Cattle Death Loss ISSN: Released May 12, 2011, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Cattle and Calf Death Losses This report is released every five years as a cooperative effort between the National Agricultural Statistics Service and Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service - Wildlife Services and Veterinary Services. The information presented in this report is based on producer reports from the January 2011 Cattle survey and includes detailed percentage breakouts of cattle and calf losses by predators and non-predator causes as well as non- lethal control measures. Cattle and calf losses from predators and non-predator causes in the United States totaled 3.99 million head (excluding Alaska) during 2010. This represents 4.3 percent of the 93.9 million cattle and calves in the United States at the beginning of 2010. Losses of cattle weighing more than 500 pounds totaled 1.73 million head or 43.4 percent of total losses. Calves weighing less than 500 pounds lost to all causes totaled 2.26 million head or 56.6 percent of total losses. Cattle and calf losses from animal predators totaled nearly 220 thousand head during 2010. This represented 5.5 percent of the total deaths from all causes and resulted in a loss of $98.5 million to farmers and ranchers. Coyotes and dogs caused the majority of cattle and calf predator losses accounting for 53.1 percent and 9.9 percent respectively. Cattle and calf losses from non-predator causes totaled 3.77 million head or 94.5 percent of the total losses during 2010. Respiratory problems represented the leading cause of non-predator deaths, accounting for 28.0 percent, followed by digestive problems at 13.4 percent. Non-lethal predator control measures cost farmers and ranchers throughout the United States $188.5 million during 2010. Use of guard animals was the most common method at 36.9 percent. Exclusion fencing, frequent checking, and culling were the next most commonly used methods of preventing cattle and calf losses at 32.8 percent, 32.1 percent, and 28.9 percent respectively. This page intentionally left blank. Contents Number of Head and Total Value of Cattle and Calf Death Loss by Cause - United States: 2010............... 5 Number of Head of Cattle and Calves Lost by Cause - States and United States: 2010........................ 6 Total Value per Head and Total Value of Cattle and Calf Losses by Cause - States and United States: 2010.. 7 Percent of Total Cattle Predator Losses by Predator - States and United States: 2010...................... 8 Percent of Total Calf Predator Losses by Predator - States and United States: 2010........................ 9 Percent of Total Cattle Non-Predator Losses by Type - States and United States: 2010...................... 10 Percent of Total Calf Non-Predator Losses by Type - States and United States: 2010........................ 12 Percent of Operations using Non-Lethal Methods to Prevent Losses of Cattle and Calves to Predators by Method- States and United States: 2010.................................................................... 14 Statistical Methodology................................................................................... 16 Terms and Definitions..................................................................................... 16 Information Contacts...................................................................................... 16 This page intentionally left blank. Number of Head and Total Value of Cattle and Calf Death Loss by Cause - United States: 2010 [Totals may not add due to rounding] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cause : Number : Percent : Total : of head : of total : value -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number percent 1,000 dollars : Predator : Coyotes .........................: 116,700 53.1 48,185 Mountain lions and bobcats 1/ ...: 18,900 8.6 9,221 Dogs ............................: 21,800 9.9 10,067 Vultures ........................: 11,900 5.4 4,641 Wolves ..........................: 8,100 3.7 3,646 Bears ...........................: 2,800 1.3 1,415 Other predators .................: 12,400 5.6 6,352 Unknown predators ...............: 27,300 12.4 14,948 : Total predator ..................: 219,900 100.0 98,475 : Non-predator : Digestive problems ..............: 505,000 13.4 267,799 Respiratory problems ............: 1,055,000 28.0 643,146 Metabolic problems ..............: 59,800 1.6 47,558 Mastitis ........................: 62,000 1.6 59,112 Lameness/injury .................: 140,900 3.7 112,251 Other diseases ..................: 179,500 4.8 114,577 Weather related .................: 