Crop Production ISSN: 1936-3737 Released July 10, 2020, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Winter Wheat Production Down 4 Percent from June Durum Wheat Production Up 3 Percent from 2019 Other Spring Wheat Production Down 2 Percent from 2019 Orange Production Up 1 Percent from June Winter wheat production is forecast at 1.22 billion bushels, down 4 percent from the June 1 forecast and down 7 percent from 2019. As of July 1, the United States yield is forecast at 52.0 bushels per acre, down 0.1 bushel from last month and down 1.6 bushels from last year's average yield of 53.6 bushels per acre. The area expected to be harvested for grain or seed totals 23.4 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report released on June 30, 2020, but down 4 percent from last year. Hard Red Winter production, at 710 million bushels, is down 4 percent from last month. Soft Red Winter, at 280 million bushels, is down 6 percent from the June forecast. White Winter, at 227 million bushels, is up 1 percent from last month. Of the White Winter production, 15.5 million bushels are Hard White and 212 million bushels are Soft White. Durum wheat production is forecast at 55.6 million bushels, up 3 percent from 2019. The United States yield is forecast at 38.5 bushels per acre, down 7.2 bushels from last year. Area expected to be harvested for grain or seed totals 1.44 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report released on June 30, 2020, but up 23 percent from 2019. Other spring wheat production for grain is forecast at 550 million bushels, down 2 percent from last year. Area harvested for grain or seed is expected to total 11.8 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report released on June 30, 2020, but 1 percent above 2019. The United States yield is forecast at 46.6 bushels per acre, down 1.6 bushels from last year. Of the total production, 502 million bushels are Hard Red Spring wheat, down 4 percent from last year. The United States all orange forecast for the 2019-2020 season is 5.14 million tons, up 1 percent from the previous forecast but down 5 percent from the 2018-2019 final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 67.7 million boxes (3.04 million tons), is unchanged from the previous forecast but down 6 percent from last season's final utilization. In Florida, early, midseason, and Navel varieties are forecast at 29.7 million boxes (1.33 million tons), unchanged from the previous forecast but down 2 percent from last season's final utilization. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 38.0 million boxes (1.71 million tons), is unchanged from the previous forecast but 8 percent below last season's final utilization. The California all orange forecast is 51.0 million boxes (2.04 million tons), up 5 percent from the previous forecast but down 1 percent from last season's final utilization. The California Navel orange forecast, at 42.0 million boxes (1.68 million tons), is up 5 percent from the previous forecast but unchanged from last season's final utilization. The California Valencia orange forecast, at 9.00 million boxes (360,000 tons), is up 6 percent from the previous forecast but down 4 percent from last season's final utilization. The Texas all orange forecast, at 1.34 million boxes (57,000 tons), is down 42 percent from the previous forecast and down 46 percent from last season's final utilization. This report was approved on July 10, 2020. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Stephen L. Censky Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Joseph L. Parsons Contents Oat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted July 1, 2020...... 4 Barley Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted July 1, 2020... 4 Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted July 1, 2020................................................................................................ 5 Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted July 1, 2020................................................................................................ 6 Other Spring Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted July 1, 2020................................................................................................ 6 Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2019 and Forecasted July 1, 2020................................. 6 Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2018-2019 and Forecasted July 1, 2020................................................................................................ 7 Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted July 1, 2020..................................................................................... 8 Apricots Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted July 1, 2020............................ 9 Almond Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted July 1, 2020.............................. 9 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2019 and 2020..... 10 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2019 and 2020....... 12 Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2019 and 2020................................. 14 Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2019 and 2020................................... 15 Winter Wheat Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2016-2020............. 16 Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot - Selected States: 2016-2020............................................. 17 Percent of Normal Precipitation Map......................................................................... 18 Departure from Normal Temperature Map....................................................................... 18 June Weather Summary........................................................................................ 19 June Agricultural Summary................................................................................... 19 Crop Comments............................................................................................... 22 Statistical Methodology..................................................................................... 24 Reliability of July 1 Crop Production Forecasts............................................................. 25 Information Contacts........................................................................................ 26 Oat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted July 1, 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres ---- bushels ---- 1,000 bushels : California .......: 2 7 60.0 60.0 120 420 Idaho ............: 12 13 92.0 85.0 1,104 1,105 Illinois .........: 10 20 65.0 77.0 650 1,540 Iowa .............: 69 80 58.0 70.0 4,002 5,600 Kansas ...........: 18 35 64.0 69.0 1,152 2,415 Maine ............: 19 22 76.0 65.0 1,444 1,430 Michigan .........: 25 35 57.0 60.0 1,425 2,100 Minnesota ........: 100 130 62.0 66.0 6,200 8,580 Montana ..........: 24 25 55.0 50.0 1,320 1,250 Nebraska .........: 18 20 63.0 68.0 1,134 1,360 : New York .........: 39 39 60.0 54.0 2,340 2,106 North Dakota .....: 115 125 86.0 69.0 9,890 8,625 Ohio .............: 25 25 46.0 59.0 1,150 1,475 Oregon ...........: 9 7 97.0 100.0 873 700 Pennsylvania .....: 50 57 53.0 54.0 2,650 3,078 South Dakota .....: 75 115 82.0 80.0 6,150 9,200 Texas ............: 40 55 50.0 43.0 2,000 2,365 Wisconsin ........: 120 125 54.0 66.0 6,480 8,250 : Other States 1/ ..: 56 63 54.7 54.4 3,064 3,425 : United States ....: 826 998 64.3 65.2 53,148 65,024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Other States include: Arkansas, Georgia, Missouri, North Carolina, and Oklahoma. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Small Grains 2020 Summary." Barley Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted July 1, 2020 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :----------------------------------------------------------------- State : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ---- bushels --- 1,000 bushels : Arizona ........: 14 14 126.0 110.0 1,764 1,540 California .....: 43 34 66.0 52.0 2,838 1,768 Colorado .......: 52 63 138.0 131.0 7,176 8,253 Idaho ..........: 520 480 104.0 106.0 54,080 50,880 Minnesota ......: 55 45 67.0 71.0 3,685 3,195 Montana ........: 740 810 59.0 62.0 43,660 50,220 North Dakota ...: 445 425 72.0 63.0 32,040 26,775 Virginia .......: 7 9 65.0 66.0 455 594 Washington .....: 84 97 70.0 75.0 5,880 7,275 Wyoming ........: 66 60 107.0 102.0 7,062 6,120 : Other States 1/ : 156 195 70.0 67.6 10,926 13,186 : United States ..: 2,182 2,232 77.7 76.1 169,566 169,806 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States include: Alaska, Delaware, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah, and Wisconsin. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Small Grains 2020 Summary." Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted July 1, 2020 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : : : : 2020 : : : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 :-------------------: 2019 : 2020 : : : : June 1 : July 1 : : ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ------- bushels ------- --- 1,000 bushels --- : Arkansas .......: 50 75 52.0 56.0 56.0 2,600 4,200 California .....: 100 90 50.0 54.0 85.0 5,000 7,650 Colorado .......: 2,000 1,550 49.0 38.0 33.0 98,000 51,150 Idaho ..........: 680 670 87.0 87.0 90.0 59,160 60,300 Illinois .......: 550 500 67.0 73.0 68.0 36,850 34,000 Indiana ........: 260 310 62.0 71.0 70.0 16,120 21,700 Kansas .........: 6,500 6,400 52.0 49.0 48.0 338,000 307,200 Kentucky .......: 330 375 76.0 73.0 63.0 25,080 23,625 Maryland .......: 165 190 75.0 70.0 72.0 12,375 13,680 Michigan .......: 480 480 71.0 81.0 80.0 34,080 38,400 : Mississippi ....: 21 20 47.0 47.0 43.0 987 860 Missouri .......: 390 390 63.0 65.0 63.0 24,570 24,570 Montana ........: 1,900 1,450 50.0 50.0 49.0 95,000 71,050 Nebraska .......: 970 850 57.0 51.0 48.0 55,290 40,800 North Carolina .: 225 380 56.0 60.0 61.0 12,600 23,180 North Dakota ...: 70 35 53.0 40.0 40.0 3,710 1,400 Ohio ...........: 385 480 56.0 76.0 75.0 21,560 36,000 Oklahoma .......: 2,750 2,700 40.0 38.0 42.0 110,000 113,400 Oregon .........: 730 730 68.0 58.0 60.0 49,640 43,800 South Dakota ...: 770 580 52.0 52.0 51.0 40,040 29,580 : Tennessee ......: 215 230 67.0 66.0 61.0 14,405 14,030 Texas ..........: 2,050 2,100 34.0 33.0 32.0 69,700 67,200 Virginia .......: 105 165 62.0 61.0 61.0 6,510 10,065 Washington .....: 1,700 1,650 70.0 74.0 74.0 119,000 122,100 Wisconsin ......: 150 120 64.0 71.0 70.0 9,600 8,400 : Other States 1/ : 781 919 56.5 52.8 53.8 44,126 49,444 : United States ..: 24,327 23,439 53.6 52.1 52.0 1,304,003 1,217,784 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States include Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Utah, and Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Small Grains 2020 Summary." Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted July 1, 2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :---------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2020 : : : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 :-----------------: 2019 : 2020 : : : : June 1 : July 1 : : --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ------- bushels ------- 1,000 bushels : Arizona ........: 33 52 104.0 106.0 110.0 3,432 5,720 California .....: 22 22 102.0 110.0 90.0 2,244 1,980 Idaho ..........: 5 10 87.0 (NA) 87.0 435 870 Montana ........: 515 590 43.0 (NA) 34.0 22,145 20,060 North Dakota ...: 600 770 42.5 (NA) 35.0 25,500 26,950 : United States ..: 1,175 1,444 45.7 (NA) 38.5 53,756 55,580 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. Other Spring Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted July 1, 2020 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- 1,000 acres -- --- bushels --- 1,000 bushels : Idaho ..........: 440 510 89.0 84.0 39,160 42,840 Minnesota ......: 1,400 1,260 57.0 57.0 79,800 71,820 Montana ........: 2,760 2,850 37.0 38.0 102,120 108,300 North Dakota ...: 5,950 5,850 49.0 45.0 291,550 263,250 South Dakota ...: 605 815 43.0 41.0 26,015 33,415 Washington .....: 505 510 47.0 60.0 23,735 30,600 : United States ..: 11,660 11,795 48.2 46.6 562,380 550,225 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2019 and Forecasted July 1, 2020 [Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data. The previous end-of-year season class percentages are used throughout the forecast season for States that do not have survey or administrative data available] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop : 2019 : 2020 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 bushels : Winter : Hard red ............: 833,181 710,306 Soft red ............: 239,166 280,309 Hard white ..........: 19,954 15,476 Soft white ..........: 211,702 211,693 : Spring : Hard red ............: 521,557 502,183 Hard white ..........: 11,831 13,036 Soft white ..........: 28,992 35,006 Durum ...............: 53,756 55,580 : Total ............ : 1,920,139 1,823,589 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2018-2019 and Forecasted July 1, 2020 [The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized production boxes 1/ :Utilized production ton equivalent Crop and State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2018-2019 : 2019-2020 : 2018-2019 : 2019-2020 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 boxes ------ ------ 1,000 tons ----- Oranges : California, all ............: 51,400 51,000 2,056 2,040 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 42,000 42,000 1,680 1,680 Valencia ..................: 9,400 9,000 376 360 : Florida, all ...............: 71,850 67,650 3,233 3,044 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 30,400 29,650 1,368 1,334 Valencia ..................: 41,450 38,000 1,865 1,710 : Texas, all .................: 2,500 1,340 106 57 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 2,210 1,150 94 49 Valencia ..................: 290 190 12 8 : United States, all .........: 125,750 119,990 5,395 5,141 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 74,610 72,800 3,142 3,063 Valencia ..................: 51,140 47,190 2,253 2,078 : Grapefruit : California .................: 4,100 3,800 164 152 Florida, all ...............: 4,510 4,850 192 207 Red .......................: 3,740 4,060 159 173 White .....................: 770 790 33 34 Texas ......................: 6,100 4,400 244 176 : United States ..............: 14,710 13,050 600 535 : Tangerines and mandarins 3/ : California .................: 26,500 21,000 1,060 840 Florida ....................: 990 1,020 47 48 : United States ..............: 27,490 22,020 1,107 888 : Lemons : Arizona ....................: 1,350 1,900 54 76 California .................: 23,700 21,000 948 840 : United States ..............: 25,050 22,900 1,002 916 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Net pounds per box: oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; tangerines and mandarins in California-80, Florida-95; lemons-80. 2/ Navel and miscellaneous varieties in California. Early (including Navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. 3/ Includes tangelos and tangors. Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted July 1, 2020 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period had not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production Class, type and State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ acres ----- ---- pounds ---- -- 1,000 pounds -- : Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14) : Georgia ................................: 9,000 7,500 2,100 2,200 18,900 16,500 North Carolina .........................: 117,000 92,000 2,000 1,900 234,000 174,800 South Carolina .........................: 8,300 7,000 1,900 1,700 15,770 11,900 Virginia ...............................: 15,000 14,000 1,900 2,000 28,500 28,000 : United States ..........................: 149,300 120,500 1,990 1,919 297,170 231,200 : Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23) : Kentucky ...............................: 9,500 7,900 2,900 27,550 Tennessee ..............................: 6,300 5,300 2,800 17,640 Virginia ...............................: 320 250 1,800 576 : United States ..........................: 16,120 13,450 2,839 45,766 : Class 3A, Light air-cured : Type 31, Burley : Kentucky .............................: 41,000 36,000 1,900 77,900 North Carolina .......................: 400 300 1,750 700 Pennsylvania .........................: 2,500 2,100 2,600 6,500 Tennessee ............................: 4,000 4,700 1,600 6,400 Virginia .............................: 700 400 1,900 1,330 : United States ........................: 48,600 43,500 1,910 92,830 : Type 32, Southern