Crop Production ISSN: 1936-3737 Released September 12, 2025, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Corn Production Up Less Than 1 Percent from August Forecast Soybean Production Up Less Than 1 Percent Cotton Production Up Slightly Corn production for grain is forecast at 16.8 billion bushels, up less than 1 percent from the previous forecast and up 13 percent from 2024. If realized, this would be the highest grain production on record for the United States. Based on conditions as of September 1, yields are expected to average a record high 186.7 bushels per acre, down 2.1 bushels from the previous forecast but up 7.4 bushels from last year. Total planted area, at 98.7 million acres, is up 2 percent from the previous estimate and up 9 percent from the previous year. Area harvested for grain is forecast at 90.0 million acres, up 2 percent from the previous forecast and up 9 percent from the previous year. Soybean production for beans is forecast at 4.30 billion bushels, up less than 1 percent from the previous forecast but down 2 percent from 2024. Based on conditions as of September 1, yields are expected to average a record high 53.5 bushels per acre, down 0.1 bushel from the previous forecast but up 2.8 bushels from 2024. Total planted area, at 81.1 million acres, is up less than 1 percent from the previous estimate but down 7 percent from the previous year. Area harvested for beans in the United States is forecast at 80.3 million acres, up less than 1 percent from the previous forecast but down 7 percent from 2024. All cotton production is forecast at 13.2 million 480-pound bales, up slightly from the previous forecast but down 8 percent from 2024. Based on conditions as of September 1, yields are expected to average 861 pounds per harvested acre, down 1 pound from the previous forecast and down 25 pounds from 2024. Upland cotton production is forecast at 12.9 million 480-pound bales, up 1 percent from the previous forecast but down 7 percent from 2024. Pima cotton production is forecast at 309,000 bales, down 15 percent from the previous forecast and down 34 percent from 2024. All cotton planted area totaled 9.30 million acres, up less than 1 percent from the previous forecast but down 17 percent from 2024. All cotton area harvested is forecast at 7.37 million acres, up less than 1 percent from the previous forecast but down 6 percent from 2024. California Navel orange production for the 2025-2026 season is forecast at 40.0 million boxes (1.60 million tons), up 6 percent from last season. The initial forecast is based on an objective measurement survey conducted in California's Central Valley from mid-June to the beginning of September. The objective measurement survey indicated that fruit set was down 9 percent from last year but the average fruit size was up 6 percent from last year. Harvest is expected to begin in October. This report was approved on September 12, 2025. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Brooke Appleton Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Lance Honig Contents Corn Area Planted for All Purposes and Harvested for Grain - States and United States: 2024 and 2025.......... 5 Corn for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025............................................................................................. 6 Corn Production - United States Chart......................................................................... 7 Sorghum Area Planted for All Purpose and Harvested for Grain - States and United States: 2024 and 2025........ 7 Sorghum for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025............................................................................................. 7 Rice Area Planted and Harvested by Class - States and United States: 2024 and 2025............................ 8 Rice Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025.. 9 Rice Production by Class - United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025............................... 9 Soybeans for Beans Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024 and 2025....................... 10 Soybeans for Beans Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025............................................................................................. 11 Soybean Production - United States Chart...................................................................... 12 Peanut Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024 and 2025................................... 13 Peanut Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025............................................................................................. 13 Cotton Area Planted and Harvested by Type - States and United States: 2024 and 2025........................... 14 Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025............................................................................................. 15 Cottonseed Production - United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025.................................. 16 Cotton Production - United States Chart....................................................................... 16 Sugarbeet Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024 and 2025................................ 17 Sugarbeet for Sugar Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025............................................................................................. 17 Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025.................................................................................. 18 Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025............................................................................................. 18 Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025.................................................................................. 19 Lentil Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024 and 2025................................... 20 Lentil Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025............................................................................................. 20 Dry Edible Pea Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024 and 2025........................... 21 Dry Edible Pea Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025............................................................................................. 21 Chickpea Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024 and 2025................................. 22 Chickpea Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025............................................................................................. 23 Utilized Production of Walnuts - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025.............. 24 Utilized Production of Oranges by Type - States and United States: 2024-2025 and Forecasted September 1, 2025............................................................................................. 24 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025....... 25 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025......... 27 Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025................................... 29 Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025..................................... 30 Corn for Grain Plant Population per Acre - Selected States: 2021-2025......................................... 31 Corn for Grain Number of Ears per Acre - Selected States: 2021-2025........................................... 32 Soybean Pods with Beans per 18 Square Feet - Selected States: 2021-2025....................................... 33 Percent of Normal Precipitation Map........................................................................... 34 Departure from Normal Temperature Map......................................................................... 34 August Weather Summary........................................................................................ 35 August Agricultural Summary................................................................................... 36 Crop Comments................................................................................................. 38 Statistical Methodology....................................................................................... 41 Reliability of September 1 Crop Production Forecasts.......................................................... 42 Information Contacts.......................................................................................... 43 Corn Area Planted for All Purposes and Harvested for Grain - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted for all purposes : Area harvested for grain State :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Alabama ............: 270 350 260 340 Arizona ............: 70 70 19 27 Arkansas ...........: 500 810 480 790 California .........: 410 400 50 28 Colorado ...........: 1,460 1,500 1,180 1,220 Connecticut 2/ .....: 24 24 (NA) (NA) Delaware ...........: 165 170 162 167 Florida ............: 85 85 47 52 Georgia ............: 375 550 305 495 Idaho ..............: 380 430 120 160 : Illinois ...........: 10,800 11,200 10,650 11,000 Indiana ............: 5,200 5,400 5,050 5,250 Iowa ...............: 12,900 13,550 12,450 13,000 Kansas .............: 6,300 6,850 5,800 6,290 Kentucky ...........: 1,370 1,530 1,280 1,420 Louisiana ..........: 470 810 440 770 Maine 2/ ...........: 30 29 (NA) (NA) Maryland ...........: 440 460 390 405 Massachusetts 2/ ...: 14 14 (NA) (NA) Michigan ...........: 2,250 2,350 1,910 1,990 : Minnesota ..........: 8,200 8,900 7,730 8,380 Mississippi ........: 490 920 470 880 Missouri ...........: 3,450 3,800 3,300 3,630 Montana ............: 130 145 79 84 Nebraska ...........: 10,050 10,750 9,590 10,300 Nevada 2/ ..........: 20 26 (NA) (NA) New Hampshire 2/ ...: 12 12 (NA) (NA) New Jersey .........: 72 75 61 65 New Mexico .........: 100 105 47 43 New York ...........: 1,020 970 570 555 : North Carolina .....: 890 950 815 885 North Dakota .......: 3,950 4,700 3,640 4,360 Ohio ...............: 3,400 3,400 3,200 3,180 Oklahoma ...........: 450 540 410 460 Oregon .............: 100 105 57 65 Pennsylvania .......: 990 1,000 660 640 Rhode Island 2/ ....: 2 2 (NA) (NA) South Carolina .....: 330 390 295 360 South Dakota .......: 5,900 6,850 5,390 6,110 Tennessee ..........: 700 930 660 870 : Texas ..............: 2,150 2,450 1,860 2,050 Utah ...............: 70 85 24 35 Vermont 2/ .........: 94 95 (NA) (NA) Virginia ...........: 460 470 305 335 Washington .........: 175 200 88 100 West Virginia ......: 41 41 26 24 Wisconsin ..........: 3,750 4,150 2,960 3,170 Wyoming ............: 85 85 66 62 : United States ......: 90,594 98,728 82,896 90,047 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. 1/ Forecasted. 