United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service Ag Ch 1 (01) Fruit and Vegetable Agricultural Practices - 1999 June 2001 Table of Contents Page Overview 2 Number of Summarized Reports 3-4 Program Coverage by Commodity 5-6 Highlights 7-8 Grower Agricultural Practices Field Environment 9-16 Irrigation 17-26 Organic Fertilizers 27-36 Harvest Methods and Equipment 37-58 Packing Methods 59-62 Harvest Workers 63-67 Food Safety Training 68-79 Trace Back Information 80-85 Packer Agricultural Practices Buyer Food Safety Requirements, Organically Grown and Exports 86-88 Packing Workers 89 Food Safety Training and Procedures 90-115 Field Packing 117-139 Location for Packing 116, 140-143 Facility Packing 144-166 Trace Back Information 167-172 Terms and Definitions 173-175 Survey Procedures 176 Reliability 177 Report Features/Contacts 178 1999 Fruit and Vegetable Agricultural Practices Overview: In October 1997, the President signed a directive entitled "Initiative to Ensure the Safety of Imported and Domestic Fruits and Vegetables." Part of this initiative directed the Secretary of Health and Human Services, in partnership with the Secretary of Agriculture and in close cooperation with the agricultural community to issue guidance on good agricultural practices (GAPs) for fresh fruits and vegetables to ensure the safety of the Nation's food supply. To comply with this directive, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the USDA issued a document entitled "Guide to Minimize Microbial Food Safety Hazards for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables". The document discusses potential sources of microbial contamination to produce including: water, manure, worker, field and facility sanitation and transportation. The document also discusses trace back issues so that sources of contamination may be determined. An important component of the President's initiative was to develop an educational outreach program. To effectively develop an educational outreach program, a baseline of current agricultural practices needed to be established. The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) in collaboration with representatives from the fruit and vegetables industries conducted the 1999 Fruit and Vegetable Agricultural Practices Survey to establish the baseline of agricultural practices. USDA, FDA, and industry decided the most important criteria for crop inclusion in the survey was an objective selection of commodities that would provide a representative cross section of the fruit and vegetable industries. The criteria used in selecting the targeted fruits and vegetables were the following: 1) produce that are included in the top 20 fresh fruit and vegetables consumed in the United States, 2) produce with the greatest number of planted acres in the United States, and 3) produce that is predominately consumed uncooked. To meet this criteria and to ensure statistically reliable coverage, 30 fruit and vegetable commodities in fourteen states were included in the survey (see Program Coverage tables on pages 5 and 6). The survey data pertains to the 1999 crop year unless otherwise noted. Two populations of interest were established and surveyed. The "Grower" population consisted of producers of targeted fruit and vegetable crops harvested for fresh market utilization. The "Packer" population consisted of operations that packed these same target crops for fresh market use. These populations are not mutually exclusive because many growers are also packers. Two independent surveys (a Grower Survey and a Packer Survey) were conducted. Growers were surveyed for information pertaining to field environment, agricultural water, organic fertilizers, harvest-field operations, harvest workers, and trace back systems. Packers were surveyed for information pertaining to packing workers, field packing, facility packing, and trace back systems. Virtually all data in this publication are presented in terms of "percent of total". The question format in many sections of the questionnaires involved "follow-on" questions. For example, "Was a knife used to harvest the crop?" - If yes... "Was the knife washed?" - If yes... "How frequently was it washed?". Footnotes are provided for each data table to clarify the sub-population to which percentages pertain. If there is no footnote, the percentages pertain to "all growers" or "all packers". The data was summarized to provide data users two sets of statistics. The Grower data is presented in terms of "Percent of Farms" reporting an agricultural practice and corresponding "Percent of Acres" on which the agricultural practice was applied. Similarly, the Packer data are presented in terms of "Percent of Packers" and corresponding "Percent of Volume". In both the grower and packer populations, the majority are small operations such as roadside stand grower-packers. The "Percent of Farms" and "Percent of Packers" are provided more for educational extension analysis where as "Percent of Acres" and "Percent of Volume" are more appropriate for food safety analysis. Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding. Percentages in some data tables will add to more than 100 when respondents could respond positively to more than one response option. Number of Summarized Reports Grower Agricultural Practices Fruit Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : Sweet : : Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ no. of reports 823 133 349 103 47 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines Raisin : : : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ no. of reports 24 70 30 29 41 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Oranges : Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ no. of reports 123 658 384 48 99 2,961 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Number of Summarized Reports Grower Agricultural Practices Vegetable Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ no. of reports 47 409 192 121 103 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : Head : Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ no. of reports 20 302 22 89 53 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Straw- : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : berries : : :Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ no. of reports 475 273 745 646 409 3,906 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Number of Summarized Reports Packer Agricultural Practices Fruit Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : Sweet : : Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ no. of reports 371 23 79 50 24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines : Oranges ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ no. of reports 12 12 3 21 80 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ no. of reports 270 108 28 17 1,098 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Number of Summarized Reports Packer Agricultural Practices Vegetable Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ no. of reports 14 214 52 73 28 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : Head : Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ no. of reports 29 139 21 34 23 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, :Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ no. of reports 190 133 376 237 207 1,770 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Agricultural Practices Survey 1999 Crop Year Fruit Program Coverage by Commodity -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Percent of U.S. Total 1/ Commodity : States in Survey :--------------------------------------- : : Acres Harvested : Fresh Market : : for Fresh Market : Utilization -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Apples :CA, GA, MI, NJ, NY,: :NC, OR, PA, SC, WA : 2/ 89 : : Avocados :CA, FL : 99 99 : : Cherries, Sweet :CA, MI, OR, WA : 2/ 96 : : Grapefruit :CA, FL : 2/ 85 : : Grapes, Table :CA : 2/ 100 : : Grapes, Raisin :CA : 2/ 100 : : Kiwifruit :CA : 100 100 : : Lemons :CA : 2/ 81 : : Limes :FL : 2/ 100 : : Nectarines :CA : 100 100 : : Oranges :CA, FL : 2/ 94 : : Peaches :CA, GA, MI, NJ, NY,: :NC, PA, SC, WA : 2/ 86 : : Pears :CA, NY, OR, PA, WA : 2/ 99 : : Plums :CA : 2/ 2/ : : Tangerines :CA, FL : 2/ 87 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Based on NASS estimating program. 2/ Not published. Agricultural Practices Survey 1999 Crop Year Vegetable Program Coverage by Commodity -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Percent of U.S. Total 1/ Commodity : States in Survey :--------------------------------------- : : Acres Harvested : Fresh Market : : for Fresh Market : Production -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Broccoli :AZ, CA, TX : 100 100 : : Cabbage :CA, FL, GA, MI, NJ,: :NY, NC, TX, WI : 89 88 : : Cantaloups :AZ, CA, GA, MI, TX : 92 95 : : Carrots :AZ, CA, MI, NY, TX,: :WA : 96 93 : : Cauliflower :AZ, CA, MI, NY, TX : 2/ 100 : : Celery :CA, MI, TX : 2/ 2/ : : Cucumbers :CA, FL, GA, MI, NJ,: :NY, NC, TX : 87 95 : : Honeydews :AZ, CA, TX : 100 100 : : Lettuce, Head :AZ, CA, NJ, NY : 98 99 : : Lettuce, Other :AZ, CA, FL : 99 99 : : Onions, Bulb :AZ, CA, GA, MI, NY,: :OR, TX, WA, WI : 2/ 2/ : : Peppers, Bell :CA, FL, MI, NJ, NC,: :TX : 2/ 2/ : : Strawberries :CA, FL, MI, NJ, NY,: :NC, OR, WA, WI : 2/ 99 : : Tomatoes :CA, FL, GA, MI, NJ,: :NY, NC, TX : 78 83 : : Watermelons :AZ, CA, FL, GA, NC,: :TX : 73 81 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Based on NASS estimating program. 2/ Not published. Highlights Grower Practices Field environment: Only 2 percent of vegetable acres and 1 percent of fruit acres were reported as being adjacent to a confined animal production facility. Seven percent of all fruit acres and 3 percent of all vegetable acres were reported being adjacent to a residential area. One or less than one percent of all fruit and all vegetable acres were reported located next to industry, waste disposal or landfill or manure storage sites. Agricultural water: The percent of all fruit acres irrigated in 1999 was 92 while 93 percent of all vegetable acres were irrigated. The most common source of irrigation water was deep ground wells with 51 percent of the vegetable and 39 percent of the fruit growers reporting this source of water. Flowing surface water was the next most common source of irrigation water with 38 percent of the fruit growers and 19 percent of the vegetable growers drawing water from this source. Organic fertilizers: Organic fertilizers are not commonly used by fruit and vegetable growers. Only 6 percent of fruit acres and 3 percent of vegetable acres were reported having manure applied in 1999. Only 2 percent of all fruit acres and 1 percent of all vegetable acres received sludge applications in 1999. Harvest-field operations: Harvest methods across all fruit acres were 94 percent by hand only, 5 percent by hand and machine and less than 1 percent by machine only. Vegetable acres were 87 percent harvested by hand only, 8 percent by hand and machine, and 5 percent by machine only. The most frequently used types of harvest equipment by fruit growers in 1999 (% of farms) were bins at 79 percent, bags at 57 percent, followed by trucks at 52 percent, wagons or trailers at 30 percent, and buckets or pans at 20 percent. For vegetable growers, the most common types of harvest equipment were boxes at 37 percent, trucks at 34 percent, retail packages at 31 percent, wagons or trailers at 29 percent, buckets or pans at 25 percent, and bins at 19 percent. Seventy-seven percent of the fruit growers had their crop packed at an off-farm packing facility in 1999 