Maryland Belt : Pennsylvania .........................: 1,000 400 2,300 2,300 : United States ........................: 1,000 400 2,300 2,300 : Total light air-cured (31-32) ....... : 49,600 43,900 1,918 95,130 : Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37) : Kentucky ...............................: 6,900 6,400 2,600 17,940 Tennessee ..............................: 3,000 2,900 2,150 6,450 : United States ..........................: 9,900 9,300 2,464 24,390 : Class 4, Cigar filler : Type 41, Pennsylvania Seedleaf : Pennsylvania .........................: 2,200 2,300 2,500 5,500 : United States ........................: 2,200 2,300 2,500 5,500 : All tobacco : United States ..........................: 227,120 189,450 2,060 467,956 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Apricots Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted July 1, 2020 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Total production State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : tons : California ............: 43,900 30,000 Washington ............: 7,400 4,800 : United States .........: 51,300 34,800 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Almond Production - States and United States: 2019 and Forecasted July 1, 2020 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Total production (shelled basis) State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds : California ............: 2,550,000 3,000,000 : United States .........: 2,550,000 3,000,000 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2019 and 2020 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2020 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 2,721 2,797 2,182 2,232 Corn for grain 1/ ......................: 89,700 92,006 81,322 84,023 Corn for silage ........................: (NA) 6,587 Hay, all ...............................: (NA) (NA) 52,425 52,381 Alfalfa ..............................: (NA) (NA) 16,743 16,352 All other ............................: (NA) (NA) 35,682 36,029 Oats ...................................: 2,810 3,134 826 998 Proso millet ...........................: 506 511 465 Rice ...................................: 2,540 2,921 2,472 2,870 Rye ....................................: 1,865 2,255 310 393 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...................: 5,265 5,620 4,675 4,845 Sorghum for silage .....................: (NA) 339 Wheat, all .............................: 45,158 44,250 37,162 36,678 Winter ...............................: 31,159 30,550 24,327 23,439 Durum ................................: 1,339 1,500 1,175 1,444 Other spring .........................: 12,660 12,200 11,660 11,795 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2,040.0 1,868.0 1,910.0 1,828.0 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) Flaxseed ...............................: 374 355 319 328 Mustard seed ...........................: 98.0 98.0 90.0 93.0 Peanuts ................................: 1,427.7 1,514.0 1,391.7 1,473.0 Rapeseed ...............................: 11.3 12.5 10.4 11.8 Safflower ..............................: 165.8 145.0 152.7 137.5 Soybeans for beans .....................: 76,100 83,825 74,951 83,020 Sunflower ..............................: 1,350.6 1,543.5 1,244.5 1,473.5 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all ............................: 13,735.7 12,185.0 11,612.5 Upland ...............................: 13,507.0 11,990.0 11,389.0 American Pima ........................: 228.7 195.0 223.5 Sugarbeets .............................: 1,132.0 1,147.9 979.3 1,126.8 Sugarcane ..............................: (NA) (NA) 913.2 920.4 Tobacco ................................: (NA) (NA) 227.1 189.5 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 451.4 304.0 404.0 298.4 Dry edible beans .......................: 1,287.4 1,588.0 1,176.5 1,533.0 Dry edible peas ........................: 1,103.0 947.0 1,052.0 902.0 Lentils ................................: 486.0 492.0 431.0 461.0 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: (NA) (NA) 56.5 59.2 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .........................: (NA) 52.4 Potatoes ...............................: 968.3 921.0 942.2 910.3 Spearmint oil ..........................: (NA) 18.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2019 and 2020 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2020 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per acre : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : --------- 1,000 -------- : Grains and hay : Barley ..........................bushels: 77.7 76.1 169,566 169,806 Corn for grain ..................bushels: 167.4 13,617,261 Corn for silage ....................tons: 20.2 132,807 Hay, all ...........................tons: 2.46 128,864 Alfalfa ..........................tons: 3.28 54,875 All other ........................tons: 2.07 73,989 Oats ............................bushels: 64.3 65.2 53,148 65,024 Proso millet ....................bushels: 35.7 16,608 Rice 2/ .............................cwt: 7,471 184,675 Rye .............................bushels: 34.3 10,622 Sorghum for grain ...............bushels: 73.0 341,460 Sorghum for silage .................tons: 11.9 4,019 Wheat, all ......................bushels: 51.7 49.7 1,920,139 1,823,589 Winter ........................bushels: 53.6 52.0 1,304,003 1,217,784 Durum .........................bushels: 45.7 38.5 53,756 55,580 Other spring ..................bushels: 48.2 46.6 562,380 550,225 : Oilseeds : Canola ...........................pounds: 1,781 3,402,000 Cottonseed .........................tons: (X) 5,945.0 Flaxseed ........................bushels: 20.0 6,395 Mustard seed .....................pounds: 706 63,580 Peanuts ..........................pounds: 3,949 5,496,087 Rapeseed .........................pounds: 2,160 22,464 Safflower ........................pounds: 1,272 194,295 Soybeans for beans ..............bushels: 47.4 3,552,241 Sunflower ........................pounds: 1,562 1,943,435 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ ....................bales: 823 19,912.5 Upland 2/ .......................bales: 810 19,227.0 American Pima 2/ ................bales: 1,472 685.5 Sugarbeets .........................tons: 29.2 28,600 Sugarcane ..........................tons: 35.0 31,937 Tobacco ..........................pounds: 2,060 467,956 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas 2/ ........................cwt: 1,544 6,237 Dry edible beans 2/ .................cwt: 1,769 20,811 Dry edible peas 2/ ..................cwt: 2,124 22,346 Lentils 2/ ..........................cwt: 1,250 5,388 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops .............................pounds: 1,981 112,041.2 Maple syrup .....................gallons: (NA) (NA) 4,180 4,372 Mushrooms ........................pounds: (NA) 846,491 Peppermint oil ...................pounds: 104 5,452 Potatoes ............................cwt: 449 422,890 Spearmint oil ....................pounds: 130 2,413 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Yield in pounds. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2019 and 2020 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2020 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 1,101,160 1,131,920 883,030 903,270 Corn for grain 1/ ..............: 36,300,690 37,233,910 32,910,200 34,003,270 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 2,665,690 Hay, all 2/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 21,215,870 21,198,070 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) (NA) 6,775,720 6,617,490 All other ....................: (NA) (NA) 14,440,150 14,580,580 Oats ...........................: 1,137,180 1,268,300 334,270 403,880 Proso millet ...................: 204,770 206,800 188,180 Rice ...........................: 1,027,910 1,182,100 1,000,390 1,161,460 Rye ............................: 754,750 912,580 125,450 159,040 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 2,130,690 2,274,360 1,891,930 1,960,720 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 137,190 Wheat, all 2/ ..................: 18,274,990 17,907,530 15,039,090 14,843,220 Winter .......................: 12,609,740 12,363,280 9,844,890 9,485,530 Durum ........................: 541,880 607,040 475,510 584,370 Other spring .................: 5,123,380 4,937,220 4,718,690 4,773,320 