2/ Area harvested for grain not estimated. Corn for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :-----------------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : August 1 :September 1: : ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ---------- bushels ---------- --- 1,000 bushels --- : Alabama .........: 260 340 112.0 157.0 166.0 29,120 56,440 Arkansas ........: 480 790 187.0 182.0 178.0 89,760 140,620 Colorado ........: 1,180 1,220 116.0 118.0 126.0 136,880 153,720 Delaware ........: 162 167 171.0 178.0 181.0 27,702 30,227 Georgia .........: 305 495 163.0 179.0 182.0 49,715 90,090 Idaho ...........: 120 160 206.0 222.0 230.0 24,720 36,800 Illinois ........: 10,650 11,000 217.0 221.0 219.0 2,311,050 2,409,000 Indiana .........: 5,050 5,250 198.0 205.0 205.0 999,900 1,076,250 Iowa ............: 12,450 13,000 211.0 222.0 219.0 2,626,950 2,847,000 Kansas ..........: 5,800 6,290 129.0 139.0 136.0 748,200 855,440 : Kentucky ........: 1,280 1,420 178.0 186.0 175.0 227,840 248,500 Louisiana .......: 440 770 185.0 180.0 182.0 81,400 140,140 Maryland ........: 390 405 143.0 173.0 170.0 55,770 68,850 Michigan ........: 1,910 1,990 181.0 180.0 180.0 345,710 358,200 Minnesota .......: 7,730 8,380 174.0 202.0 199.0 1,345,020 1,667,620 Mississippi .....: 470 880 186.0 186.0 179.0 87,420 157,520 Missouri ........: 3,300 3,630 183.0 191.0 184.0 603,900 667,920 Nebraska ........: 9,590 10,300 188.0 192.0 191.0 1,802,920 1,967,300 New York ........: 570 555 169.0 158.0 152.0 96,330 84,360 North Carolina ..: 815 885 87.0 143.0 148.0 70,905 130,980 : North Dakota ....: 3,640 4,360 149.0 148.0 145.0 542,360 632,200 Ohio ............: 3,200 3,180 177.0 196.0 194.0 566,400 616,920 Oklahoma ........: 410 460 98.0 130.0 130.0 40,180 59,800 Pennsylvania ....: 660 640 138.0 164.0 157.0 91,080 100,480 South Carolina ..: 295 360 101.0 150.0 150.0 29,795 54,000 South Dakota ....: 5,390 6,110 164.0 168.0 167.0 883,960 1,020,370 Tennessee .......: 660 870 152.0 182.0 175.0 100,320 152,250 Texas ...........: 1,860 2,050 112.0 120.0 122.0 208,320 250,100 Virginia ........: 305 335 114.0 173.0 173.0 34,770 57,955 Washington ......: 88 100 235.0 235.0 235.0 20,680 23,500 Wisconsin .......: 2,960 3,170 174.0 185.0 184.0 515,040 583,280 : Other States 1/ .: 476 485 152.6 157.8 157.8 72,627 76,539 : United States ...: 82,896 90,047 179.3 188.8 186.7 14,866,744 16,814,371 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States include Arizona, California, Florida, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, West Virginia, and Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Crop Production 2025 Summary." Sorghum Area Planted for All Purpose and Harvested for Grain - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Colorado .........: 520 550 460 490 Kansas ...........: 3,000 3,000 2,800 2,750 Nebraska .........: 290 250 260 205 Oklahoma .........: 370 440 330 370 South Dakota .....: 420 255 305 170 Texas ............: 1,700 2,150 1,450 1,730 : United States ....: 6,300 6,645 5,605 5,715 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Forecasted. Sorghum for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :-----------------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : August 1 :September 1: : --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres --------- bushels --------- 1,000 bushels : Colorado ...........: 460 490 30.0 39.0 40.0 13,800 19,600 Kansas .............: 2,800 2,750 65.0 80.0 83.0 182,000 228,250 Nebraska ...........: 260 205 85.0 96.0 95.0 22,100 19,475 Oklahoma ...........: 330 370 39.0 54.0 51.0 12,870 18,870 South Dakota .......: 305 170 76.0 75.0 72.0 23,180 12,240 Texas ..............: 1,450 1,730 62.0 59.0 60.0 89,900 103,800 : United States ......: 5,605 5,715 61.3 69.0 70.4 343,850 402,235 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rice Area Planted and Harvested by Class - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Class and State :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Long grain : Arkansas .........: 1,330 1,180 1,325 1,165 California .......: 8 9 8 9 Louisiana ........: 425 420 420 415 Mississippi ......: 153 160 152 157 Missouri .........: 214 210 210 205 Texas ............: 145 140 141 135 : United States ....: 2,275 2,119 2,256 2,086 : Medium grain : Arkansas .........: 117 103 106 85 California .......: 430 495 427 492 Louisiana ........: 48 62 39 58 Mississippi ......: 2 5 2 3 Missouri .........: 5 4 4 3 Texas ............: 3 5 3 5 : United States ....: 605 674 581 646 : Short grain 2/ : Arkansas .........: 1 1 1 1 California .......: 29 29 29 29 : United States ....: 30 30 30 30 : All : Arkansas .........: 1,448 1,284 1,432 1,251 California .......: 467 533 464 530 Louisiana ........: 473 482 459 473 Mississippi ......: 155 165 154 160 Missouri .........: 219 214 214 208 Texas ............: 148 145 144 140 : United States ....: 2,910 2,823 2,867 2,762 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. 2/ Includes sweet rice. Rice Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :-------------------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : August 1 :September 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ------------ pounds ----------- ---- 1,000 cwt --- : Arkansas .....: 1,432 1,251 7,640 7,500 7,450 109,407 93,200 California ...: 464 530 8,530 8,700 8,450 39,588 44,785 Louisiana ....: 459 473 6,710 6,750 6,750 30,809 31,928 Mississippi ..: 154 160 7,540 7,500 7,500 11,613 12,000 Missouri .....: 214 208 8,430 7,800 7,800 18,040 16,224 Texas ........: 144 140 8,800 7,700 7,600 12,676 10,640 : United States : 2,867 2,762 7,748 7,636 7,559 222,133 208,777 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes sweet rice production. Rice Production by Class - United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Year : Long grain : Medium grain : Short grain 1/ : All : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 cwt : 2024 .......: 172,029 48,013 2,091 222,133 2025 2/ ....: 153,738 52,896 2,143 208,777 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Sweet rice production included with short grain. 2/ The 2025 rice production by class forecasts are based on class harvested acreage estimates and the 5-year average class yield compared to the all rice yield. Soybeans for Beans Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Alabama ..........: 360 295 350 285 Arkansas .........: 3,050 2,600 3,020 2,570 Delaware .........: 155 140 153 138 Georgia ..........: 170 155 162 147 Illinois .........: 10,800 10,250 10,750 10,200 Indiana ..........: 5,800 5,450 5,780 5,430 Iowa .............: 10,050 9,450 9,960 9,380 Kansas ...........: 4,530 4,100 4,420 4,050 Kentucky .........: 2,050 1,800 2,040 1,790 Louisiana ........: 1,100 790 1,060 760 : Maryland .........: 495 470 485 460 Michigan .........: 2,200 2,050 2,180 2,030 Minnesota ........: 7,400 7,150 7,320 7,080 Mississippi ......: 2,300 1,810 2,270 1,780 Missouri .........: 5,900 5,600 5,840 5,540 Nebraska .........: 5,300 4,850 5,240 4,800 New Jersey .......: 105 100 103 98 New York .........: 370 310 365 305 North Carolina ...: 1,630 1,650 1,610 1,630 North Dakota .....: 6,600 6,550 6,550 6,500 : Ohio .............: 5,050 4,900 5,030 4,880 Oklahoma .........: 505 370 405 320 Pennsylvania .....: 610 570 600 560 South Carolina ...: 390 365 380 355 South Dakota .....: 5,450 5,100 5,380 5,060 Tennessee ........: 1,820 1,550 1,800 1,520 Texas ............: 100 110 77 85 Virginia .........: 610 600 600 590 Wisconsin ........: 2,150 2,000 2,120 1,970 : United States ....: 87,050 81,135 86,050 80,313 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Forecasted. Soybeans for Beans Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :-----------------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : August 1 :September 1: : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres --------- bushels --------- -- 1,000 bushels -- : Alabama .........: 350 285 31.0 39.0 38.0 10,850 10,830 Arkansas ........: 3,020 2,570 55.0 56.0 56.0 166,100 143,920 Delaware ........: 153 138 45.0 53.0 44.0 6,885 6,072 Georgia .........: 162 147 47.0 55.0 52.0 7,614 7,644 Illinois ........: 10,750 10,200 64.0 65.0 65.0 688,000 663,000 Indiana .........: 5,780 5,430 59.0 62.0 61.0 341,020 331,230 Iowa ............: 9,960 9,380 60.0 63.0 65.0 597,600 609,700 Kansas ..........: 4,420 4,050 35.0 36.0 39.0 154,700 157,950 Kentucky ........: 2,040 1,790 48.0 52.0 40.0 97,920 71,600 Louisiana .......: 1,060 760 52.0 53.0 54.0 55,120 41,040 : Maryland ........: 485 460 44.0 49.0 45.0 21,340 20,700 Michigan ........: 2,180 2,030 49.0 52.0 52.0 106,820 105,560 Minnesota .......: 7,320 7,080 45.0 53.0 53.0 329,400 375,240 Mississippi .....: 2,270 1,780 56.0 57.0 55.0 127,120 97,900 Missouri ........: 5,840 5,540 49.0 53.0 51.0 286,160 282,540 Nebraska ........: 5,240 4,800 57.5 57.0 61.0 301,300 292,800 New Jersey ......: 103 98 43.0 42.0 43.0 4,429 4,214 New York ........: 365 305 51.0 50.0 47.0 18,615 14,335 North Carolina ..: 1,610 1,630 39.0 40.0 39.0 62,790 63,570 North Dakota ....: 6,550 6,500 37.5 36.0 37.0 245,625 240,500 : Ohio ............: 5,030 4,880 50.0 57.0 56.0 251,500 273,280 Oklahoma ........: 405 320 20.0 25.0 29.0 8,100 9,280 Pennsylvania ....: 600 560 45.0 47.0 45.0 27,000 25,200 South Carolina ..: 380 355 34.0 37.0 36.0 12,920 12,780 South Dakota ....: 5,380 5,060 43.0 47.0 47.0 231,340 237,820 Tennessee .......: 1,800 1,520 42.0 50.0 43.0 75,600 65,360 Texas ...........: 77 85 32.0 21.0 27.0 2,464 2,295 Virginia ........: 600 590 44.0 48.0 44.0 26,400 25,960 Wisconsin .......: 2,120 1,970 48.0 53.0 55.0 101,760 108,350 : United States ...: 86,050 80,313 50.7 53.6 53.5 4,366,492 4,300,670 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Peanut Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Alabama ..........: 190.0 195.0 188.0 192.0 Arkansas .........: 45.0 48.0 44.0 47.0 Florida ..........: 165.0 175.0 157.0 167.0 Georgia ..........: 850.0 920.0 845.0 915.0 Mississippi ......: 26.0 21.0 25.0 20.0 Missouri .........: 24.0 27.0 23.0 26.0 North Carolina ...: 130.0 140.0 129.0 139.0 Oklahoma .........: 19.0 20.0 18.0 19.0 South Carolina ...: 82.0 90.0 79.0 86.0 Texas ............: 240.0 285.0 220.0 257.0 Virginia .........: 30.0 33.0 30.0 33.0 : United States ....: 1,801.0 1,954.0 1,758.0 1,901.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Forecasted. Peanut Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :-----------------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : August 1 :September 1: : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 acres -- ----------- pounds ---------- --- 1,000 pounds --- : Alabama ..........: 188.0 192.0 3,000 3,100 3,300 564,000 633,600 Arkansas .........: 44.0 47.0 5,500 5,000 5,000 242,000 235,000 Florida ..........: 157.0 167.0 3,500 3,800 3,800 549,500 634,600 Georgia ..........: 845.0 915.0 3,800 4,000 4,000 3,211,000 3,660,000 Mississippi ......: 25.0 20.0 3,700 4,000 4,000 92,500 80,000 Missouri .........: 23.0 26.0 5,440 5,000 5,500 125,120 143,000 North Carolina ...: 129.0 139.0 4,400 4,200 4,400 567,600 611,600 Oklahoma .........: 18.0 19.0 4,200 4,300 4,400 75,600 83,600 South Carolina ...: 79.0 86.0 3,800 4,000 4,100 300,200 352,600 Texas ............: 220.0 257.0 2,600 3,100 3,200 572,000 822,400 Virginia .........: 30.0 33.0 4,950 4,700 4,200 148,500 138,600 : United States ....: 1,758.0 1,901.0 3,668 3,838 3,890 6,448,020 7,395,000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cotton Area Planted and Harvested by Type - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 [Includes updates to planted area previously published] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Upland : Alabama ..........: 400.0 290.0 396.0 285.0 Arizona ..........: 96.0 90.0 95.0 89.0 Arkansas .........: 650.0 520.0 640.0 515.0 California .......: 21.0 18.0 20.7 17.7 Florida ..........: 85.0 62.0 82.0 60.0 Georgia ..........: 1,100.0 840.0 1,080.0 830.0 Kansas ...........: 131.0 105.0 124.0 85.0 Louisiana ........: 155.0 90.0 148.0 84.0 Mississippi ......: 520.0 330.0 515.0 325.0 Missouri .........: 400.0 355.0 380.0 340.0 : New Mexico .......: 42.0 30.0 28.0 20.0 North Carolina ...: 410.0 285.0 400.0 275.0 Oklahoma .........: 435.0 390.0 185.0 275.0 South Carolina ...: 225.0 170.0 221.0 167.0 Tennessee ........: 265.0 205.0 250.0 190.0 Texas ............: 5,950.0 5,300.0 2,950.0 3,600.0 Virginia .........: 91.0 73.0 90.0 72.0 : United States ....: 10,976.0 9,153.0 7,604.7 7,229.7 : American Pima : Arizona ..........: 14.0 16.0 14.0 15.5 California .......: 145.0 92.0 142.0 91.0 New Mexico .......: 15.0 13.0 14.5 12.7 Texas ............: 33.0 22.0 30.0 20.0 : United States ....: 207.0 143.0 200.5 139.2 : All : Alabama ..........: 400.0 290.0 396.0 285.0 Arizona ..........: 110.0 106.0 109.0 104.5 Arkansas .........: 650.0 520.0 640.0 515.0 California .......: 166.0 110.0 162.7 108.7 Florida ..........: 85.0 62.0 82.0 60.0 Georgia ..........: 1,100.0 840.0 1,080.0 830.0 Kansas ...........: 131.0 105.0 124.0 85.0 Louisiana ........: 155.0 90.0 148.0 84.0 Mississippi ......: 520.0 330.0 515.0 325.0 Missouri .........: 400.0 355.0 380.0 340.0 : New Mexico .......: 57.0 43.0 42.5 32.7 North Carolina ...: 410.0 285.0 400.0 275.0 Oklahoma .........: 435.0 390.0 185.0 275.0 South Carolina ...: 225.0 170.0 221.0 167.0 Tennessee ........: 265.0 205.0 250.0 190.0 Texas ............: 5,983.0 5,322.0 2,980.0 3,620.0 Virginia .........: 91.0 73.0 90.0 72.0 : United States ....: 11,183.0 9,296.0 7,805.2 7,368.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Forecasted. Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production 1/ :-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type and State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :-----------------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : August 1 :September 1: : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- 1,000 acres -- ---------- pounds ---------- 1,000 bales 2/ : Upland : Alabama .........: 396.0 285.0 816 783 825 673.0 490.0 Arizona .........: 95.0 89.0 1,299 1,294 1,219 257.0 226.0 Arkansas ........: 640.0 515.0 1,341 1,305 1,258 1,788.0 1,350.0 California ......: 20.7 17.7 1,739 1,492 1,600 75.0 59.0 Florida .........: 82.0 60.0 697 480 760 119.0 95.0 Georgia .........: 1,080.0 830.0 858 867 896 1,930.0 1,550.0 Kansas ..........: 124.0 85.0 778 747 847 201.0 150.0 Louisiana .......: 148.0 84.0 1,070 914 1,029 330.0 180.0 Mississippi .....: 515.0 325.0 1,157 1,255 1,108 1,241.0 750.0 Missouri ........: 380.0 340.0 1,320 1,333 1,405 1,045.0 995.0 : New Mexico ......: 28.0 20.0 703 758 720 41.0 30.0 North Carolina ..: 400.0 275.0 942 1,084 943 785.0 540.0 Oklahoma ........: 185.0 275.0 701 836 820 270.0 470.0 South Carolina ..: 221.0 167.0 860 790 790 396.0 275.0 Tennessee .......: 250.0 190.0 1,052 1,061 1,061 548.0 420.0 Texas ...........: 2,950.0 3,600.0 656 680 693 4,030.0 5,200.0 Virginia ........: 90.0 72.0 1,136 967 900 213.0 135.0 : United States ...: 7,604.7 7,229.7 880 854 857 13,942.0 12,915.0 : American Pima : Arizona .........: 14.0 15.5 1,029 1,053 1,053 30.0 34.0 California ......: 142.0 91.0 1,237 1,456 1,187 366.0 225.0 New Mexico ......: 14.5 12.7 794 756 756 24.0 20.0 Texas ...........: 30.0 20.0 816 960 720 51.0 30.0 : United States ...: 200.5 139.2 1,128 1,273 1,066 471.0 309.0 : All : Alabama .........: 396.0 285.0 816 783 825 673.0 490.0 Arizona .........: 109.0 104.5 1,264 1,259 1,194 287.0 260.0 Arkansas ........: 640.0 515.0 1,341 1,305 1,258 1,788.0 1,350.0 California ......: 162.7 108.7 1,301 1,462 1,254 441.0 284.0 Florida .........: 82.0 60.0 697 480 760 119.0 95.0 Georgia .........: 1,080.0 830.0 858 867 896 1,930.0 1,550.0 Kansas ..........: 124.0 85.0 778 747 847 201.0 150.0 Louisiana .......: 148.0 84.0 1,070 914 1,029 330.0 180.0 Mississippi .....: 515.0 325.0 1,157 1,255 1,108 1,241.0 750.0 Missouri ........: 380.0 340.0 1,320 1,333 1,405 1,045.0 995.0 : New Mexico ......: 42.5 32.7 734 757 734 65.0 50.0 North Carolina ..: 400.0 275.0 942 1,084 943 785.0 540.0 Oklahoma ........: 185.0 275.0 701 836 820 270.0 470.0 South Carolina ..: 221.0 167.0 860 790 790 396.0 275.0 Tennessee .......: 250.0 190.0 1,052 1,061 1,061 548.0 420.0 Texas ...........: 2,980.0 3,620.0 657 682 693 4,081.0 5,230.0 Virginia ........: 90.0 72.0 1,136 967 900 213.0 135.0 : United States ...: 7,805.2 7,368.9 886 862 861 14,413.0 13,224.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production ginned and to be ginned. 2/ 480-pound net weight bale. Cottonseed Production - United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : United States ...: 4,262.0 4,000.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Based on a 3-year average lint-seed ratio. Sugarbeet Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : California .......: 28.3 - 28.0 - Colorado .........: 24.8 23.5 23.5 22.4 Idaho ............: 173.2 167.0 173.1 166.0 Michigan .........: 135.2 134.0 134.3 133.0 Minnesota ........: 411.0 426.0 400.6 422.0 Montana ..........: 24.6 24.7 24.3 24.6 Nebraska .........: 47.3 48.1 46.7 46.1 North Dakota .....: 215.8 213.0 211.9 212.0 Oregon ...........: 10.5 10.0 10.4 9.9 Washington .......: 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.0 Wyoming ..........: 31.7 31.4 30.8 30.8 : United States ....: 1,104.3 1,079.7 1,085.5 1,068.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - Represents zero. 1/ Forecasted. Sugarbeet for Sugar Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025 [Relates to year of intended harvest in all States except California] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :---------------------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : August 1 : September 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- 1,000 acres -- ------------- tons ------------ --- 1,000 tons --- : California 1/ .: 28.0 - 47.2 (X) (X) 1,322 - Colorado ......: 23.5 22.4 32.1 31.2 31.6 754 708 Idaho .........: 173.1 166.0 40.0 41.2 41.4 6,924 6,872 Michigan ......: 134.3 133.0 30.6 33.6 34.5 4,110 4,589 Minnesota .....: 400.6 422.0 29.5 30.4 30.3 11,818 12,787 Montana .......: 24.3 24.6 32.3 36.2 36.0 785 886 Nebraska ......: 46.7 46.1 30.5 29.5 29.7 1,424 1,369 North Dakota ..: 211.9 212.0 31.5 31.1 31.3 6,675 6,636 Oregon ........: 10.4 9.9 41.0 41.5 40.4 426 400 Washington ....: 1.9 2.0 49.5 48.7 48.7 94 97 Wyoming .......: 30.8 30.8 30.7 31.1 31.3 946 964 : United States .: 1,085.5 1,068.8 32.5 32.9 33.0 35,278 35,308 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Relates to year of planting for overwintered beets in southern California. Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre 1/ : Production 1/ :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :---------------------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : August 1 : September 1 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres ------------ tons ------------ --- 1,000 tons --- : Florida .......: 396.7 412.0 45.4 42.4 43.4 18,020 17,881 Louisiana .....: 523.3 525.0 31.3 32.0 31.4 16,361 16,485 : United States .: 920.0 937.0 37.4 36.5 36.7 34,381 34,366 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Net tons. Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :-------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :-----------------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : August 1 :September 1: : ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- acres ----- ---------- pounds ---------- -- 1,000 pounds -- : Kentucky ..........: 32,800 29,500 2,298 2,268 2,252 75,365 66,420 North Carolina ....: 114,000 120,000 1,800 2,100 2,200 205,200 264,000 Tennessee .........: 8,250 7,600 2,332 2,413 2,376 19,235 18,060 Virginia ..........: 12,400 13,500 2,050 2,300 2,100 25,420 28,350 : United States .....: 167,450 170,600 1,942 2,159 2,209 325,220 376,830 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Class, type, and State : : : : 2025 : : : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 :---------------------------: 2024 : 2025 : : : : August 1 : September 1 : : --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ acres ----- ------------ pounds ------------ -- 1,000 pounds -- : Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14) : North Carolina .........................: 114,000 120,000 1,800 2,100 2,200 205,200 264,000 Virginia ...............................: 12,400 13,500 2,050 2,300 2,100 25,420 28,350 : United States ..........................: 126,400 133,500 1,825 2,120 2,190 230,620 292,350 : Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23) : Kentucky ...............................: 4,700 3,100 3,350 3,100 3,000 15,745 9,300 Tennessee ..............................: 3,700 3,000 3,000 3,200 3,100 11,100 9,300 : United States ..........................: 8,400 6,100 3,196 3,148 3,049 26,845 18,600 : Class 3A, Light air-cured : Type 31, Burley : Kentucky .............................: 25,000 24,000 2,050 2,100 2,100 51,250 50,400 Tennessee ............................: 3,600 3,800 1,600 1,800 1,800 5,760 6,840 : United States ........................: 28,600 27,800 1,993 2,060 2,059 57,010 57,240 : Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37) : Kentucky ...............................: 3,100 2,400 2,700 2,800 2,800 8,370 6,720 Tennessee ..............................: 950 800 2,500 2,300 2,400 2,375 1,920 : United States ..........................: 4,050 3,200 2,653 2,682 2,700 10,745 8,640 : All tobacco : United States ..........................: 167,450 170,600 1,942 2,159 2,209 325,220 376,830 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Lentil Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested State :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Montana ......: 720.0 830.0 690.0 810.0 North Dakota .: 165.0 185.0 162.0 184.0 Washington ...: 51.0 58.0 51.0 57.0 : United States : 936.0 1,073.0 903.0 1,051.0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. Lentil Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- 1,000 acres ----- ------- pounds ------- ------ 1,000 cwt ------ : Montana ......: 690.0 810.0 900 950 6,210 7,695 North Dakota .: 162.0 184.0 1,450 1,550 2,349 2,852 Washington ...: 51.0 57.0 960 940 490 536 : United States : 903.0 1,051.0 1,002 1,055 9,049 11,083 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dry Edible Pea Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published. Excludes wrinkled seed peas and Austrian Winter peas] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested State :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Idaho ..........: 11.0 22.0 10.9 21.0 Montana ........: 590.0 690.0 570.0 660.0 Nebraska .......: 26.0 23.0 23.0 20.0 North Dakota ...: 300.0 385.0 290.0 375.0 Washington .....: 49.0 59.0 46.0 58.0 : United States ..: 976.0 1,179.0 939.9 1,134.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Forecasted. Dry Edible Pea Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025 [Excludes wrinkled seed peas and Austrian Winter peas] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- 1,000 acres ----- ------- pounds ------- ------ 1,000 cwt ------ : Idaho ..........: 10.9 21.0 1,940 1,730 211 363 Montana ........: 570.0 660.0 1,430 1,390 8,151 9,174 Nebraska .......: 23.0 20.0 1,660 2,670 382 534 North Dakota ...: 290.0 375.0 2,430 2,450 7,047 9,188 Washington .....: 46.0 58.0 1,930 2,270 888 1,317 : United States ..: 939.9 1,134.0 1,775 1,814 16,679 20,576 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Chickpea Area Planted and Harvested - States and United States: 2024 and 2025 [Includes updates to planted and harvested area previously published] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Size and State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Small chickpeas 2/ : Idaho ...................: 38.0 27.0 37.9 26.7 Montana .................: 48.0 60.0 45.3 55.0 North Dakota ............: 14.0 7.0 14.0 6.9 Washington ..............: 38.0 38.0 38.0 37.9 : United States ...........: 138.0 132.0 135.2 126.5 : Large chickpeas 3/ : Idaho ...................: 59.0 72.0 58.2 71.5 Montana .................: 172.0 200.0 167.5 190.0 North Dakota ............: 30.0 31.0 29.0 30.5 Washington ..............: 103.0 106.0 102.5 105.5 : United States ...........: 364.0 409.0 357.2 397.5 : All chickpeas : Idaho ...................: 97.0 99.0 96.1 98.2 Montana .................: 220.0 260.0 212.8 245.0 North Dakota ............: 44.0 38.0 43.0 37.4 Washington ..............: 141.0 144.0 140.5 143.4 : United States ...........: 502.0 541.0 492.4 524.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Forecasted. 2/ Chickpeas 20/64 inches or smaller. 3/ Chickpeas larger than 20/64 inches. Chickpea Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production Size and State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- 1,000 acres --- ------ pounds ------ ----- 1,000 cwt ---- : Small chickpeas 1/ : Idaho ...................: 37.9 26.7 1,170 1,100 443 294 Montana .................: 45.3 55.0 940 1,500 426 825 North Dakota ............: 14.0 6.9 2,100 (D) 294 (D) Washington ..............: 38.0 37.9 1,320 (D) 502 (D) : Other States 2/ .........: - - (X) 1,567 - 702 : United States ...........: 135.2 126.5 1,232 1,440 1,665 1,821 : Large chickpeas 3/ : Idaho ...................: 58.2 71.5 1,150 1,110 669 794 Montana .................: 167.5 190.0 970 1,520 1,625 2,888 North Dakota ............: 29.0 30.5 1,420 (D) 412 (D) Washington ..............: 102.5 105.5 1,230 (D) 1,261 (D) : Other States 2/ .........: - - (X) 1,417 - 1,927 : United States ...........: 357.2 397.5 1,111 1,411 3,967 5,609 : All chickpeas : Idaho ...................: 96.1 98.2 1,160 1,110 1,112 1,088 Montana .................: 212.8 245.0 960 1,520 2,051 3,713 North Dakota ............: 43.0 37.4 1,640 1,730 706 648 Washington ..............: 140.5 143.4 1,250 1,380 1,763 1,981 : United States ...........: 492.4 524.0 1,144 1,418 5,632 7,430 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Chickpeas 20/64 inches or smaller. 2/ Includes data withheld above. 