489,000 13.0 274,092 Calving problems ................: 494,000 13.1 274,670 Poisoning .......................: 36,100 0.9 26,817 Theft ...........................: 15,100 0.4 9,309 Other non-predator ..............: 301,600 8.0 247,092 Unknown non-predator ............: 435,000 11.5 276,476 : Total non-predator ..............: 3,773,000 100.0 2,352,899 : United States Total 2/ ............: 3,992,900 100.0 2,451,374 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes cougars, pumas and lynx. 2/ Excludes Alaska. Number of Head of Cattle and Calves Lost by Cause - States and United States: 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : All causes : Predators : Non-predators -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cattle : Calves : Cattle : Calves : Cattle : Calves -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : head head head head head head : Alabama ............: 23,000 30,000 1,000 5,200 22,000 24,800 Arizona ............: 20,000 18,000 2,200 2,100 17,800 15,900 Arkansas ...........: 35,000 40,000 1,900 4,800 33,100 35,200 California .........: 100,000 135,000 1,400 8,200 98,600 126,800 Colorado ...........: 55,000 55,000 800 4,300 54,200 50,700 Connecticut ........: 1,100 1,200 - 100 1,100 1,100 Delaware ...........: 400 500 - - 400 500 Florida ............: 23,000 31,000 900 5,400 22,100 25,600 Georgia ............: 19,000 23,000 1,300 3,500 17,700 19,500 Hawaii .............: 5,000 4,000 100 500 4,900 3,500 : Idaho ..............: 42,000 51,000 1,900 4,200 40,100 46,800 Illinois ...........: 18,000 30,000 300 1,500 17,700 28,500 Indiana ............: 13,000 22,000 100 800 12,900 21,200 Iowa ...............: 70,000 95,000 200 1,400 69,800 93,600 Kansas .............: 125,000 80,000 800 3,900 124,200 76,100 Kentucky ...........: 44,000 68,000 1,200 9,500 42,800 58,500 Louisiana ..........: 18,000 19,000 1,800 4,600 16,200 14,400 Maine ..............: 1,900 2,700 - 300 1,900 2,400 Maryland ...........: 3,000 5,000 100 100 2,900 4,900 Massachusetts ......: 1,000 1,000 - - 1,000 1,000 : Michigan ...........: 22,000 43,000 200 600 21,800 42,400 Minnesota ..........: 46,000 88,000 400 2,100 45,600 85,900 Mississippi ........: 21,000 27,000 800 2,800 20,200 24,200 Missouri ...........: 65,000 125,000 700 6,500 64,300 118,500 Montana ............: 23,000 57,000 1,000 4,200 22,000 52,800 Nebraska ...........: 110,000 85,000 200 2,200 109,800 82,800 Nevada .............: 5,000 12,000 500 2,300 4,500 9,700 New Hampshire ......: 800 800 - - 800 800 New Jersey .........: 500 700 - 100 500 600 New Mexico .........: 22,000 35,000 3,300 6,600 18,700 28,400 : New York ...........: 32,000 43,000 300 1,400 31,700 41,600 North Carolina .....: 13,000 20,000 1,400 4,000 11,600 16,000 North Dakota .......: 15,000 40,000 300 2,500 14,700 37,500 Ohio ...............: 21,000 29,000 500 2,300 20,500 26,700 Oklahoma ...........: 90,000 130,000 3,400 10,500 86,600 119,500 Oregon .............: 20,000 35,000 600 3,200 19,400 31,800 Pennsylvania .......: 35,000 43,000 100 600 34,900 42,400 Rhode Island .......: 100 200 - - 100 200 South Carolina .....: 7,000 8,000 300 1,000 6,700 7,000 South Dakota .......: 68,000 90,000 300 2,600 67,700 87,400 : Tennessee ..........: 34,000 56,000 1,300 7,800 32,700 48,200 Texas ..............: 310,000 290,000 6,000 40,000 304,000 250,000 Utah ...............: 13,000 26,000 300 2,300 12,700 23,700 Vermont ............: 6,000 8,000 100 200 5,900 7,800 Virginia ...........: 26,000 52,000 600 4,800 25,400 47,200 Washington .........: 20,000 19,000 200 1,500 19,800 17,500 West Virginia ......: 5,000 15,000 100 1,000 4,900 14,000 Wisconsin ..........: 75,000 140,000 500 3,100 74,500 136,900 Wyoming ............: 11,000 30,000 400 3,500 10,600 26,500 : United States 1/ ...: 1,733,800 2,259,100 39,800 180,100 1,694,000 2,079,000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Excludes Alaska. Total Value per Head and Total Value of Cattle and Calf Losses by Cause - States and United States: 2010 [Totals may not add due to rounding] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Total value : Total value : Total value : per head : predator losses : non-predator losses -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cattle 1/ : Calves 2/ : Cattle : Calves : Cattle : Calves -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars dollars 1,000 dollars 1,000 dollars 1,000 dollars 1,000 dollars : Alabama ............: 852 324 852 1,685 18,744 8,035 Arizona ............: 790 354 1,738 743 14,062 5,629 Arkansas ...........: 807 339 1,533 1,627 26,712 11,933 California .........: 923 348 1,292 2,854 91,008 44,126 Colorado ...........: 1,037 