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 825,570 755,960 772,960 739,770 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 151,350 143,660 129,100 132,740 Mustard seed ...................: 39,660 39,660 36,420 37,640 Peanuts ........................: 577,780 612,700 563,210 596,110 Rapeseed .......................: 4,570 5,060 4,210 4,780 Safflower ......................: 67,100 58,680 61,800 55,640 Soybeans for beans .............: 30,796,910 33,923,140 30,331,920 33,597,360 Sunflower ......................: 546,570 624,640 503,640 596,310 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 2/ .................: 5,558,700 4,931,150 4,699,460 Upland .......................: 5,466,150 4,852,230 4,609,010 American Pima ................: 92,550 78,910 90,450 Sugarbeets .....................: 458,110 464,540 396,310 456,000 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) (NA) 369,560 372,480 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) 91,910 76,670 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ......................: 182,680 123,030 163,490 120,760 Dry edible beans ...............: 521,000 642,650 476,120 620,390 Dry edible peas ................: 446,370 383,240 425,730 365,030 Lentils ........................: 196,680 199,110 174,420 186,560 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...........................: (NA) (NA) 22,880 23,950 Maple syrup ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ......................: (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 21,210 Potatoes .......................: 391,860 372,720 381,300 368,390 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 7,490 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2019 and 2020 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2020 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : metric tons : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 4.18 4.09 3,691,860 3,697,090 Corn for grain .........................: 10.51 345,894,360 Corn for silage ........................: 45.20 120,480,480 Hay, all 2/ ............................: 5.51 116,903,450 Alfalfa ..............................: 7.35 49,781,760 All other ............................: 4.65 67,121,690 Oats ...................................: 2.31 2.34 771,440 943,820 Proso millet ...........................: 2.00 376,660 Rice ...................................: 8.37 8,376,720 Rye ....................................: 2.15 269,810 Sorghum for grain ......................: 4.58 8,673,480 Sorghum for silage .....................: 26.58 3,645,980 Wheat, all 2/ ..........................: 3.47 3.34 52,257,620 49,629,960 Winter ...............................: 3.60 3.49 35,489,150 33,142,650 Durum ................................: 3.08 2.59 1,463,000 1,512,640 Other spring .........................: 3.24 3.14 15,305,480 14,974,670 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2.00 1,543,120 Cottonseed .............................: (X) 5,393,210 Flaxseed ...............................: 1.26 162,440 Mustard seed ...........................: 0.79 28,840 Peanuts ................................: 4.43 2,492,980 Rapeseed ...............................: 2.42 10,190 Safflower ..............................: 1.43 88,130 Soybeans for beans .....................: 3.19 96,676,160 Sunflower ..............................: 1.75 881,530 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ .........................: 0.92 4,335,440 Upland ...............................: 0.91 4,186,190 American Pima ........................: 1.65 149,250 Sugarbeets .............................: 65.47 25,945,480 Sugarcane ..............................: 78.40 28,972,760 Tobacco ................................: 2.31 212,260 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 1.73 282,910 Dry edible beans .......................: 1.98 943,970 Dry edible peas ........................: 2.38 1,013,600 Lentils ................................: 1.40 244,400 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: 2.22 50,820 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) 20,900 21,860 Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) 383,960 Peppermint oil .........................: 0.12 2,470 Potatoes ...............................: 50.31 19,181,970 Spearmint oil ..........................: 0.15 1,090 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2019 and 2020 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2020 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2019-2020 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ......................1,000 tons: 600 535 Lemons ..........................1,000 tons: 1,002 916 Oranges .........................1,000 tons: 5,395 5,141 Tangerines and mandarins ........1,000 tons: 1,107 888 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ..........million pounds: 11,018.0 Apricots ..............................tons: 51,300 34,800 Avocados ..............................tons: 135,620 Blueberries, Cultivated .......1,000 pounds: 680,700 Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .....1,000 pounds: 54,400 Cherries, Sweet .......................tons: 354,300 334,000 Cherries, Tart ..............million pounds: 262.0 197.0 Coffee (Hawaii) ...............1,000 pounds: 27,270 Cranberries .........................barrel: 7,917,000 : Dates .................................tons: 61,400 Grapes ................................tons: 6,871,000 Kiwifruit (California) ................tons: 51,500 Nectarines (California) ...............tons: 134,000 Olives (California) ...................tons: 167,500 Papayas (Hawaii) ..............1,000 pounds: 11,750 Peaches ...............................tons: 681,600 Pears .................................tons: 729,000 Plums (California) ....................tons: 101,500 Prunes (California) ...................tons: 91,100 Raspberries ...................1,000 pounds: 226,000 Strawberries .....................1,000 cwt: 22,520.0 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .1,000 pounds: 2,550,000 3,000,000 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..........tons: 44,000 Macadamias (Hawaii) ...........1,000 pounds: 40,700 Pecans, in-shell ..............1,000 pounds: 255,600 Pistachios (California) .......1,000 pounds: 740,000 Walnuts, in-shell (California) ........tons: 653,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2019 and 2020 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2020 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2019-2020 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ................................: 544,310 485,340 Lemons ....................................: 909,000 830,980 Oranges ...................................: 4,894,260 4,663,840 Tangerines and mandarins ..................: 1,004,250 805,580 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ........................: 4,997,680 Apricots ..................................: 46,540 31,570 Avocados ..................................: 123,030 Blueberries, Cultivated ...................: 308,760 Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .................: 24,680 Cherries, Sweet ...........................: 321,420 303,000 Cherries, Tart ............................: 118,840 89,360 Coffee (Hawaii) ...........................: 12,370 Cranberries ...............................: 359,110 : Dates .....................................: 55,700 Grapes ....................................: 6,233,270 Kiwifruit (California) ....................: 46,720 Nectarines (California) ...................: 121,560 Olives (California) .......................: 151,950 Papayas (Hawaii) ..........................: 5,330 Peaches ...................................: 618,340 Pears .....................................: 661,340 Plums (California) ........................: 92,080 Prunes (California) .......................: 82,640 Raspberries ...............................: 102,510 Strawberries ..............................: 1,021,490 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .............: 1,156,660 1,360,780 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..............: 39,920 Macadamias (Hawaii) .......................: 18,460 Pecans, in-shell ..........................: 115,940 Pistachios (California) ...................: 335,660 Walnuts, in-shell (California) ............: 592,390 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. Winter Wheat for Grain Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 10 winter wheat-producing States during 2020. Randomly selected plots in winter wheat for grain fields are visited monthly from May through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in these tables are based on counts from this survey. Winter Wheat Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab - United States: 2016-2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : June : July : August Year :----------------------------------------------------------- : Mature 1/ : Mature 1/ : Mature 1/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : 2016 ..........: 21 68 94 2017 ..........: 28 69 93 2018 ..........: 18 69 93 2019 ..........: 8 50 89 2020 ..........: 14 64 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes winter wheat in the hard dough stage or beyond and are considered mature or almost mature. Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot - Selected States: 2016-2020 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : 2016 : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Colorado : July ................: 43.0 43.4 40.6 49.3 43.0 August ..............: 43.6 43.2 41.0 50.8 Final ...............: 43.6 43.2 41.0 50.8 : Illinois : July ................: 57.4 56.4 60.9 48.1 52.5 August ..............: 57.3 56.4 60.9 49.2 Final ...............: 57.3 56.4 60.9 49.2 : Kansas : July ................: 54.7 44.3 37.3 46.9 45.3 August ..............: 54.7 44.6 37.3 47.2 Final ...............: 54.7 44.6 37.3 47.2 : Missouri : July ................: 53.7 53.9 53.7 56.4 52.5 August ..............: 53.7 53.9 53.7 56.4 Final ...............: 53.7 53.9 53.7 56.4 : Montana : July ................: 54.6 44.4 44.1 45.2 37.4 August ..............: 55.2 46.2 44.8 43.5 Final ...............: 55.2 46.2 44.7 43.1 : Nebraska : July ................: 60.2 52.5 50.5 53.1 45.8 August ..............: 60.3 53.3 50.4 53.7 Final ...............: 60.3 53.3 50.4 53.7 : Ohio : July ................: 58.0 58.2 70.3 52.0 64.1 August ..............: 58.0 58.2 70.3 53.0 Final ...............: 58.0 58.2 70.3 53.0 : Oklahoma : July ................: 41.8 35.7 32.9 38.1 38.2 August ..............: 41.8 35.7 32.4 38.1 Final ...............: 41.8 35.7 32.4 38.1 : Texas : July ................: 34.4 26.6 30.9 34.3 32.7 August ..............: 34.4 26.8 30.9 34.3 Final ...............: 34.5 26.8 31.1 34.5 : Washington : July ................: 36.1 34.3 41.8 34.2 37.7 August ..............: 35.3 35.8 42.3 34.3 Final ...............: 35.5 35.7 42.3 34.6 : 10 State : July ................: 48.3 41.2 40.1 44.0 42.1 August ..............: 48.4 41.7 40.1 44.1 Final ...............: 48.4 41.7 40.2 44.2 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Final head counts will be published in the "Small Grains 2020 Summary." June Weather Summary Widespread June showers in the Southeast and Midwest, as well as parts of the northern Plains and Northwest, maintained generally favorable growing conditions for most summer crops. By June 28, two-thirds to three-quarters of the nation's barley, rice, spring wheat, corn, and soybeans were rated in good to excellent condition. However, several regions experienced developing or intensifying drought. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, drought coverage increased from 19.90 to 25.52 percent of the Lower 48 States during the 4-week period ending June 30. The last time more than one-quarter of the country was covered by drought was October 2018. June drought development was most notable in parts of New England. In addition, drought persisted in a broad Western area centered on northern California, the northern Great Basin, and parts of the Northwest. However, Northwestern drought impacts were tempered by cool weather and occasional showers. By month's end, the country's most serious drought stretched from the Four Corners region to the southern half of the High Plains, with adverse impacts on rangeland, pastures, winter wheat, and rain-fed summer crops. Nationally, 16 percent of the winter wheat; 24 percent of the cotton, and 26 percent of the rangeland and pastures were rated in very poor to poor condition on June 28. On the same date, Texas led the nation in sorghum rated very poor to poor (25 percent), along with oats (22 percent), and peanuts (13 percent). Texas cotton was categorized as 36 percent very poor to poor, with only Missouri cotton faring worse at 38 percent. Elsewhere on June 28, at least one-fifth of the winter wheat was rated very poor to poor in Colorado (39 percent), Texas (28 percent), and Kansas (20 percent). New Mexico led the country in rangeland and pastures reported in very poor to poor condition (68 percent), followed by California (55 percent), Maine (42 percent), Colorado (39 percent), Oregon (38 percent), New Hampshire (31 percent), and Texas (31 percent). Despite late-spring and early-summer showers in Oregon, late-June topsoil moisture was rated 41 percent very short to short. Topsoil moisture shortages were even more serious in five other Western States: New Mexico (86 percent very short to short on June 28), California (80 percent), Colorado (69 percent), Wyoming (59 percent), and Utah (45 percent). In addition, topsoil moisture was at least 40 percent very short to short throughout the Plains, except in Montana and South Dakota. Dry conditions also plagued northern New England, led by New Hampshire (topsoil moisture 89 percent very short to short on June 28) and Maine (86 percent). Nationally, topsoil moisture was 34 percent very short to short, compared to just 12 percent in late-June 2019. Elevated temperatures (locally more than 5ºF above normal) across the nation's mid-section increased moisture demands for a variety of crops. June warmth also extended across the Midwest and Northeast. Conversely, cooler- than-normal conditions covered many areas west of the Rockies. June Agricultural Summary June was warmer than average for most of California, Florida, the Great Plains, the Corn Belt, the Great Lakes, and New England. Most of the central and northern Great Plains saw temperatures 3°F or more above normal. In contrast, cooler than normal temperatures were felt in much of the Mississippi Valley, the northern Rockies, the Southeast, and South Texas. Most of California, the Great Plains, the Northeast, and the Southwest were drier than normal for the month of June. In contrast, large parts of the Mid-Atlantic, Mississippi Valley, Pacific Northwest, northern Rockies, and Southeast received higher than normal amounts of rain. By May 31, producers had planted 93 percent of the Nation's corn acreage, 29 percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Ninety-eight percent of Iowa's intended corn acreage was planted by May 31, nineteen percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Seventy-eight percent of the Nation's corn acreage had emerged by May 31, thirty-six percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Ninety-five percent of the Nation's corn acreage had emerged by June 14, twenty-one percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 28, four percent of the Nation's corn acreage had reached the silking stage, two percentage points ahead of last year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. As of June 28, seventy-three percent of the Nation's corn acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 17 percentage points above the same time last year. In Iowa, 85 percent of the 2020 corn acreage was rated in good to excellent condition on June 28. Seventy-five percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was planted by May 31, thirty-nine percentage points ahead of last year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Fifty-two percent of the Nation's soybean acreage had emerged by May 31, thirty-five percentage points ahead of last year and 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Ninety-three percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was planted by June 14, twenty-one percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Soybean planting progress was ahead of the 5-year average in 13 of the 18 estimating States by the June 14. Eighty-one percent of the Nation's soybean acreage had emerged by June 14, thirty-two percentage points ahead of last