while 16 percent used an on-farm packing facility and 8 percent field packed. In the field is where 40 percent of vegetable growers packed their 1999 crop followed by 36 percent using an on-farm packing facility, and 23 percent using an off-farm packing facility. Harvest workers: The percent of harvest workers working the entire season harvesting a grower's commodity in 1999 was 76 percent for fruit and 79 percent for vegetables. Food safety related training was provided in 1999 by 93 percent of the fruit growers and 79 percent of vegetable growers. Trace back systems: For fruit growers who did not pack their production in 1999, 90 percent of the crop from acres harvested had trace back information on the crop shipped from farm to packer. For vegetable harvested acres, 79 percent of the crop had trace back information on the crop shipped from farm to packer. Packer Practices Packing workers: The percent of packing workers working the entire season packing a specific commodity in 1999 was 76 percent for fruit and 75 percent for vegetables. Food safety related training was provided in 1999 by 89 percent of the fruit packers and 82 percent of vegetable packers. Of the total volume packed, 77 percent of the fruit and 60 percent of vegetables were by workers wearing gloves. Field packing: Only 35 percent of all fruit packers reported field packing. All packers of table grapes reported field packing followed by 43 percent of sweet cherry packers and 33 percent of apple packers. For vegetables, 57 percent of all growers reported some field packing. Broccoli had field packing reported by 99 percent of the packers followed by head lettuce at 95 percent, cauliflower at 94 percent, and watermelons at 87 percent. Of the packers who field packed, only 12 percent of the fruit packers and 21 percent of the vegetable packers used a mobile packing unit. Facility packing: Facility packing was reported by 83 percent of fruit packers and 72 percent of vegetable packers. The most common packing facility operations reported by fruit packers were manual packing at 77 percent, manual culling/grading/sorting at 75 percent, conveyor belt transport at 56 percent, refrigeration at 52 percent and washing at 48 percent. The most common packing facility operations reported by vegetable packers were manual packing at 90 percent, manual culling/grading/sorting at 86 percent, washing at 43 percent and refrigeration at 32 percent. Trace back systems: Packers of fruit reported that 98 percent of the volume packed in 1999 had trace back information on the crop shipped. Vegetable packers reported 95 percent of the volume packed in 1999 had trace back information on the crop shipped. Grower Agricultural Practices Field Environment - Percent of Farms Fruit Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Field : Target Fruit Crop located :----------------------------------------------------------- next : Apples : Avocados :Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, to... : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : A confined animal : production facility : 2 0 2 1 1 : Industry : 1/ 0 1/ 1 0 : Waste disposal or : landfill : * 0 1/ 1/ 0 : Manure storage : 1 0 1 1 0 : Residential area : 6 0 5 5 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Field : Target Fruit Crop (continued) located :----------------------------------------------------------- next : Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines to... : Raisin : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : A confined animal : production facility : 1 * 0 0 0 : Industry : 0 0 0 0 0 : Waste disposal or : landfill : 0 0 0 0 0 : Manure storage : 0 0 0 0 0 : Residential area : 1 2 4 0 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Field : Target Fruit Crop (continued) located :----------------------------------------------------------- next : Oranges :Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit to... : : : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : A confined animal : production facility : 3 3 1 1/ * 2 : Industry : 0 1/ * 0 1 1/ : Waste disposal or : landfill : 0 1/ 2 1/ 0 1/ : Manure storage : 0 1/ * 0 2 1/ : Residential area : 12 6 3 1 5 6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. Grower Agricultural Practices Field Environment - Percent of Acres Fruit Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Field : Target Fruit Crop located :----------------------------------------------------------- next : Apples : Avocados :Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, to... : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : A confined animal : production facility : 1 0 3 1 1 : Industry : 1 0 1/ * 0 : Waste disposal or : landfill : * 0 1/ 1/ 0 : Manure storage : 1 0 1 1/ 0 : Residential area : 3 0 5 4 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Field : Target Fruit Crop (continued) located :----------------------------------------------------------- next : Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines to... : Raisin : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : A confined animal : production facility : 2 * 0 0 0 : Industry : 0 0 0 0 0 : Waste disposal or : landfill : 0 0 0 0 0 : Manure storage : 0 0 0 0 0 : Residential area : 1 1 8 0 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Field : Target Fruit Crop (continued) located :----------------------------------------------------------- next : Oranges :Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit to... : : : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres acres : A confined animal : production facility : 1 1 1 1/ * 1 : Industry : 0 1/ * 0 1 1/ : Waste disposal or : landfill : 0 1/ 2 * 0 1/ : Manure storage : 0 1/ 1 0 1/ 1/ : Residential area : 12 10 7 1 5 7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. Grower Agricultural Practices Field Environment - Percent of Farms Vegetable Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Field : Target Vegetable Crop located :--------------------------------------------------------------- next : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower to... : : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : A confined : animal : production : facility : 1/ 3 2 1 1/ : Industry : 0 1/ 0 1/ 1/ : Waste disposal : or landfill : 0 1 0 * 0 : Manure storage : 0 1 0 1/ 0 : Residential area: 4 4 2 1/ 5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Field : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) located :--------------------------------------------------------------- next : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, to... : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : A confined : animal : production : facility : 0 6 0 * 1/ : Industry : * 1/ 0 1 0 : Waste disposal : or landfill : 3 1/ 0 1/ 0 : Manure storage : 0 3 0 0 0 : Residential area: 0 3 0 9 5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Field : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) located :--------------------------------------------------------------- next : Onions, : Peppers, : Straw- : Tomatoes : Water- : All to... : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons : Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : A confined : animal : production : facility : 1 2 2 3 3 3 : Industry : 1/ 1 1 * 1/ 1 : Waste disposal : or landfill : 2 0 1/ 1/ 0 1 : Manure storage : 1/ 1 1/ 1/ 0 1/ : Residential area: 2 5 5 3 1 4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. Grower Agricultural Practices Field Environment - Percent of Acres Vegetable Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Field : Target Vegetable Crop located :--------------------------------------------------------------- next : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower to... : : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : A confined : animal : production : facility : 1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ : Industry : 0 1/ 0 1/ 1/ : Waste disposal : or landfill : 0 * 0 * 0 : Manure storage : 0 1/ 0 1/ 0 : Residential area: 2 4 7 1/ 3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Field : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) located :--------------------------------------------------------------- next : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, to... : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : A confined : animal : production : facility : 0 4 0 * 2 : Industry : * 1/ 0 1 0 : Waste disposal : or landfill : 2 1 0 1/ 0 : Manure storage : 0 3 0 0 0 : Residential area: 0 2 0 2 4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Field : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) located :--------------------------------------------------------------- next : Onions, : Peppers, : Straw- : Tomatoes : Water- : All to... : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons : Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres acres : A confined : animal : production : facility : 4 1/ 2 1 5 2 : Industry : 1/ 1/ 1/ * 2 1/ : Waste disposal : or landfill : * 0 1/ 1/ 0 1 : Manure storage : 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ 0 1/ : Residential area: * 3 9 2 1/ 3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. Grower Agricultural Practices Field Environment Run-off Control - Percent of Farms Fruit Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ALL FRUIT :------------------------------------------------------ : Field located next to... Type of run-off control :------------------------------------------------------ :A confined :Industry : Waste : Manure :Residential : animal : :disposal : storage : area :production : : or : : : facility : :landfill : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Ditch : 19 4 0 0 8 : Vegetative buffer strip : 14 35 * 36 11 : Other buffer strip : 2 5 * * 4 : Evaporation pond : 0 0 0 0 1/ : Retention system or pond : 0 2 * 0 1 : Drainage system : 15 0 18 * 4 : Other : 15 13 * 0 11 : None : 34 40 47 24 61 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of growers reporting "Field located next to...". Grower Agricultural Practices Field Environment Run-off Control - Percent of Acres Fruit Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ALL FRUIT :------------------------------------------------------ : Field located next to... Type of run-off control :------------------------------------------------------ :A confined :Industry : Waste : Manure :Residential : animal : :disposal : storage : area :production : : or : : : facility : :landfill : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : Ditch : 40 1 0 0 5 : Vegetative buffer strip : 11 12 16 51 22 : Other buffer strip : 8 65 8 * 3 : Evaporation pond : 0 0 0 0 1/ : Retention system or pond : 0 1 1/ 0 1/ : Drainage system : 8 0 6 * 3 : Other : 6 1 25 0 8 : None : 27 20 44 2 59 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of growers reporting "Field located next to...". Grower Agricultural Practices Field Environment Run-off Control - Percent of Farms Vegetable Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ALL VEGETABLES :------------------------------------------------------ : Field located next to... Type of run-off control :------------------------------------------------------ :A confined :Industry : Waste : Manure :Residential : animal : :disposal : storage : area :production : : or : : : facility : :landfill : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Ditch : 34 20 51 12 33 : Vegetative buffer strip : 30 * 3 6 11 : Other buffer strip : 16 5 44 3 2 : Evaporation pond : 0 0 0 1 1/ : Retention system or pond : 1/ 33 0 1 1 : Drainage system : 6 3 0 2 7 : Other : 5 * 0 58 10 : None : 9 8 1 17 36 