Crop Production ISSN: 1936-3737 Released May 12, 2022, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Winter Wheat Production Down 8 Percent from 2021 Orange Production Up 2 Percent from April Forecast Winter wheat production is forecast at 1.17 billion bushels, down 8 percent from 2021. As of May 1, the United States yield is forecast at 47.9 bushels per acre, down 2.3 bushels from last year's average yield of 50.2 bushels per acre. Area expected to be harvested for grain or seed is forecast at 24.5 million acres, down 4 percent from last year. Hard Red Winter production, at 590 million bushels, is down 21 percent from a year ago. Soft Red Winter, at 354 million bushels, is down 2 percent from 2021. White Winter, at 230 million bushels, is up 38 percent from last year. Of the White Winter production, 15.7 million bushels are Hard White and 214 million bushels are Soft White. The United States all orange forecast for the 2021-2022 season is 3.88 million tons, up 2 percent from the previous forecast but down 12 percent from the 2020-2021 final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 40.2 million boxes (1.81 million tons), is up 5 percent from the previous forecast but down 24 percent from last season's final utilization. In Florida, early, midseason, and Navel varieties are forecast at 18.2 million boxes (819,000 tons), unchanged from the previous forecast but down 20 percent from last season's final utilization. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 22.0 million boxes (990,000 tons), is up 10 percent from the previous forecast but down 27 percent from last season's final utilization. California and Texas orange production forecasts were carried forward from the previous forecast. This report was approved on May 12, 2022. Secretary of Agriculture Designate Robert Bonnie Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Joseph L. Parsons Contents Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted May 1, 2022.............................................................................................. 5 Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted May 1, 2022.............................................................................................. 6 Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2021 and Forecasted May 1, 2022............................... 6 Hay Stocks on Farms - States and United States: December 1 and May 1, 2020-2022.......................... 7 Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2020-2021 and Forecasted May 1, 2022.............................................................................................. 8 Peach Production by Type - California: 2021 and Forecasted May 1, 2022................................... 9 Almonds Production - State and United States: 2021 and Forecasted May 1, 2022............................ 9 Cotton Area Planted, Harvested, and Yield by Type - States and United States: 2020 and 2021.............. 10 Cotton Production and Bales Ginned by Type - States and United States: 2020 and 2021..................... 11 Cottonseed Production and Farm Disposition - States and United States: 2020 and 2021..................... 12 Cotton Harvest Loss per Acre - Selected States: 2017-2021................................................ 12 Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts - Selected States: 2017-2021............................................... 13 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2021 and 2022.. 14 Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2021 and 2022.... 16 Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2021 and 2022.............................. 18 Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2021 and 2022................................ 19 Percent of Normal Precipitation Map...................................................................... 20 Departure from Normal Temperature Map.................................................................... 20 April Weather Summary.................................................................................... 21 April Agricultural Summary............................................................................... 21 Crop Comments............................................................................................ 23 Statistical Methodology.................................................................................. 25 Reliability of May 1 Crop Production Forecasts........................................................... 26 Information Contacts..................................................................................... 27 This page intentionally left blank. Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted May 1, 2022 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :------------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- 1,000 acres -- -- bushels -- --- 1,000 bushels -- : Arkansas ..........: 145 160 58.0 55.0 8,410 8,800 California ........: 80 80 82.0 59.0 6,560 4,720 Colorado ..........: 1,880 1,600 37.0 31.0 69,560 49,600 Idaho .............: 640 730 71.0 91.0 45,440 66,430 Illinois ..........: 610 660 79.0 75.0 48,190 49,500 Indiana ...........: 270 240 85.0 76.0 22,950 18,240 Kansas ............: 7,000 6,950 52.0 39.0 364,000 271,050 Kentucky ..........: 350 365 87.0 80.0 30,450 29,200 Maryland ..........: 160 140 79.0 75.0 12,640 10,500 Michigan ..........: 560 425 81.0 79.0 45,360 33,575 : Mississippi .......: 70 75 59.0 51.0 4,130 3,825 Missouri ..........: 490 620 65.0 67.0 31,850 41,540 Montana ...........: 1,730 1,900 31.0 39.0 53,630 74,100 Nebraska ..........: 840 900 49.0 41.0 41,160 36,900 North Carolina ....: 345 385 56.0 67.0 19,320 25,795 North Dakota ......: 60 90 33.0 47.0 1,980 4,230 Ohio ..............: 515 460 85.0 76.0 43,775 34,960 Oklahoma ..........: 2,950 2,400 39.0 25.0 115,050 60,000 Oregon ............: 705 720 45.0 61.0 31,725 43,920 South Dakota ......: 720 720 38.0 45.0 27,360 32,400 : Tennessee .........: 330 330 71.0 76.0 23,430 25,080 Texas .............: 2,000 1,300 37.0 32.0 74,000 41,600 Virginia ..........: 120 150 67.0 63.0 8,040 9,450 Washington ........: 1,690 1,800 42.0 67.0 70,980 120,600 Wisconsin .........: 245 220 75.0 70.0 18,375 15,400 : Other States 1/ ...: 959 1,079 61.5 57.6 59,000 62,132 : United States .....: 25,464 24,499 50.2 47.9 1,277,365 1,173,547 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States include Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Utah, and Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Small Grains 2022 Summary" report. Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2021 and Forecasted May 1, 2022 [Area harvested for the United States and remaining States will be published in the "Acreage" report released June 2022. Yield and production will be published in the "Crop Production" report released July 2022. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :------------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres --- bushels -- 1,000 bushels : Arizona ...........: 52 59 90.0 108.0 4,680 6,372 California ........: 20 24 110.0 112.0 2,200 2,688 Idaho .............: 7 77.0 539 Montana ...........: 635 16.0 10,160 North Dakota ......: 820 24.0 19,680 : United States .....: 1,534 24.3 37,259 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2021 and Forecasted May 1, 2022 [Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data. The previous end-of-year season class percentages are used throughout the forecast season for States that do not have survey or administrative data available. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop : 2021 : 2022 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 bushels : Winter : Hard red ..........: 749,489 590,037 Soft red ..........: 360,689 353,503 Hard white ........: 20,283 15,690 Soft white ........: 146,904 214,317 : Spring : Hard red ..........: 297,366 Hard white ........: 5,662 Soft white ........: 28,112 Durum .............: 37,259 : Total .......... : 1,645,764 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hay Stocks on Farms - States and United States: December 1 and May 1, 2020-2022 ------------------------------------------------------------- : December 1 : May 1 State :--------------------------------------------- : 2020 : 2021 : 2021 : 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : Alabama .......: 1,800 1,550 300 240 Arizona .......: 300 180 20 10 Arkansas ......: 1,800 1,700 240 260 California ....: 1,640 1,200 220 280 Colorado ......: 1,700 2,000 230 580 Connecticut ...: 30 38 6 5 Delaware ......: 10 10 2 2 Florida .......: 520 460 60 75 Georgia .......: 1,210 1,260 290 190 Idaho .........: 2,500 2,350 410 530 : Illinois ......: 1,000 950 270 260 Indiana .......: 800 900 150 240 Iowa ..........: 2,430 3,120 430 720 Kansas ........: 5,000 5,000 910 670 Kentucky ......: 3,825 3,750 950 980 Louisiana .....: 660 640 160 180 Maine .........: 150 105 21 30 Maryland ......: 290 275 57 66 Massachusetts .: 60 34 9 8 Michigan ......: 900 1,100 190 270 : Minnesota .....: 2,240 1,460 400 330 Mississippi ...: 1,050 1,000 170 180 Missouri ......: 6,000 5,700 1,000 1,100 Montana .......: 4,800 2,900 970 450 Nebraska ......: 4,200 4,650 1,000 1,250 Nevada ........: 400 490 90 52 New Hampshire .: 36 42 5 5 New Jersey ....: 90 85 10 14 New Mexico ....: 210 240 40 30 New York ......: 1,000 1,700 290 550 : North Carolina : 1,120 950 190 150 North Dakota ..: 3,700 2,100 950 520 Ohio ..........: 1,300 1,400 210 360 Oklahoma ......: 4,100 4,260 1,150 600 Oregon ........: 1,600 920 290 220 Pennsylvania ..: 1,410 1,440 275 340 Rhode Island ..: 4 5 1 1 South Carolina : 400 450 125 80 South Dakota ..: 5,800 3,300 2,200 1,090 Tennessee .....: 2,930 3,000 570 530 : Texas .........: 6,400 8,200 1,200 1,600 Utah ..........: 1,250 1,000 170 290 Vermont .......: 145 157 35 34 Virginia ......: 2,050 1,800 480 280 Washington ....: 1,100 1,100 220 180 West Virginia .: 770 790 145 105 Wisconsin .....: 1,790 2,105 570 630 Wyoming .......: 1,500 1,150 325 200 : United States .: 84,020 79,016 18,006 16,767 ------------------------------------------------------------- Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2020-2021 and Forecasted May 1, 2022 [The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized production boxes 1/ :Utilized production ton equivalent Crop and State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2020-2021 : 2021-2022 : 2020-2021 : 2021-2022 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 boxes ----- ------ 1,000 tons ----- Oranges : California, all 2/ .........: 49,000 51,300 1,960 2,052 Early, mid, and Navel 3/ ..: 41,300 43,000 1,652 1,720 Valencia ..................: 7,700 8,300 308 332 : Florida, all ...............: 52,950 40,200 2,383 1,809 Early, mid, and Navel 3/ ..: 22,700 18,200 1,022 819 Valencia ..................: 30,250 22,000 1,361 990 : Texas, all 2/ ..............: 1,050 350 45 15 Early, mid, and Navel 3/ ..: 1,000 250 43 11 Valencia ..................: 50 100 2 4 : United States, all .........: 103,000 91,850 4,388 3,876 Early, mid, and Navel 3/ ..: 65,000 61,450 2,717 2,550 Valencia ..................: 38,000 30,400 1,671 1,326 : Grapefruit : California 2/ ..............: 4,200 4,100 168 164 Florida, all ...............: 4,100 3,400 174 145 Texas 2/ ...................: 2,400 2,000 96 80 : United States ..............: 10,700 9,500 438 389 : Tangerines and mandarins 4/ : California 2/ ..............: 28,800 21,000 1,152 840 Florida ....................: 890 800 42 38 : United States ..............: 29,690 21,800 1,194 878 : Lemons 2/ : Arizona ....................: 750 1,500 30 60 California .................: 20,100 23,000 804 920 : United States ..............: 20,850 24,500 834 980 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Net pounds per box: oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; tangerines and mandarins in California-80, Florida-95; lemons-80. 2/ Estimates for current year carried forward from an earlier forecast. 3/ Navel and miscellaneous varieties in California. Early (including Navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. 4/ Includes tangelos and tangors. Peach Production by Type - California: 2021 and Forecasted May 1, 2022 -------------------------------------------------------- : Total production Type :----------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 -------------------------------------------------------- : tons : Freestone ..........: 279,000 250,000 : Clingstone .........: 226,000 190,000 : Total ..............: 505,000 440,000 -------------------------------------------------------- Almonds Production - State and United States: 2021 and Forecasted May 1, 2022 -------------------------------------------------------- : Total production (shelled basis) State :----------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 -------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds : California .........: 2,915,000 2,800,000 : United States ......: 2,915,000 2,800,000 -------------------------------------------------------- Cotton Area Planted, Harvested, and Yield by Type - States and United States: 2020 and 2021 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested : Yield per acre Type and State :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------------- 1,000 acres --------------- ---- pounds ---- : Upland : Alabama .........: 450.0 405.0 446.0 401.0 790 826 Arizona .........: 125.0 120.0 123.0 119.0 1,179 1,275 Arkansas ........: 525.0 480.0 520.0 475.0 1,179 1,248 California ......: 34.0 26.0 33.5 25.5 2,006 1,920 Florida .........: 98.0 92.0 93.0 90.0 532 640 Georgia .........: 1,190.0 1,170.0 1,180.0 1,160.0 887 914 Kansas ..........: 195.0 110.0 181.0 102.0 796 880 Louisiana .......: 170.0 110.0 165.0 104.0 986 1,011 Mississippi .....: 530.0 445.0 525.0 430.0 1,079 997 Missouri ........: 295.0 315.0 287.0 310.0 1,144 1,260 : New Mexico ......: 43.0 36.0 26.0 26.0 1,052 1,108 North Carolina ..: 360.0 375.0 330.0 365.0 759 1,017 Oklahoma ........: 525.0 495.0 430.0 440.0 710 756 South Carolina ..: 190.0 210.0 179.0 207.0 802 986 Tennessee .......: 280.0 275.0 275.0 270.0 1,066 1,036 Texas ...........: 6,800.0 6,350.0 3,150.0 5,550.0 696 666 Virginia ........: 80.0 75.0 79.0 74.0 772 1,109 : United States ...: 11,890.0 11,089.0 8,022.5 10,148.5 841 813 : American Pima : Arizona .........: 6.5 9.0 6.5 8.8 1,034 982 California ......: 147.0 88.0 146.0 87.0 1,562 1,501 New Mexico ......: 10.5 12.5 10.5 12.0 663 640 Texas ...........: 38.0 17.0 31.0 16.0 666 780 : United States ...: 202.0 126.5 194.0 123.8 1,352 1,287 : All : Alabama .........: 450.0 405.0 446.0 401.0 790 826 Arizona .........: 131.5 129.0 129.5 127.8 1,171 1,254 Arkansas ........: 525.0 480.0 520.0 475.0 1,179 1,248 California ......: 181.0 114.0 179.5 112.5 1,645 1,596 Florida .........: 98.0 92.0 93.0 90.0 532 640 Georgia .........: 1,190.0 1,170.0 1,180.0 1,160.0 887 914 Kansas ..........: 195.0 110.0 181.0 102.0 796 880 Louisiana .......: 170.0 110.0 165.0 104.0 986 1,011 Mississippi .....: 530.0 445.0 525.0 430.0 1,079 997 Missouri ........: 295.0 315.0 287.0 310.0 1,144 1,260 : New Mexico ......: 53.5 48.5 36.5 38.0 940 960 North Carolina ..: 360.0 375.0 330.0 365.0 759 1,017 Oklahoma ........: 525.0 495.0 430.0 440.0 710 756 South Carolina ..: 190.0 210.0 179.0 207.0 802 986 Tennessee .......: 280.0 275.0 275.0 270.0 1,066 1,036 Texas ...........: 6,838.0 6,367.0 3,181.0 5,566.0 696 666 Virginia ........: 80.0 75.0 79.0 74.0 772 1,109 : United States ...: 12,092.0 11,215.5 8,216.5 10,272.3 853 819 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cotton Production and Bales Ginned by Type - States and United States: 2020 and 2021 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production in : : Bales ginned in Type and State : 480-pound net