3/ Chickpeas larger than 20/64 inches. Utilized Production of Walnuts - States and United States: 2024 and Forecasted September 1, 2025 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized production (in-shell basis) State :--------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- : tons : California ...................: 603,000 710,000 : United States ................: 603,000 710,000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Utilized Production of Oranges by Type - States and United States: 2024-2025 and Forecasted September 1, 2025 [The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized production boxes 1/ :Utilized production ton equivalent State and type :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2024-2025 : 2025-2026 : 2024-2025 : 2025-2026 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 boxes ----- ------ 1,000 tons ----- Oranges : California, all ............: 45,200 1,808 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 37,900 40,000 1,516 1,600 Valencia ..................: 7,300 292 : Florida, all ...............: 12,200 549 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 4,600 207 Valencia ..................: 7,600 342 : Texas, all .................: 850 37 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 530 23 Valencia ..................: 320 14 : United States, all .........: 58,250 2,394 Early, mid, and Navel 2/ ..: 43,030 1,746 Valencia ..................: 15,220 648 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Net pounds per box: oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85; 2/ Navel and miscellaneous varieties in California. Early (including Navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 2,373 2,281 1,875 1,812 Corn for grain 1/ ......................: 90,594 98,728 82,896 90,047 Corn for silage ........................: (NA) 6,100 Hay, all ...............................: (NA) (NA) 49,390 49,725 Alfalfa ..............................: (NA) (NA) 14,612 14,192 All other ............................: (NA) (NA) 34,778 35,533 Oats ...................................: 2,213 2,343 886 843 Proso millet ...........................: 481 410 427 Rice ...................................: 2,910 2,823 2,867 2,762 Rye ....................................: 2,206 2,415 402 385 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...................: 6,300 6,645 5,605 5,715 Sorghum for silage .....................: (NA) 306 Wheat, all .............................: 46,079 45,391 38,469 36,564 Winter ...............................: 33,390 33,215 26,103 24,735 Durum ................................: 2,064 2,186 2,036 2,139 Other spring .........................: 10,625 9,990 10,330 9,690 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2,751.5 2,388.0 2,710.0 2,349.0 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed ...............................: 148 375 140 348 Mustard seed ...........................: 185.0 165.0 176.9 155.8 Peanuts ................................: 1,801.0 1,954.0 1,758.0 1,901.0 Rapeseed ...............................: 17.5 20.1 15.7 18.0 Safflower ..............................: 116.6 130.0 108.0 122.0 Soybeans for beans .....................: 87,050 81,135 86,050 80,313 Sunflower ..............................: 720.8 998.0 686.1 957.7 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all ............................: 11,183.0 9,296.0 7,805.2 7,368.9 Upland ...............................: 10,976.0 9,153.0 7,604.7 7,229.7 American Pima ........................: 207.0 143.0 200.5 139.2 Sugarbeets .............................: 1,104.3 1,079.7 1,085.5 1,068.8 Sugarcane ..............................: (NA) (NA) 920.0 937.0 Tobacco ................................: (NA) (NA) 167.5 170.6 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 502.0 541.0 492.4 524.0 Dry edible beans .......................: 1,533.0 1,389.0 1,503.6 1,364.5 Dry edible peas ........................: 976.0 1,179.0 939.9 1,134.0 Lentils ................................: 936.0 1,073.0 903.0 1,051.0 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: (NA) (NA) 44.8 41.9 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .........................: (NA) 23.2 Potatoes ...............................: 930.0 912.0 925.4 905.9 Spearmint oil ..........................: (NA) 10.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per acre : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : --------- 1,000 -------- : Grains and hay : Barley ..........................bushels: 76.7 77.9 143,836 141,171 Corn for grain ..................bushels: 179.3 186.7 14,866,744 16,814,371 Corn for silage ....................tons: 20.2 123,093 Hay, all ...........................tons: 2.48 2.48 122,462 123,500 Alfalfa ..........................tons: 3.41 3.51 49,840 49,748 All other ........................tons: 2.09 2.08 72,622 73,752 Oats ............................bushels: 76.5 76.2 67,793 64,264 Proso millet ....................bushels: 32.9 14,061 Rice 2/ .............................cwt: 7,748 7,559 222,133 208,777 Rye .............................bushels: 36.6 14,729 Sorghum for grain ...............bushels: 61.3 70.4 343,850 402,235 Sorghum for silage .................tons: 13.3 4,062 Wheat, all ......................bushels: 51.2 52.7 1,971,301 1,927,026 Winter ........................bushels: 51.7 54.8 1,348,930 1,355,135 Durum .........................bushels: 39.3 40.9 80,051 87,411 Other spring ..................bushels: 52.5 50.0 542,320 484,480 : Oilseeds : Canola ...........................pounds: 1,784 4,834,030 Cottonseed .........................tons: (X) (X) 4,262.0 4,000.0 Flaxseed ........................bushels: 17.3 2,420 Mustard seed .....................pounds: 577 102,015 Peanuts ..........................pounds: 3,668 3,890 6,448,020 7,395,000 Rapeseed .........................pounds: 2,019 31,705 Safflower ........................pounds: 1,200 129,585 Soybeans for beans ..............bushels: 50.7 53.5 4,366,492 4,300,670 Sunflower ........................pounds: 1,670 1,145,605 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ ....................bales: 886 861 14,413.0 13,224.0 Upland 2/ .......................bales: 880 857 13,942.0 12,915.0 American Pima 2/ ................bales: 1,128 1,066 471.0 309.0 Sugarbeets .........................tons: 32.5 33.0 35,278 35,308 Sugarcane ..........................tons: 37.4 36.7 34,381 34,366 Tobacco ..........................pounds: 1,942 2,209 325,220 376,830 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas 2/ ........................cwt: 1,144 1,418 5,632 7,430 Dry edible beans 2/ .................cwt: 2,081 2,203 31,289 30,056 Dry edible peas 2/ ..................cwt: 1,775 1,814 16,679 20,576 Lentils 2/ ..........................cwt: 1,002 1,055 9,049 11,083 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops .............................pounds: 1,944 1,958 87,072.2 82,103.4 Maple syrup .....................gallons: (NA) (NA) 5,860 5,771 Mushrooms ........................pounds: (NA) (NA) 658,604 669,930 Peppermint oil ...................pounds: 103 2,391 Potatoes ............................cwt: 454 420,242 Spearmint oil ....................pounds: 132 1,357 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Yield in pounds. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 960,330 923,100 758,790 733,300 Corn for grain 1/ ..............: 36,662,490 39,954,230 33,547,180 36,441,120 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 2,468,610 Hay, all 2/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 19,987,640 20,123,210 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) (NA) 5,913,330 5,743,360 All other ....................: (NA) (NA) 14,074,310 14,379,850 Oats ...........................: 895,580 948,190 358,560 341,150 Proso millet ...................: 194,660 165,920 172,800 Rice ...........................: 1,177,650 1,142,440 1,160,250 1,117,750 Rye ............................: 892,750 977,330 162,690 155,810 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 2,549,550 2,689,170 2,268,290 2,312,800 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 123,840 Wheat, all 2/ ..................: 18,647,710 18,369,280 15,568,020 14,797,090 Winter .......................: 13,512,600 13,441,780 10,563,620 10,010,010 Durum ........................: 835,280 884,650 823,950 865,630 Other spring .................: 4,299,830 4,042,850 4,180,450 3,921,450 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 1,113,500 966,400 1,096,710 950,620 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 59,890 151,760 56,660 140,830 Mustard seed ...................: 74,870 66,770 71,590 63,050 Peanuts ........................: 728,850 790,760 711,450 769,320 Rapeseed .......................: 7,080 8,130 6,350 7,280 Safflower ......................: 47,190 52,610 43,710 49,370 Soybeans for beans .............: 35,228,260 32,834,520 34,823,570 32,501,870 Sunflower ......................: 291,700 403,880 277,660 387,570 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 2/ .................: 4,525,650 3,762,000 3,158,690 2,982,120 Upland .......................: 4,441,880 3,704,130 3,077,550 2,925,790 American Pima ................: 83,770 57,870 81,140 56,330 Sugarbeets .....................: 446,900 436,940 439,290 432,530 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) (NA) 372,310 379,190 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) 67,770 69,040 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ......................: 203,150 218,940 199,270 212,060 Dry edible beans ...............: 620,390 562,110 608,490 552,200 Dry edible peas ................: 394,980 477,130 380,370 458,920 Lentils ........................: 378,790 434,230 365,440 425,330 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...........................: (NA) (NA) 18,130 16,970 Maple syrup ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ......................: (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 9,390 Potatoes .......................: 376,360 369,080 374,500 366,610 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 4,170 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : metric tons : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 4.13 4.19 3,131,660 3,073,640 Corn for grain .........................: 11.26 11.72 377,632,690 427,104,700 Corn for silage ........................: 45.24 111,668,090 Hay, all 2/ ............................: 5.56 5.57 111,095,660 112,037,320 Alfalfa ..............................: 7.65 7.86 45,214,090 45,130,630 All other ............................: 4.68 4.65 65,881,570 66,906,690 Oats ...................................: 2.74 2.73 984,010 932,790 Proso millet ...........................: 1.85 318,900 Rice ...................................: 8.68 8.47 10,075,780 9,469,970 Rye ....................................: 2.30 374,130 Sorghum for grain ......................: 3.85 4.42 8,734,190 10,217,240 Sorghum for silage .....................: 29.76 3,684,980 Wheat, all 2/ ..........................: 3.45 3.54 53,650,020 52,445,050 Winter ...............................: 3.48 3.68 36,711,860 36,880,730 Durum ................................: 2.64 2.75 2,178,630 2,378,940 Other spring .........................: 3.53 3.36 14,759,530 13,185,380 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2.00 2,192,680 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) 3,866,420 3,628,740 Flaxseed ...............................: 1.08 61,470 Mustard seed ...........................: 0.65 46,270 Peanuts ................................: 4.11 4.36 2,924,770 3,354,320 Rapeseed ...............................: 2.26 14,380 Safflower ..............................: 1.34 58,780 Soybeans for beans .....................: 3.41 3.60 118,836,440 117,045,060 Sunflower ..............................: 1.87 519,640 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ .........................: 0.99 0.97 3,138,060 2,879,190 Upland ...............................: 0.99 0.96 3,035,510 2,811,910 American Pima ........................: 1.26 1.19 102,550 67,280 Sugarbeets .............................: 72.85 74.05 32,003,660 32,030,880 Sugarcane ..............................: 83.77 82.22 31,189,920 31,176,310 Tobacco ................................: 2.18 2.48 147,520 170,930 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 1.28 1.59 255,460 337,020 Dry edible beans .......................: 2.33 2.47 1,419,250 1,363,320 Dry edible peas ........................: 1.99 2.03 756,550 933,310 Lentils ................................: 1.12 1.18 410,460 502,720 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: 2.18 2.19 39,500 37,240 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) 29,300 28,860 Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) 298,740 303,870 Peppermint oil .........................: 0.12 1,080 Potatoes ...............................: 50.90 19,061,860 Spearmint oil ..........................: 0.15 620 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2024-2025 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ......................1,000 tons: 328 299 Lemons ..........................1,000 tons: 1,018 1,107 Oranges .........................1,000 tons: 2,679 2,394 Tangerines and mandarins ........1,000 tons: 1,109 1,223 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ..........million pounds: 10,853.0 11,470.0 Apricots ..............................tons: 34,300 30,700 Avocados ..............................tons: 197,070 Blueberries, Cultivated .......1,000 pounds: 795,300 Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .....1,000 pounds: 90,900 Cherries, Sweet .......................tons: 367,200 383,000 Cherries, Tart ..............million pounds: 214.8 138.5 Coffee (Hawaii) ...............1,000 pounds: 25,270 Cranberries .........................barrel: 8,946,000 8,130,000 : Dates .................................tons: 62,450 Grapes ................................tons: 5,403,800 5,590,000 Kiwifruit (California) ................tons: 35,400 Nectarines (California) ...............tons: 128,500 Olives (California) ...................tons: 162,500 Papayas (Hawaii) ..............1,000 pounds: 11,000 Peaches ...............................tons: 709,200 682,500 Pears .................................tons: 510,500 625,000 Plums (California) ....................tons: 91,300 Prunes (California) ...................tons: 234,300 Raspberries ...................1,000 pounds: 180,960 Strawberries .....................1,000 cwt: 32,320.0 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .1,000 pounds: 2,730,000 3,000,000 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..........tons: 96,800 Macadamias (Hawaii) ...........1,000 pounds: 35,900 Pecans, in-shell ..............1,000 pounds: 264,980 Pistachios (California) .......1,000 pounds: 1,100,000 Walnuts, in-shell (California) ........tons: 603,000 710,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2023-2024 and 2024-2025. Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2024 and 2025 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2025 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2024-2025 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ................................: 297,560 271,250 Lemons ....................................: 923,510 1,004,250 Oranges ...................................: 2,430,350 2,171,800 Tangerines and mandarins ..................: 1,006,070 1,109,490 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ........................: 4,922,840 5,202,700 Apricots ..................................: 31,120 27,850 Avocados ..................................: 178,780 Blueberries, Cultivated ...................: 360,740 Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .................: 41,230 Cherries, Sweet ...........................: 333,120 347,450 Cherries, Tart ............................: 97,430 62,820 Coffee (Hawaii) ...........................: 11,460 Cranberries ...............................: 405,780 368,770 : Dates .....................................: 56,650 Grapes ....................................: 4,902,240 5,071,160 Kiwifruit (California) ....................: 32,110 Nectarines (California) ...................: 116,570 Olives (California) .......................: 147,420 Papayas (Hawaii) ..........................: 4,990 Peaches ...................................: 643,380 619,150 Pears .....................................: 463,120 566,990 Plums (California) ........................: 82,830 Prunes (California) .......................: 212,550 Raspberries ...............................: 82,080 Strawberries ..............................: 1,466,010 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .............: 1,238,310 1,360,780 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..............: 87,820 Macadamias (Hawaii) .......................: 16,280 Pecans, in-shell ..........................: 120,190 Pistachios (California) ...................: 498,950 Walnuts, in-shell (California) ............: 547,030 644,100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2023-2024 and 2024-2025. Corn for Grain Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 10 corn-producing States during 2025. Randomly selected plots in corn for grain fields are visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in these tables are rounded actual field counts from this survey. Corn for Grain Plant Population per Acre - Selected States: 2021-2025 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : :: State : : : : : and month : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 :: and month : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number :: : number : :: : Illinois : :: Nebraska : September .....: 31,550 32,050 32,550 31,850 32,700 :: All corn : October .......: 31,550 32,500 32,450 32,250 :: September ....: 26,750 26,450 26,600 25,950 26,450 November ......: 31,500 32,450 32,400 32,200 :: October ......: 26,650 26,250 26,700 25,800 Final .........: 31,500 32,450 32,400 32,200 :: November .....: 26,650 26,200 26,650 25,800 : :: Final ........: 26,650 26,200 26,650 25,800 Indiana : :: : September .....: 29,700 29,050 31,000 30,850 29,650 :: Irrigated : October .......: 29,650 28,550 30,800 30,650 :: September ....: 29,350 29,000 29,650 28,300 27,900 November ......: 29,750 28,600 31,100 30,600 :: October ......: 29,300 28,950 29,600 28,150 Final .........: 29,750 28,600 31,100 30,600 :: November .....: 29,300 28,850 29,550 28,050 : :: Final ........: 29,300 28,850 29,550 28,050 Iowa : :: : September .....: 31,850 31,750 32,250 30,900 30,750 :: Non-irrigated : October .......: 31,850 31,550 31,900 30,500 :: September ....: 24,050 23,850 23,450 23,000 25,000 November ......: 31,800 31,600 31,950 30,600 :: October ......: 24,000 23,500 23,650 22,850 Final .........: 31,800 31,600 31,950 30,850 :: November .....: 23,950 23,500 23,700 23,000 : :: Final ........: 23,950 23,500 23,700 23,000 Kansas : :: : September .....: 22,050 22,600 23,800 21,700 21,650 :: Ohio : October .......: 21,550 23,200 23,400 21,650 :: September .....: 30,400 29,400 30,050 31,300 31,200 November ......: 21,800 23,350 23,600 21,750 :: October .......: 30,050 29,350 29,900 31,250 Final .........: 21,800 23,350 23,600 21,700 :: November ......: 30,050 29,700 29,650 31,150 : :: Final .........: 30,050 29,700 29,650 31,150 Minnesota : :: : September .....: 30,750 31,300 31,300 30,200 31,350 :: South Dakota : October .......: 30,700 31,250 31,450 30,500 :: September .....: 26,150 26,400 26,050 25,650 23,600 November ......: 30,700 31,300 31,450 30,550 :: October .......: 26,100 26,200 26,150 25,350 Final .........: 30,700 31,300 31,450 30,500 :: November ......: 25,750 25,900 26,100 25,400 : :: Final .........: 25,750 25,900 26,100 25,400 Missouri : :: : September .....: 27,250 27,500 27,350 28,500 27,450 :: Wisconsin : October .......: 27,400 27,100 27,300 28,150 :: September .....: 29,900 30,700 30,300 30,350 29,650 November ......: 27,350 27,200 27,400 28,150 :: October .......: 29,550 30,300 29,900 30,300 Final .........: 27,350 27,200 27,400 28,150 :: November ......: 29,400 30,200 30,050 30,450 : :: Final .........: 29,400 30,200 30,000 30,450 : :: : : :: 10 State : : :: September .....: 29,100 29,250 29,650 28,900 28,800 : :: October .......: 29,000 29,200 29,500 28,800 : :: November ......: 29,000 29,200 29,550 28,850 : :: Final .........: 29,000 29,200 29,550 28,900 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Corn for Grain Number of Ears per Acre - Selected States: 2021-2025 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : :: State : : : : : and month : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 :: and month : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number :: : number : :: : Illinois : :: Nebraska : September .....: 31,100 31,500 32,250 31,500 31,950 :: All corn : October .......: 31,050 31,850 32,050 31,900 :: September ....: 26,650 25,850 26,300 26,300 26,700 November ......: 31,050 31,800 32,000 31,850 :: October ......: 26,950 25,000 26,700 25,750 Final .........: 31,050 31,800 32,000 31,850 :: November .....: 26,800 24,950 26,600 25,800 : :: Final ........: 26,800 24,950 26,600 25,850 Indiana : :: : September .....: 29,700 28,700 30,700 31,700 29,900 :: Irrigated : October .......: 29,750 28,400 30,950 30,850 :: September ....: 29,000 28,900 29,350 28,400 28,200 November ......: 29,900 28,500 30,950 30,750 :: October ......: 29,600 28,350 29,800 27,750 Final .........: 29,900 28,500 30,950 30,750 :: November .....: 29,500 28,300 29,700 27,750 : :: Final ........: 29,500 28,300 29,700 27,750 Iowa : :: : September .....: 31,750 30,850 32,050 31,100 30,300 :: Non-irrigated : October .......: 31,800 30,800 31,700 30,450 :: September ....: 24,250 22,700 23,150 23,600 25,150 November ......: 31,800 30,800 31,750 30,500 :: October ......: 24,200 21,600 23,500 23,200 Final .........: 31,800 30,800 31,750 30,750 :: November .....: 24,050 21,600 23,450 23,300 : :: Final ........: 24,050 21,600 23,450 23,450 Kansas : :: : September .....: 22,250 22,800 23,500 21,350 22,300 :: Ohio : October .......: 21,450 22,300 22,800 20,850 :: September .....: 30,650 29,250 29,850 30,800 30,800 November ......: 21,700 22,100 23,150 21,000 :: October .......: 30,350 29,250 30,400 30,550 Final .........: 21,700 22,100 23,150 21,000 :: November ......: 30,350 29,550 29,950 30,450 : :: Final .........: 30,350 29,500 29,950 30,450 Minnesota : :: : September .....: 30,800 31,200 31,350 30,150 31,450 :: South Dakota : October .......: 30,650 31,450 31,300 30,450 :: September .....: 26,250 25,300 25,900 26,200 24,500 November ......: 30,600 31,450 31,300 30,450 :: October .......: 26,150 24,700 25,950 25,300 Final .........: 30,600 31,450 31,300 30,400 :: November ......: 25,400 24,250 26,150 25,250 : :: Final .........: 25,400 24,250 26,150 25,250 Missouri : :: : September .....: 26,900 26,300 26,500 28,450 26,850 :: Wisconsin : October .......: 26,950 26,200 26,300 27,950 :: September .....: 30,100 29,900 30,450 30,050 29,250 November ......: 26,950 26,300 26,350 27,900 :: October .......: 29,500 29,550 30,200 30,400 Final .........: 26,950 26,300 26,350 27,900 :: November ......: 29,400 29,400 30,200 30,400 : :: Final .........: 29,400 29,400 30,200 30,550 : :: : : :: 10-State : : :: September .....: 29,050 28,650 29,400 28,950 28,700 : :: October .......: 28,950 28,500 29,350 28,650 : :: November ......: 28,850 28,450 29,350 28,650 : :: Final .........: 28,850 28,450 29,350 28,700 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Soybean Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 11 soybean-producing States during 2025. Randomly selected plots in soybean fields are visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey. Soybean Pods with Beans per 18 Square Feet - Selected States: 2021-2025 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : :: State : : : : : and month : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 :: and month : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2024 : 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number :: : number : :: : Arkansas : :: Missouri : September .....: 1,449 1,721 2,043 1,666 1,927 :: September .....: 1,925 1,736 2,099 2,034 2,194 October .......: 1,501 1,746 1,844 1,667 :: October .......: 1,886 1,606 1,991 2,044 November ......: 1,583 1,711 1,856 1,650 :: November ......: 2,047 1,880 2,062 2,022 Final .........: 1,623 1,711 1,824 1,693 :: Final .........: 2,121 1,875 2,058 2,023 : :: : Illinois : :: Nebraska : September .....: 2,080 1,896 1,952 1,938 2,178 :: September .....: 1,887 1,592 1,644 1,977 2,053 October .......: 2,120 1,888 2,085 2,167 :: October .......: 2,069 1,597 1,678 1,873 November ......: 2,222 2,010 2,121 2,167 :: November ......: 2,148 1,586 1,709 1,886 Final .........: 2,227 2,011 2,121 2,167 :: Final .........: 2,148 1,586 1,709 