626,440 2,217,700 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 133,950 Wheat, all 2/ ..................: 18,915,210 18,509,710 15,032,210 14,358,400 Winter .......................: 13,629,150 13,464,440 10,305,030 9,493,620 Durum ........................: 664,500 660,450 617,560 639,810 Other spring .................: 4,621,560 4,384,820 4,109,630 4,224,960 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 870,890 895,170 845,400 874,540 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 131,520 95,100 108,460 87,410 Mustard seed ...................: 41,680 49,780 36,140 46,540 Peanuts ........................: 639,490 590,480 623,260 571,060 Rapeseed .......................: 5,790 3,640 5,060 3,320 Safflower ......................: 61,510 62,320 54,630 58,480 Soybeans for beans .............: 35,286,940 35,392,160 34,929,600 35,058,700 Sunflower ......................: 522,250 684,330 504,160 660,860 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 2/ .................: 4,538,800 5,581,080 4,157,100 3,187,340 Upland .......................: 4,487,610 5,512,690 4,107,000 3,120,770 American Pima ................: 51,190 68,390 50,100 66,570 Sugarbeets .....................: 469,440 474,660 448,230 465,030 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) (NA) 378,470 372,520 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) 88,600 83,200 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ......................: 149,130 145,530 142,050 141,800 Dry edible beans ...............: 564,140 506,270 540,500 488,580 Dry edible peas ................: 395,380 369,890 337,510 349,250 Lentils ........................: 286,520 271,140 222,170 256,170 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...........................: (NA) (NA) 24,630 24,270 Maple syrup ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ......................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 17,810 Potatoes .......................: 377,580 368,270 373,770 365,110 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 6,030 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2021 and 2022 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2022 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : metric tons : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 3.25 3.85 2,614,650 3,795,650 Corn for grain .........................: 11.09 10.79 382,892,660 352,953,730 Corn for silage ........................: 45.02 117,416,010 Hay, all 2/ ............................: 5.31 4.88 109,039,980 101,660,030 Alfalfa ..............................: 7.24 7.08 44,674,310 44,288,760 All other ............................: 4.48 3.93 64,365,660 57,371,270 Oats ...................................: 2.20 2.32 578,220 836,860 Proso millet ...........................: 1.30 348,720 Rice ...................................: 8.64 8.52 8,699,720 7,504,280 Rye ....................................: 2.09 2.26 249,130 312,460 Sorghum for grain ......................: 4.33 2.80 11,374,900 6,211,980 Sorghum for silage .....................: 34.42 4,611,220 Wheat, all 2/ ..........................: 2.98 3.13 44,803,690 44,902,320 Winter ...............................: 3.37 3.16 34,774,790 30,037,980 Durum ................................: 1.66 2.72 1,024,640 1,741,280 Other spring .........................: 2.19 3.11 9,004,260 13,123,060 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 1.46 2.05 1,234,020 1,789,790 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) 4,828,940 3,805,640 Flaxseed ...............................: 0.63 68,790 Mustard seed ...........................: 0.55 19,880 Peanuts ................................: 4.63 4.58 2,885,450 2,617,680 Rapeseed ...............................: 2.03 10,260 Safflower ..............................: 1.12 61,310 Soybeans for beans .....................: 3.48 3.35 121,527,780 117,379,240 Sunflower ..............................: 1.71 2.00 864,220 1,320,160 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ .........................: 0.92 0.94 3,815,180 3,007,210 Upland ...............................: 0.91 0.93 3,742,900 2,905,310 American Pima ........................: 1.44 1.53 72,280 101,890 Sugarbeets .............................: 74.38 64.51 33,339,950 29,999,690 Sugarcane ..............................: 78.71 83.18 29,790,130 30,986,710 Tobacco ................................: 2.45 2.37 216,800 197,300 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 0.91 1.26 129,770 178,400 Dry edible beans .......................: 1.91 2.35 1,030,610 1,147,270 Dry edible peas ........................: 1.15 1.44 387,780 501,220 Lentils ................................: 0.68 0.86 150,910 220,040 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: 2.13 2.15 52,450 52,280 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) 18,610 25,140 Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) 343,820 318,600 Peppermint oil .........................: 0.12 2,070 Potatoes ...............................: 49.73 18,589,530 Spearmint oil ..........................: 0.13 810 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2022 and 2023 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2022 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2022-2023 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ......................1,000 tons: 374 329 Lemons ..........................1,000 tons: 1,034 966 Oranges .........................1,000 tons: 3,471 3,193 Tangerines and mandarins ........1,000 tons: 732 833 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ..........million pounds: 10,110.0 Apricots ..............................tons: 36,200 Avocados ..............................tons: Blueberries, Cultivated .......1,000 pounds: Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .....1,000 pounds: Cherries, Sweet .......................tons: 275,000 Cherries, Tart ..............million pounds: 229.2 Coffee (Hawaii) ...............1,000 pounds: Cranberries .........................barrel: 7,440,000 : Dates .................................tons: Grapes ................................tons: 5,985,000 Kiwifruit (California) ................tons: Nectarines (California) ...............tons: Olives (California) ...................tons: Papayas (Hawaii) ..............1,000 pounds: Peaches ...............................tons: 583,500 Pears .................................tons: 690,000 Plums (California) ....................tons: Prunes (California) ...................tons: Raspberries, all .............1,000 pounds: Strawberries .....................1,000 cwt: : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .1,000 pounds: 2,600,000 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..........tons: 68,000 Macadamias (Hawaii) ...........1,000 pounds: Pecans, in-shell ..............1,000 pounds: 290,500 Pistachios (California) .......1,000 pounds: Walnuts, in-shell (California) ........tons: 720,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2021-2022 and 2022-2023. Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2022 and 2023 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2022 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2022-2023 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ................................: 339,290 298,460 Lemons ....................................: 938,030 876,340 Oranges ...................................: 3,148,840 2,896,640 Tangerines and mandarins ..................: 664,060 755,680 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ........................: 4,585,820 Apricots ..................................: 32,840 Avocados ..................................: Blueberries, Cultivated ...................: Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .................: Cherries, Sweet ...........................: 249,480 Cherries, Tart ............................: 103,960 Coffee (Hawaii) ...........................: Cranberries ...............................: 337,470 : Dates .....................................: Grapes ....................................: 5,429,500 Kiwifruit (California) ....................: Nectarines (California) ...................: Olives (California) .......................: Papayas (Hawaii) ..........................: Peaches ...................................: 529,340 Pears .....................................: 625,960 Plums (California) ........................: Prunes (California) .......................: Raspberries, all ..........................: Strawberries ..............................: : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .............: 1,179,340 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..............: 61,690 Macadamias (Hawaii) .......................: Pecans, in-shell ..........................: 131,770 Pistachios (California) ...................: Walnuts, in-shell (California) ............: 653,170 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2021-2022 and 2022-2023. Corn for Grain Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 10 corn-producing States during 2022. Randomly selected plots in corn for grain fields are visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in these tables are rounded actual field counts from this survey. Corn for Grain Plant Population per Acre - Selected States: 2018-2022 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : :: State : : : : : and month : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 :: and month : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number :: : number : :: : Illinois : :: Nebraska : September .....: 32,000 31,100 30,600 31,550 32,050 :: All corn : October .......: 32,000 30,950 30,400 31,550 32,500 :: September ....: 27,100 25,850 27,450 26,750 26,450 November ......: 32,000 30,900 30,400 31,500 :: October ......: 26,750 25,850 27,450 26,650 26,250 Final .........: 32,000 30,900 30,400 31,500 :: November .....: 26,750 25,700 27,400 26,650 : :: Final ........: 26,750 25,700 27,400 26,650 Indiana : :: : September .....: 30,450 29,300 29,850 29,700 29,050 :: Irrigated : October .......: 30,400 29,050 29,800 29,650 28,550 :: September ....: 30,300 28,300 29,950 29,350 29,000 November ......: 30,400 29,000 29,850 29,750 :: October ......: 29,900 28,350 30,100 29,300 28,950 Final .........: 30,400 28,950 29,850 29,750 :: November .....: 29,900 28,300 30,100 29,300 : :: Final ........: 29,900 28,300 30,100 29,300 Iowa : :: : September .....: 31,350 30,850 31,050 31,850 31,750 :: Non-irrigated : October .......: 31,150 30,800 31,000 31,850 31,550 :: September ....: 23,350 23,300 24,950 24,050 23,850 November ......: 31,100 30,750 31,050 31,800 :: October ......: 23,100 23,250 24,750 24,000 23,500 Final .........: 31,100 30,750 31,050 31,800 :: November .....: 23,150 23,000 24,700 23,950 : :: Final ........: 23,150 23,000 24,700 23,950 Kansas : :: : September .....: 22,600 21,350 21,700 22,050 22,600 :: Ohio : October .......: 22,450 21,200 21,650 21,550 23,200 :: September .....: 30,550 30,050 29,800 30,400 29,400 November ......: 22,450 21,200 21,650 21,800 :: October .......: 30,400 30,100 29,900 30,050 29,350 Final .........: 22,450 21,200 21,650 21,800 :: November ......: 30,400 30,000 29,900 30,050 : :: Final .........: 30,400 30,000 29,850 30,050 Minnesota : :: : September .....: 30,950 30,700 31,750 30,750 31,300 :: South Dakota : October .......: 30,900 30,650 31,800 30,700 31,250 :: September .....: 27,000 26,400 25,450 26,150 26,400 November ......: 30,900 30,550 31,800 30,700 :: October .......: 26,750 26,100 25,400 26,100 26,200 Final .........: 30,900 30,650 31,800 30,700 :: November ......: 27,000 26,000 25,550 25,750 : :: Final .........: 27,000 25,900 25,550 25,750 Missouri : :: : September .....: 28,500 28,200 28,200 27,250 27,500 :: Wisconsin : October .......: 28,400 27,500 28,150 27,400 27,100 :: September .....: 31,000 30,250 30,300 29,900 30,700 November ......: 28,400 27,600 28,200 27,350 :: October .......: 30,600 30,150 30,400 29,550 30,300 Final .........: 28,400 27,600 28,200 27,350 :: November ......: 30,650 29,750 30,300 29,400 : :: Final .........: 30,650 29,850 30,300 29,400 : :: : : :: 10 State : : :: September .....: 29,500 28,650 29,000 29,100 29,250 : :: October .......: 29,350 28,500 28,950 29,000 29,200 : :: November ......: 29,400 28,450 28,950 29,000 : :: Final .........: 29,350 28,450 28,950 29,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Corn for Grain Number of Ears per Acre - Selected States: 2018-2022 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : :: State : : : : : and month : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 :: and month : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number :: : number : :: : Illinois : :: Nebraska : September .....: 31,550 30,300 29,900 31,100 31,500 :: All corn : October .......: 31,500 30,300 29,800 31,050 31,850 :: September ....: 27,100 25,850 26,800 26,650 25,850 November ......: 31,500 30,150 29,800 31,050 :: October ......: 26,750 25,950 26,850 26,950 25,000 Final .........: 31,500 30,150 29,800 31,050 :: November .....: 26,800 25,700 26,750 26,800 : :: Final ........: 26,800 25,700 26,750 26,800 Indiana : :: : September .....: 30,000 28,900 29,600 29,700 28,700 :: Irrigated : October .......: 29,800 28,700 29,600 29,750 28,400 :: September ....: 29,950 28,200 28,900 29,000 28,900 November ......: 29,750 28,650 29,600 29,900 :: October ......: 29,350 28,150 28,850 29,600 28,350 Final .........: 29,750 28,600 29,600 29,900 :: November .....: 29,300 28,000 28,800 29,500 : :: Final ........: 29,300 28,000 28,800 29,500 Iowa : :: : September .....: 31,150 30,250 30,600 31,750 30,850 :: Non-irrigated : October .......: 30,900 30,200 30,450 31,800 30,800 :: September ....: 23,850 23,500 24,650 24,250 22,700 November ......: 30,800 30,100 30,550 31,800 :: October ......: 23,650 23,700 24,800 24,200 21,600 Final .........: 30,800 30,100 30,550 31,800 :: November .....: 23,850 23,400 24,700 24,050 : :: Final ........: 23,850 23,400 24,700 24,050 Kansas : :: : September .....: 22,350 21,550 22,050 22,250 22,800 :: Ohio : October .......: 21,650 22,250 21,250 21,450 22,300 :: September .....: 30,750 29,850 29,350 30,650 29,250 November ......: 21,700 22,200 21,250 21,700 :: October .......: 30,300 29,750 29,700 30,350 29,250 Final .........: 21,700 22,200 21,250 21,700 :: November ......: 30,300 29,550 29,700 30,350 : :: Final .........: 30,300 29,550 29,650 30,350 Minnesota : :: : September .....: 30,850 30,050 31,750 30,800 31,200 :: South Dakota : October .......: 30,850 29,800 31,850 30,650 31,450 :: September .....: 28,100 26,450 25,550 26,250 25,300 November ......: 30,800 29,650 31,850 30,600 :: October .......: 27,750 25,300 25,550 26,150 24,700 Final .........: 30,800 29,700 31,850 30,600 :: November ......: 27,950 25,000 25,700 25,400 : :: Final .........: 28,050 24,900 25,700 25,400 Missouri : :: : September .....: 27,400 26,950 27,650 26,900 26,300 :: Wisconsin : October .......: 27,300 26,950 27,600 26,950 26,200 :: September .....: 30,700 29,850 30,050 30,100 29,900 November ......: 27,300 27,100 27,650 26,950 :: October .......: 30,450 30,250 30,400 29,500 29,550 Final .........: 27,300 27,100 27,650 26,950 :: November ......: 30,450 29,850 30,350 29,400 : :: Final .........: 30,450 29,950 30,350 29,400 : :: : : :: 10-State : : :: September .....: 29,350 28,200 28,650 29,050 28,650 : :: October .......: 29,100 28,200 28,600 28,950 28,500 : :: November ......: 29,100 28,050 28,600 28,850 : :: Final .........: 29,100 28,050 28,600 28,850 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Corn Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2018-2022 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : October : November Year :----------------------------------------------------------- :Dent stage 1/ : Mature 2/ :Dent stage 1/ : Mature 2/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : 2018 ..........: 13 80 (Z) 96 2019 ..........: 49 29 1 94 2020 ..........: 25 68 (Z) 96 2021 ..........: 22 69 (Z) 94 2022 ..........: 38 50 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ Includes corn in the dent stage of development. Ears are firm and solid. Kernels fully dented with no milk present in most kernels. 