372 830 1,600 56,205 18,860 Connecticut ........: 1,095 300 - 30 1,205 330 Delaware ...........: 843 312 - - 337 156 Florida ............: 766 333 689 1,798 16,929 8,525 Georgia ............: 793 330 1,031 1,155 14,036 6,435 Hawaii .............: 520 273 52 137 2,548 956 : Idaho ..............: 967 354 1,837 1,487 38,777 16,567 Illinois ...........: 1,001 336 300 504 17,718 9,576 Indiana ............: 955 321 96 257 12,320 6,805 Iowa ...............: 1,097 360 219 504 76,571 33,696 Kansas .............: 1,017 378 814 1,474 126,311 28,766 Kentucky ...........: 871 330 1,045 3,135 37,279 19,305 Louisiana ..........: 871 318 1,568 1,463 14,110 4,579 Maine ..............: 879 300 - 90 1,670 720 Maryland ...........: 911 312 91 31 2,642 1,529 Massachusetts ......: 824 300 - - 824 300 : Michigan ...........: 942 278 188 167 20,536 11,787 Minnesota ..........: 987 375 395 788 45,007 32,213 Mississippi ........: 821 315 657 882 16,584 7,623 Missouri ...........: 997 357 698 2,321 64,107 42,305 Montana ............: 1,058 384 1,058 1,613 23,276 20,275 Nebraska ...........: 1,128 393 226 865 123,854 32,540 Nevada .............: 969 369 485 849 4,361 3,579 New Hampshire ......: 973 300 - - 778 240 New Jersey .........: 918 249 - 25 459 149 New Mexico .........: 894 354 2,950 2,336 16,718 10,054 : New York ...........: 911 276 273 386 28,879 11,482 North Carolina .....: 838 315 1,173 1,260 9,721 5,040 North Dakota .......: 1,135 366 341 915 16,685 13,725 Ohio ...............: 908 321 454 738 18,614 8,571 Oklahoma ...........: 914 360 3,108 3,780 79,152 43,020 Oregon .............: 972 345 583 1,104 18,857 10,971 Pennsylvania .......: 996 300 100 180 34,760 12,720 Rhode Island .......: 951 300 - - 95 60 South Carolina .....: 843 315 253 315 5,648 2,205 South Dakota .......: 1,133 381 340 991 76,704 33,299 : Tennessee ..........: 820 324 1,066 2,527 26,814 15,617 Texas ..............: 889 354 5,334 14,160 270,256 88,500 Utah ...............: 984 360 295 828 12,497 8,532 Vermont ............: 842 300 84 60 4,968 2,340 Virginia ...........: 801 330 481 1,584 20,345 15,576 Washington .........: 949 342 190 513 18,790 5,985 West Virginia ......: 884 297 88 297 4,332 4,158 Wisconsin ..........: 949 423 475 1,311 70,701 57,909 Wyoming ............: 1,094 396 438 1,386 11,596 10,494 : United States 3/ ...: 952 354 35,720 62,755 1,615,102 737,797 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Cattle value per head is based on a two-year straight average of the value of beef cows reported in the January 1 Cattle survey from 2010 and 2011. 2/ Calf value per head is based on the market year average calf price. An average weight of 300 pounds was used in all States. 3/ Excludes Alaska. United States value per head for cattle and calves derived. Percent of Total Cattle Predator Losses by Predator - States and United States: 2010 [Totals may not add due to rounding] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : :Mountain lions: : : : : Other : Unknown State : Coyotes :and bobcats 1/: Dogs :Vultures : Wolves : Bears : predators : predators ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent percent percent percent percent percent percent : Alabama ............: 38.3 - 49.9 3.4 - - - 8.4 Arizona ............: 15.8 7.3 - - - 1.5 0.7 74.7 Arkansas ...........: 37.5 - 43.1 - - - 2.2 17.2 California .........: 57.0 32.5 8.5 - - 1.0 - 1.0 Colorado ...........: 17.7 4.0 0.8 - - 21.4 47.6 8.5 Connecticut ........: - - - - - - - - Delaware ...........: - - - - - - - - Florida ............: 40.8 1.9 9.0 3.1 - - 25.6 19.6 Georgia ............: 7.0 - 14.1 0.1 - - 71.5 7.3 Hawaii .............: - - 67.2 - - - 14.8 18.0 : Idaho ..............: 3.9 1.5 0.5 - 30.0 0.4 3.2 60.5 Illinois ...........: 66.5 17.4 - - - - 16.1 - Indiana ............: 67.6 16.2 - - - - 16.2 - Iowa ...............: 38.0 7.1 26.1 - - - - 28.8 Kansas .............: 66.1 24.6 1.8 - - - 3.4 4.1 Kentucky ...........: 50.7 - 16.8 7.1 0.5 2.4 7.5 15.0 Louisiana ..........: 68.8 - 4.8 1.1 - - 19.6 5.7 Maine ..............: - - - - - - - - Maryland ...........: - - - - - - - 100.0 Massachusetts ......: - - - - - - - - : Michigan ...........: 59.5 - 25.0 - - - 15.5 - Minnesota ..........: 52.1 5.4 7.0 - 16.8 - - 18.7 Mississippi ........: 79.3 - 17.2 - - - 3.5 - Missouri ...........: 10.3 - 44.0 - - - - 45.7 Montana ............: 4.8 - - - 44.0 6.5 3.7 41.0 Nebraska ...........: 39.0 59.0 - - - - - 2.0 Nevada .............: 4.7 17.3 - - - - - 78.0 New Hampshire ......: - - - - - - - - New Jersey .........: - - - - - - - - New Mexico .........: 25.9 44.3 1.7 - 2.4 0.4 3.4 21.9 : New York ...........: 7.3 - 5.9 - - - - 86.8 North Carolina .....: 