1,894 : :: : Indiana : :: North Dakota : September .....: 1,846 1,655 1,927 1,978 2,094 :: September .....: 1,055 1,281 1,250 1,352 1,283 October .......: 1,811 1,749 1,998 2,005 :: October .......: 1,014 1,298 1,203 1,435 November ......: 1,822 1,763 1,962 1,914 :: November ......: 1,009 1,357 1,408 1,485 Final .........: 1,836 1,773 1,962 1,913 :: Final .........: 1,009 1,357 1,404 1,490 : :: : Iowa : :: Ohio : September .....: 1,732 1,585 1,814 1,859 2,079 :: September .....: 2,060 1,798 1,847 1,797 2,230 October .......: 1,800 1,653 1,997 1,992 :: October .......: 1,989 1,890 2,003 1,957 November ......: 1,894 1,785 2,071 2,039 :: November ......: 2,074 1,788 2,030 1,929 Final .........: 1,890 1,780 2,070 2,038 :: Final .........: 2,116 1,780 2,030 1,908 : :: : Kansas : :: South Dakota : September .....: 1,404 1,456 1,500 1,365 1,595 :: September .....: 1,626 1,258 1,520 1,345 1,577 October .......: 1,480 1,400 1,372 1,366 :: October .......: 1,526 1,291 1,552 1,438 November ......: 1,551 1,392 1,500 1,256 :: November ......: 1,512 1,305 1,644 1,457 Final .........: 1,514 1,391 1,529 1,362 :: Final .........: 1,522 1,305 1,644 1,465 : :: : Minnesota : :: 11-State : September .....: 1,603 1,468 1,648 1,619 1,732 :: September .....: 1,717 1,604 1,755 1,746 1,923 October .......: 1,545 1,581 1,695 1,591 :: October .......: 1,725 1,628 1,799 1,820 November ......: 1,557 1,610 1,687 1,561 :: November ......: 1,788 1,690 1,856 1,812 Final .........: 1,557 1,610 1,667 1,543 :: Final .........: 1,798 1,689 1,854 1,819 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- August Weather Summary Highlights: Rapid-onset drought from the northern Mississippi Delta into the Northeast led to topsoil moisture depletion and increased stress on pastures and immature summer crops. Impacts extended into parts of the southern and eastern Corn Belt, although the overall national corn condition-69 percent good to excellent on August 31, according to USDA/NASS-was the highest at this time of year since August 28, 2016, when three-quarters of the crop was rated in those two categories. By August 31, statewide topsoil moisture in agricultural regions was rated 76 percent very short to short in Tennessee, along with 74 percent in Kentucky. In the Midwest, topsoil moisture was rated at least one-half very short to short on that date in Ohio (61 percent), Michigan (58 percent), Indiana (57 percent), and Illinois (54 percent). Meanwhile, statewide pastures rated very poor to poor at the end of August were above the national value of 31 percent in Arkansas (36 percent), Kentucky (35 percent), and several Northeastern States, including Maine and New York. August dryness from the mid-South into the Northeast overshadowed ample rainfall in many areas, including large sections of the Plains, South, and upper Midwest. However, August downpours also led to pockets of flash flooding. Some of the most extensive flooding occurred on August 9-10 in the Milwaukee area of southeastern Wisconsin and on August 12 in the Chattanooga area of southeastern Tennessee. By August 31, good to excellent ratings were reported nationally for more than two-thirds of crops such as rice (76 percent), peanuts (71 percent), and corn (69 percent). Sixty-five percent of the Nation's soybeans were rated good to excellent on August 31, down from 70 percent on July 27. However, drought had a pronounced impact on crops across the northern High Plains and Northwest, leaving just 49 percent of the spring wheat and 42 percent of the barley rated in good to excellent condition in the final report of the season on August 24. In fact, drought left more than one-third of rangeland and pastures in very poor to poor condition at the end of August in all Western States, except California and Colorado. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, drought coverage across the Lower 48 States increased from 29.85 to 34.72 percent, an increase of nearly 5 percentage points, during the 4-week period ending September 2. When adding abnormal dryness (D0) to drought (D1 to D4), national coverage increased from 44.56 to 57.62 percent-more than 13 percentage points-during the same 4 weeks. Continuing a recent trend, drought disproportionately affected the West, with nearly 65 percent of the 11-state region experiencing drought on September 2. On that date, extreme to exceptional drought (D3 to D4) blanketed nearly 7 percent of the country, with coverage mostly restricted to the West. In fact, double-digit coverage of D3 to D4 was reported by early September in eight Western States, led by Arizona (39 percent), New Mexico (25 percent), and Colorado (25 percent). Given the extent of Western drought, the country was fortunate to have seen year-to-date wildfires burn only 4.2 million acres of vegetation by early September, below the 10-year average of 5.7 million acres. Still, several lightning-sparked Western wildfires burned more than 100,000 acres, including the 145,504-acre Dragon Bravo Fire (started on July 4) in northern Arizona; the 137,758-acre Lee Fire (started on August 2) in western Colorado; the 132,604-acre Cottonwood Peak Fire (started on August 15) in northern Nevada; and the 124,709-acre Red Canyon Fire (started on August 13) in north-central Wyoming. Northeast of Santa Maria, California, the Gifford Fire (of unknown origin but started on August 1) burned some 131,614 acres of grass, brush, chapparal, and a few pockets of trees. Tropical impacts on agriculture in the United States were minimal, despite the mid-August approach of Hurricane Erin. However, Erin-briefly a Category 5 hurricane-produced as much as 2 to 6 inches of rain and wind gusts as high as 40 to 60 mph while passing less than 150 miles north of San Juan, Puerto Rico, and the northern U.S. Virgin Islands, where King Airport on St. Thomas recorded a peak southwesterly wind gust to 57 mph on August 17. Four days later, on August 21, a weakening Erin passed about 200 miles east of North Carolina's Outer Banks, with minimal weather impacts aside from gusty winds along portions of the Atlantic Seaboard. A peak northerly wind gust to 43 mph was clocked on Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. However, Erin resulted in an extended period of Atlantic coastal impacts, such as life-threatening surf and higher-than-normal tides. Earlier, a low-pressure system near the coastal Carolinas had drifted eastward and gradually developed tropical characteristics, becoming Tropical Storm Dexter on August 4. Markedly cooler weather arrived across much of the eastern half of the country in late August, helping to broadly hold monthly temperatures at least 1 to 2°F below normal, except in the Deep South. Even cooler conditions (2 to 4°F below normal during August) were observed in the Atlantic Coast States from Georgia to southern New England, due to the earlier arrival of chilly air and-in the Southeast-a persistent spell of cloudiness and showers. In contrast, periods of Western heat led to temperatures averaging as much as 2 to 4°F above normal, especially in the Pacific Coast States and the Desert Southwest. August Agricultural Summary August brought mixed conditions across key U.S. agricultural regions. Warmer-than-normal temperatures prevailed across much of the Pacific Northwest and Southwest. In contrast, much of the eastern U.S. recorded monthly temperatures ranging from 2 to 4°F below normal. The northern Great Plains and upper Mississippi Valley experienced variable temperatures, with localized areas recording near-normal to slightly below-normal readings. Meanwhile, much of the middle and northern Atlantic Coast States, Ohio Valley, and middle Mississippi Valley recorded below-normal precipitation, contributing to topsoil moisture depletion. The Pacific Coast and Southwest also experienced drier-than-normal conditions. Precipitation varied across the Great Plains and upper Mississippi Valley, with some areas receiving above-normal monthly totals while others remained below normal. Parts of the Southeast received significant rainfall, with some locations recording up to four times the normal monthly amount. Eighty-eight percent of the Nation's corn crop had reached the silking stage by August 3, two percentage points ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Forty-two percent of the corn crop was at the dough stage, 2 percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Six percent of the corn crop was denting by August 3, equal to both last year and the 5-year average. By August 17, ninety-seven percent of the Nation's corn crop had reached the silking stage, equal to last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Seventy-two percent of the corn crop was at the dough stage, equal to last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Twenty-seven percent of the corn crop was denting, 1 percentage point behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Three percent of the corn crop was mature by August 17, one percentage point behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. By August 31, ninety percent of the Nation's corn crop was at the dough stage, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Fifty-eight percent of the corn crop was denting, equal to last year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Fifteen percent of the Nation's corn crop was mature by August 31, three percentage points behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. On August 31, sixty-nine percent of the 2025 corn crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 4 percentage points above the same time last year. Eighty-five percent of the Nation's soybean crop had reached the blooming stage by August 3, equal to last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Fifty-eight percent of the soybean crop had begun setting pods, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. By August 17, ninety-five percent of the Nation's soybean crop had reached the blooming stage, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. Eighty-two percent of the soybean crop had begun setting pods by August 17, two percentage points ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. By August 31, ninety-four percent of the Nation's soybean crop had begun setting pods, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. Eleven percent of the soybean crop had dropped leaves, 1 percentage point behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. On August 31, sixty-five percent of the Nation's soybean crop was rated in good to excellent condition, equal to the same time last year. Eighty-six percent of the Nation's winter wheat acreage had been harvested by August 3, one percentage point behind both last year and the 5-year average. By August 17, ninety-four percent of the Nation's winter wheat acreage had been harvested, 2 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. The 2025 winter wheat crop was at or beyond 95 percent harvested in 15 of the 18 estimating States by August 17. Eighty-seven percent of the Nation's cotton crop had reached the squaring stage by August 3, three percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Fifty-five percent of the cotton crop was setting bolls, 4 percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Five percent of the cotton had bolls opening by August 3, two percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By August 17, ninety-seven percent of the Nation's cotton crop had reached the squaring stage, 1 percentage point behind both last year and the 5-year average. Seventy-three percent of the cotton crop was setting bolls, 10 percentage points behind last year and 7 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Thirteen percent of the cotton crop had bolls opening by August 17, five percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By August 31, ninety percent of the Nation's cotton crop was setting bolls, 4 percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Twenty-eight percent of the cotton crop had bolls opening, 7 percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On August 31, fifty-one percent of the Nation's cotton crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 7 percentage points above the same time last year. Fifty-one percent of the Nation's sorghum had reached the headed stage by August 3, ten percentage points behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Twenty-three percent of the sorghum crop had reached the coloring stage by August 3, two percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By August 17, seventy-eight percent of the Nation's sorghum had reached the headed stage, 4 percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Thirty-four percent of the sorghum crop had reached the coloring stage, 4 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Eighteen percent of the sorghum crop was mature by August 17, equal to last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By August 31, ninety-four percent of the Nation's sorghum had reached the headed stage, equal to both last year and the 5-year average. Fifty-eight percent of the sorghum crop had reached the coloring stage, 2 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Twenty-eight percent of the sorghum crop was mature, 1 percentage point behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Seventeen percent of the 2025 sorghum acreage had been harvested by August 31, two percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year average. On August 31, sixty-four percent of the Nation's sorghum crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 14 percentage points above the same time last year. Seventy-five percent of the Nation's rice crop had reached the headed stage by August 3, four percentage points behind last year but 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Six percent of the Nation's rice acreage had been harvested by August 3, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By August 17, ninety-two percent of the Nation's rice had reached the headed stage, 1 percentage point behind last year but 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Seventeen percent of the Nation's rice acreage had been harvested by August 17, three percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By August 31, thirty-three percent of the Nation's rice acreage had been harvested, 9 percentage points behind last year but 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On August 31, seventy-six percent of the Nation's rice crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 1 percentage point below the same time last year. Forty-one percent of the Nation's oat acreage had been harvested by August 3, four percentage points behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By August 17, sixty-nine percent of the Nation's oat acreage had been harvested, 3 percentage points ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By August 31, eighty-eight percent of the Nation's oat acreage had been harvested, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By August 31, the 2025 oat acreage was at or beyond 95 percent harvested in 7 of the 9 estimating States. Ninety percent of the Nation's barley crop had headed by August 3, six percentage points behind last year and 8 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Five percent of the barley acreage had been harvested by August 3, one percentage point behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By August 17, thirty-seven percent of the Nation's barley acreage had been harvested, 9 percentage points ahead of last year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By August 31, seventy-two percent of the barley acreage had been harvested, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Ninety-five percent of the Nation's spring wheat crop was headed by August 3, two percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Five percent of the spring wheat acreage had been harvested by August 3, equal to last year but 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By August 17, thirty-six percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage had been harvested, 7 percentage points ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. By August 31, seventy-two percent of the Nation's spring wheat acreage had been harvested, 5 percentage points ahead of last year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Ninety-two percent of the Nation's peanut crop had reached the pegging stage by August 3, one percentage point ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By August 17, ninety-six percent of the Nation's peanut crop had reached the pegging stage, 2 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. On August 31, seventy-one percent of the Nation's peanut crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 10 percentage points above the same time last year. Crop Comments Corn: Acreage updates were made based on a thorough review of all available data. Total planted area, at 98.7 million acres, is up 2 percent from the previous estimate and up 9 percent from 2024. Area harvested for grain is forecast at 90.0 million acres, up 2 percent from the previous forecast and up 9 percent from last year. Production for grain is forecast at 16.8 billion bushels, up less than 1 percent from the previous forecast and up 13 percent from last year. If realized, this would be the highest grain production on record for the United States. Based on conditions as of September 1, the yield is forecast at a record high 186.7 bushels per acre, down 2.1 bushels from the previous forecast but up 7.4 bushels from last year's final estimate of 179.3 bushels per acre. Record high yields are forecast in Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, South Carolina, South Dakota, Virginia, and Wisconsin. Eighty-eight percent of the Nation's corn had reached the silking stage by August 3, two percentage points ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Forty-two percent of the corn was at the dough stage by August 3, two percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Six percent of the corn had reached the dented stage by August 3, equal to both last year and the 5-year average. By August 17, ninety-seven percent of the Nation's corn had reached the silking stage, equal to last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Seventy-two percent of the corn was at the dough stage by August 17, equal to last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By August 17, twenty-seven percent of the corn had reached the dented stage, 1 percentage point behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Three percent of the corn was mature by August 17, one percentage point behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Ninety percent of the Nation's corn crop was at the dough stage by August 31, one percentage point ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By August 31, fifty-eight percent of the corn had reached the dented stage, equal to last year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Fifteen percent of the corn was mature by August 31, three percentage points behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. On August 31, sixty-nine percent of the Nation's corn was rated in good to excellent condition. Sorghum: Acreage updates were made in several States following a thorough review of all available data. Total planted area, at 6.65 million acres, is up 1 percent from the previous estimate and up 5 percent from last year. Area harvested for grain is forecast at 5.72 million acres, up 1 percent from the previous forecast and up 2 percent from 2024. Production is forecast at 402 million bushels, up 3 percent from the previous estimate and up 17 percent from last year. Based on September 1 conditions, yield is forecast at 70.4 bushels per acre, 1.4 bushels above the previous estimate and 9.1 bushels above the 2024 yield of 61.3 bushels per acre. By August 31, twenty-eight percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was at or beyond the mature stage, one percentage point behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Seventeen percent of the crop had been harvested, 2 percentage points behind the previous year and the five-year average. Sixty-four percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was rated in good to excellent condition on August 31, fourteen percentage points above the previous year. Rice: Acreage updates were made based on a thorough review of all available data. Planted area, at 2.82 million acres, is up 1 percent from the previous estimate but down 3 percent from the previous year. Area for harvest is expected to total 2.76 million acres, up 1 percent from the previous estimate but down 4 percent from last year. All Rice production is forecast at 209 million cwt, up less than one percent from the previous forecast but down 6 percent from the previous year. Based on conditions as of September 1, the average United States yield is forecast at 7,559 pounds per acre, down 77 pounds from the previous forecast and down 189 pounds per acre from 2024. Compared with the previous year, production increases are expected in California, Louisiana, and Mississippi. As of August 31, thirty-three percent of the Nation's rice acreage had been harvested, 9 percentage points behind last year but 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. As of August 31, seventy-six percent of the rice was rated in good to excellent condition. Soybeans: Acreage updates were made based on a thorough review of all available data. Total planted area, at 81.1 million acres, is up less than 1 percent from the previous estimate but down 7 percent from 2024. Area harvested for beans is forecast at 80.3 million acres, up less than 1 percent from the previous forecast but down 7 percent from last year. Production is forecast at 4.30 billion bushels, up less than 1 percent from the previous estimate but down 2 percent from last year. The forecasted yield, at 53.5 bushels per acre, is up 2.8 bushels from last year's final estimate of 50.7 bushels per acre. If realized, this would be the highest yield on record for the Nation. The September objective yield data for the 11 major soybean-producing States (Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, and South Dakota) indicate a higher pod count compared with the previous year. Compared with final counts for 2024, pod counts are up in 10 of the 11 published States. Ohio showed the greatest increase, up 322 pods per 18 square feet from the previous year. As of August 3, fifty-eight percent of soybean acreage was setting pods, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. Eighty-two percent of the acreage was setting pods on August 17, two percentage points ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. By August 31, ninety-four percent of the soybean acreage was setting pods, 1 percentage point ahead of last year but equal to the 5-year average. As of August 31, sixty-five percent of soybean acreage was rated in good to excellent condition compared to 65 percent at the same time last year. During the month of August, 13 of the 18 estimated States published in the weekly Crop Progress report showed a decrease in the percent of acreage rated in the good to excellent categories. Three of the 18 States showed decreases of 10 percent or more. If realized, the forecasted yield will be a record high in Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, and Wisconsin. Peanuts: Acreage updates were made based on a thorough review of all available data. Planted area for the Nation is estimated at 1.95 million acres, up 1 percent from the previous estimate and up 8 percent from last year. Total harvested area, at 1.90 million acres, is up 1 percent from the previous estimate and is up 8 percent from 2024. Record high harvested acres are expected in Arkansas. Production is forecast at 7.40 billion pounds, up 15 percent from 2024. Based on conditions as of September 1, the average yield for the United States is forecast at 3,890 pounds per acre, up 222 pounds per acre from 2024. A record high yield is expected in North Carolina. As of August 31, seventy-one percent of the peanut acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 3 percentage points behind the previous week but 10 percentage points ahead of the same time last year. Cotton: Acreage updates were made in several States based on a thorough review of all available data. Area planted to Upland cotton is estimated at 9.15 million acres, up less than 1 percent from the previous estimate but down 17 percent from 2024. Upland harvested area for the Nation is expected to total 7.23 million