weight : Lint seed : 480-pound net weight : bales 1/ : ratio : bales 2/ :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- 1,000 bales --- ------ ratio ----- -------- bales -------- : Upland : Alabama .........: 734.0 690.0 (NA) (NA) 715,850 662,750 Arizona .........: 302.0 316.0 (NA) (NA) 303,100 302,400 Arkansas ........: 1,277.0 1,235.0 (NA) (NA) 1,348,350 1,322,950 California ......: 140.0 102.0 (NA) (NA) 140,400 114,200 Florida .........: 103.0 120.0 (NA) (NA) 91,600 100,300 Georgia .........: 2,180.0 2,210.0 (NA) (NA) 2,207,950 2,244,100 Kansas ..........: 300.0 187.0 (NA) (NA) 204,650 130,800 Louisiana .......: 339.0 219.0 (NA) (NA) 352,400 219,450 Mississippi .....: 1,180.0 893.0 (NA) (NA) 1,147,100 876,300 Missouri ........: 684.0 814.0 (NA) (NA) 633,150 750,250 : New Mexico ......: 57.0 60.0 (NA) (NA) 26,700 19,300 North Carolina ..: 522.0 773.0 (NA) (NA) 559,450 819,000 Oklahoma ........: 636.0 693.0 (NA) (NA) 515,000 545,450 South Carolina ..: 299.0 425.0 (NA) (NA) 260,000 370,500 Tennessee .......: 611.0 583.0 (NA) (NA) 602,400 585,400 Texas ...........: 4,570.0 7,700.0 (NA) (NA) 4,798,550 7,925,250 Virginia ........: 127.0 171.0 (NA) (NA) 123,450 169,050 : United States ...: 14,061.0 17,191.0 (NA) (NA) 14,030,100 17,157,450 : American Pima : Arizona .........: 14.0 18.0 (NA) (NA) 13,100 17,850 California ......: 475.0 272.0 (NA) (NA) 474,250 271,400 New Mexico ......: 14.5 16.0 (NA) (NA) 17,150 15,700 Texas ...........: 43.0 26.0 (NA) (NA) 40,550 25,200 : United States ...: 546.5 332.0 (NA) (NA) 545,050 330,150 : All : Alabama .........: 734.0 690.0 (NA) (NA) 715,850 662,750 Arizona .........: 316.0 334.0 (NA) (NA) 316,200 320,250 Arkansas ........: 1,277.0 1,235.0 0.432 0.432 1,348,350 1,322,950 California ......: 615.0 374.0 (NA) (NA) 614,650 385,600 Florida .........: 103.0 120.0 (NA) (NA) 91,600 100,300 Georgia .........: 2,180.0 2,210.0 0.460 0.464 2,207,950 2,244,100 Kansas ..........: 300.0 187.0 (NA) (NA) 204,650 130,800 Louisiana .......: 339.0 219.0 (NA) (NA) 352,400 219,450 Mississippi .....: 1,180.0 893.0 0.431 0.437 1,147,100 876,300 Missouri ........: 684.0 814.0 (NA) (NA) 633,150 750,250 : New Mexico ......: 71.5 76.0 (NA) (NA) 43,850 35,000 North Carolina ..: 522.0 773.0 (NA) (NA) 559,450 819,000 Oklahoma ........: 636.0 693.0 (NA) (NA) 515,000 545,450 South Carolina ..: 299.0 425.0 (NA) (NA) 260,000 370,500 Tennessee .......: 611.0 583.0 (NA) (NA) 602,400 585,400 Texas ...........: 4,613.0 7,726.0 0.433 0.435 4,839,100 7,950,450 Virginia ........: 127.0 171.0 (NA) (NA) 123,450 169,050 : United States ...: 14,607.5 17,523.0 (NA) (NA) 14,575,150 17,487,600 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Production ginned and to be ginned. 2/ Equivalent 480-pound net weight bales ginned, not adjusted for cross-state movement. Cottonseed Production and Farm Disposition - States and United States: 2020 and 2021 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Farm disposition : : : :-----------------------------------: Seed for : Production : Sales to : : planting 2/ State : : oil mills : Other 1/ : : :------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : Alabama .......: 205.0 200.0 20.0 23.0 185.0 177.0 2.6 2.5 Arizona .......: 107.0 113.0 - - 107.0 113.0 0.8 0.8 Arkansas ......: 402.0 390.0 292.0 291.0 110.0 99.0 3.0 3.3 California ....: 214.0 128.0 77.0 31.0 137.0 97.0 1.0 1.1 Florida .......: 28.0 34.0 20.0 25.0 8.0 9.0 0.6 0.6 Georgia .......: 613.0 612.0 253.0 238.0 360.0 374.0 5.7 5.7 Kansas ........: 99.0 57.0 - - 99.0 57.0 1.0 0.6 Louisiana .....: 109.0 68.0 63.0 41.0 46.0 27.0 0.7 1.2 Mississippi ...: 373.0 276.0 195.0 189.0 178.0 87.0 3.1 3.4 Missouri ......: 210.0 245.0 52.0 133.0 158.0 112.0 2.1 2.1 : New Mexico ....: 22.0 24.0 - 1.0 22.0 23.0 0.3 0.4 North Carolina : 146.0 218.0 - 12.0 146.0 206.0 2.6 2.8 Oklahoma ......: 189.0 205.0 123.0 118.0 66.0 87.0 2.8 2.9 South Carolina : 84.0 119.0 - - 84.0 119.0 1.0 1.4 Tennessee .....: 186.0 183.0 108.0 156.0 78.0 27.0 1.9 2.1 Texas .........: 1,448.0 2,403.0 590.0 1,263.0 858.0 1,140.0 40.8 37.9 Virginia ......: 33.0 48.0 - - 33.0 48.0 0.5 0.6 : United States .: 4,468.0 5,323.0 1,793.0 2,521.0 2,675.0 2,802.0 70.5 69.4 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Includes planting seed, feed, exports, inter-farm sales, shrinkage, losses, and other uses. 2/ Included in "other" farm disposition. Seed for planting is produced in crop year shown, but used in the following year. Cotton Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in four cotton-producing States during 2021. Randomly selected plots in cotton fields are visited monthly from September through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in these tables are actual field counts from this survey. Cotton Harvest Loss per Acre - Selected States: 2017-2021 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : State : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : pounds : Arkansas ..........: 80 100 73 53 43 Georgia ...........: 127 342 269 236 158 Louisiana 1/ ......: 79 165 (NA) (NA) (NA) Mississippi .......: 59 87 104 97 85 North Carolina 1/ .: 65 174 (NA) (NA) (NA) Texas .............: 60 59 43 58 61 : 4-State 2/ ........: 72 123 90 100 76 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Objective yield survey discontinued in 2019. 2/ 6-State total prior to 2019. Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts - Selected States: 2017-2021 [Includes small bolls (less than one inch in diameter), large unopened bolls (at least one inch in diameter), open bolls, partially opened bolls, and burrs per 40 feet of row. November, December, and Final exclude small bolls] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : State and month : 2017 : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Arkansas : September ..........: 911 891 900 994 990 October ............: 839 910 896 849 838 November ...........: 825 892 925 820 809 December ...........: 825 892 900 820 807 Final ..............: 825 892 900 820 807 : Georgia : September ..........: 593 605 598 606 597 October ............: 608 737 783 747 658 November ...........: 680 712 790 761 669 December ...........: 684 719 799 784 694 Final ..............: 684 713 803 785 694 : Louisiana 1/ : September ..........: 648 759 (NA) (NA) (NA) October ............: 667 734 (NA) (NA) (NA) November ...........: 665 739 (NA) (NA) (NA) December ...........: 665 739 (NA) (NA) (NA) Final ..............: 665 739 (NA) (NA) (NA) : Mississippi : September ..........: 904 871 944 900 957 October ............: 810 895 895 867 807 November ...........: 804 846 904 877 848 December ...........: 797 846 901 875 849 Final ..............: 797 846 901 875 851 : North Carolina 1/ : September ..........: 637 601 (NA) (NA) (NA) October ............: 705 641 (NA) (NA) (NA) November ...........: 769 714 (NA) (NA) (NA) December ...........: 769 719 (NA) (NA) (NA) Final ..............: 769 719 (NA) (NA) (NA) : Texas : September ..........: 592 570 458 576 491 October ............: 602 576 438 581 512 November ...........: 603 553 456 595 538 December ...........: 615 583 459 608 539 Final ..............: 614 582 461 608 539 : 4-State 2/ : September ..........: 633 627 551 645 567 October ............: 635 661 562 661 573 November ...........: 649 640 579 671 595 December ...........: 656 659 580 683 599 Final ..............: 656 657 593 693 597 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Objective yield survey discontinued in 2019. 2/ 6-State total prior to 2019. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2021 and 2022 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2022 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 2,660 2,941 1,948 Corn for grain 1/ ......................: 93,357 89,490 85,388 Corn for silage ........................: (NA) 6,481 Hay, all ...............................: (NA) (NA) 50,736 50,332 Alfalfa ..............................: (NA) 15,246 All other ............................: (NA) 35,490 Oats ...................................: 2,550 2,547 650 Proso millet ...........................: 725 662 Rice ...................................: 2,532 2,452 2,488 Rye ....................................: 2,133 294 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...................: 7,305 6,205 6,490 Sorghum for silage .....................: (NA) 331 Wheat, all .............................: 46,703 47,351 37,163 Winter ...............................: 33,648 34,236 25,464 24,499 Durum ................................: 1,635 1,915 1,534 Other spring .........................: 11,420 11,200 10,165 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2,152.0 2,158.0 2,089.0 Cottonseed .............................: (X) (X) Flaxseed ...............................: 325 360 268 Mustard seed ...........................: 103.0 89.3 Peanuts ................................: 1,585.2 1,571.0 1,545.0 Rapeseed ...............................: 14.3 12.5 Safflower ..............................: 152.0 135.0 Soybeans for beans .....................: 87,195 90,955 86,332 Sunflower ..............................: 1,288.5 1,416.0 1,243.8 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all ............................: 11,215.5 12,234.0 10,272.3 Upland ...............................: 11,089.0 12,058.0 10,148.5 American Pima ........................: 126.5 176.0 123.8 Sugarbeets .............................: 1,160.0 1,143.4 1,107.6 Sugarcane ..............................: (NA) 935.2 Tobacco ................................: (NA) (NA) 218.9 226.3 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 368.5 303.6 351.0 Dry edible beans .......................: 1,394.0 1,313.0 1,335.6 Dry edible peas ........................: 977.0 1,088.0 834.0 Lentils ................................: 708.0 788.0 549.0 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: (NA) 60.9 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .........................: (NA) 44.0 Potatoes ...............................: 943.0 935.7 Spearmint oil ..........................: (NA) 14.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2021 and 2022 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2022 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per acre : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : --------- 1,000 -------- : Grains and hay : Barley ..........................bushels: 60.4 117,673 Corn for grain ..................bushels: 177.0 15,115,170 Corn for silage ....................tons: 20.1 130,317 Hay, all ...........................tons: 2.37 120,196 Alfalfa ..........................tons: 3.23 49,245 All other ........................tons: 2.00 70,951 Oats ............................bushels: 61.3 39,836 Proso millet ....................bushels: 23.2 15,376 Rice 2/ .............................cwt: 7,709 191,796 Rye .............................bushels: 33.4 9,808 Sorghum for grain ...............bushels: 69.0 447,810 Sorghum for silage .................tons: 15.4 5,083 Wheat, all ......................bushels: 44.3 1,645,764 Winter ........................bushels: 50.2 47.9 1,277,365 1,173,547 Durum .........................bushels: 24.3 37,259 Other spring ..................bushels: 32.6 331,140 : Oilseeds : Canola ...........................pounds: 1,302 2,720,550 Cottonseed .........................tons: (X) 5,323.0 Flaxseed ........................bushels: 10.1 2,708 Mustard seed .....................pounds: 491 43,834 Peanuts ..........................pounds: 4,135 6,389,300 Rapeseed .........................pounds: 1,809 22,616 Safflower ........................pounds: 1,001 135,175 Soybeans for beans ..............bushels: 51.4 4,435,232 Sunflower ........................pounds: 1,530 1,902,985 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ ....................bales: 819 17,523.0 Upland 2/ .......................bales: 813 17,191.0 American Pima 2/ ................bales: 1,287 332.0 Sugarbeets .........................tons: 33.2 36,751 Sugarcane ..........................tons: 35.1 32,838 Tobacco ..........................pounds: 2,183 477,973 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas 2/ ........................cwt: 815 2,861 Dry edible beans 2/ .................cwt: 1,701 22,721 Dry edible peas 2/ ..................cwt: 1,025 8,549 Lentils 2/ ..........................cwt: 606 3,327 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops .............................pounds: 1,900 115,630.9 Maple syrup .....................gallons: (NA) 3,424 Mushrooms ........................pounds: (NA) 757,987 Peppermint oil ...................pounds: 104 4,566 Potatoes ............................cwt: 438 409,671 Spearmint oil ....................pounds: 119 1,775 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Yield in pounds. Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2021 and 2022 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2022 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 1,076,480 1,190,190 788,340 Corn for grain 1/ ..............: 37,780,640 36,215,710 34,555,670 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 2,622,800 Hay, all 2/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 20,532,350 20,368,860 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) 6,169,900 All other ....................: (NA) 14,362,450 Oats ...........................: 1,031,960 1,030,750 263,050 Proso millet ...................: 293,400 267,900 Rice ...........................: 1,024,680 992,300 1,006,870 Rye ............................: 863,200 118,980 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 2,956,260 2,511,100 2,626,440 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 133,950 Wheat, all 2/ ..................: 18,900,240 19,162,480 15,039,490 Winter .......................: 13,617,010 13,854,970 10,305,030 9,914,500 Durum ........................: 661,670 774,980 620,790 Other spring .................: 4,621,560 4,532,530 4,113,670 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 870,890 873,320 845,400 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 131,520 145,690 108,460 Mustard seed ...................: 41,680 36,140 Peanuts ........................: 641,510 635,770 625,250 Rapeseed .......................: 5,790 5,060 Safflower ......................: 61,510 54,630 Soybeans for beans .............: 35,286,940 36,808,580 34,937,700 Sunflower ......................: 521,440 573,040 503,350 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 2/ .................: 4,538,800 4,950,980 4,157,100 Upland .......................: 4,487,610 4,879,750 4,107,000 American Pima ................: 51,190 71,230 50,100 Sugarbeets .....................: 469,440 462,720 448,230 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) 378,470 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) 88,600 91,580 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ......................: 149,130 122,860 142,050 Dry edible beans ...............: 564,140 531,360 540,500 Dry edible peas ................: 395,380 440,300 337,510 Lentils ........................: 286,520 318,900 222,170 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...........................: (NA) 24,630 Maple syrup ....................: (NA) (NA) Mushrooms ......................: (NA) (NA) Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 17,810 Potatoes .......................: 381,620 378,670 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 6,030 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units - United States: 2021 and 2022 (continued) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2022 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2021 : 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : metric tons : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 3.25 2,562,030 Corn for grain .........................: 11.11 383,943,000 Corn for silage ........................: 45.07 118,221,590 Hay, all 2/ ............................: 5.31 109,039,980 Alfalfa ..............................: 7.24 44,674,310 All other ............................: 4.48 64,365,660 Oats ...................................: 2.20 578,220 Proso millet ...........................: 1.30 348,720 Rice ...................................: 8.64 8,699,720 Rye ....................................: 2.09 249,130 Sorghum for grain ......................: 4.33 11,374,900 Sorghum for silage .....................: 34.42 4,611,220 Wheat, all 2/ ..........................: 2.98 44,790,360 Winter ...............................: 3.37 3.22 34,764,180 31,938,720 Durum ................................: 1.63 1,014,020 Other spring .........................: 2.19 9,012,150 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 1.46 1,234,020 Cottonseed .............................: (X) 4,828,940 Flaxseed ...............................: 0.63 68,790 Mustard seed ...........................: 0.55 19,880 Peanuts ................................: 4.64 2,898,140 Rapeseed ...............................: 2.03 10,260 Safflower ..............................: 1.12 61,310 Soybeans for beans .....................: 3.45 120,707,230 Sunflower ..............................: 1.71 863,180 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 2/ .........................: 0.92 3,815,180 Upland ...............................: 0.91 3,742,900 American Pima ........................: 1.44 72,280 Sugarbeets .............................: 74.38 33,339,950 Sugarcane ..............................: 78.71 29,790,130 Tobacco ................................: 2.45 216,800 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Chickpeas ..............................: 0.91 129,770 Dry edible beans .......................: 1.91 1,030,610 Dry edible peas ........................: 1.15 387,780 Lentils ................................: 0.68 150,910 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Hops ...................................: 2.13 52,450 Maple syrup ............................: (NA) 17,120 Mushrooms ..............................: (NA) 343,820 Peppermint oil .........................: 0.12 2,070 Potatoes ...............................: 49.07 18,582,370 Spearmint oil ..........................: 0.13 810 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units - United States: 2021 and 2022 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2022 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2021-2022 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ......................1,000 tons: 438 389 Lemons ..........................1,000 tons: 834 980 Oranges .........................1,000 tons: 4,388 3,876 Tangerines and mandarins ........1,000 tons: 1,194 878 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ..........million pounds: 9,848.5 Apricots ..............................tons: 41,740 Avocados ..............................tons: 150,740 Blueberries, Cultivated .......1,000 pounds: 669,100 Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .....1,000 pounds: 105,000 Cherries, Sweet .......................tons: 378,300 Cherries, Tart ..............million pounds: 172.1 Coffee (Hawaii) ...............1,000 pounds: 28,440 Cranberries .........................barrel: 7,074,000 : Dates .................................tons: 59,450 Grapes ................................tons: 6,050,000 Kiwifruit (California) ................tons: 40,100 Nectarines (California) ...............tons: 116,500 Olives (California) ...................tons: 101,000 Papayas (Hawaii) ..............1,000 pounds: 13,400 Peaches ...............................tons: 688,770 Pears .................................tons: 701,500 Plums (California) ....................tons: 83,500 Prunes (California) ...................tons: 222,000 Raspberries ...................1,000 pounds: 178,900 Strawberries .....................1,000 cwt: 26,700.0 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .1,000 pounds: 2,915,000 2,800,000 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..........tons: 77,500 Macadamias (Hawaii) ...........1,000 pounds: 51,000 Pecans, in-shell ..............1,000 pounds: 255,300 Pistachios (California) .......1,000 pounds: 1,155,000 Walnuts, in-shell (California) ........tons: 725,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2020-2021 and 2021-2022. Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units - United States: 2021 and 2022 [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2022 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2021-2022 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :----------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ................................: 397,350 352,890 Lemons ....................................: 756,590 889,040 Oranges ...................................: 3,980,730 3,516,250 Tangerines and mandarins ..................: 1,083,180 796,510 : Noncitrus : Apples, commercial ........................: 4,467,200 Apricots ..................................: 37,870 Avocados ..................................: 136,750 Blueberries, Cultivated ...................: 303,500 Blueberries, Wild (Maine) .................: 47,630 Cherries, Sweet ...........................: 343,190 Cherries, Tart ............................: 78,060 Coffee (Hawaii) ...........................: 12,900 Cranberries ...............................: 320,870 : Dates .....................................: 53,930 Grapes ....................................: 5,488,470 Kiwifruit (California) ....................: 36,380 Nectarines (California) ...................: 105,690 Olives (California) .......................: 91,630 Papayas (Hawaii) ..........................: 6,080 Peaches ...................................: 624,840 Pears .....................................: 636,390 Plums (California) ........................: 75,750 Prunes (California) .......................: 201,400 Raspberries ...............................: 81,150 Strawberries ..............................: 1,211,090 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .............: 1,322,220 1,270,060 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..............: 70,310 Macadamias (Hawaii) .......................: 23,130 Pecans, in-shell ..........................: 115,800 Pistachios (California) ...................: 523,900 Walnuts, in-shell (California) ............: 657,710 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2020-2021 and 2021-2022. April Weather Summary A resurgent La Niña helped to fuel an active storm track, resulting in cool, wet conditions across much of the Nation's northern tier. April temperatures generally averaged at least 4°F below normal from eastern Washington into the upper Great Lakes region and were more than 8°F below normal in parts of North Dakota. The heaviest precipitation, relative to normal, fell across the northern Plains, where multiple rounds of heavy rain and wind-driven snow eased or eradicated drought. In fact, moderate to major flooding developed late in the month in the Red River Valley, north of Fargo, North Dakota. Meanwhile, severe thunderstorms frequently accompanied several strong cold fronts crossing the Plains, Midwest, and South, with most of the month's more than 200 tornadoes-based on preliminary reports-occurring on April 4-6, 11-13, 22-23, and 29-30. Dozens of tornadoes were spotted on April 5 from Mississippi to South Carolina, followed by an impressive, early-season Midwestern tornado outbreak on April 12 from eastern Nebraska to southeastern Minnesota. The South endured another significant tornado outbreak on April 12-13, while severe weather across the Plains peaked on April 22 and 29. Despite late-month thunderstorms across the Nation's mid-section, drought continued to intensity