26.1 - 23.1 - - 6.8 - 44.0 North Dakota .......: 85.8 - - - - - - 14.2 Ohio ...............: 79.5 - - 6.8 - - 13.7 - Oklahoma ...........: 35.7 6.8 19.5 7.8 - - 13.6 16.6 Oregon .............: 63.6 13.3 - - - 7.3 - 15.8 Pennsylvania .......: - - - - - - - 100.0 Rhode Island .......: - - - - - - - - South Carolina .....: 65.8 - 6.3 - - - 25.5 2.4 South Dakota .......: 72.0 24.0 - 4.0 - - - - : Tennessee ..........: 62.1 - 26.4 - - - - 11.5 Texas ..............: 22.2 27.7 6.5 6.0 - 0.1 11.3 26.2 Utah ...............: 44.0 1.9 - - - 42.8 0.4 10.9 Vermont ............: 100.0 - - - - - - - Virginia ...........: 31.7 - 5.9 7.8 - 0.8 1.7 52.1 Washington .........: 80.7 7.5 - - - - - 11.8 West Virginia ......: 49.5 - - - - 18.4 - 32.1 Wisconsin ..........: 31.5 - - - 58.0 10.5 - - Wyoming ............: 19.8 11.9 1.0 - 18.6 15.7 - 33.0 : United States 2/ ...: 34.4 12.1 11.3 2.3 3.8 1.9 9.3 24.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Includes cougars, pumas, and lynx. 2/ Excludes Alaska. Percent of Total Calf Predator Losses by Predator - States and United States: 2010 [Totals may not add due to rounding] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : :Mountain lions: : : : : Other : Unknown State : Coyotes :and bobcats 1/: Dogs :Vultures : Wolves : Bears : predators : predators ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent percent percent percent percent percent percent : Alabama ............: 48.4 1.5 26.0 9.9 - - 6.7 7.5 Arizona ............: 38.3 31.9 5.7 - 12.7 3.4 2.5 5.5 Arkansas ...........: 38.7 3.2 30.6 13.8 - - 7.1 6.6 California .........: 75.7 11.7 4.3 - - 0.1 2.3 5.9 Colorado ...........: 82.2 6.3 1.0 - - 7.8 0.3 2.4 Connecticut ........: 100.0 - - - - - - - Delaware ...........: - - - - - - - - Florida ............: 77.4 - 0.5 8.7 - - 6.2 7.2 Georgia ............: 53.7 - 15.8 12.5 - - 13.3 4.7 Hawaii .............: - - 89.9 - - - 7.5 2.6 : Idaho ..............: 26.9 4.3 3.3 0.3 47.4 0.7 3.0 14.1 Illinois ...........: 87.9 7.1 1.0 0.3 - - 1.6 2.1 Indiana ............: 71.8 - 26.8 1.4 - - - - Iowa ...............: 66.9 1.0 13.9 - - - 8.4 9.8 Kansas .............: 71.2 7.9 13.8 - - - - 7.1 Kentucky ...........: 79.0 0.4 8.1 2.5 0.4 0.4 1.3 7.9 Louisiana ..........: 81.7 - 6.1 6.9 - - 3.0 2.3 Maine ..............: 14.0 - - - - - 86.0 - Maryland ...........: 56.6 - 6.6 - - - - 36.8 Massachusetts ......: - - - - - - - - : Michigan ...........: 55.5 - 5.6 - - - - 38.9 Minnesota ..........: 35.3 1.9 1.4 - 37.7 - 5.2 18.5 Mississippi ........: 65.9 1.2 16.0 3.8 - - 12.1 1.0 Missouri ...........: 29.5 14.4 33.2 3.8 - 2.2 1.5 15.4 Montana ............: 46.9 5.2 - - 20.3 2.3 1.6 23.7 Nebraska ...........: 59.4 37.5 - - - - - 3.1 Nevada .............: 61.8 2.4 1.7 - - 0.1 3.6 30.4 New Hampshire ......: - - - - - - - - New Jersey .........: 59.4 - - 32.8 - 7.8 - - New Mexico .........: 65.2 16.4 6.3 - - 1.3 3.6 7.2 : New York ...........: 88.5 1.8 3.6 - - - - 6.1 North Carolina .....: 63.7 - 12.1 10.4 - - 1.8 12.0 North Dakota .......: 86.2 3.7 1.7 - 0.7 - 2.4 5.3 Ohio ...............: 90.0 - 1.4 1.7 - - 6.9 - Oklahoma ...........: 52.6 7.1 13.8 4.4 1.5 1.5 9.3 9.8 Oregon .............: 70.0 8.7 0.5 - 7.7 1.0 8.7 3.4 Pennsylvania .......: 66.7 - 1.9 1.5 - - - 29.9 Rhode Island .......: - - - - - - - - South Carolina .....: 80.2 0.5 5.0 7.0 - - 3.8 3.5 South Dakota .......: 95.5 3.5 - - - - 1.0 - : Tennessee ..........: 62.5 0.3 16.0 8.8 - - 0.9 11.5 Texas ..............: 40.1 15.4 9.3 14.0 0.4 - 7.9 12.9 Utah ...............: 58.8 6.2 4.8 - 1.8 15.4 9.8 3.2 Vermont ............: 95.2 - - - - - - 4.8 Virginia ...........: 65.0 - 7.5 12.9 - 5.4 0.8 8.4 Washington .........: 77.3 3.4 - - 2.4 3.3 - 13.6 West Virginia ......: 80.9 - - - - 8.8 - 10.3 Wisconsin ..........: 42.0 3.2 - 0.1 47.5 0.9 - 6.3 Wyoming ............: 46.5 11.5 1.7 - 14.6 7.7 3.3 14.7 : United States 2/ ...: 57.2 7.8 9.6 6.1 3.7 1.1 4.8 9.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Includes cougars, pumas, and lynx. 2/ Excludes Alaska. Percent of Total Cattle Non-Predator Losses by Type - States and United States: 2010 [Totals may not add due to rounding] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Digestive : Respiratory : Metabolic : : Lameness : Other State : problems : problems : problems : Mastitis : or injury : diseases -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent percent percent percent percent : Alabama ............: 4.9 5.3 2.6 0.7 3.9 5.9 Arizona ............: 8.6 10.9 0.5 3.1 5.0 1.1 Arkansas ...........: 8.1 13.6 1.2 1.1 1.2 11.0 California .........: 7.9 27.3 3.9 10.6 11.0 5.6 Colorado ...........: 18.2 39.7 1.6 2.0 5.3 7.1 Connecticut ........: 13.9 