acres, up less than 1 percent from the previous estimate but down 5 percent from last year. Pima cotton planted area is estimated at 143,000 acres, up 1 percent from the previous forecast but down 31 percent from 2024. Pima harvested area is expected at 139,200 acres is up 1 percent from the previous estimate but down 31 percent from last year. By August 31, ninety percent of the Nation's cotton acreage had begun setting bolls, 4 percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By August 31, twenty-eight percent of the Nation's cotton had open bolls, 7 percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On August 31, fifty-one percent of the 2025 cotton acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, seven percentage points above the previous year. Sugarbeets: Acreage updates were made based on a thorough review of all available data. Planted area, at 1.08 million acres, is up slightly from the previous estimate but down 2 percent from 2024. Producers expect to harvest 1.07 million acres, up less than 1 percent from the previous estimate but down 2 percent from last year. Production of sugarbeets is forecast at 35.3 million tons, up 1 percent from last month, and up slightly from last year. Yield is forecast at 33.0 tons per acre, up 0.1 ton from the previous estimate and up 0.5 ton from last year. Sugarcane: Production of sugarcane for sugar and seed is forecast at 34.4 million tons, up 1 percent from last month, but down slightly from 2024. Producers intend to harvest 937,000 acres for sugar and seed during the 2025 crop year, up 1 percent from the previous estimate and up 2 percent from 2024. Yields for sugar and seed are expected to average 36.7 tons per acre, up 0.2 ton per acre from the previous estimate but down 0.7 ton from 2024. Record high sugarcane for sugar and seed production is expected in Louisiana. Tobacco: Area harvested for tobacco is expected to total 170,600 acres for the Nation, up 1 percent from the previous forecast and up 2 percent from 2024. The 2025 United States all tobacco production is forecast at 377 million pounds, up 3 percent from the previous forecast and up 16 percent from 2024. Yield for the 2025 tobacco crop year is forecast at 2,209 pounds per acre, up 50 pounds from last month and 267 pounds above last year. Lentils: Acreage updates were made based on a thorough review of all available data. Planted area, at 1.07 million acres, is up 6 percent from the previous forecast and up 15 percent from last year. Harvested area, at 1.05 million acres, is up 9 percent from the previous forecast and up 16 percent from last year. Production of lentils in 2025 is forecast at 11.1 million cwt, up 23 percent from last year. The average yield is expected to be 1,055 pounds per acre, up 53 pounds per acre from last year. If realized the forecasted harvested area and production will be a record high for both the United States and Montana. Dry edible peas: Acreage updates were made based on a thorough review of all available data. Planted area, at 1.18 million acres, is up 10 percent from the previous forecast and up 21 percent from last year. Harvested area, at 1.13 million acres, is up 11 percent from the previous forecast and up 21 percent from last year. Dry edible pea production in 2025 is forecast at 20.6 million cwt, up 23 percent from last year. The average yield for dry edible peas for the 2025 season is forecast at 1,814 pounds per acre, up 39 pounds from 2024. Record high planted and harvested area are forecasted for Montana. If realized the forecasted yield will be a record high in Nebraska and North Dakota. Chickpeas: Acreage updates were made based on a thorough review of all available data. Area planted for all chickpeas for the 2025 crop year is estimated at 541,000 acres, up slightly from the previous forecast and up 8 percent from the previous year. Area harvested for all chickpeas is forecast at 524,000 acres, up slightly from the previous forecast and up 6 percent from 2024. Production of all chickpeas is forecast at 7.43 million cwt, up 32 percent from 2024. The average United States yield is expected to be 1,418 pounds per acre, up 274 pounds from 2024. Walnuts: The 2025 California walnut production is forecast at 710,000 tons, up 18 percent from last year's production of 603,000 tons. The forecast is based on the Walnut Objective Measurement survey. Survey data indicated an average nut set of 972 per tree, up 28 percent from the previous year's average of 761 nuts per tree. The percent of sound kernels in-shell was 99.2 percent Statewide. In-shell weight per nut averaged 21.3 grams. In-shell suture width measurement averaged 32.3 millimeters, while cross-width measurement averaged 33.5 millimeters, and in-shell length averaged 38.1 millimeters. The complete report is available at: https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/California/Publications/Special ty_and_Other_Releases/Walnut/Objective-Measurement/202509walom.pdf Statistical Methodology Survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between August 25 and September 9 to gather information on expected yield as of September 1. The objective yield surveys for corn and soybeans were conducted in the major producing States that usually account for 75 percent of the United States production. Farm operators selected for the objective yield survey were interviewed to update previously reported acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in selected fields for the objective yield survey (corn and soybeans). The counts made within each sample plot depend on the crop and the maturity of that crop. In all cases, the number of plants is recorded along with other measurements that provide information to forecast the number of ears or pods and their weight. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are visited starting in September and are revisited each month until crop maturity when the fruit is harvested and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting loss. The farm operator survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail, internet, and personal interviews. Approximately 7,600 producers were interviewed during the survey period and asked questions about probable yield. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide indications of average yields. Estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared with previous months and previous years. Each Regional Field Office submits their analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published September 1 forecasts. Revision policy: The September 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month throughout the growing season. End-of-season estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the marketing season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, imports, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. Estimates of acres for barley, corn, cotton, dry edible beans, oats, peanuts, rice, sorghum, soybeans, sugarbeets, and wheat are subject to revision in the August Crop Production report. Acres for chickpeas, corn, cotton, dry edible peas, lentils, peanuts, rice, sorghum, soybeans, and sugarbeets are subject to revision in the September Crop Production report each year. Barley, oats, rye, and wheat end-of-season estimates are published in the Small Grains Annual Summary report at the end of September. Canola, dry edible beans, and sunflower acres are subject to revision in the October Crop Production report. Potato acres are subject to revision in the November Crop Production report. End-of-season estimates for all other row crops are published in the Annual Crop Production Summary in January. Revisions to planted acres will only be made when either special survey data, administrative data, such as Farm Service Agency certified acreage data, or remote sensing data are available. Harvested acres may be revised any time a production forecast is made if there is sufficient data indicating that the intended harvested area has changed since the last forecast. Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the September 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the September 1 production forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years. For example, the "Root Mean Square Error" for the September 1 corn for grain production forecast is 2.8 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current production forecast will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 2.8 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 4.9 percent. Also, shown in the following table is a 20-year record for selected crops of the differences between the September 1 forecast and the final estimate. Using corn again as an example, changes between the September 1 forecast and the final estimate during the last 20 years have averaged 274 million bushels, ranging from 13 million bushels to 813 million bushels. The September 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 8 times and above 12 times. This does not imply that the September 1 corn forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. Reliability of September 1 Crop Production Forecasts [Based on data for the past twenty years] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : : Difference between forecast : : : and final estimate : : :---------------------------------------- : :90 percent : Production : Years Crop : Root mean :confidence :---------------------------------------- :square error: interval : : : : Below : Above : : :Average:Smallest:Largest: final : final ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---- percent --- ------ millions ----- number : Corn for grain ........bushels: 2.8 4.9 274 13 813 8 12 Peanuts ................pounds: 7.5 12.9 344 11 836 10 10 Rice ......................cwt: 2.5 4.3 4 1 13 11 9 Sorghum for grain .....bushels: 10.7 18.5 21 2 64 7 13 Soybeans for beans ....bushels: 4.5 7.8 116 8 408 12 8 Sugarbeets ...............tons: 5.4 9.4 1 (Z) 5 9 11 Sugarcane ................tons: 6.1 10.5 2 (Z) 4 11 9 Upland cotton 1/ ........bales: 7.3 12.6 973 2 2,444 7 13 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. 1/ Quantity is in thousands of units. USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Anthony Prillaman, Acting Chief, Crops Branch............................................................ (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section (202) 720-2127 Joshua Bates - Asparagus, Hemp, Maple Syrup, Soybeans (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings, Fats and Oils, Flour Milling Products, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Plums, Prunes (202) 690-1042 Noemi Guindin - Crop Progress and Condition, Kiwifruit (202) 720-2127 Michelle Harder - Hay, Kale, Peanuts, Raspberries................................................... (202) 690-8533 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Garlic, Onions Proso Millet, Rye, Tobacco..................................................................... (202) 720-4288 Bret Holliman - Apricots, Barley, Chickpeas, Nectarines, Peaches, Snap Beans, Tomatoes (202) 720-7235 James Johanson - Dry Edible Beans, Lettuce, Macadamias, Wheat (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Beets, Corn, Flaxseed, Pears, Rice, Sweet Corn (202) 720-9526 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Celery, Grapefruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios................................................... (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Squash, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes (202) 720-4285 Becky Sommer - Cabbage, Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum, Walnuts, Strawberries (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Blueberries, Canola, Mustard Seed, Rapeseed, Safflower, Spinach, Sunflower............................................................................. (202) 720-7369 Antonio Torres - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Oats, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Watermelons........................... (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Hops, Papayas, Pecans.......................................................................... (202) 720-4215 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. 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