across the southern half of the High Plains, amid sharp temperature fluctuations, periodic high winds, and occasional blowing dust. Nearly half (43 percent of the Nation's winter wheat was rated in very poor to poor condition on May 1, the greatest amount in those two categories at this time of year since April-May 1996. In addition, more than half (56 percent) of the U.S. rangeland and pastures were rated in very poor to poor condition on May 1, very close to the record-high value of the last quarter-century-59 percent very poor to poor for several weeks in late-summer 2012. In fact, much of the Nation's southwestern quadrant, stretching from California to the High Plains, remained mired in significant drought, with potentially serious implications for water supplies, rangeland and pastures, and rain-fed crops. By May 3, more than half of the Lower 48 States had been in drought since late-November 2021, a span of 24 weeks. Additionally, more than 40 percent of the country experienced drought each week from September 29, 2020, to May 3, 2022, an 84-week streak that has broken the United States Drought Monitor-era record (previously, 68 weeks from June 19, 2012 - October 1, 2013). Despite the worsening Southwestern situation, which included several large, destructive, wildfires, national drought coverage decreased 4 percentage points, from 58 to 54 percent, during the 5-week period ending May 3. Most of the reduction in drought coverage occurred in the North and parts of the South, including the southeastern Plains and the Mississippi Delta. Farther west, early-season wildfires in Arizona and New Mexico burned hundreds of thousands of acres of vegetation and destroyed hundreds of homes. In northeastern New Mexico, near Las Vegas, the Calf Canyon Fire-sparked on April 19-joined with an escaped prescribed burn (the Hermits Peak Fire)-to scorch more than 165,000 acres and destroy more than 250 structures. Elsewhere, cool, damp Midwestern conditions limited April fieldwork, leading to a sluggish planting pace for corn and soybeans. By May 1, topsoil moisture ranged from 24 to 40 percent surplus in all Midwestern States except Iowa, Nebraska, and South Dakota. On the same date, only 14 percent of the Nation's intended corn acreage had been planted, well behind the 5-year average pace of 33 percent. This represented the slowest planting pace since 2013, when only 8 percent of the corn had been planted by May 1. April Agricultural Summary April was cooler than normal for most of the northern half of the Nation. Much of the Pacific Northwest, Northern Plains, and Northern Rockies recorded temperatures 4°F or more below normal. In contrast, temperatures were warmer than normal for much of the southern half of the Nation. Parts of the Gulf Coast and much of the Southern Plains and Southwest recorded temperatures 2°F or more above normal for the month. While much of the West remained dry, at least twice the normal amount of precipitation was recorded in large parts of the Northern Plains, as well as locations in the Pacific Northwest, Rockies, and South Texas. In the East, locations in Florida, Georgia, New York, and South Carolina recorded at least twice the normal amount of precipitation. By April 3, producers had planted 2 percent of the Nation's corn crop, equal to both last year and the 5-year average. By April 17, producers had planted 4 percent of the Nation's corn crop, 3 percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By May 1, producers had planted 14 percent of the Nation's corn crop, 28 percentage points behind last year and 19 percentage points behind the 5-year average. At that time, planting progress was furthest advanced in North Carolina and Texas with 80 percent and 74 percent planted, respectively. Three percent of the Nation's corn acreage had emerged by May 1, four percentage points behind the previous year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. One percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was planted by April 17, two percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Eight percent of the Nation's soybean acreage was planted by May 1, fourteen percentage points behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By May 1, planting progress was furthest advanced in Louisiana and Mississippi with 59 percent and 48 percent planted, respectively. By April 3, four percent of the Nation's winter wheat crop was headed, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By April 17, seven percent of the Nation's winter wheat crop was headed, two percentage points behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By May 1, twenty-three percent of the Nation's winter wheat crop was headed, 3 percentage points behind last year and 6 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On May 1, twenty-seven percent of the 2022 winter wheat crop was reported in good to excellent condition, 21 percentage points below the same time last year. In Kansas, the largest winter wheat-producing State, 25 percent of the winter wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition. Nationwide, 4 percent of the cotton crop was planted by April 3, two percentage points behind both the previous year and the 5-year average. By April 17, ten percent of the cotton crop was planted, 1 percentage point behind the previous year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By May 1, sixteen percent of the cotton crop was planted, 1 percentage point ahead of both the previous year and the 5-year average. At that time, planting progress was furthest advanced in California and Arizona with 95 percent and 71 percent planted, respectively. Thirteen percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was planted by April 3, one percentage point behind both the previous year and the 5-year average. Seventeen percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was planted by April 17, two percentage points ahead of the previous year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Twenty percent of the Nation's sorghum acreage was planted by May 1, equal to the previous year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Texas had planted 66 percent of its sorghum acreage by May 1, equal to the previous year but 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By April 3, producers had seeded 12 percent of the 2022 rice acreage, 1 percentage point behind the previous year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By April 3, six percent of the Nation's rice acreage had emerged, 1 percentage point behind both last year and the 5-year average. By April 17, producers had seeded 22 percent of the 2022 rice acreage, 10 percentage points behind the previous year and 14 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By April 17, thirteen percent of the Nation's rice acreage had emerged, 3 percentage points behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By May 1, producers had seeded 45 percent of the 2022 rice acreage, 17 percentage points behind the previous year and 11 percentage points behind the 5-year average. At that time, planting progress was furthest advanced in Louisiana and Texas with 87 percent and 82 percent planted, respectively. By May 1, twenty-four percent of the Nation's rice acreage had emerged, 12 percentage points behind last year and 14 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationally, oat producers had seeded 25 percent of this year's acreage by April 3, two percentage points ahead of the previous year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Twenty-three percent of the Nation's oat acreage was emerged by April 3, five percentage points ahead of the previous year but equal to the 5-year average. Nationally, oat producers had seeded 34 percent of this year's acreage by April 17, fourteen percentage points behind the previous year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Twenty-four