11.1 8.5 23.0 13.2 5.5 Delaware ...........: 8.9 2.7 1.5 21.6 6.2 6.2 Florida ............: 5.9 10.8 3.8 5.3 6.8 2.3 Georgia ............: 4.6 12.5 3.1 2.5 4.6 7.0 Hawaii .............: 1.0 0.6 0.3 - 0.6 2.2 : Idaho ..............: 13.4 25.6 5.6 7.6 9.9 8.1 Illinois ...........: 14.0 25.6 4.5 3.2 10.5 3.9 Indiana ............: 10.9 20.9 6.7 3.8 8.9 2.4 Iowa ...............: 10.0 45.5 1.5 2.3 6.8 3.8 Kansas .............: 5.2 63.8 0.3 0.7 1.8 2.9 Kentucky ...........: 9.9 35.7 1.0 1.1 3.3 1.9 Louisiana ..........: 4.1 11.6 0.2 1.1 4.8 5.6 Maine ..............: 5.6 30.5 16.0 6.5 20.9 2.7 Maryland ...........: 9.7 6.5 6.4 7.5 9.1 5.3 Massachusetts ......: 9.6 8.1 13.0 16.8 6.9 0.2 : Michigan ...........: 11.4 27.1 7.6 9.2 9.1 6.0 Minnesota ..........: 13.2 24.2 5.1 6.8 8.4 4.6 Mississippi ........: 5.1 14.3 1.7 0.7 3.9 3.3 Missouri ...........: 4.5 11.5 1.5 1.0 5.0 8.3 Montana ............: 6.6 16.9 0.7 0.5 5.1 4.7 Nebraska ...........: 9.3 39.2 0.4 0.3 4.2 2.0 Nevada .............: 8.0 11.0 4.3 3.7 8.1 6.0 New Hampshire ......: 8.5 6.2 9.0 7.5 11.6 9.9 New Jersey .........: 2.7 7.1 8.3 0.8 7.9 2.7 New Mexico .........: 19.8 18.2 2.9 17.7 2.7 7.2 : New York ...........: 11.3 11.5 8.4 13.3 17.7 4.5 North Carolina .....: 4.6 11.3 5.6 3.0 6.1 4.3 North Dakota .......: 9.7 24.7 0.7 0.2 3.0 4.2 Ohio ...............: 13.0 25.7 5.7 6.3 12.7 3.9 Oklahoma ...........: 4.7 28.3 0.6 0.5 3.9 6.8 Oregon .............: 9.9 9.9 4.5 5.0 12.4 3.6 Pennsylvania .......: 10.1 14.3 6.1 16.8 13.2 9.8 Rhode Island .......: 36.6 - 3.6 3.6 13.4 5.3 South Carolina .....: 19.8 6.5 1.7 4.2 3.2 4.0 South Dakota .......: 12.6 31.1 2.7 1.9 5.4 5.2 : Tennessee ..........: 5.1 11.6 1.6 1.3 5.1 5.2 Texas ..............: 7.3 22.1 1.2 1.2 2.8 4.8 Utah ...............: 12.6 19.3 5.9 3.8 6.5 2.8 Vermont ............: 14.0 10.0 6.6 16.7 12.8 9.5 Virginia ...........: 4.3 12.4 2.5 2.8 7.8 6.3 Washington .........: 10.7 25.5 3.9 8.1 8.6 6.7 West Virginia ......: 7.3 9.2 2.1 1.3 4.6 5.6 Wisconsin ..........: 10.8 17.3 8.2 9.4 17.5 5.0 Wyoming ............: 5.2 11.7 1.6 1.4 3.0 5.5 : United States 1/ ...: 8.7 26.5 2.6 3.7 6.1 5.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Percent of Total Cattle Non-Predator Losses by Type - States and United States: 2010 (continued) [Totals may not add due to rounding] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Weather : Calving : : : Other : Unknown State : related : problems : Poisoning : Theft : non-predator : non-predator -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent percent percent percent percent : Alabama ............: 16.4 16.8 3.1 1.3 25.1 14.0 Arizona ............: 8.5 6.7 1.9 0.1 6.1 47.5 Arkansas ...........: 16.3 12.1 6.3 0.1 19.3 9.7 California .........: 1.5 10.2 - 0.2 12.9 8.9 Colorado ...........: 5.2 3.3 2.3 0.1 5.7 9.5 Connecticut ........: 0.7 9.7 4.3 0.6 4.9 4.6 Delaware ...........: - 20.1 - - 10.8 22.0 Florida ............: 18.5 17.6 1.5 0.1 20.7 6.7 Georgia ............: 3.4 21.8 0.3 - 26.4 13.8 Hawaii .............: 74.4 6.5 0.1 2.5 9.8 2.0 : Idaho ..............: 3.1 9.0 2.6 0.1 9.7 5.3 Illinois ...........: 11.4 9.4 0.9 - 12.5 4.1 Indiana ............: 1.8 15.1 0.5 0.9 13.5 14.6 Iowa ...............: 8.5 7.1 0.6 - 7.2 6.7 Kansas .............: 13.0 3.2 0.3 0.3 4.3 4.2 Kentucky ...........: 6.5 8.8 1.7 - 14.5 15.6 Louisiana ..........: 17.1 15.7 4.2 - 19.9 15.7 Maine ..............: - 6.7 - - 5.1 6.0 Maryland ...........: 1.6 12.8 0.3 - 22.0 18.8 Massachusetts ......: 1.4 16.6 4.7 2.4 10.7 9.6 : Michigan ...........: 1.5 8.6 - - 7.7 11.8 Minnesota ..........: 5.3 7.7 1.2 - 14.3 9.2 Mississippi ........: 17.1 17.4 0.7 0.6 21.6 13.6 Missouri ...........: 20.7 14.9 1.0 1.2 20.0 10.4 Montana ............: 9.7 7.1 3.6 1.1 19.7 24.3 Nebraska ...........: 17.9 4.8 0.4 0.2 7.2 14.1 Nevada .............: 1.5 4.2 6.8 9.4 9.5 27.5 New Hampshire ......: - 18.5 - - 16.0 12.8 New Jersey .........: 21.3 9.4 - - 39.2 0.6 New Mexico .........: 3.2 7.2 1.8 1.1 5.3 12.9 : New York ...........: 1.6 11.0 2.3 0.2 10.5 7.7 North Carolina .....: 10.9 21.3 0.5 1.0 21.0 10.4 North Dakota .......: 16.0 2.4 0.4 0.4 22.4 15.9 Ohio ...............: 2.4 14.7 0.2 0.1 10.8 4.5 Oklahoma ...........: 11.1 10.4 0.4 1.8 18.6 12.9 Oregon .............: 3.3 8.4 1.7 0.1 29.7 11.5 Pennsylvania .......: 1.3 10.1 0.3 - 9.7 8.3 Rhode Island .......: - 6.3 - - 31.2 - South Carolina .....: 10.4 18.4 1.4 0.2 20.0 10.2 South Dakota .......: 13.1 5.9 3.1 0.1 13.3 5.6 : Tennessee ..........: 7.9 16.8 1.9 0.7 28.1 14.7 Texas ..............: 10.8 12.2 1.4 0.2 17.4 18.6 Utah ...............: 6.2 4.8 3.7 1.4 13.6 19.4 Vermont ............: 0.5 10.8 0.9 - 7.2 11.0 Virginia ...........: 19.4 14.3 