2/ Includes that portion of the crop that is mature and ready for harvest. No green foliage is present. Soybean Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 11 soybean-producing States during 2022. Randomly selected plots in soybean fields are visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in these tables are actual field counts from this survey. Soybean Pods with Beans per 18 Square Feet - Selected States: 2018-2022 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : :: State : : : : : and month : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 :: and month : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number :: : number : :: : Arkansas : :: Missouri : September .....: 1,841 1,759 1,630 1,449 1,721 :: September .....: 1,777 1,719 1,977 1,925 1,736 October .......: 1,795 1,731 1,527 1,501 1,746 :: October .......: 1,899 1,754 2,093 1,886 1,606 November ......: 1,943 1,717 1,459 1,583 :: November ......: 1,948 1,898 2,036 2,047 Final .........: 1,973 1,828 1,418 1,623 :: Final .........: 1,961 1,921 2,041 2,121 : :: : Illinois : :: Nebraska : September .....: 2,132 1,696 2,019 2,080 1,896 :: September .....: 1,736 1,669 1,943 1,887 1,592 October .......: 2,225 1,683 2,127 2,120 1,888 :: October .......: 2,071 1,777 2,002 2,069 1,597 November ......: 2,249 1,601 2,170 2,222 :: November ......: 2,174 1,722 1,980 2,148 Final .........: 2,264 1,603 2,170 2,227 :: Final .........: 2,174 1,722 1,980 2,148 : :: : Indiana : :: North Dakota : September .....: 1,880 1,496 2,056 1,846 1,655 :: September .....: 1,418 1,147 1,242 1,055 1,281 October .......: 2,001 1,501 1,994 1,811 1,749 :: October .......: 1,485 1,246 1,439 1,014 1,298 November ......: 2,054 1,569 1,963 1,822 :: November ......: 1,515 1,253 1,442 1,009 Final .........: 2,052 1,561 1,959 1,836 :: Final .........: 1,514 1,195 1,442 1,009 : :: : Iowa : :: Ohio : September .....: 1,823 1,601 1,675 1,732 1,585 :: September .....: 2,019 1,563 1,811 2,060 1,798 October .......: 1,984 1,642 1,933 1,800 1,653 :: October .......: 2,180 1,760 1,972 1,989 1,890 November ......: 2,082 1,660 1,927 1,894 :: November ......: 2,210 1,587 1,983 2,074 Final .........: 2,097 1,682 1,927 1,890 :: Final .........: 2,210 1,587 1,981 2,116 : :: : Kansas : :: South Dakota : September .....: 1,552 1,561 1,650 1,404 1,456 :: September .....: 1,649 1,504 1,688 1,626 1,258 October .......: 1,456 1,604 1,699 1,480 1,400 :: October .......: 1,867 1,316 1,720 1,526 1,291 November ......: 1,548 1,596 1,629 1,551 :: November ......: 1,822 1,331 1,696 1,512 Final .........: 1,558 1,583 1,629 1,514 :: Final .........: 1,724 1,353 1,696 1,522 : :: : Minnesota : :: 11-State : September .....: 1,605 1,465 1,607 1,603 1,468 :: September .....: 1,786 1,561 1,780 1,717 1,604 October .......: 1,616 1,474 1,782 1,545 1,581 :: October .......: 1,895 1,593 1,882 1,725 1,628 November ......: 1,569 1,458 1,751 1,557 :: November ......: 1,938 1,582 1,866 1,788 Final .........: 1,569 1,458 1,751 1,557 :: Final .........: 1,938 1,586 1,865 1,798 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Soybean Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2018-2022 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : October : November Year :----------------------------------------------------------- : Mature 1/ : Mature 1/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : 2018 ..........: 57 93 2019 ..........: 25 91 2020 ..........: 64 94 2021 ..........: 61 92 2022 ..........: 42 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes soybeans with brown pods and are considered mature or almost mature. Cotton Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in four cotton-producing States during 2022. Randomly selected plots in cotton fields are visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey. Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts - Selected States: 2018-2022 [Includes small bolls (less than one inch in diameter), large unopened bolls (at least one inch in diameter), open bolls, partially opened bolls, and burrs per 40 feet of row. November, December, and Final exclude small bolls. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : State and month : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Arkansas : September ..........: 891 900 994 990 811 October ............: 910 896 849 838 799 November ...........: 892 925 820 809 December ...........: 892 900 820 807 Final ..............: 892 900 820 807 : Georgia : September ..........: 605 598 606 597 605 October ............: 737 783 747 658 648 November ...........: 712 790 761 669 December ...........: 719 799 784 694 Final ..............: 713 803 785 694 : Louisiana 1/ : September ..........: 759 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) October ............: 734 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) November ...........: 739 (NA) (NA) (NA) December ...........: 739 (NA) (NA) (NA) Final ..............: 739 (NA) (NA) (NA) : Mississippi : September ..........: 871 944 900 957 804 October ............: 895 895 867 807 814 November ...........: 846 904 877 848 December ...........: 846 901 875 849 Final ..............: 846 901 875 851 : North Carolina 1/ : September ..........: 601 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) October ............: 641 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) November ...........: 714 (NA) (NA) (NA) December ...........: 719 (NA) (NA) (NA) Final ..............: 719 (NA) (NA) (NA) : Texas : September ..........: 570 458 576 491 583 October ............: 576 438 581 512 615 November ...........: 553 456 595 538 December ...........: 583 459 608 539 Final ..............: 582 461 608 539 : 4-State 2/ : September ..........: 627 551 645 567 641 October ............: 661 562 661 573 668 November ...........: 640 579 671 595 December ...........: 659 580 683 599 Final ..............: 657 593 693 597 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Objective yield survey discontinued in 2019. 2/ 6-State total prior to 2019. September Weather Summary The month began amidst an historic Western heat wave and ended shortly after Hurricane Ian battered Florida's peninsula with historically high winds, flooding rain, and a massive storm surge. Between those extremes, extended periods of warm, mostly dry weather favored maturation and harvesting of spring-sown crops in key agricultural regions, including the Midwest, Plains, and South. September warmth was especially prominent from the Pacific Coast to the Plains, with monthly temperatures broadly averaging at least 2 to 4°F above normal. However, drier-than-normal weather sapped topsoil moisture in those same regions, leading to concerns as planting for the 2023 winter wheat crop advanced. Nationally, winter wheat planting was 40 percent complete by October 2, up from 3 percent on September 4. By October 2, topsoil moisture was rated at least one-half very short to short in 22 states, led by Oklahoma at 92 percent. In contrast, Florida's topsoil moisture was rated 46 percent surplus in Ian's wake on October 2, up from 12 percent the previous week. Quality of some Southern crops, including Louisiana's soybeans, was reduced by wetness that had developed in late August, although more favorable weather returned in September. Nationally, topsoil moisture was rated 58 percent very short to short by October 2, the highest at any time during the long-running, multi-year drought (previously, 56 percent on October 18, 2020). Farther west, an unprecedented heat wave lasted through the first one-third of September, followed by a period of cooler conditions and widespread showers. In many areas, the heat peaked on September 6, when record-high temperatures for any time of year were tied or broken in California locations such as Ukiah (117°F), Merced (116°F), Livermore (116°F), downtown Sacramento (116°F), Stockton (115°F), and Napa (114°F). A day later, on the 7th, Salt Lake City, Utah, tied an all-time-record high with 107°F, while monthly records were broken in Montana locations such as Glasgow (106°F) and Havre (104°F). As the Western heat wave began to break, Tropical Storm Kay-a former eastern Pacific hurricane-approached southern California. Before dissipating on September 9, Kay moved within about 130 miles of San Diego. Moisture associated with Kay's remnants lingered for days across the West before being absorbed by cold fronts crossing the North. Late in the month, frost and freezes dotted the North, including the northern Plains and upper Midwest. Most summer crops were sufficiently mature enough to withstand the frost-or were not subjected to temperatures low enough to cause harm. By October 2, three-quarters (75 percent) of the U.S. corn was fully mature, while 81 percent of the soybeans were dropping leaves. Any September rain across the Plains and western Corn Belt arrived too late to significantly benefit drought-stressed summer crops. By October 2, nearly half (49 percent) of the Nation's sorghum was rated in very poor to poor condition, along with 46 percent of the cotton. Predominantly Midwestern crops fared better, with 21 percent of the Nation's corn and only 16 percent of the soybeans rated very poor to poor on that date. In Nebraska, however, more than one-third of the corn and soybeans-41 and 35 percent, respectively- were rated in very poor to poor condition on October 2. Across the western half of the country, rangeland and pastures continued to reflect the effects of long-term drought. On October 2, nearly one-half (44 percent) of the Nation's rangeland and pastures were rated in very poor to poor condition, down slightly from a summer peak of 52 percent on August 14. More than three-quarters of the rangeland and pastures were rated very poor to poor on the 2nd in Nebraska (80 percent) and Kansas (78 percent). During the 4-week period ending September 27, drought coverage in the contiguous United States increased from 45.5 to 50.9 percent, an increase of 5.4 percentage points, according to the Drought Monitor. Drought broadly expanded across the Plains, Northwest, and western Corn Belt, while reductions in drought coverage were noted in the Southwest and Northeast. Drought has covered more than 40 percent of the contiguous United States for 2 full years, from September 29, 2020 - September 27, 2022. Despite improved conditions for Western wildfire containment, periods of smoky, hazy weather persisted. During September, most of the active fires stretched from the Pacific Coast to the northern Rockies. By month's end, three active fires-the Moose Fire in Idaho and the Cedar Creek and Double Creek Fires in Oregon-had charred more than 100,000 acres apiece. California's largest wildfire of the season, the Mosquito Fire, burned nearly 77,000 acres of vegetation and destroyed more than six dozen structures. On September 23, Tropical Depression Nine formed from a tropical wave over the Caribbean Sea. The following day, Tropical Storm Ian developed between Hispaniola and the northern coast of South America. By September 26, Ian was a hurricane, bearing down on Cuba. Ian made a quick but destructive traversal of western Cuba as a Category 3 hurricane (sustained winds near 125 mph) early September 27. Ian reached peak intensity early September 28 over the Gulf of Mexico as a high-end Category 4 storm with winds near 155 mph, weakening only slightly (to 150 mph) before reaching Cayo Costa Island, Florida, near Fort Myers, at 3:05 pm that day. Ian, tied for the fifth-strongest storm ever to strike the continental United States, cut a destructive swath across Florida's peninsula, extending northeastward from the Fort Myers-to-Naples corridor. In addition to severe damage wrought by storm surge and high winds in southwestern Florida, record-setting freshwater flooding quickly developed (and persisted into October) across inland sections of the state, including the Myakka, Peace, and Saint Johns River basins. By the morning of September 29, Ian had been downgraded to a tropical storm while exiting the coast near Cape Canaveral, Florida. However, Ian again intensified over water, becoming a Category 1 hurricane with sustained winds near 85 mph while moving ashore a final time on the afternoon of September 30 near Georgetown, South Carolina. As October began, rescue, recovery, and assessment efforts were underway across Florida, while rain showers and gusty winds continued from the Carolinas into the Mid-Atlantic. Agricultural damage to crops, such as Florida's citrus, will be evaluated over the next several weeks. September Agricultural Summary September was warmer than normal for most of Nation's central and western States. Large parts of California, the Great Basin, Great Plains, Pacific Northwest, and Rockies recorded temperatures 4°F or more above normal for the month. In contrast, large parts of the Mississippi Valley, New England, Ohio Valley, and Southeast were moderately cooler than normal, as were parts of Texas. While most of the central parts of the Nation remained drier than normal for the month, higher than normal amounts of precipitation were recorded in much of California, Florida, the Northeast, Rockies, and Southwest. Due to Hurricane Ian, most of Central and Southern Florida received 12 inches or more of rain for the month. By September 4, ninety-two percent of the corn acreage was at or beyond the dough stage, 2 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By September 4, sixty-three percent of this year's corn acreage was at or beyond the denting stage, 9 percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Fifteen percent of the Nation's corn acreage was mature by September 4, four percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By September 18, eighty-seven percent of this year's corn acreage was at or beyond the denting stage, 5 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Forty percent of the Nation's corn acreage was mature by September 18, fourteen percentage points behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Seven percent of the 2022 corn acreage was harvested by September 18, two percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average harvest pace. By October 2, ninety-six percent of this year's corn acreage was at or beyond the denting stage, 4 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Seventy-five percent of the Nation's corn acreage was mature by October 2, eleven percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Twenty percent of the 2022 corn acreage had been harvested by October 2, seven percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On October 2, fifty-two percent of the Nation's corn acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 7 percentage points below the same time last year. By September 4, ninety-four percent of the Nation's soybean acreage had begun setting pods, 2 percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year average. Leaf drop was 10 percent complete Nationally by September 4, seven percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Leaf drop was 42 percent complete Nationally by September 18, thirteen percentage points behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Soybean harvest across the Nation was 3 percent complete by September 18, two percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year average. Leaf drop was 81 percent complete Nationally by October 2, three percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Soybean harvest across the Nation was 22 percent complete by October 2, nine percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On October 2, fifty-five percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 3 percentage points below the previous year. Nationwide, producers had sown 3 percent of the intended 2023 winter wheat acreage by September 4, two percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Nationwide, producers had sown 21 percent of the