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of growers reporting "Field located next to...". Grower Agricultural Practices Field Environment Run-off Control - Percent of Acres Vegetable Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ALL VEGETABLES :------------------------------------------------------ : Field located next to... Type of run-off control :------------------------------------------------------ :A confined :Industry : Waste : Manure :Residential : animal : :disposal : storage : area :production : : or : : : facility : :landfill : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : Ditch : 51 48 52 12 44 : Vegetative buffer strip : 26 3 * 1 3 : Other buffer strip : 5 1 47 1/ 4 : Evaporation pond : 0 0 0 1/ 1/ : Retention system or pond : 1/ 44 0 1/ 1/ : Drainage system : 8 * 0 4 30 : Other : 1 * 0 81 8 : None : 9 3 * 1 10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of growers reporting "Field located next to...". Grower Agricultural Practices Field Environment Pest Control Methods - Percent of Farms Fruit Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Pest control method:----------------------------------------------------------- : Apples : Avocados :Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Traps or chemical : sprays for insects : 94 75 98 92 79 : Traps or chemicals : for rodents : 55 48 55 15 36 : Field or block : maintenance : 97 95 96 94 94 : Pest exclusion : 18 21 14 2 8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Pest control method:----------------------------------------------------------- : Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines : Raisin : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Traps or chemical : sprays for insects : 82 16 76 81 96 : Traps or chemicals : for rodents : 8 11 77 0 17 : Field or block : maintenance : 95 90 90 80 95 : Pest exclusion : 0 13 0 20 3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Pest control method:----------------------------------------------------------- : Oranges :Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : Traps or chemical : sprays for insects : 89 93 98 92 86 90 : Traps or chemicals : for rodents : 23 27 54 19 14 34 : Field or block : maintenance : 99 95 99 93 96 96 : Pest exclusion : 7 11 11 2 4 10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Grower Agricultural Practices Field Environment Pest Control Methods - Percent of Farms Vegetable Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Pest control :--------------------------------------------------------------- method : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Traps or : chemical sprays : for insects : 98 91 61 40 98 : Traps or : chemicals : for rodents : 24 8 23 14 28 : Field or block : maintenance : 99 88 82 94 98 : Pest exclusion : 1 6 21 15 2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Pest control :--------------------------------------------------------------- method : Celery :Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Traps or : chemical sprays : for insects : 84 63 73 92 89 : Traps or : chemicals : for rodents : 18 10 4 33 34 : Field or block : maintenance : 96 93 94 98 94 : Pest exclusion : 22 7 4 9 7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Pest control :--------------------------------------------------------------- method : Onions, : Peppers, : Straw- : Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons : Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : Traps or : chemical sprays : for insects : 70 81 73 85 45 78 : Traps or : chemicals : for rodents : 14 18 22 29 9 21 : Field or block : maintenance : 89 87 87 91 76 92 : Pest exclusion : 8 9 21 18 8 11 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Grower Agricultural Practices Crop Irrigated - Percent of Farms Fruit Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : Sweet : : Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of farms farms farms farms farms 59 100 81 90 100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines Raisin : : : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of farms farms farms farms farms 100 100 100 82 100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Oranges : Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of farms farms farms farms farms farms 99 76 87 100 98 86 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Grower Agricultural Practices Crop Irrigated - Percent of Acres Fruit Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : Sweet : : Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of acres acres acres acres acres 68 100 88 96 100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines Raisin : : : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of acres acres acres acres acres 100 100 100 98 100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Oranges : Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of acres acres acres acres acres acres 100 78 97 100 99 92 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Grower Agricultural Practices Crop Irrigated - Percent of Farms Vegetable Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 99 74 84 90 92 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : Head : Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 100 70 99 98 97 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelon : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of farms farms farms farms farms farms 60 87 84 89 59 84 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Grower Agricultural Practices Crop Irrigated - Percent of Acres Vegetable Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres 99 85 98 96 99 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : Head : Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres 100 74 99 99 99 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of acres acres acres acres acres acres 84 98 96 99 73 93 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Grower Agricultural Practices Type of Irrigation System - Percent of Farms Fruit Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type of : Target Fruit Crop irrigation :------------------------------------------------------------- system : Apples : Avocados : Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Gravity irrigation: (Flood or furrow) : 4 1/ 8 6 52 : Sprinkler : irrigation : (Over canopy) : 26 4 7 2 1/ : Sprinkler : irrigation : (Under canopy) : 54 76 70 34 1 : Drip or trickle : 15 19 16 50 46 : Subirrigation : 0 0 0 0 0 : Other : 1 1 1 8 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type of : Target Fruit Crop (continued) irrigation :------------------------------------------------------------- system : Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines : Raisin : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Gravity irrigation: (Flood or furrow) : 93 2 19 0 87 : Sprinkler : irrigation : (Over canopy) : 0 17 2 66 0 : Sprinkler : irrigation : (Under canopy) : 1 37 46 32 2 : Drip or trickle : 6 39 26 1 10 : Subirrigation : 1 0 0 0 0 : Other : 0 5 7 0 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type of : Target Fruit Crop (continued) irrigation :------------------------------------------------------------- system : Oranges : Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : Gravity irrigation: (Flood or furrow) : 2 60 6 88 19 26 : Sprinkler : irrigation : (Over canopy) : 2 11 14 0 1 7 : Sprinkler : irrigation : (Under canopy) : 32 10 74 6 33 34 : Drip or trickle : 37 16 5 6 12 23 : Subirrigation : 0 2 0 0 0 1/ : Other : 26 1 1 0 35 10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of growers reporting irrigation in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Type of Irrigation System - Percent of Farms Vegetable Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type of : Target Vegetable Crop irrigation :--------------------------------------------------------------- system : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Gravity : irrigation : (Flood or : furrow) : 51 30 62 17 50 : Sprinkler : irrigation : (Over canopy) : 39 51 13 62 42 : Sprinkler : irrigation : (Under canopy) : 2 4 1 11 3 : Drip or trickle : 8 9 25 9 6 : Subirrigation : 0 3 0 1/ 0 : Other : 0 4 1/ 1 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type of : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) irrigation :--------------------------------------------------------------- system : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Gravity : irrigation : (Flood or : furrow) : 60 20 49 42 50 : Sprinkler : irrigation : (Over canopy) : 12 46 2 49 48 : Sprinkler : irrigation : (Under canopy) : 16 7 0 3 1/ : Drip or trickle : 11 25 48 5 1/ : Subirrigation : 0 1 0 0 1 : Other : 0 2 0 1/ 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Grower Agricultural Practices Type of Irrigation System - Percent of Farms (continued) Vegetable Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type of : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) irrigation :--------------------------------------------------------------- system : Onions, : Peppers, : Straw- : Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons : Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : Gravity : irrigation : (Flood or : furrow) : 30 15 4 44 19 36 : Sprinkler : irrigation : (Over canopy) : 49 45 71 13 41 40 : Sprinkler : irrigation : (Under canopy) : 2 2 3 1 5 4 : Drip or trickle : 10 29 21 40 31 18 : Subirrigation : 3 4 1/ 1/ 1 1 : Other : 6 4 1/ 2 3 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of growers reporting irrigation in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Source of Irrigation Water - Percent of Farms Fruit Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Source of :----------------------------------------------------------- irrigation water : Apples : Avocados :Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Standing Surface : (Ponds, lakes, : and reservoirs) : 12 10 7 29 1 : Flowing surface : (Rivers, canals, : streams, and : irrigation ditches) : 47 1 49 6 34 : Ground; Deep well : 19 34 28 52 46 : Ground; Shallow well: 2 11 3 4 6 : Municipal : 4 37 2 10 14 : Other : 15 7 10 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Source of :----------------------------------------------------------- irrigation water : Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines : Raisin : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Standing surface : (Ponds, lakes, : and reservoirs) : 2 2 1 0 0 : Flowing surface : (Rivers, canals, : streams, and : irrigation ditches) : 79 11 28 0 65 : Ground; Deep well : 14 73 47 1 30 : Ground; Shallow well: 4 9 3 99 5 : Municipal : 1 4 7 0 0 : Other : 0 1 14 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Source of :----------------------------------------------------------- irrigation water : Oranges :Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : Standing surface : (Ponds, lakes, : and reservoirs) : 8 15 7 1 6 9 : Flowing surface : (Rivers, canals, : streams, and : irrigation ditches) : 17 58 51 73 12 38 : Ground; Deep well : 67 22 13 19 71 39 : Ground; Shallow well: 4 4 5 7 7 4 : Municipal : 4 1 4 1/ 4 5 : Other : 1/ 1/ 19 0 1/ 4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of growers reporting irrigation in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Source of Irrigation Water - Percent of Farms Vegetable Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source of : Target Vegetable Crop irrigation :--------------------------------------------------------------- water : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Standing : surface (Ponds, : lakes, and : reservoirs) : 21 24 9 6 3 : Flowing : surface : (Rivers, canals,: streams, and : irrigation : ditches) : 5 25 51 29 11 : Ground; : Deep well : 69 40 37 * 62 : Ground; : Shallow well : 2 2 2 * 23 : Municipal : 1/ 9 1 7 1 : Other : 2 1/ 0 7 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Source of :--------------------------------------------------------------- irrigation : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, water : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Standing : surface (Ponds, : lakes, and : reservoirs) : 2 33 2 3 12 : Flowing : surface : (Rivers, canals,: streams, and : irrigation : ditches) : 3 20 50 17 20 : Ground; : Deep well : 89 35 48 69 68 : Ground; : Shallow well : 1/ 6 1 11 0 : Municipal : 2 7 0 1/ 0 : Other : 4 0 0 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Grower Agricultural Practices Source of Irrigation Water - Percent of Farms (continued) Vegetable Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Source of :--------------------------------------------------------------- irrigation : Onions, : Peppers, : Straw- : Tomatoes : Water- : All water : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons : Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : Standing : surface (Ponds, : lakes, and : reservoirs) : 22 22 30 20 25 17 : Flowing : surface : (Rivers, canals,: streams, and : irrigation : ditches) : 28 15 9 24 20 19 : Ground; : Deep well : 35 51 45 42 46 51 : Ground; : Shallow well : 12 6 4 7 8 7 : Municipal : 3 5 7 7 1 4 : Other : 1/ 1/ 5 1/ 0 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of growers reporting irrigation in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Last Irrigation to First Harvest Interval - Percent of Farms Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Number :----------------------------------------------------------- of days : Apples : Avocados :Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : 1 - 7 : 23 9 24 13 18 : 8 - 21 : 27 3 16 12 32 : 22+ : 50 88 60 75 50 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Number :----------------------------------------------------------- of days : Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines : Raisin : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : 1 - 7 : 1 25 10 0 48 : 8 - 21 : 8 53 3 0 34 : 22+ : 91 22 87 100 18 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number : Target Fruit Crop (continued) of days :----------------------------------------------------------- : Oranges : Peaches : Pears : Plums :Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : 1 - 7 : 31 40 29 51 40 25 : 8 - 21 : 6 29 37 19 12 16 : 22+ : 64 31 35 30 48 59 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting irrigation in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Last Irrigation to First Harvest Interval - Percent of Acres Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Number :--------------------------------------------------------------- of days : Apples : Avocados : Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : 1 - 7 : 21 13 25 10 16 : 8 - 21 : 30 1 16 4 43 : 22+ : 48 86 59 85 42 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Number :--------------------------------------------------------------- of days : Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines : Raisin : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : 1 - 7 : 2 21 10 0 50 : 8 - 21 : 9 56 2 0 30 : 22+ : 89 23 88 100 20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number : Target Fruit Crop (continued) of days :--------------------------------------------------------------- : Oranges : Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres acres : 1 - 7 : 38 28 24 35 20 25 : 8 - 21 : 5 29 44 28 11 14 : 22+ : 58 43 31 37 68 61 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting irrigation in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Last Irrigation to First Harvest Interval - Percent of Farms Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number : Target Vegetable Crop of days :--------------------------------------------------------------- : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : 1 - 7 : 26 16 20 34 42 : 8 - 21 : 18 37 34 17 31 : 22+ : 56 48 45 49 27 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) of days :--------------------------------------------------------------- : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : 1 - 7 : 27 15 10 46 45 : 8 - 21 : 14 20 24 17 35 : 22+ : 59 65 66 38 20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Number :--------------------------------------------------------------- of days : Onions, : Peppers, : Straw- : Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons : Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : 1 - 7 : 21 21 5 6 14 23 : 8 - 21 : 39 12 22 20 38 23 : 22+ : 40 67 73 74 49 54 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting irrigation in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Last Irrigation to First Harvest Interval - Percent of Acres Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number : Target Vegetable Crop of days :--------------------------------------------------------------- : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : 1 - 7 : 23 8 36 22 30 : 8 - 21 : 20 32 41 36 38 : 22+ : 56 60 23 42 33 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) of days :--------------------------------------------------------------- : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : 1 - 7 : 25 21 9 35 49 : 8 - 21 : 21 17 52 10 37 : 22+ : 54 63 39 55 14 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Number :--------------------------------------------------------------- of days : Onions, : Peppers, : Straw- : Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons : Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres acres : 1 - 7 : 15 11 3 5 13 18 : 8 - 21 : 45 7 5 19 36 24 : 22+ : 40 82 92 76 52 58 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting irrigation in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Organic Fertilizer Applied in 1998 or 1999 - Percent of Farms Fruit Program States ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : Sweet : : Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 4 20 3 * 30 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines Raisin : : : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 7 * 5 2 31 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Oranges : Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of farms farms farms farms farms farms 12 12 2 32 6 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. Grower Agricultural Practices Organic Fertilizer Applied in 1998 or 1999 - Percent of Acres Fruit Program States ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : Sweet : : Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres 3 9 3 * 23 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines Raisin : : : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres 11 * 4 1 38 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Oranges : Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of acres acres acres acres acres acres 7 20 2 18 6 13 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. Grower Agricultural Practices Organic Fertilizer Applied in 1998 or 1999 - Percent of Farms Vegetable Program States ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 8 13 25 17 9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : Head : Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 19 15 2 9 13 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 8 11 21 14 7 14 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Grower Agricultural Practices Organic Fertilizer Applied in 1998 or 1999 - Percent of Acres Vegetable Program States ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres 4 5 6 1 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : Head : Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres 12 9 1/ 6 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres 1 3 16 2 6 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Less than one percent. Grower Agricultural Practices Sludge Applied - Percent of Farms Fruit Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : Sweet : : Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 1/ * 1/ * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines Raisin : : : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 2 1 0 1 * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Oranges : Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 1/ 2 0 * 2 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. Grower Agricultural Practices Sludge Applied - Percent of Acres Fruit Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : Sweet : : Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres * 1 1/ * 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines Raisin : : : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres 3 3 0 1/ * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Oranges : Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres 1/ 4 0 * 3 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. Grower Agricultural Practices Sludge Applied - Percent of Farms Vegetable Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 0 1 0 1/ 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : Head : Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 0 1 1 1/ 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 1/ 1 2 2 1 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Less than one percent. Grower Agricultural Practices Sludge Applied - Percent of Acres Vegetable Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres 0 3 0 1/ 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : Head : Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres 0 5 1/ 1/ 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres 1/ 2 1 1 1/ 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Less than one percent. Grower Agricultural Practices Manure Applied in 1998 - Percent of Farms Fruit Program States ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : Sweet : : Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 2 7 3 * 30 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines Raisin : : : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 4 * 3 * 19 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Oranges : Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 5 5 2 22 * 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. Grower Agricultural Practices Manure Applied - Percent of Farms Fruit Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : Sweet : : Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 4 20 3 * 21 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines Raisin : : : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 5 * 2 1 20 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Oranges : Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms * 8 1 22 * 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. Grower Agricultural Practices Manure Applied - Percent of Acres Fruit Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : Sweet : : Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres 3 9 3 * 20 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines Raisin : : : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres 8 * 3 1/ 22 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Oranges : Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres 4 13 1 12 3 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. Grower Agricultural Practices Manure Applied in 1998 - Percent of Farms Vegetable Program States ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 4 10 20 8 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : Head : Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 19 13 2 4 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Strawberries : Tomatoes : Water- : All Bulb : Bell : : : melons : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 8 9 16 9 4 9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Grower Agricultural Practices Manure Applied - Percent of Farms Vegetable Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 4 11 24 9 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : Head : Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 19 12 2 9 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 7 10 17 11 4 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Grower Agricultural Practices Manure Applied - Percent of Acres Vegetable Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres 2 2 6 1/ 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : Head : Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres 12 3 1/ 6 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres 1 1 14 1 5 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Less than one percent. Grower Agricultural Practices Average Manure Application Rate Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : Sweet : : Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ tons per acre tons per acre tons per acre tons per acre tons per acre 1.0 1.1 4.0 * 7.