percent of the Nation's oat acreage was emerged by April 17, six percentage points behind the previous year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationally, oat producers had seeded 45 percent of this year's acreage by May 1, twenty-five percentage points behind the previous year and 13 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Thirty-one percent of the Nation's oat acreage was emerged by May 1, fifteen percentage points behind the previous year and 9 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Five percent of the Nation's barley crop was planted by April 3, equal to last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Seventeen percent of the Nation's barley crop was planted by April 17, seven percentage points behind last year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year Thirty-six percent of the Nation's barley crop was planted by May 1, fourteen percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. At that time, planting progress was furthest advanced in Washington and Idaho with 65 percent and 57 percent planted, respectively. Ten percent of the Nation's barley crop had emerged by May 1, six percentage points behind the previous year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By April 3, three percent of the spring wheat crop was seeded, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average By April 17, eight percent of the spring wheat crop was seeded, 10 percentage points behind last year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By May 1, nineteen percent of the spring wheat crop was seeded, 27 percentage points behind last year and 9 percentage points behind the 5-year average. At that time, planting progress was furthest advanced in Washington with 75 percent planted, 10 percentage points behind last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By May 1, five percent of the Nation's spring wheat crop had emerged, 8 percentage points behind the previous year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationally, peanut producers had planted 2 percent of the 2022 peanut acreage by April 17, equal to both the previous year and the 5-year average. Nationally, peanut producers had planted 10 percent of the 2022 peanut acreage by May 1, equal to the previous year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Producers in Florida had planted 27 percent of the 2022 intended acreage by May 1, equal to the previous year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By April 3, two percent of the sugarbeet crop was planted, 2 percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. By April 17, seven percent of the sugarbeet crop was planted, 17 percentage points behind last year and 9 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By May 1, eighteen percent of the sugarbeet crop was planted, 58 percentage points behind last year and 29 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Idaho had planted 88 percent of its sugarbeet acreage by May 1, four percentage points behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Crop Comments Winter wheat: Production is forecast at 1.17 billion bushels, down 8 percent from 2021. As of May 1, the United States yield is forecast at 47.9 bushels per acre, down 2.3 bushels from last year's average yield of 50.2 bushels per acre. Area expected to be harvested for grain is forecast at 24.5 million acres, down 4 percent from last year. If realized, the 2022 United States winter wheat abandonment of 28.4 percent will be the highest since 2002. Dry conditions in Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas are factoring into the increased abandonment. As of May 1, twenty-seven percent of the winter wheat acreage in the 18 major producing States was rated in good to excellent condition, 21 percentage points lower than at the same time last year. Nationally, 23 percent of the winter wheat crop was headed by May 1, six percentage points behind the 5- year average pace. As of May 1, the winter wheat crop in Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas was rated in good to excellent condition at 25 percent, 17 percent, and 8 percent, respectively. Early spring drought conditions have caused condition ratings to decline compared with last year in these States. As of May 1, the winter wheat crop in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington was rated in good to excellent condition at 52 percent, 57 percent, and 54 percent, respectively. In contrast to the Southern Plains States, the Pacific Northwest States are expecting improved yields over last year. Durum wheat: Production of Durum wheat in Arizona and California is forecast at a collective 9.06 million bushels, up 32 percent from last year. Hay stocks on farms: All hay stored on United States farms as of May 1, 2022, totaled 16.8 million tons, down 7 percent from May 1, 2021. Disappearance from December 1, 2021 - May 1, 2022, totaled 62.2 million tons, down 6 percent from the same period a year earlier. Record low May 1 hay stock levels were estimated in Arizona, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island. Grapefruit: The United States 2021-2022 grapefruit crop is forecast at 389,000 tons, down 2 percent from the previous forecast and down 11 percent from last season's final utilization. The Florida forecast, at 3.40 million boxes (145,000 tons), is down 6 percent from previous forecast and down 17 percent from the last season. California and Texas grapefruit production forecasts were carried forward from the previous forecast. Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 878,000 tons, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 26 percent from the last season's final utilization. The Florida tangerine and mandarin forecast, at 800,000 boxes (38,000 tons) is unchanged from the previous forecast but down 10 percent from last season. The California tangerine and mandarin forecast was carried forward from the previous forecast. Peaches: The California 2022 peach crop production is forecast at 440,000 tons, down 13 percent from 2021. The California Freestone crop is forecasted at 250,000 tons, down 10 percent from last season. The California Freestone crop experienced a freeze in February. Harvest of early variety peaches has begun. The California Clingstone crop is forecast at 190,000 tons, down 16 percent from the previous season. Full bloom occurred on March 6, approximately the same time as last year. In April, frost damage was reported. Across growing regions, chilling hours remained the same or increased from the previous year. Almonds: The 2022 California almond production (shelled basis) is forecast at 2.80 billion pounds, down 4 percent from the previous year. Similar to last year's weather pattern, the 2022 almond crop experienced a mostly dry winter throughout the State, with snowpack and water levels well below normal. The almond flowers began blooming during the warm weather in early February, and was favorable for pollination, with warmer temperatures bringing on a shorter bloom period. A freeze in late February in the Northern part of the State, impacted the early crop and left acres unharvested, without an adequate nut set. Yields varied across regions, due to the many different varieties. Excellent weather in April helped crop development, and some rain provided a short relief to areas battling drought conditions. 