intended 2023 winter wheat acreage by September 18, one percentage point ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. At 45 percent planted, planting progress was most advanced in Washington, 12 percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationwide, 2 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by September 18, one percentage point behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Nationwide, producers had sown 40 percent of the intended 2023 winter wheat acreage by October 2, five percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationwide, 15 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by October 2, three percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By September 4, ninety-seven percent of the Nation's cotton acreage had begun setting bolls, 4 percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By September 4, thirty-nine percent of the Nation's cotton had open bolls, 11 percentage points ahead of last year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By September 18, fifty-nine percent of the Nation's cotton had open bolls, 13 percentage points ahead of last year and 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By September 18, eleven percent of the Nation's cotton acreage was harvested, 3 percentage points ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. By October 2, seventy-seven percent of the Nation's cotton had open bolls, 8 percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By October 2, twenty-two percent of the Nation's cotton acreage was harvested, 9 percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On October 2, thirty-one percent of the 2022 cotton acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 31 percentage points below the same time last year. By September 4, ninety-two percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage had reached the headed stage, 6 percentage points behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Sixty-two percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was at or beyond the coloring stage by September 4, nine percentage points behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By September 4, twenty-eight percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was mature, 3 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Twenty percent of the 2022 sorghum acreage had been harvested by September 4, one percentage point ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Eighty-five percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was at or beyond the coloring stage by September 18, six percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By September 18, forty-four percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was mature, 5 percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Twenty-four percent of the 2022 sorghum acreage had been harvested by September 18, equal to last year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Ninety-six percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was at or beyond the coloring stage by October 2, three percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Coloring was at or near completion in all 6 estimating States. By October 2, sixty-nine percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was mature, 8 percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Thirty-four percent of the 2022 sorghum acreage had been harvested by October 2, three percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Ninety-one percent of Texas' sorghum acreage was harvested by October 2, eight percentage points ahead of last year and 10 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Twenty percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was rated in good to excellent condition on October 2, thirty-six percentage points below the same time last year. Nationally, 24 percent of the rice acreage was harvested by September 4, three percentage points behind the previous year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationally, 45 percent of the rice acreage was harvested by September 18, four percentage points behind the previous year and 6 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On September 18, seventy-two percent of the Nation's rice acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 4 percentage points below the same time last year. Nationally, 70 percent of the rice acreage was harvested by October 2, one percentage point behind the previous year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Ninety-five percent of the Nation's oat acreage had been harvested by September 11, two percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Harvesting of oats was complete or nearing completion in all 9 estimating States. By September 4, barley producers had harvested 77 percent of the Nation's barley crop, 14 percentage points behind last year and 9 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Harvest progress was behind the 5-year average in all 5 estimating States. By September 18, barley producers had harvested 94 percent of the Nation's barley crop, 5 percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By September 4, seventy-one percent of the Nation's spring wheat had been harvested, 23 percentage points behind the previous year and 12 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By September 18, ninety-four percent of the Nation's spring wheat had been harvested, 6 percentage points behind the previous year but equal to the 5-year average. Harvesting of spring wheat was complete or nearing completion in all 6 estimating States. Four percent of the Nation's peanut acreage was harvested as of September 18, equal to last year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Twenty-eight percent of the Nation's peanut acreage was harvested as of October 2, ten percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On October 2, sixty-five percent of the Nation's peanut acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 6 percentage points below the same time last year. By September 18, sugarbeet producers had harvested 8 percent of the Nation's crop, 3 percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By October 2, sugarbeet producers had harvested 19 percent of the Nation's crop, equal to last year but 6 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By October 2, one percent of this year's sunflower crop was harvested, 4 percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Crop Comments Corn: After a thorough review of all available data, acreage estimates are unchanged from last month. Total planted area, at 88.6 million acres, is unchanged from the previous estimate but down 5 percent from the previous year. Acreage harvested for grain, forecast at 80.8 million acres, is unchanged from the previous forecast but down 5 percent from last year. The October 1 corn objective yield data indicate the seventh highest number of ears on record for the combined objective yield States (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin). At 13.9 billion bushels, the 2022 corn production for grain is forecast to be the seventh highest production on record for the United States. The forecasted yield, at 171.9 bushels per acre, is down 3 percent from last year's record high final estimate of 176.7 bushels per acre. Record high yields are forecast in California, Illinois, Virginia, and Wisconsin. By September 4, ninety-two percent of the corn acreage was at or beyond the dough stage, 2 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By September 4, sixty-three percent of this year's corn acreage was denting, 9 percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Fifteen percent of the Nation's corn acreage was mature by September 4, four percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By September 11, ninety-five percent of the corn acreage was at or beyond the dough stage, equal to last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By September 11, seventy-seven percent