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines Raisin : : : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ tons per acre tons per acre tons per acre tons per acre tons per acre 5.2 * 2.0 * 5.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Oranges : Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ tons tons tons tons tons tons per acre per acre per acre per acre per acre per acre 2.0 5.1 2.1 6.8 2.5 3.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. 1/ Rates based on number of growers reporting manure applied in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Average Manure Application Rate Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ tons per acre tons per acre tons per acre tons per acre tons per acre 4.9 3.9 2.2 1.8 2.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : Head : Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ tons per acre tons per acre tons per acre tons per acre tons per acre * 4.4 * 1.7 3.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ tons per tons per tons per tons per tons per tons per acre acre acre acre acre acre 4.7 2.2 3.5 4.6 1.3 3.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. 1/ Rates based on number of growers reporting manure applied in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Type of Manure Applied - Percent of Farms Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop : Beef : Dairy : Hog : Sheep : Poultry : Equine : Other category : : : : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of : farms : ALL FRUIT : 37 28 0 * 24 * 8 : ALL VEGETABLES : 18 19 1 1/ 41 13 8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of growers reporting manure applied in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Type of Manure Applied - Percent of Acres Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop : Beef : Dairy : Hog : Sheep : Poultry : Equine : Other category : : : : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of : acres : ALL FRUIT : 22 45 0 * 20 * 12 : ALL VEGETABLES : 18 23 1/ 1/ 39 9 11 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of growers reporting manure applied in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Source of Manure Applied - Percent of Farms Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop : On-farm : Other farm : Commercial supplier category : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of farms : ALL FRUIT : 37 16 47 : ALL VEGETABLES : 24 29 47 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting manure applied in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Source of Manure Applied - Percent of Acres Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop : On-farm : Other farm : Commercial supplier category : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of acres : ALL FRUIT : 11 29 59 : ALL VEGETABLES : 10 23 66 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting manure applied in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Type of Manure Treatment - Percent of Farms Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop : Composted : Aged : Other : Not treated : Don't know category : : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of farms : ALL FRUIT : 12 44 5 22 18 : ALL VEGETABLES : 41 32 3 15 9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting manure applied in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Type of Manure Treatment - Percent of Acres Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop : Composted : Aged : Other : Not treated : Don't know category : : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of acres : ALL FRUIT : 21 33 3 25 18 : ALL VEGETABLES : 55 29 3 3 9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting manure applied in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Manure Method of Application - Percent of Farms Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dry : Dry : Liquid : Injected or Crop : broadcast : broadcast : broadcast :liquid broad- category : without : with : without : cast with : incorporation : incorporation : incorporation :incorporation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of farms : ALL FRUIT : 65 29 5 0 : ALL VEGETABLES : 16 82 2 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting manure applied in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Manure Method of Application - Percent of Acres Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dry : Dry : Liquid : Injected or Crop : broadcast : broadcast : broadcast :liquid broad- category : without : with : without : cast with : incorporation : incorporation : incorporation :incorporation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of acres : ALL FRUIT : 45 48 7 0 : ALL VEGETABLES : 10 89 1 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of growers reporting manure applied in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Method of Harvest - Percent of Farms Fruit Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- Harvest method : Apples : Avocados :Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : By hand only : 100 99 87 100 100 : By both hand : and machine : 1/ 1 9 1 0 : By machine only : 0 0 3 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) :----------------------------------------------------------- Harvest method : Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines : Raisin : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : By hand only : 41 100 100 100 100 : By both hand : and machine : 59 0 0 0 0 : By machine only : 0 0 0 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) :----------------------------------------------------------- Harvest method : Oranges :Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : By hand only : 100 100 100 100 100 93 : By both hand : and machine : 1/ 1/ 0 0 0 7 : By machine only : 0 0 0 0 0 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Less than one percent. Grower Agricultural Practices Method of Harvest - Percent of Acres Fruit Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- Harvest method : Apples : Avocados :Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : By hand only : 99 100 88 99 100 : By both hand : and machine : 1 1/ 6 1 0 : By machine only : 0 0 6 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) :----------------------------------------------------------- Harvest method : Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines : Raisin : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : By hand only : 63 100 100 100 100 : By both hand : and machine : 37 0 0 0 0 : By machine only : 0 0 0 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Harvest method :----------------------------------------------------------- : Oranges :Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres acres : By hand only : 100 100 100 100 100 94 : By both hand : and machine : 1/ 1/ 0 0 0 5 : By machine only : 0 0 0 0 0 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Less than one percent. Grower Agricultural Practices Method of Harvest - Percent of Farms Vegetable Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Harvest method :--------------------------------------------------------------- : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : By hand only : 79 96 92 58 98 : By both hand : and machine : 21 4 8 9 2 : By machine only : 0 0 1/ 33 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Harvest method :--------------------------------------------------------------- : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : By hand only : 94 98 74 91 95 : By both hand : and machine : 1 1 26 9 5 : By machine only : 4 2 0 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Harvest method :--------------------------------------------------------------- : Onions, : Peppers, : Straw- : Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons : Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : By hand only : 44 98 100 97 100 89 : By both hand : and machine : 8 2 0 3 1/ 6 : By machine only : 48 0 0 1/ 0 5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Less than one percent. Grower Agricultural Practices Method of Harvest - Percent of Acres Vegetable Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Harvest method :--------------------------------------------------------------- : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : By hand only : 82 92 73 8 98 : By both hand : and machine : 18 8 27 23 2 : By machine only : 0 0 1/ 69 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Harvest method :--------------------------------------------------------------- : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : By hand only : 94 88 68 95 98 : By both hand : and machine : 1 5 32 5 2 : By machine only : 5 8 0 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) :--------------------------------------------------------------- Harvest method : Onions, : Peppers, : Straw- : Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons : Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres acres : By hand only : 55 98 100 94 99 87 : By both hand : and machine : 20 2 0 6 1 8 : By machine only : 25 0 0 1/ 0 5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Less than one percent. Grower Agricultural Practices Harvest Tools Used - Percent of Farms Fruit Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- Harvest tool : Apples : Avocados :Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Hands : 100 100 96 100 100 : Knife : 1/ 2 0 2 8 : Machete : 0 0 0 0 0 : Clippers/scissors : 6 88 0 20 84 : Other : 1/ 6 * 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) :----------------------------------------------------------- Harvest tool : Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines : Raisin : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Hands : 100 100 100 100 100 : Knife : 29 10 2 0 * : Machete : 0 0 0 0 0 : Clippers/scissors : 10 2 95 1 * : Other : * 8 0 0 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) :----------------------------------------------------------- Harvest tool : Oranges :Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : Hands : 100 100 100 100 100 100 : Knife : 3 0 0 0 1 4 : Machete : 0 0 0 0 0 0 : Clippers/scissors : 33 0 1 4 33 21 : Other : 1/ 1 1 1 0 7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. Grower