year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Ninety-five percent of the Nation's soybean acreage had emerged by June 28, fifteen percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 28, fourteen percent of the Nation's soybean acreage had reached the blooming stage, 12 percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On June 28, seventy-one percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 17 percentage points above the same time last year. By May 31, seventy-seven percent of the Nation's winter wheat acreage was headed, 4 percentage points ahead of last year but 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Three percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage was harvested by May 31, two percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By June 14, ninety-one percent of the Nation's winter wheat acreage was headed, 4 percentage points ahead of last year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Fifteen percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage had been harvested by June 14, eight percentage points ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. Forty-one percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage had been harvested by June 28, fifteen percentage points ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. As of June 28, fifty-two percent of the 2020 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, 11 percentage points below the same time last year. Nationwide, 66 percent of the cotton acreage was planted by May 31, one percentage point behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Eight percent of the Nation's cotton acreage had reached the squaring stage by May 31, one percentage point ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Nationwide, 89 percent of the cotton acreage was planted by June 14, four percentage points ahead of last year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. In Texas, 87 percent of the 2020 cotton acreage had been planted by June 14, six percentage points ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Sixteen percent of the Nation's cotton acreage had reached the squaring stage by June 14, one percentage point behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Thirty-five percent of the Nation's cotton acreage had reached the squaring stage by June 28, equal to last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By June 28, nine percent of the Nation's cotton acreage had begun setting bolls, 3 percentage points ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. As of June 28, forty-one percent of the 2020 cotton acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 11 percentage points below the same time last year. Forty-nine percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage had been planted by May 31, sixteen percentage points ahead of the previous year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Texas producers had planted 87 percent of the intended sorghum acreage by May 31, three percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Seventy-nine percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage had been planted by June 14, sixteen percentage points ahead of the previous year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 14, sixteen percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage had reached the headed stage, 1 percentage point ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Ninety-six percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was planted by June 28, five percentage points ahead of the previous year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By June 28, twenty-one percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage had reached the headed stage, 2 percentage points ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Sixty-four percent of Texas' sorghum acreage had reached the headed stage by June 28, six percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Forty-five percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was rated in good to excellent condition on June 28, twenty-eight percentage points below the same time last year. By May 31, producers had seeded 93 percent of the 2020 rice acreage, 4 percentage points ahead of the previous year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By May 31, eighty-one percent of the Nation's rice acreage had emerged, 9 percentage points ahead of last year but 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By June 14, ninety-three percent of the Nation's rice acreage had emerged, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By June 14, four percent of the Nation's rice acreage had reached the headed stage, 2 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By June 28, fourteen percent of the Nation's rice acreage had reached the headed stage, 5 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. On June 28, seventy-four percent of the Nation's rice acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 6 percentage points above the same time last year. Nationally, oat producers had seeded 96 percent of this year's acreage by May 31, seven percentage points ahead of the previous year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Eighty-six percent of the Nation's oat acreage had emerged by May 31, twelve percentage points ahead of the previous year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Twenty-seven percent of the Nation's oat acreage had headed by May 31, five percentage points ahead of last year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Ninety-five percent of the Nation's oat acreage had emerged by June 14, three percentage points ahead of the previous year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Forty-two percent of the Nation's oat acreage had headed by June 14, ten percentage points ahead of last year but 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Seventy-four percent of the Nation's oat acreage was headed by June 28, twenty percentage points ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. On June 28, sixty-one percent of the Nation's oat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 4 percentage points below the same time last year. Ninety-three percent of the Nation's barley was planted by May 31, one percentage point ahead of last year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Seventy-four percent of the Nation's barley acreage had emerged by May 31, six percentage points ahead of the previous year but 7 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Ninety-four percent of the Nation's barley acreage had emerged by June 14, four percentage points ahead of the previous year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Eleven percent of the Nation's barley acreage had reached the headed stage by June 14, nine percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Thirty-nine percent of the Nation's barley acreage had reached the headed stage by June 28, fourteen percentage points ahead of last year but 6 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On June 28, seventy-five percent of the Nation's barley acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 3 percentage points above the same time last year. As of May 31, ninety-one percent of the spring wheat acreage had been seeded, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. As of May 31, sixty-seven percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage had emerged, 4 percentage points ahead of last year but 13 percentage points behind the 5-year average. As of June 14, ninety-five percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage had emerged, 3 percentage points ahead of last year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By June 14, four percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage had reached the headed stage, 2 percentage points ahead of the previous year but 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By June 28, thirty-six percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage had reached the headed stage, 16 percentage points ahead of the previous year but 9 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Sixty-nine percent of the Nation's spring wheat was rated in good to excellent condition, 6 percentage points below the same time last year. Nationally, peanut producers had planted 78 percent of the 2020 peanut acreage