of this year's corn was denting, 8 percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Twenty-five percent of the Nation's corn was mature by September 11, ten percentage points behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Five percent of the 2022 corn acreage was harvested by September 11, two percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average pace. By September 18, eighty-seven percent of this year's corn acreage was denting, 5 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Forty percent of the Nation's corn was mature by September 18, fourteen percentage points behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Seven percent of the 2022 corn acreage was harvested by September 18, two percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the average pace. By September 25, ninety-two percent of this year's corn acreage was denting, 4 percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Fifty-eight percent of the Nation's corn acreage was mature by September 25, fourteen percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Twelve percent of the 2022 corn acreage was harvested by September 25, five percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average pace. On September 25, fifty-two percent of the Nation's corn was rated in good to excellent condition, 7 percentage points below the same time last year. By October 2, ninety-six percent of this year's corn acreage was denting, 4 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Seventy-five percent of the Nation's corn acreage was mature by October 2, eleven percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Twenty percent of the 2022 corn acreage was harvested by October 2, seven percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average harvest pace. On October 2, fifty-two percent of the Nation's corn acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 7 percentage points below the same time last year. Sorghum: After a thorough review of all available data acreage estimates are unchanged from last month. Planted area, at 6.37 million acres, is unchanged from the previous estimate but down 13 percent from last year. Area harvested for grain is forecast at 5.48 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 16 percent from 2021. Sorghum production is forecast at 245 million bushels, down 3 percent from the previous estimate and down 45 percent from last year. Based on October 1 conditions, yield is forecast at 44.6 bushels per acre, 24.4 bushels below the 2021 yield of 69.0 bushels per acre. If realized, Texas will have a record low in planted and harvested acres. As of October 2, sixty-nine percent of the sorghum acreage was mature, 8 percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead the 5-year average. Thirty-four percent of the sorghum acreage had been harvested, 3 percentage point behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Twenty percent of sorghum acreage was rated in good to excellent condition on October 2, compared with 56 percent at the same time last year. Rice: Production is forecast at 165 million cwt, up less than 1 percent from the previous forecast but down 14 percent from 2021. If realized, this will be the smallest production for the United States since 1996. Total production in California is estimated at 23.0 million cwt. If realized, this will be the smallest production for California since 1968. Area for harvest in the Nation is expected to total 2.18 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 13 percent from 2021. Based on conditions as of October 1, the average United States yield is forecast at 7,599 pounds per acre, up 13 pounds per acre from the previous forecast but down 110 pounds per acre from 2021. As of October 2, seventy percent of the rice acreage was harvested, 1 percentage point behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Soybeans: After a thorough review of all available data, acreage estimates are unchanged from last month. Total planted area, at 87.5 million acres, is unchanged from the previous estimate but up less than 1 percent from the previous year. Acreage harvested for beans is forecast at 86.6 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up less than 1 percent from last year. Soybean production is forecast at 4.31 billion bushels, down 1 percent from the previous estimate and down 3 percent from last year. The forecasted yield, at 49.8 bushels per acre, is down 4 percent from last year's final estimate of 51.7 bushels per acre. Record high yields are forecast in Arkansas, Mississippi, and South Carolina. The October objective yield data for the combined 11 major soybean-producing States (Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, and South Dakota) indicate a lower pod count compared with the previous year. Compared with final counts for 2021, pod counts are down in 8 of the 11 published States. Nebraska showed the greatest decrease, down 551 pods per 18 square feet from the previous year. As of October 2, eighty-one percent of the United States soybean acreage was at or beyond the leaf dropping stage, 3 percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Soybean harvest was 22 percent complete as of October 2, nine percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. As of October 2, fifty-five percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 3 percentage points behind the same time last year. Sunflower: The first production forecast for 2022 is 2.91 billion pounds, up 53 percent from the revised 2021 production of 1.91 billion pounds. Area planted, at 1.69 million acres, is up 1 percent from the June estimate and up 31 percent from last year. Sunflower growers expect to harvest 1.63 million acres, up 2 percent from the June forecast and up 31 percent from 2021. Acreage updates were made in several States based on a thorough review of all available data. The October yield forecast, at 1,782 pounds per acre, is 253 pounds higher than last year's yield and will be the second highest on record for the Nation, if realized. The forecasted production in North Dakota, the leading sunflower-producing State this year, is 1.30 billion pounds, an increase of 70 percent from 2021. Compared with last year, the average yield forecast of 1,846 pounds per acre in North Dakota is up 265 pounds. In South Dakota, the average yield is forecast at 1,912 pounds per acre, up 280 pounds from last year. The average yield in both North Dakota and South Dakota will be the second highest on record, if realized. In contrast, the average yield in California, at 900 pounds per acre, will be a record low, if realized. By the beginning of October, harvest was underway in 3 of the 4 estimating States published in the weekly Crop Progress and Condition report, with harvest not yet started in North Dakota. As of October 2, one percent of the Nation's sunflower acreage was harvested, 4 percentage points behind last year's pace and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average pace. Peanuts: Production is forecast at 5.77 million pounds in 2022, down 1 percent from the previous forecast, and down 9 percent from 2021. Area harvested is expected to total 1.41 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 8 percent from 2021. Based on conditions as of October 1, the average yield for the United States is forecast at 4,090 pounds per acre, down 55 pounds per acre from the previous forecast, and down 40 pounds per acre from 2021. Record high yields are forecast for South Carolina and Virginia. On October 2, sixty-five percent of the United States peanut acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, compared to seventy-one percent at the same time last year. Canola: The first production forecast for 2022 is a record high 3.95 billion pounds, up 45 percent from the 2021 revised production of 2.72 billion pounds. Production in both North Dakota and Washington will be the highest on record, if realized. Area planted for the Nation, at a record high 2.21 million acres, is up 13 percent