Agricultural Practices Harvest Tools Used - Percent of Acres Fruit Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- Harvest tool : Apples : Avocados :Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : Hands : 100 100 97 100 100 : Knife : 1/ 1 0 1 8 : Machete : 0 0 0 0 0 : Clippers/scissors : 10 86 0 8 73 : Other : 2 8 5 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) :----------------------------------------------------------- Harvest tool : Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines : Raisin : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : Hands : 100 100 100 100 100 : Knife : 41 10 2 0 1 : Machete : 0 0 0 0 0 : Clippers/scisssors : 19 2 93 1 1 : Other : * 5 0 0 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) :----------------------------------------------------------- Harvest tool : Oranges :Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres acres : Hands : 100 100 100 100 100 99 : Knife : 1 0 0 0 1/ 6 : Machete : 0 0 0 0 0 0 : Clippers/scissors : 22 0 1 3 25 21 : Other : 1/ 1/ 2 5 0 6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. Grower Agricultural Practices Harvest Tools Used - Percent of Farms Vegetable Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Harvest tool :--------------------------------------------------------------- : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Hands : 100 100 100 67 100 : Knife : 91 87 17 2 92 : Machete : 0 3 0 0 2 : Clippers/ : scissors : 0 1/ 1 1/ 0 : Other : 0 1 0 14 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Harvest tool :--------------------------------------------------------------- : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Hands : 95 99 100 100 100 : Knife : 94 8 56 85 91 : Machete : * 0 0 0 0 : Clippers/ : scissors : 0 1 0 1/ 0 : Other : 1 1 0 0 4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) :--------------------------------------------------------------- Harvest tool : Onions, : Peppers, : Straw- : Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons : Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : Hands : 52 100 100 100 100 95 : Knife : 3 22 4 2 97 41 : Machete : 0 0 0 0 0 1 : Clippers/ : scissors : 22 * 1/ 14 1 4 : Other : 8 1/ 0 3 1/ 2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. Grower Agricultural Practices Harvest Tools Used - Percent of Acres Vegetable Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Harvest tool :--------------------------------------------------------------- : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : Hands : 100 100 100 31 100 : Knife : 93 92 3 1/ 94 : Machete : 0 3 0 0 1 : Clippers/ : scissors : 0 1/ 1/ 2 0 : Other : 0 1/ 0 24 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Harvest tool :--------------------------------------------------------------- : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : Hands : 95 93 100 100 100 : Knife : 94 3 91 92 86 : Machete : * 0 0 0 0 : Clippers/ : scissors : 0 1/ 0 1/ 0 : Other : 1 1/ 0 0 4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) :--------------------------------------------------------------- Harvest tool : Onions, : Peppers, : Straw- : Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons : Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres acres : Hands : 75 100 100 100 100 95 : Knife : 11 13 13 3 97 39 : Machete : 0 0 0 0 0 1/ : Clippers/ : scissors : 56 * 1/ 3 1 4 : Other : 9 1/ 0 6 1 3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. Grower Agricultural Practices Harvest Tool Washing - Percent of Farms Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Knife : Machete : Clippers/ : Other tool : washed : washed : scissors : washed Crop : : : washed : category :------------------------------------------------------------------- : : :Don't: : :Don't: : :Don't: : :Don't : Yes : No :know : Yes : No :know : Yes : No :know : Yes : No :know -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of farms : ALL FRUIT : 44 12 44 2/ 2/ 2/ 49 29 22 95 4 1 : ALL : VEGETABLES : 78 15 6 * * * 81 13 6 53 33 14 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting using knife, machete, clippers/scissors, other harvest tools in 1999. 2/ Not applicable. Grower Agricultural Practices Harvest Tool Washing Frequency - Percent of Farms Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop : Harvest : Frequency of washing category : tool :---------------------------------------------------------- : : Daily : Weekly : Monthly :Per season : As needed : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : % of % of % of % of % of % of : : farms farms farms farms farms farms : : :Knife : 67 6 0 * 5 * : : ALL FRUIT :Machete : 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ : : :Clippers/: :scissors : 55 4 * 2 39 * : : :Other : 0 0 0 0 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : :Knife : 71 1 1/ 1 26 1 : : :Machete : * * * * * * ALL : : VEGETABLES :Clippers/: :scissors : 28 5 55 1/ 11 1/ : : :Other : 20 22 1 12 42 2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of growers reporting using knife, machete, clippers/scissors, other harvest tools in 1999. 3/ Not applicable. Grower Agricultural Practices Harvest Tool Sanitizing - Percent of Farms Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Knife : Machete : Clippers/ : Other tool : sanitized : sanitized : scissors : sanitized Crop : : : sanitized : category :------------------------------------------------------------------- : : :Don't: : :Don't: : :Don't: : :Don't : Yes : No :know : Yes : No :know : Yes : No :know : Yes : No :know -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of farms : ALL FRUIT : * * * 2/ 2/ 2/ 30 37 33 * 98 * : ALL : VEGETABLES : 53 34 13 * * * 24 25 51 5 62 33 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting using knife, machete, clippers/scissors, other harvest tools in 1999. 2/ Not applicable. Grower Agricultural Practices Harvest Tool Sanitizing Frequency - Percent of Farms Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop : Harvest : Frequency of sanitizing category : tool :---------------------------------------------------------- : : Daily : Weekly : Monthly :Per season : As needed : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : % of farms : : :Knife : * * * * * * : : ALL FRUIT :Machete : 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ : : :Clippers/: :scissors : 8 1/ 1 35 2 7 : : :Other : 24 17 0 0 59 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : :Knife : 73 3 1/ 1/ 22 2 : : :Machete : * * * * * * ALL : : VEGETABLES :Clippers/: :scissors : 12 1 0 1 3 2 : : :Other : 35 4 0 37 0 25 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of growers reporting using knife, machete, clippers/scissors, other harvest tools in 1999. 3/ Not applicable. Grower Agricultural Practices Harvest Equipment Used - Percent of Farms Fruit Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Harvest :----------------------------------------------------------- equipment : Apples : Avocados :Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Buckets or pans : 21 10 85 7 50 : Bins : 79 97 60 84 7 : Bags : 64 82 8 71 30 : Boxes : 18 1 40 31 54 : Retail packages : 7 1/ 8 1 80 : Tables : * 6 7 7 45 : Washing tubs : 1 0 11 4 0 : Wagons or trailers : 27 23 41 22 9 : Trucks : 34 73 48 63 70 : Other : 25 17 31 3 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Harvest :----------------------------------------------------------- equipment : Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines : Raisin : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Buckets or pans : 26 6 0 97 17 : Bins : 88 82 98 59 74 : Bags : 0 82 65 0 73 : Boxes : 0 12 2 * 20 : Retail packages : 0 2 2 0 1/ : Tables : 0 0 1 0 0 : Washing tubs : 0 0 1 0 0 : Wagons or trailers : 7 40 33 0 51 : Trucks : 89 48 83 50 55 : Other : 6 6 41 1 4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Grower Agricultural Practices Harvest Equipment Used - Percent of Farms (continued) Fruit Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Harvest :----------------------------------------------------------- equipment : Oranges :Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : Buckets or pans : 4 38 11 12 2 20 : Bins : 87 53 89 82 86 79 : Bags : 76 38 82 74 67 57 : Boxes : 16 22 9 16 16 17 : Retail packages : 2 18 2 2 3 7 : Tables : 3 1 1 1/ 3 3 : Washing tubs : 0 1/ 1/ 0 2 1 : Wagons or trailers : 33 53 25 43 18 30 : Trucks : 76 36 42 68 69 52 : Other : 9 14 49 3 7 16 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. Grower Agricultural Practices Harvest Equipment Used - Percent of Acres Fruit Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Harvest :----------------------------------------------------------- equipment : Apples : Avocados :Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : Buckets or pans : 21 9 89 3 72 : Bins : 90 97 71 81 13 : Bags : 72 83 5 85 40 : Boxes : 9 1 36 63 46 : Retail packages : 3 1/ 3 1 71 : Tables : * 6 6 2 73 : Washing tubs : 1 0 16 1 0 : Wagons or trailers : 40 42 55 19 5 : Trucks : 51 63 53 88 85 : Other : 27 14 25 * 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Harvest :----------------------------------------------------------- equipment : Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines : Raisin : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : Buckets or pans : 46 4 0 99 10 : Bins : 78 92 99 98 83 : Bags : 0 89 64 0 84 : Boxes : 0 4 2 * 14 : Retail packages : 0 1 1/ 0 1/ : Tables : 0 0 5 0 0 : Washing tubs : 0 0 5 0 0 : Wagons or trailers : 9 42 38 0 37 : Trucks : 80 60 80 71 57 : Other : 6 6 45 1/ 5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Grower Agricultural Practices Harvest Equipment Used - Percent of Acres (continued) Fruit Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Harvest :----------------------------------------------------------- equipment : Oranges :Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres acres : Buckets or pans : 5 31 18 7 4 20 : Bins : 78 69 97 89 87 79 : Bags : 78 50 80 69 75 62 : Boxes : 25 16 2 25 10 20 : Retail packages : 1 8 1 1/ 2 4 : Tables : 1 1 1/ 1/ 1/ 4 : Washing tubs : 0 1/ 1/ 0 1/ 1 : Wagons or trailers : 28 65 33 51 26 31 : Trucks : 73 35 55 68 68 61 : Other : 9 16 51 9 17 14 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. Grower Agricultural Practices Harvest Equipment Used - Percent of Farms Vegetable Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Harvest :--------------------------------------------------------------- equipment : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Buckets or pans : 0 * * * 3 : Bins : 18 16 21 * 7 : Bags : 1 13 2 * 3 : Boxes : 44 53 55 * 59 : Retail packages : 52 34 26 * 29 : Tables : 21 * 2 * 21 : Washing tubs : 1 1 0 * 11 : Wagons or : trailers : 50 39 20 29 52 : Trucks : 40 24 25 51 10 : Other : 7 7 9 32 8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Harvest :--------------------------------------------------------------- equipment : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Buckets or pans : 0 62 0 1 1/ : Bins : 4 18 * 35 14 : Bags : 7 7 * 5 12 : Boxes : 72 43 * 55 51 : Retail packages : 27 17 * 44 51 : Tables : 10 8 * 1 * : Washing tubs : 7 11 * 1/ * : Wagons or : trailers : 65 24 33 10 41 : Trucks : 36 28 75 34 39 : Other : 3 8 * * 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Grower Agricultural Practices Harvest Equipment Used - Percent of Farms (continued) Vegetable Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) :--------------------------------------------------------------- Harvest : Onions, : Peppers, : Straw- : Tomatoes : Water- : All equipment : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons : Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : Buckets or pans : 16 44 17 69 3 25 : Bins : 29 18 5 24 19 19 : Bags : 29 6 * 5 1/ 7 : Boxes : 23 21 32 22 6 37 : Retail packages : 7 39 80 19 9 31 : Tables : 5 7 2 7 1 7 : Washing tubs : * 8 1/ 5 * 4 : Wagons or : trailers : 16 19 5 23 49 29 : Trucks : 47 33 19 28 62 34 : Other : 47 12 13 7 1 10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. Grower Agricultural Practices Harvest Equipment Used - Percent of Acres Vegetable Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Harvest :--------------------------------------------------------------- equipment : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : Buckets or pans : 0 2 * * 1/ : Bins : 15 28 18 * 2 : Bags : 1 11 2 * 8 : Boxes : 44 38 63 * 61 : Retail packages : 52 23 29 * 35 : Tables : 19 * 8 * 11 : Washing tubs : 1/ 1/ 0 * 5 : Wagons or : trailers : 55 46 12 62 42 : Trucks : 39 20 29 65 5 : Other : 4 2 6 36 14 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Harvest :--------------------------------------------------------------- equipment : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : Buckets or pans : 0 63 0 1/ 1/ : Bins : 5 45 * 31 10 : Bags : 7 2 * 3 11 : Boxes : 75 22 * 37 52 : Retail packages : 49 13 * 63 53 : Tables : 18 3 * 1 * : Washing tubs : 11 7 * 1/ * : Wagons or : trailers : 64 31 32 4 33 : Trucks : 39 29 71 48 34 : Other : 2 1 * * 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Grower Agricultural Practices Harvest Equipment Used - Percent of Acres (continued) Vegetable Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) :--------------------------------------------------------------- Harvest : Onions, : Peppers, : Straw- : Tomatoes : Water- : All equipment : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons : Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres acres : Buckets or pans : 8 62 6 89 1/ 35 : Bins : 15 54 18 60 29 35 : Bags : 69 1 * 3 2 7 : Boxes : 10 5 42 4 6 22 : Retail packages : 14 15 94 1 13 24 : Tables : 6 5 2 4 3 5 : Washing tubs : * 2 1/ 5 * 3 : Wagons or : trailers : 12 21 10 76 46 44 : Trucks : 64 40 37 57 71 48 : Other : 23 3 16 1 1/ 5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. Grower Agricultural Practices Harvest Equipment Washing - Percent of Farms Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ALL FRUIT : ALL VEGETABLES :------------------------------------------------------- Harvest equipment : Equipment washed : Equipment washed :------------------------------------------------------- : Yes : No : Don't know : Yes : No : Don't know -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of farms : Buckets or pans : 63 29 9 70 20 10 : Bins : 50 38 12 71 25 4 : Bags : 29 49 22 10 76 13 : Boxes : 49 44 7 12 53 33 : Tables : 84 * * 67 23 10 : Washing tubs : 94 3 3 97 * * : Wagons or trailers : 53 30 17 68 21 11 : Trucks : 44 32 23 67 25 9 : Other : 50 41 9 50 31 19 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting use of specified harvest equipment in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Harvest Equipment Washing Frequency - Percent of Farms Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Frequency of washing Crop : Harvest :--------------------------------------------------------- category :equipment : After : : : : Per : As : : :each use: Daily :Weekly :Monthly :season :needed : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : % of farms : : : Buckets : : or pans : 13 18 13 4 19 33 1 : : : Bins : 31 5 16 1 21 25 1 : : : Bags : 15 6 8 2 22 45 2 : : : Boxes : 59 3 5 0 11 21 1 ALL FRUIT : : : Tables : 7 7 8 1/ 4 73 1/ : : : Washing : : tubs : 22 21 1 1 3 51 0 : : : Wagons or: : trailers : 6 3 7 2 13 69 1/ : : : Trucks : 22 3 6 9 4 56 1/ : : : Other : 11 3 5 3 16 61 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Buckets : : or pans : 20 26 13 1/ 3 37 1 : : : Bins : 43 20 3 1/ 4 30 1/ : : : Bags : 4 40 0 0 1/ 48 9 : : : Boxes : 25 11 7 1/ 7 49 1/ ALL : : VEGETABLES : Tables : 4 72 3 1/ 1 21 0 : : : Washing : : tubs : 17 55 2 1/ 2 23 1/ : : : Wagons or: : trailers : 10 33 10 1 2 45 1/ : : : Trucks : 13 13 18 1/ 2 53 1/ : : : Other : 16 21 7 2 5 48 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of growers reporting washing specified harvest equipment in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Harvest Equipment Sanitizing - Percent of Farms Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ALL FRUIT : ALL VEGETABLES Harvest equipment :------------------------------------------------------- : Equipment sanitized : Equipment sanitized :------------------------------------------------------- : Yes : No : Don't know : Yes : No : Don't know -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of Farms : Buckets or pans : 24 59 17 27 54 18 : Bins : 33 50 18 48 43 9 : Bags : 20 52 28 10 75 14 : Boxes : 37 52 11 5 59 35 : Tables : 70 22 7 48 39 12 : Washing tubs : 28 65 6 68 22 10 : Wagons or trailers : 31 55 14 15 56 29 : Trucks : 18 55 27 16 68 16 : Other : 12 75 14 16 58 26 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting use of specified harvest equipment in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Harvest Equipment Sanitizing Frequency - Percent of Farms Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Frequency of sanitizing Crop : Harvest :--------------------------------------------------------- category :equipment : After : : : : Per : As : : :each use: Daily :Weekly :Monthly :season :needed : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : % of farms : : : Buckets : : or pans : 8 16 17 9 28 21 1 : : : Bins : 28 5 23 1 23 19 1/ : : : Bags : 19 6 11 1 31 32 1/ : : : Boxes : 85 3 1 0 6 5 1 ALL FRUIT : : : Tables : 2 7 12 1/ 4 76 0 : : : Washing : : tubs : 7 30 0 3 9 51 0 : : : Wagons or: : trailers : 26 4 1 1/ 30 39 1/ : : : Trucks : 29 2 19 1/ 26 23 1/ : : : Other : 6 10 1 2 3 77 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Buckets : : or pans : 15 21 27 1/ 6 29 2 : : : Bins : 55 19 3 0 4 19 1/ : : : Bags : 20 38 0 0 1 41 0 : : : Boxes : 20 25 6 0 8 41 1 ALL : : VEGETABLES : Tables : 3 85 4 1/ 1/ 8 0 : : : Washing : : tubs : 11 65 4 1/ 2 18 0 : : : Wagons or: : trailers : 22 60 5 1 3 8 0 : : : Trucks : 3 5 66 1/ 1 25 0 : : : Other : 14 9 * 6 5 59 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of growers reporting sanitizing specified harvest equipment in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Where the Crop was Packed - Percent of Farms Fruit Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Where the crop :----------------------------------------------------------- was packed : Apples : Avocados :Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : In the field: : Field packed : directly into : retail packages : 7 1/ 8 1 96 : Field packed using: a mobile packing : unit : 1/ 0 1/ 0 * : On-farm packing : facility : 30 1/ 18 14 * : Off-farm packing : facility : 63 100 73 85 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Where the crop :----------------------------------------------------------- was packed : Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines : Raisin : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : In the field: : Field packed : directly into : retail packages : 0 2 2 0 1/ : Field packed using: a mobile packing : unit : 0 0 0 0 0 : On-farm packing : facility : 0 19 6 1 39 : Off-farm packing : facility : 100 79 91 99 61 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Where the crop :----------------------------------------------------------- was packed : Oranges :Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : In the field: : Field packed : directly into : retail packages : 2 18 2 2 3 7 : Field packed using: a mobile packing : unit : 0 6 1/ 0 0 1 : On-farm packing : facility : 3 46 13 33 9 16 : Off-farm packing : facility : 95 30 84 65 88 77 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. Grower Agricultural Practices Where the Crop was Packed - Percent of Acres Fruit Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Where the crop :----------------------------------------------------------- was packed : Apples : Avocados :Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : In the field: : Field packed : directly into : retail packages : 3 1/ 3 1 97 : Field packed : using a mobile : packing unit : 1/ 0 1/ 0 * : On-farm : packing facility : 27 1/ 19 6 * : Off-farm : packing facility : 70 100 78 94 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Where the crop :----------------------------------------------------------- was packed : Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines : Raisin : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : In the field: : Field packed : directly into : retail packages : 0 1 1/ 0 1/ : Field packed : using a mobile : packing unit : 0 0 0 0 0 : On-farm : packing facility : 0 22 7 1/ 35 : Off-farm : packing facility : 100 77 93 100 65 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Where the crop :----------------------------------------------------------- was packed : Oranges :Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres acres : In the field: : Field packed : directly into : retail packages : 1 8 1 1/ 2 4 : Field packed : using a mobile : packing unit : 0 5 1/ 0 0 1/ : On-farm : packing facility : 1 63 5 46 13 12 : Off-farm : packing facility : 98 25 94 54 85 83 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. Grower Agricultural Practices Where the Crop was Packed - Percent of Farms Vegetable Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Where the crop :------------------------------------------------------------- was packed : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots :Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : In the field: : Field packed : directly into : retail packages : 45 41 16 * 36 : Field packed : using a mobile : packing unit : 32 6 26 * 23 : On-farm : packing facility : 10 37 23 64 20 : Off-farm : packing facility : 13 16 34 29 20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Where the crop :------------------------------------------------------------- was packed : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : In the field: : Field packed : directly into : retail packages : 51 17 * 49 49 : Field packed : using a mobile : packing unit : 17 1 * 5 8 : On-farm : packing facility : 17 56 * 26 28 : Off-farm : packing facility : 16 26 * 20 15 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Where the crop :------------------------------------------------------------- was packed : Onions, :Peppers, : Straw- : Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons :Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : In the field: : Field packed : directly into : retail packages : 10 35 83 17 16 32 : Field packed : using a mobile : packing unit : 5 3 1/ 2 10 8 : On-farm : packing facility : 61 41 14 41 55 36 : Off-farm : packing facility : 24 21 3 39 19 23 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. Grower Agricultural Practices Where the Crop was Packed - Percent of Acres Vegetable Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Where the crop :------------------------------------------------------------- was packed : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots :Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : In the field: : Field packed : directly into : retail packages : 52 23 19 * 35 : Field packed : using a mobile : packing unit : 23 12 49 * 26 : On-farm : packing facility : 17 32 4 18 18 : Off-farm : packing facility : 7 33 28 81 21 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Where the crop :------------------------------------------------------------- was