by May 31, six percentage points behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationally, peanut producers had planted 95 percent of the 2020 peanut acreage by June 14, two percentage points ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. By June 14, twelve percent of the Nation's peanut acreage had reached the pegging stage, equal to the previous year but 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 28, thirty-nine percent of the Nation's peanut acreage had reached the pegging stage, 4 percentage points behind the previous year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. On June 28, sixty-six percent of the Nation's peanut acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 2 percentage points below the same time last year. By May 31, ninety-nine percent of the Nation's sugarbeet acreage had been planted, 3 percentage points ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. Thirty-two percent of the Nation's intended 2020 sunflower acreage had been planted by May 31, sixteen percentage points ahead of last year but 6 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Seventy-five percent of the Nation's intended 2020 sunflower acreage was planted by June 14, fourteen percentage points ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. Ninety-five percent of the Nation's intended 2020 sunflower acreage had been planted by June 28, three percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Crop Comments Oats: Production is forecast at 65.0 million bushels, up 22 percent from 2019. Growers expect to harvest 998,000 acres for grain, unchanged from the Acreage report released on June 30, 2020, but up 21 percent from 2019. Based on conditions as of July 1, the United States yield is forecast at 65.2 bushels per acre, 0.9 bushel above the 2019 average yield. As of June 28, seventy-four percent of the Nation's oat acreage was headed, 20 percentage points ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. As of June 28, sixty-one percent of the Nation's oat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, compared with 65 percent at the same time last year. Barley: Production is forecast at 170 million bushels, up less than 1 percent from 2019. Based on conditions as of July 1, the average yield for the United States is forecast at 76.1 bushels per acre, down 1.6 bushels from last year. A record high yield is forecast in Montana. Area harvested for grain or seed, at 2.23 million acres is unchanged from the Acreage report released on June 30, 2020, but up 2 percent from 2019. Ninety-three percent of the Nation's barley acreage was planted by May 31, one percentage point ahead of last year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By June 7, eighty-seven percent of the Nation's barley acreage had emerged, 5 percentage points ahead of last year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Thirty-nine percent of the Nation's barley acreage had reached the headed stage by June 28, fourteen percentage points ahead of last year but 6 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On June 28, seventy-five percent of the Nation's barley acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, compared with 72 percent at the same time last year. Winter wheat: Production is forecast at 1.22 billion bushels, down 4 percent from the June 1 forecast and down 7 percent from 2019. Based on July 1 conditions, the United States yield is forecast at 52.0 bushels per acre, down 0.1 bushel from last month and down 1.6 bushels from last year's average yield of 53.6 bushels per acre. If realized, this will be the third highest yield on record. The area expected to be harvested for grain or seed totals 23.4 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report released on June 30, 2020, but down 4 percent from last year. A record high yield is forecast in Oklahoma for 2020. Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in the six Hard Red Winter States (Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas) are above last year's levels in Oklahoma, but below last year's level in Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, and Texas. As of June 28, harvest progress was at or ahead of normal in Colorado, Oklahoma, and Texas but behind normal in Kansas and Nebraska. Harvest had not yet begun in Montana as of June 28, 2020. Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in the three Soft Red Winter States (Illinois, Missouri, and Ohio) are above last year's levels in Illinois and Ohio but below last year's level in Missouri. As of June 28, harvest progress in the Soft Red Winter (SRW) growing area was equal to the 5-year average pace in Illinois but behind the 5-year average pace in Missouri and Ohio. Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in Washington are above last year. Eighty-four percent of the Washington crop was rated in good to excellent condition as of June 28. Durum wheat: Production is forecast at 55.6 million bushels, up 3 percent from 2019. The United States yield is forecast at 38.5 bushels per acre, down 7.2 bushels from last year. Area expected to be harvested for grain or seed totals 1.44 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report released on June 30, 2020, but up 23 percent from 2019. Crop development has remained behind the normal pace this year in Montana and North Dakota, the two largest Durum-producing States. As of June 28, nineteen percent of the acreage in Montana and 48 percent of the acreage in North Dakota was rated in good to excellent condition. Other spring wheat: Production is forecast at 550 million bushels, down 2 percent from 2019. The United States yield is forecast at 46.6 bushels per acre, down 1.6 bushels from a year ago. Of the total production, 502 million bushels are Hard Red Spring wheat, down 4 percent from last year. The area expected to be harvested for grain or seed is expected to total 11.8 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report released on June 30, 2020, but 1 percent above 2019. A record high yield is forecast in Montana for 2020. Spring wheat planting and development started out behind the 5-year average pace and has remained behind the 5-year average to date. In the six major producing States, 36 percent of the crop was at or beyond the heading stage as of June 28, sixteen percentage points ahead of last year but 9 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Heading progress was most advanced in South Dakota, with 77 percent of the acreage headed. As of June 28, sixty-nine percent of the Nation's other spring wheat crop was rated in good to excellent condition, compared with 75 percent rated in these two categories at the same time last year. Grapefruit: The United States 2019-2020 grapefruit crop is forecast at 535,000 tons, down 13 percent from the previous forecast and down 11 percent from last season's final utilization. In Florida, expected production, at 4.85 million boxes (207,000 tons), is down 1 percent from the previous forecast but up 8 percent from last year. In California and Texas, production forecasts are down from the previous forecast. Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 888,000 tons, down 8 percent from the previous forecast and down 20 percent from last season's final utilization. The California tangerine and mandarin forecast, at 21.0 million boxes (840,000 tons), is down 9 percent from the previous forecast and down 21 percent from last year's total boxes. Lemons: The 2019-2020 United States lemon crop is forecast at 916,000 tons, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 9 percent from last season's final utilization. The California production forecast, at 21.0 million boxes (840,000 tons), is unchanged from previous forecast but down 11 percent from the 2018-2019 season total. Tobacco: The 2020 United States all flue-cured tobacco production is forecast at 231 million pounds, down 22 percent from 2019. Area harvested, at 120,500 acres, is 19 percent below last year. Yield for the 2020 crop year is forecast at 1,919 pounds per acre, 71 pounds below last year. If realized, this will be the lowest flue-cured tobacco harvested acreage and production on record. Apricots: The 2020 apricot crop is forecast at 34,800 tons, down 32 percent from last year. In California, growers reported fewer acres in production. In Washington, some growers reported freeze