2.5 - 17.3 10.4 Washington .........: 3.0 6.8 - 0.1 13.8 12.8 West Virginia ......: 28.2 18.4 2.7 2.1 9.6 8.9 Wisconsin ..........: 3.1 10.9 1.3 - 8.8 7.7 Wyoming ............: 15.2 6.6 7.5 1.3 17.0 24.0 : United States 1/ ...: 9.9 9.8 1.4 0.4 13.8 12.1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Excludes Alaska. Percent of Total Calf Non-Predator Losses by Type - States and United States: 2010 [Totals may not add due to rounding] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Digestive : Respiratory : Metabolic : Lameness : Other State : problems : problems : problems : or injury : diseases ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent percent percent percent : Alabama ............: 5.0 12.7 2.5 2.8 4.7 Arizona ............: 15.0 25.2 - 1.1 6.2 Arkansas ...........: 4.3 24.7 0.1 1.3 4.9 California .........: 24.1 46.6 2.1 1.6 5.8 Colorado ...........: 18.4 30.8 0.2 1.2 2.6 Connecticut ........: 38.8 20.5 0.4 1.1 6.0 Delaware ...........: 21.4 18.9 2.4 - 16.0 Florida ............: 12.4 14.1 2.0 2.7 14.4 Georgia ............: 8.1 16.4 0.5 1.0 2.6 Hawaii .............: 5.6 4.7 - 2.6 4.3 : Idaho ..............: 24.9 33.9 1.8 3.0 5.5 Illinois ...........: 18.1 25.8 0.3 2.8 5.2 Indiana ............: 25.6 29.5 0.7 0.5 1.5 Iowa ...............: 21.0 30.7 0.5 1.3 1.7 Kansas .............: 8.3 35.4 0.3 1.5 2.2 Kentucky ...........: 14.8 21.0 0.1 2.1 5.9 Louisiana ..........: 4.9 22.5 0.1 0.4 3.7 Maine ..............: 24.8 30.5 4.4 6.5 2.0 Maryland ...........: 14.6 13.4 0.6 3.8 6.9 Massachusetts ......: 21.8 15.0 - 10.0 7.1 : Michigan ...........: 30.1 41.7 0.1 1.4 2.9 Minnesota ..........: 27.7 31.6 1.3 2.6 2.8 Mississippi ........: 5.7 24.7 0.5 2.8 1.5 Missouri ...........: 10.1 24.8 0.2 1.4 2.1 Montana ............: 14.3 13.6 0.1 0.7 1.2 Nebraska ...........: 15.9 22.6 0.5 0.9 2.2 Nevada .............: 12.1 21.6 - 0.7 0.9 New Hampshire ......: 35.9 34.6 3.8 0.7 0.4 New Jersey .........: 6.0 10.2 - - 5.1 New Mexico .........: 15.1 33.1 1.3 2.9 3.8 : New York ...........: 32.9 31.8 2.4 3.2 7.6 North Carolina .....: 9.4 18.7 2.6 2.8 6.7 North Dakota .......: 14.5 28.6 0.4 0.8 3.0 Ohio ...............: 27.2 28.5 0.5 3.0 4.6 Oklahoma ...........: 4.3 35.1 0.8 2.0 6.4 Oregon .............: 18.4 31.2 1.1 1.6 3.8 Pennsylvania .......: 25.3 39.0 0.4 1.3 4.3 Rhode Island .......: 39.0 22.0 - - - South Carolina .....: 24.4 10.7 1.5 0.5 2.8 South Dakota .......: 12.8 29.2 0.3 0.4 0.9 : Tennessee ..........: 14.4 21.0 0.6 2.6 6.6 Texas ..............: 11.8 28.2 0.5 2.2 9.2 Utah ...............: 23.4 25.7 0.5 0.9 2.1 Vermont ............: 38.6 28.4 1.6 1.9 2.3 Virginia ...........: 9.9 12.7 0.2 1.8 3.8 Washington .........: 19.4 31.8 0.8 2.8 4.9 West Virginia ......: 8.0 12.7 - 2.6 4.2 Wisconsin ..........: 38.1 37.5 1.3 2.0 4.3 Wyoming ............: 9.3 18.3 0.1 0.4 3.9 : United States 1/ ...: 17.2 29.1 0.8 1.8 4.5 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Percent of Total Calf Non-Predator Losses by Type - States and United States: 2010 (continued) [Totals may not add due to rounding] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Weather : Calving : : : Other : Unknown State : related : problems : Poisoning : Theft : non-predator : non-predator -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent percent percent percent percent : Alabama ............: 20.5 22.0 0.2 0.7 7.1 21.8 Arizona ............: 9.3 12.1 0.2 3.1 3.6 24.2 Arkansas ...........: 16.6 20.1 8.5 - 5.9 13.6 California .........: 3.6 7.0 0.1 0.1 1.9 7.1 Colorado ...........: 15.8 17.1 2.4 0.2 4.1 7.2 Connecticut ........: 1.6 7.3 - - 4.2 20.1 Delaware ...........: - 35.4 - - - 5.9 Florida ............: 11.0 29.2 0.4 0.1 0.3 13.4 Georgia ............: 7.0 35.6 2.6 - 3.7 22.5 Hawaii .............: 66.5 5.9 - 1.2 4.3 4.9 : Idaho ..............: 5.4 20.5 0.1 0.2 1.0 3.7 Illinois ...........: 13.7 20.5 - - 8.6 5.0 Indiana ............: 7.3 13.4 0.1 - 6.1 15.3 Iowa ...............: 12.5 19.2 0.6 - 4.1 8.4 Kansas .............: 24.6 15.3 0.1 0.5 2.4 9.4 Kentucky ...........: 19.4 13.5 0.7 0.6 3.5 18.4 Louisiana ..........: 23.4 22.8 3.1 2.0 5.4 11.7 Maine ..............: 11.4 10.9 - - 1.3 8.2 Maryland ...........: 32.8 9.4 - - 5.9 12.6 Massachusetts ......: 10.3 12.5 - - 14.7 8.6 : Michigan ...........: 5.0 5.6 - 0.2 4.3 8.7 Minnesota ..........: 7.6 16.4 0.9 - 1.9 7.2 Mississippi ........: 12.7 31.1 0.4 0.6 2.1 17.9 Missouri ...........: 28.8 20.7 0.1 - 2.2 9.6 Montana ............: 27.1 22.4 1.3 2.3 1.6 15.4 Nebraska ...........: 28.0 23.2 0.3 - 1.3 5.1 Nevada .............: 9.2 7.5 0.7 - - 47.3 New Hampshire ......: - 19.0 1.1 - 0.5 4.0 New Jersey .........: 21.6 27.2 - - 12.5 17.4 New Mexico .........: 15.1 6.0 1.1 3.2 4.5 13.9 : New York ...........: 1.7 10.9 0.2 0.3 4.1 4.9 North Carolina .....: 17.7 16.8 0.3 0.4 3.6 21.0 North Dakota .......: 26.3 17.7 0.2 0.1 2.8 5.6 Ohio ...............: 8.3 24.7 - - 0.6 2.6 Oklahoma ...........: 15.0 17.8 0.7 1.5 4.6 11.8 Oregon .............: 10.5 19.2 0.2 - 2.8 11.2 Pennsylvania .......: 2.5 12.9 0.6 - 3.6 10.1 Rhode Island .......: 4.9 29.2 - - 4.9 - South Carolina .....: 3.8 23.9 0.3 - 1.2 30.9 South Dakota .......: 36.8 15.6 0.1 0.1 0.6 3.2 : Tennessee ..........: 11.0 26.8 0.6 0.5 6.0 9.9 Texas ..............: 10.9 11.5 0.5 0.4 3.8 21.0 Utah ...............: 21.3 7.7 0.2 2.2 2.1 13.9 Vermont ............: 1.6 9.5 - - 2.2 13.9 Virginia ...........: 30.0 15.5 0.3 - 12.1 13.7 Washington .........: 3.7 17.1 0.1 - 3.2 16.2 West Virginia ......: 52.6 12.4 - 0.6 2.2 4.7 Wisconsin ..........: 5.5 5.7 0.3 - 1.6 3.7 Wyoming ............: 29.0 25.0 0.5 0.4 2.6 10.5 : United States 1/ ...: 15.4 15.8 0.6 0.4 3.3 11.1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Excludes Alaska. Percent of Operations using Non-Lethal Methods to Prevent Losses of Cattle and Calves to Predators by Method- States and United States: 2010 [Use of multiple non-lethal methods will result in percentages summing to greater than 100] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Guard : Exclusion : : Night : Fright State : animals : fencing : Herding : penning : tactics ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent percent percent percent : Alabama ............: 53.0 32.1 1.2 1.5 1.4 Arizona ............: 26.8 8.5 81.8 53.4 0.1 Arkansas ...........: 51.7 15.0 0.3 11.1 3.2 California .........: 29.8 74.6 1.6 0.5 1.4 Colorado ...........: 27.5 22.6 1.7 28.5 2.7 Connecticut ........: 59.0 35.2 1.2 1.2 - Delaware ...........: - - - - - Florida ............: 37.4 14.1 2.8 2.3 0.5 Georgia ............: 49.2 31.9 1.9 0.6 - Hawaii .............: 0.8 80.6 0.4 - 2.1 : Idaho ..............: 21.8 19.6 10.9 12.7 12.8 Illinois ...........: 39.9 42.5 2.9 20.6 2.7 Indiana ............: 16.4 36.8 2.3 18.0 4.8 Iowa ...............: 46.5 22.3 - 6.6 - Kansas .............: 19.1 10.3 7.1 - 8.3 Kentucky ...........: 36.9 52.2 2.2 1.7 0.2 Louisiana ..........: 31.0 38.5 7.9 - 2.0 Maine ..............: 46.5 85.7 - 7.6 - Maryland ...........: - 80.5 - - - Massachusetts ......: 26.7 93.1 1.2 22.7 0.5 : Michigan ...........: 38.6 23.3 - 2.8 0.8 Minnesota ..........: 59.0 24.9 5.2 12.8 6.7 Mississippi ........: 72.4 17.2 - - - Missouri ...........: 35.9 31.2 6.0 4.8 - Montana ............: 34.6 3.1 12.7 19.8 4.4 Nebraska ...........: 24.5 48.1 1.7 5.1 2.7 Nevada .............: 58.1 - - - - New Hampshire ......: 4.0 59.6 5.2 13.2 - New Jersey .........: 0.8 94.1 - 17.8 19.3 New Mexico .........: 38.0 25.3 5.7 11.5 0.1 : New York ...........: 23.8 51.0 9.3 4.9 2.0 North Carolina .....: 64.0 36.2 0.7 0.5 0.4 North Dakota .......: 38.6 19.2 1.5 1.0 16.4 Ohio ...............: 30.1 59.0 2.0 22.7 0.7 Oklahoma ...........: 41.8 24.7 8.9 3.6 3.2 Oregon .............: 27.3 24.4 1.7 7.2 1.9 Pennsylvania .......: 6.3 78.4 5.6 5.7 2.0 Rhode Island .......: 10.9 94.5 5.5 13.1 - South Carolina .....: 16.5 65.7 7.3 - 0.5 South Dakota .......: 39.9 16.9 0.6 14.6 4.5 : Tennessee ..........: 33.9 33.9 4.6 4.2 0.5 Texas ..............: 50.2 24.1 4.7 1.2 1.3 Utah ...............: 17.9 79.2 6.9 0.5 0.4 Vermont ............: 37.3 82.7 4.5 4.5 - Virginia ...........: 36.8 17.8 10.1 6.0 5.1 Washington .........: 45.7 32.2 1.6 0.4 10.7 West Virginia ......: 47.0 47.3 15.3 9.9 0.1 Wisconsin ..........: 27.0 41.3 5.4 22.1 5.0 Wyoming ............: 19.8 23.5 22.7 19.4 3.5 : United States 1/ ...: 36.9 32.8 5.3 6.6 2.5 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Percent of Operations using Non-Lethal Methods to Prevent Losses of Cattle and Calves to Predators by Method- States and United States: 2010 (continued) [Use of multiple non-lethal methods will result in percentages summing to greater than 100] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Livestock : : Frequent : Other State : carcass removal : Culling : checks : non-lethal ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent percent percent percent : Alabama ............: 17.2 20.4 14.2 2.4 Arizona ............: 0.7 5.4 46.8 0.6 Arkansas ...........: 7.8 46.6 22.5 - California .........: 26.6 5.2 20.3 7.3 Colorado ...........: 21.1 18.6 36.8 17.6 Connecticut ........: 1.2 - - 5.9 Delaware ...........: - - - 100.0 Florida ............: 74.2 68.5 80.6 0.4 Georgia ............: 25.1 34.9 21.0 9.2 Hawaii .............: 2.1 12.8 9.9 4.5 : Idaho ..............: 28.8 36.3 66.4 13.4 Illinois ...........: 38.5 28.1 13.7 4.2 Indiana ............: 40.1 31.3 35.3 4.3 Iowa ...............: 22.8 30.7 32.3 23.9 Kansas .............: 45.4 40.6 41.4 1.4 Kentucky ...........: 14.2 14.2 18.1 4.8 Louisiana ..........: 17.9 19.7 24.5 18.9 Maine ..............: - - - - Maryland ...........: 14.0 32.4 29.3 1.3 Massachusetts ......: - - - - : Michigan ...........: 15.4 24.7 14.5 11.2 Minnesota ..........: 17.7 14.7 23.1 3.7 Mississippi ........: 0.7 0.7 4.1 14.0 Missouri ...........: 18.8 44.4 15.3 0.1 Montana ............: 36.9 30.1 26.6 17.1 Nebraska ...........: 63.7 72.7 64.9 11.6 Nevada .............: 17.1 23.3 36.2 - New Hampshire ......: 4.0 3.8 28.5 1.1 New Jersey .........: 2.9 8.3 20.7 0.8 New Mexico .........: 13.5 9.2 37.6 0.9 : New York ...........: 11.5 26.5 19.3 2.0 North Carolina .....: 10.7 2.6 9.3 - North Dakota .......: 20.8 30.8 26.6 11.5 Ohio ...............: 22.6 19.8 44.4 4.4 Oklahoma ...........: 18.2 24.7 16.7 14.3 Oregon .............: 12.9 12.6 60.9 5.9 Pennsylvania .......: 17.5 21.2 15.2 7.4 Rhode Island .......: 18.5 13.1 18.5 - South Carolina .....: 28.3 26.6 39.0 1.0 South Dakota .......: 12.1 18.8 37.7 15.3 : Tennessee ..........: 25.3 22.0 45.0 7.6 Texas ..............: 8.1 31.4 29.6 7.2 Utah ...............: 12.6 21.9 17.6 50.8 Vermont ............: 4.5 12.7 4.5 - Virginia ...........: 34.3 47.9 37.7 14.8 Washington .........: 1.3 2.6 2.2 11.4 West Virginia ......: 10.2 33.8 15.2 13.9 Wisconsin ..........: 19.0 22.4 31.4 6.6 Wyoming ............: 42.9 28.3 47.0 8.3 : United States 1/ ...: 23.9 28.9 32.1 7.0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Excludes Alaska. Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: A random sample of United States producers were contacted during the January Cattle Inventory survey to provide data for these estimates. Survey procedures ensured that all cattle producers, regardless of size, had a chance to be included in the survey. Large producers were sampled more heavily than small operations. Data were collected from about 40,000 operators during the first half of January by mail, telephone, and face-to- face personal interviews and 78 percent of the reports were usable. Estimating Procedures: These estimates of death loss were prepared by the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service using producer data from the January 2011 Cattle survey. Cattle and calf inventory estimates were published in the Cattle report released on January 28, 2011 while total cattle and calf death losses from all causes were published in the Meat Animals Production, Disposition and Income report released on April 28, 2011. In setting the predator and non-predator loss estimates, first total predator and non-predator losses were estimated first as a percent of total losses, then specific predator and non-predator losses were estimated as a percent of total predator and non-predator losses. Value estimates were rounded to the nearest $1,000. Revision Policy: Revisions to previous estimates are made to improve current estimates. Previous year estimates are subject to revision when current estimates are made. Estimates of losses from all causes are subject to revision in next year's Meat Animals Production, Disposition and Income report. No revisions to predator and non-predator loss estimates are planned. Reliability: Since all cattle operators are not included in the sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplications, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these errors cannot be measured directly. They are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. Terms and Definitions Cattle includes all cows, bulls, steers, and heifers weighing over 500 pounds. This includes beef and milk breeds as well as cattle on feed. Calves include beef and milk breed steers, heifers, and bulls weighing less than 500 pounds. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov Dan Kerestes, Chief, Livestock Branch ........... (202) 720-3570 Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section ........... (202) 690-2424 Travis Averill - Dairy Products Prices ....... (202) 690-2168 Sherry Bertramsen - Livestock Slaughter ...... (515) 284-4340 Doug Bounds - Hogs and Pigs .................. (202) 720-3106 Jason Hardegree - Cattle, Cattle on Feed ..... (202) 720-3040 Mike Miller - Milk Production and Milk Cows .. (202) 720-3278 Everett Olbert - Sheep and Goats ............. (202) 720-4751 Lorie Warren - Dairy Products ................ (202) 690-3236 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: http://www.nass.usda.gov Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. 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