from the June estimate and up 3 percent from last year's area. Canola farmers expect to harvest a record high 2.16 million acres, up 13 percent from June and up 3 percent from 2021. Acreage updates were made in several States based on a thorough review of all available data. The October yield forecast, at 1,826 pounds per acre, is 524 pounds above last year's yield and will represent the third highest average yield on record for the Nation, if realized. Compared with last year, yields are forecast to be up in 4 of the 6 major canola-producing States. The average yield forecast in Washington is up 680 pounds per acre from last year's average yield. In contrast, the average yield forecast in Oklahoma is down 850 pounds per acre from last year. Compared with 2021, the average yield in Kansas is down 660 pounds per acre and will be the lowest on record in that State since the published data series began, if realized. The yield in North Dakota, the largest canola-producing State, is forecast at 1,920 pounds per acre, up 580 pounds from last year's yield. Planted area in North Dakota is estimated at a record high 1.80 million acres, up 3 percent from last year. Planting of this year's canola crop in North Dakota generally lagged well behind last year's pace and the 5-year average pace. As of June 5, only 65 percent of the crop had been planted, 29 percentage points behind both last year's pace and the 5-year average pace. Blooming of the canola crop began in late June. As of June 26, fifteen percent of the canola acreage was at or past the blooming stage, 15 percentage points behind last year's pace and 12 percentage points behind the 5-year average pace. Maturation of the crop remained behind both last year's pace and the 5-year average pace through July and into August. Harvest began in mid-August and progressed to 88 percent complete by October 2, seven percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Cotton: Upland harvested area for the Nation is expected to total 7.71 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 24 percent from last year. Expected Pima harvested area at 164,500 acres is unchanged from the previous estimate but up 33 percent from last year. If realized, Upland harvested area for Texas will be the lowest on record. As of October 2, thirty-one percent of the cotton acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, compared with 62 percent at the same time last year. As of October 2, seventy-seven percent of cotton acreage was at or beyond the bolls opening stage, 8 percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Twenty-two percent of cotton acreage had been harvested by October 2, nine percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Ginnings totaled 1,109,650 running bales prior to October 1, compared with 740,550 running bales ginned prior to the same date last year. Alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures: Production of alfalfa and alfalfa mixture dry hay for 2022 is forecast at 48.8 million tons, down 1 percent from the August forecast, and down 1 percent from 2021. Based on October 1 conditions, yields are expected to average 3.16 tons per acre, down 0.01 ton from the August forecast and down 0.07 ton from last year. Harvested area is forecast at 15.5 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report, but up 1 percent from 2021. A record high yield is forecasted in Wyoming. Other hay: Production of other hay is forecast at 63.2 million tons, down 7 percent from the August forecast, and down 11 percent from 2021. Based on October 1 conditions, the United States yield is expected to average 1.75 tons per acre, down 0.13 ton from the August forecast and down 0.25 ton from last year. Harvested area is forecast at 36.0 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report but up 2 percent from 2021. A record high yield is expected in Idaho. Dry beans: Production of dry edible beans is forecast at 25.3 million cwt, up 3 percent from the previous forecast and up 11 percent from 2021. Area planted is estimated at 1.25 million acres, down 3 percent from the August forecast and down 10 percent from 2021. Area harvested is forecast at 1.21 million acres, down 3 percent from the August forecast and down 10 percent from 2021. The yield is forecast at 2,095 pounds per acre, an increase of 116 pounds from previous forecast and up 394 pounds from last season. Tobacco: The 2022 United States all tobacco production is forecast at 435 million pounds, down 2 percent from last month and down 9 percent from 2021. Area harvested, at 205,600 acres, is down 2 percent from the previous month and down 6 percent from last year. Yield for the 2022 crop year is forecast at 2,116 pounds per acre, up 16 pounds from last month but 67 pounds below last year. Sugarbeets: Production of sugarbeets for the 2022 crop year is forecast at 33.1 million tons, down 1 percent from last month and down 10 percent from last year. Producers expect to harvest 1.15 million acres, unchanged from last month but up 4 percent from last year. Yield is forecast at 28.8 tons per acre, down 0.2 ton from last month and down 4.4 tons from last year. Sugarcane: Production of sugarcane for sugar and seed is forecast at 34.2 million tons, up 1 percent from the previous forecast and up 4 percent from last season. Producers intend to harvest 920,500 acres for sugar and seed during the 2022 crop year, up slightly from last month but down 2 percent from 2021. Yields for sugar and seed are expected to average 37.1 tons per acre, up 0.2 ton from last month and up 2.0 tons from last season. Grapefruit: The United States 2022-2023 grapefruit crop is forecast at 329,000 tons, down 12 percent from last season's final utilization. The California forecast, at 4.10 million boxes (164,000 tons), is unchanged from the last season. The Florida forecast, at 2.0 million boxes (85,000 tons), is down 40 percent from the last season. The Texas forecast at 2.00 million boxes (80,000 tons), is up 18 percent from the 2021-2022 season. Lemons: The 2022-2023 United States lemon crop is forecast at 966,000 tons, down 7 percent from last season's final utilization. The California forecast, at 23.0 million boxes (920,000 tons), is down 8 percent from the 2021-2022 season. The Arizona forecast, at 1.15 million boxes (46,000 tons), is up 21 percent from last year. Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 833,000 tons, up 14 percent from last season's final utilization. The California tangerine and mandarin forecast, at 20.0 million boxes (800,000 tons), is up 15 percent from the previous year. The Florida tangerine and mandarin forecast, at 700,000 boxes (33,000 tons), is down 7 percent from last year. Pecans: Production is forecast at 291 million pounds, up 14 percent from 2021. Improved varieties are expected to produce 282 million pounds or 97 percent of the total. The native and seedling varieties are expected to produce 8.30 million pounds, making up the remaining 3 percent of production. Statistical Methodology Field crop survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between September 24 and October 5 to gather information on expected yield as of October 1. The objective yield surveys for corn, cotton, and soybeans were conducted in the major producing States that usually account for about 75 percent of the United States production. Randomly selected plots were revisited to make current counts. The counts made within each sample plot depend on the crop and the maturity of that crop. In all cases, plant counts are recorded along with other measurements that provide information to forecast the number of ears, bolls, or pods and their weight. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are visited starting in September and are revisited each month until crop maturity when the fruit is harvested and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting loss. Starting in 2019, NASS eliminated the August objective yield survey for cotton (except Texas), corn, and soybeans. The farm operator survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail, internet, and personal interviewers. Approximately 8,200 producers were interviewed during the survey period and asked questions about probable yield. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide indications of average yields. Orange survey procedures: In Florida, during August and September, the number of bearing trees and the number of fruit per tree is determined. In August and subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which combined with the previous components are used to develop the current forecast of production. California and Texas conduct grower surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California also conducts objective measurement surveys in September for Navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges. Field crop estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each Regional Field Office submits their analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published October 1 forecasts. Orange estimating procedures: State level objective measurement estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. Reports from growers in California and Texas were also used for setting estimates. These three States submit their analyses of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published October 1 forecast. Revision policy: The October 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month throughout the growing season. End-of-season estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the marketing season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. Estimates of planted acres for spring planted crops are subject to revision in the August Crop Production report if conditions altered the planting intentions since the mid-year survey. Planted acres may also be revised for cotton, peanuts, and rice in the September Crop Production report each year; spring wheat, Durum wheat, barley, and oats only in the Small Grains Annual report at the end of September; and all other spring planted crops in the October Crop Production report. Revisions to planted acres will only be made when special survey data, administrative data, such as Farm Service Agency program "sign up" data, or remote sensing data are available. Harvested acres may be revised any time a production forecast is made if there is strong evidence that the intended harvested area has changed since the last forecast. End-of-season orange estimates will be published in August Citrus Fruits Summary. The orange production estimates are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use. Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the October 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the October 1 production forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years. For example, the "Root Mean Square Error" for the October 1 corn for grain production forecast is 1.9 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current production forecast will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 1.9 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 3.3 percent. Also, shown in the following table is a 20-year record for selected crops of the differences between the October 1 forecast and the final estimate. Using corn again as an example, changes between the October 1 forecast and the final estimate during the last 20 years have averaged 194 million bushels, ranging from 3 million bushels to 610 million bushels. The October 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 9 times and above 10 times. This does not imply that the October 1 corn forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. Reliability of October 1 Crop Production Forecasts [Based on data for the past twenty years] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : : Difference between forecast : : : and final estimate : : :---------------------------------------- : :90 percent : Production : Years Crop : Root mean :confidence :---------------------------------------- :square error: interval : : : : Below : Above : : :Average:Smallest:Largest: final : final ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---- percent --- ------ millions ----- number : Corn for grain ........bushels: 1.9 3.3 194 3 610 9 10 Hay : Alfalfa .................tons: 5.1 8.8 2 (Z) 7 4 15 Other ...................tons: 4.1 7.1 3 (Z) 6 3 16 Oranges 1/ ...............tons: 7.9 13.6 425 2 1,676 3 16 Peanut 1/ ..............pounds: 6.6 11.5 280 16 729 11 8 Rice ......................cwt: 1.8 3.1 3 (Z) 12 11 8 Sorghum for grain .....bushels: 5.3 9.1 14 2 31 9 10 Soybeans for beans ....bushels: 2.6 4.5 62 1 261 14 5 Sugarbeets for sugar .....tons: 5.2 9.0 1 (Z) 5 8 11 Sugarcane ................tons: 6.0 10.3 2 (Z) 4 10 9 Upland cotton 1/ ........bales: 6.8 11.7 952 76 2,439 7 12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ Quantity is in thousands of units. USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch.................................................. (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section......................................... (202) 720-2127 Irwin Anolik - Crop Weather.................................................. (202) 720-7621 Joshua Bates - Hemp, Oats, Soybeans.......................................... (202) 690-3234 David Colwell - Current Agricultural Industrial Reports...................... (202) 720-8800 Michelle Harder - Barley, County Estimates, Hay.............................. (202) 690-8533 James Johanson - Rye, Wheat.................................................. (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet.................................. (202) 720-9526 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum.............................. (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Sunflower, Other Oilseeds................................... (202) 720-7369 Lihan Wei - Peanuts, Rice.................................................... (202) 720-7688 Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section................ (202) 720-2127 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Asparagus, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Onions, Plums, Prunes, Sweet Corn, Tobacco................................................ (202) 720-4288 Robert Little - Apricots, Dry Beans, Lettuce, Macadamia, Maple Syrup, Nectarines, Pears, Snap Beans, Spinach, Tomatoes.................................. (202) 720-3250 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Cauliflower, Celery, Garlic, Grapefruit, Kiwifruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios............................................................... (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Blueberries, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Raspberries, Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes.......... (202) 720-4285 Antonio Torres - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Papayas, Peaches, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Walnuts, Watermelons............. (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cabbage, Chickpeas, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Grapes, Hops, Pecans.......................... (202) 720-4215 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" or "State" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Cornell's Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS's and other agency's archived reports. The new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from the new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via e-mail, you will have to go to the new website, create a new account and re-subscribe to the reports. If you need instructions to set up an account or subscribe, they are located at: https://usda.library.cornell.edu/help. You should whitelist notifications@usda-esmis.library.cornell.edu in your email client to avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders. 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