damage. Almonds: The 2020 California almond production (shelled basis) is forecast at a record high 3.00 billion pounds, unchanged from the previous forecast but 18 percent above the previous year. The July forecast is based on the almond objective measurement survey. February was very dry throughout most of California, which provided excellent bloom conditions and plenty of opportunity for pollination. There was little concern for frost damage this year. Isolated storms in late March and early April brought inches of rain and even hail to some areas. There were reports of wind gusts toppling trees that were heavy with nuts as well as limbs breaking from the weight. High temperatures in late May and throughout June helped the crop develop through its final stages. Irrigation was needed and water availability was reportedly not an issue. The complete report is available at: https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/California/Publications/Special ty_and_Other_Releases/Almond/Objective-Measurement/202007almom.pdf Statistical Methodology Wheat survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between June 24 and July 7 to gather information on expected yield as of July 1. The objective yield survey was conducted in 10 States that accounted for 74 percent of the 2019 winter wheat production. Farm operators were interviewed to update previously reported acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. The counts made within each sample plot depended upon the crop's maturity. Counts such as number of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were made to predict the number of heads that would be harvested. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited each month until crop maturity when the heads are clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting loss. The farm operator survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail and internet. Approximately 6,000 producers were interviewed during the survey period and asked questions about the probable yield on their operation. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide indications of average yields. Orange survey procedures: In Florida, during August and September, the number of bearing trees and the number of fruit per tree is determined. In August and subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which combined with the previous components are used to develop the current forecast of production. California and Texas conduct grower surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California also conducts objective measurement surveys in September for Navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges. Wheat estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each Regional Field Office submits their analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published July 1 forecasts. Orange estimating procedures: State level objective measurement estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. Reports from growers in California and Texas were also used for setting estimates. These three States submit their analyses of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published July 1 forecast. Revision policy: The July 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month throughout the growing season. End-of-season wheat estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the wheat marketing season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. End-of-season orange estimates will be published in the Citrus Fruits Summary released in August. The orange production estimates are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use. Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the July 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the July 1 production forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years. The "Root Mean Square Error" for the July 1 winter wheat production forecast is 2.3 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current winter wheat production will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 2.3 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 4.0 percent. Also shown in the following table is a 20-year record for selected crops of the differences between the July 1 forecast and the final estimate Using winter wheat as an example, changes between the July 1 forecast and the final estimate during the last 20 years have averaged 25 million bushels, ranging from less than 1 million to 81 million bushels. The July 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 8 times and above 12 times. This does not imply that the July 1 winter wheat forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. Reliability of July 1 Crop Production Forecasts [Based on data for the past twenty years] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : : Difference between forecast : : : and final estimate : : :---------------------------------------- : :90 percent : Production : Years Crop : Root mean :confidence :---------------------------------------- :square error: interval : : : : Below : Above : : :Average:Smallest:Largest: final : final ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---- percent --- ----- millions ----- number : Barley ................bushels: 7.6 13.2 13 (Z) 38 8 12 Oranges 1/ ...............tons: 1.4 2.4 87 9 251 10 10 Oranges 1/ 2/ ..........tons: 1.3 2.2 78 9 227 7 10 Oats ..................bushels: 12.6 21.8 9 (Z) 32 1 19 Wheat : Winter wheat ........bushels: 2.3 4.0 25 (Z) 81 8 12 Durum wheat .........bushels: 13.1 22.6 8 (Z) 24 8 12 Other spring .......bushels: 10.1 17.5 37 2 98 10 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ Quantity is in thousands of units. 2/ Excluding freeze and hurricane seasons. USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch........................................................... (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section.................................................. (202) 720-2127 Irwin Anolik - Crop Weather........................................................... (202) 720-7621 Joshua Bates - Oats, Soybeans......................................................... (202) 690-3234 David Colwell - Current Agricultural Industrial Reports............................... (202) 720-8800 Chris Hawthorn - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum..................................... (202) 720-2127 James Johanson - Barley, County Estimates, Hay........................................ (202) 690-8533 Greg Lemmons - Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet........................................... (202) 720-9526 Jean Porter - Rye, Wheat.............................................................. (202) 720-8068 John Stephens - Peanuts, Rice......................................................... (202) 720-7688 Travis Thorson - Sunflower, Other Oilseeds............................................ (202) 720-7369 Vacant, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section................................. (202) 720-2127 Anastasiya Osborne - Almonds, Apples, Apricots, Asparagus, Carrots, Coffee, Onions, Plums, Prunes, Sweet Corn, Tobacco......................................................... (202) 720-4288 Fleming Gibson - Cauliflower, Celery, Grapefruit, Lemons, Macadamia, Mandarins and tangerines, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges....................................... (202) 720-5412 Heidi Lanouette - Cranberries, Cucumbers, Pistachios, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Raspberries, Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes, Tame Blueberries, Wild Blueberries......................................................... (202) 720-4285 Dan Norris - Artichokes, Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Green Peas, Lentils, Nectarines, Papayas, Peaches, Snap Beans, Spinach, Walnuts, Watermelons ................... (202) 720-3250 Krishna Rizal - Dry Beans, Garlic, Hazelnuts, Honeydews, Kiwifruit, Lettuce, Maple Syrup, Mint, Pears, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Tomatoes.......................... (202) 720-2157 Dawn Smoker - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cabbage, Chickpeas, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Grapes, Hops, Pecans................................... 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