2021 Cotton Final: All cotton production is estimated at 17.5 million 480- pound bales, 20 percent higher than the 2020 crop. The United States yield for all cotton is estimated at 819 pounds per acre, down 34 pounds from the previous year. Upland cotton production is estimated at 17.2 million 480-pound bales, up 22 percent from the 2020 crop. The United States yield for upland cotton is estimated at 813 pounds per acre, down 28 pounds from 2020. American Pima production is estimated at 332,000 bales (480-pounds), down 39 percent from 2020. The United States yield is estimated at 1,287 pounds per acre, down 65 pounds from the previous season. Cottonseed: Cottonseed production in 2021 totaled 5.32 million tons, up 19 percent from the previous year. Sales to oil mills accounted for 47 percent of the disposition. The remaining 53 percent will be used for seed, feed, exports, and various other uses. Statistical Methodology Wheat survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between April 29 and May 9 to gather information on expected yield as of May 1. The objective yield survey was conducted in three States (Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas) where wheat is normally mature enough to make meaningful counts. Farm operators were interviewed to update previously reported acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. The counts made within each sample plot depended upon the crop's maturity. Counts such as number of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were made to predict the number of heads that would be harvested. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited each month until crop maturity when the heads are clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting loss. The farm operator survey included a sample of approximately 9,300 producers representing all major production areas. The survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail, and internet. These producers were selected from an earlier acreage survey and were asked about the probable winter wheat acres for harvest and yield on their operation. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide indications of average yields. Orange survey procedures: The orange objective yield survey for the May 1 forecast was conducted in Florida. In August and September of last year, the number of bearing trees and the number of fruit per tree was determined. In August and subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which are combined with the previous components to develop the current forecast of production. California and Texas conduct grower surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California also conducts objective measurement surveys in September for Navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges. Wheat estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each Regional Field Office submits their analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published May 1 forecasts. Orange estimating procedures: State level objective yield indications for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. The Florida Field Office submits its analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the Florida survey data and their analysis to prepare the published May 1 forecast. The May 1 orange production forecasts for California and Texas are carried forward from April. Revision Policy: The May 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month throughout the growing season. End-of-season wheat estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the wheat marketing season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. End-of-season orange estimates will be published in the Citrus Fruits Summary released in September. The orange production estimates are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use. Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the May 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the May 1 production forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years. For example, the "Root Mean Square Error" for the May 1 winter wheat production forecast is 6.4 percent. This means that chances are two out of three that the current production forecast will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 6.4 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 11.1 percent. Also, shown in the following table is a 20-year record for selected crops of the differences between the May 1 forecast and the final estimate. Using winter wheat again as an example, changes between the May 1 forecast and final estimate during the last 20 years have averaged 73 million bushels, ranging from 6 million to 245 million bushels. The May 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 8 times and above 12 times. This does not imply that the May 1 winter wheat forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. Reliability of May 1 Crop Production Forecasts [Based on data for the past twenty years] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : : Difference between forecast : : : and final estimate : : :---------------------------------------- : :90 percent : Production : Years Crop : Root mean :confidence :---------------------------------------- :square error: interval : : : : Below : Above : : :Average:Smallest:Largest: final : final ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---- percent --- ----- millions ----- number : Oranges 1/ ...............tons: 2.4 4.1 131 18 441 11 9 Wheat : Winter wheat ........bushels: 6.4 11.1 73 6 245 8 12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Quantity is in thousands of units. USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch.................................................. (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section (202) 720-2127 Irwin Anolik - Crop Weather (202) 720-7621 Joshua Bates - Hemp, Oats, Soybeans (202) 690-3234 David Colwell - Current Agricultural Industrial Reports (202) 720-8800 Michelle Harder - Barley, County Estimates, Hay (202) 690-8533 James Johanson - Rye, Wheat (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet (202) 720-9526 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Sunflower, Other Oilseeds................................... (202) 720-7369 Lihan Wei - Peanuts, Rice.................................................... (202) 720-7688 Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section................ (202) 720-2127 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Asparagus, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Onions, Plums, Prunes, Sweet Corn, Tobacco................................................ (202) 720-4288 Robert Little - Apricots, Dry Beans, Lettuce, Macadamia, Maple Syrup, Nectarines, Pears, Snap Beans, Spinach, Tomatoes.................................. (202) 720-3250 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Cauliflower, Celery, Garlic, Grapefruit, Kiwifruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios............................................................... (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Blueberries, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Raspberries, Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes.......... (202) 720-4285 Antonio Torres - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Papayas, Peaches, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Walnuts, Watermelons............. (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cabbage, Chickpeas, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Grapes, Hops, Pecans.......................... (202) 720-4215 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" or "State" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Cornell's Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS's and other agency's archived reports. The new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from the new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via e-mail, you will have to go to the new website, create a new account and re-subscribe to the reports. If you need instructions to set up an account or subscribe, they are located at: https://usda.library.cornell.edu/help. You should whitelist notifications@usda-esmis.library.cornell.edu in your email client to avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@usda.gov. 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