packed : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : In the field: : Field packed : directly into : retail packages : 49 13 * 63 53 : Field packed : using a mobile : packing unit : 23 4 * 4 13 : On-farm : packing facility : 23 52 * 19 27 : Off-farm : packing facility : 4 31 * 14 8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Where the crop :------------------------------------------------------------- was packed : Onions, :Peppers, : Straw- : Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons :Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres acres : In the field: : Field packed : directly into : retail packages : 14 15 94 1 13 24 : Field packed : using a mobile : packing unit : 2 1 1/ 1/ 9 8 : On-farm : packing facility : 62 48 5 5 45 22 : Off-farm : packing facility : 23 37 1/ 93 33 46 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. Grower Agricultural Practices Percent of Harvest Workers Working Entire Harvest Season Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados :Cherries,:Grapefruit :Grapes,:Grapes,:Kiwifruit : Lemons : : Sweet : : Table :Raisin : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of workers 71 85 72 88 76 83 87 85 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Limes :Nectarines: Oranges : Peaches : Pears : Plums :Tangerines:All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of workers 95 79 72 78 82 65 79 76 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting hired harvest workers in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Percent of Harvest Workers Working Entire Harvest Season Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli:Cabbage :Cantaloups:Carrots:Cauliflower:Celery : Cucumbers :Honeydews ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of workers 67 86 80 82 63 92 79 89 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Lettuce, :Lettuce, :Onions, :Peppers,: Straw- :Tomatoes: Water- : All Head : Other : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons :Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of workers 76 84 79 74 66 83 82 79 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting hired harvest workers in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Harvest Workers: Method of Pay - Percent of Farms Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Method of pay :----------------------------------------------------------- : Apples : Avocados :Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Hourly : 34 50 25 18 * : Piece work : 64 64 82 81 33 : Salary : * 2 2 * 20 : Other : 13 * 4 3 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Method of pay :----------------------------------------------------------- : Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines : Raisin : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Hourly : 38 39 21 6 93 : Piece work : 49 44 83 90 26 : Salary : 6 * * 7 * : Other : 13 19 0 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Method of pay :----------------------------------------------------------- : Oranges :Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : Hourly : 13 73 21 89 13 34 : Piece work : 96 19 75 13 86 67 : Salary : 2 7 1 2 * 3 : Other : * 14 * 5 7 7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting hired harvest workers in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Harvest Workers: Method of Pay - Percent of Farms Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Method of pay :--------------------------------------------------------------- : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Hourly : 87 62 38 61 87 : Piece work : 53 24 11 12 15 : Salary : * 2 1 * 5 : Other : 3 21 51 30 6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Method of pay :--------------------------------------------------------------- : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Hourly : 73 52 82 71 62 : Piece work : 66 28 1 54 84 : Salary : * 8 17 1 * : Other : 0 16 12 * * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Method of pay :--------------------------------------------------------------- : Onions, : Peppers, : Straw- : Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons : Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : Hourly : 48 68 44 44 40 52 : Piece work : 20 29 51 29 23 29 : Salary : 4 3 3 6 3 5 : Other : 34 23 * 28 37 25 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting hired harvest workers in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Supervisor of Harvest Workers - Percent of Farms Fruit Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Supervisor of :----------------------------------------------------------- harvest workers : : : : : : Apples : Avocados :Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Farm owner, : operator or : manager : 90 50 76 45 61 : Labor contractor/ : crew chief : 18 56 34 52 62 : Packer, shipper or : processor : 1/ 7 * 5 0 : Other : 2 0 1 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Supervisor of :----------------------------------------------------------- harvest workers : Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines : Raisin : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Farm owner, : operator or : manager : 46 50 14 9 29 : Labor contractor/ : crew chief : 57 46 93 86 58 : Packer, shipper or : processor : * 8 1 5 9 : Other : 0 0 0 0 16 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Supervisor of :----------------------------------------------------------- harvest workers : Oranges :Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : Farm owner, : operator or : manager : 33 80 92 28 20 57 : Labor contractor/ : crew chief : 69 27 17 62 78 47 : Packer, shipper or : processor : 3 5 1/ 12 2 3 : Other : 0 2 1 * 1 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of growers reporting hired harvest workers in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Supervisor of Harvest Workers - Percent of Farms Vegetable Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Supervisor : Target Vegetable Crop of harvest :--------------------------------------------------------------- workers : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Farm owner, : operator or : manager : 47 86 82 86 67 : Labor : contractor/ : crew chief : 58 16 14 8 28 : Packer, : shipper or : processor : 8 1 2 7 * : Other : 0 1 * 1/ 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Supervisor :--------------------------------------------------------------- of harvest : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, workers : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Farm owner, : operator or : manager : 56 89 58 41 21 : Labor : contractor/ : crew chief : 31 15 40 47 76 : Packer, : shipper or : processor : 16 1/ 3 16 9 : Other : 0 1 8 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Supervisor :--------------------------------------------------------------- of harvest : Onions, :Peppers, : Straw- : Tomatoes : Water- : All workers : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons : Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : Farm owner, : operator or : manager : 70 89 95 72 77 80 : Labor : contractor/ : crew chief : 27 10 6 22 25 19 : Packer, : shipper or : processor : 1 1/ 1/ 1 1 2 : Other : * 1 2 * * 4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of growers reporting hired harvest workers in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Provided Food Safety Related Training - Percent of Farms Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : Sweet : : Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of farms farms farms farms farms 88 96 90 93 97 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines Raisin : : : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of farms farms farms farms farms 94 71 100 100 100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Oranges : Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of farms farms farms farms farms farms 97 91 95 96 91 93 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting hired harvest workers in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Provided Food Safety Related Training - Percent of Farms Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of farms farms farms farms farms 100 79 77 78 98 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : Head : Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of farms farms farms farms farms 100 81 96 95 100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, :Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of farms farms farms farms farms farms 69 79 91 78 53 79 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting hired harvest workers in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Food Safety Training Topics for Workers - Percent of Farms Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Food safety topic :----------------------------------------------------------- : Apples : Avocados :Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Personal hygiene : 57 86 50 66 95 : Protective measures : for cuts and sores : 56 84 59 75 81 : Produce quality : 84 92 84 88 94 : Keeping produce : clean : 78 82 86 81 79 : Equipment cleaning : or sanitizing : 32 60 44 44 74 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Food safety topic :----------------------------------------------------------- : Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines : Raisin : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Personal hygiene : 52 58 54 97 97 : Protective measures : for cuts and sores : 56 41 49 97 59 : Produce quality : 81 64 100 100 98 : Keeping produce : clean : 75 64 42 100 86 : Equipment cleaning : or sanitizing : 49 24 32 100 32 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Food safety topic :----------------------------------------------------------- : Oranges :Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : Personal hygiene : 67 73 53 96 54 64 : Protective measures : for cuts and sores : 76 62 57 68 78 65 : Produce quality : 89 88 93 92 63 87 : Keeping produce : clean : 82 84 88 91 82 80 : Equipment cleaning : or sanitizing : 37 48 36 57 33 41 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting harvest workers received food safety training in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Food Safety Training Topics for Workers - Percent of Farms Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Food safety :--------------------------------------------------------------- topic : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Personal : hygiene : 92 63 61 62 76 : Protective : measures for : cuts and sores : 92 60 68 69 78 : Produce quality : 94 73 76 76 95 : Keeping : produce clean : 94 74 73 76 94 : Equipment : cleaning or : sanitizing : 76 48 56 59 78 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Food safety :--------------------------------------------------------------- topic : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Personal : hygiene : 95 59 78 85 98 : Protective : measures for : cuts and sores : 100 60 68 85 98 : Produce quality : 100 72 87 91 100 : Keeping : produce clean : 99 75 85 92 100 : Equipment : cleaning or : sanitizing : 73 55 62 79 92 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Food safety :--------------------------------------------------------------- topic : Onions, : Peppers, : Straw- : Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons : Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : Personal : hygiene : 53 66 64 59 32 60 : Protective : measures for : cuts and sores : 58 60 58 51 25 58 : Produce quality : 63 75 89 72 49 74 : Keeping : produce clean : 60 74 84 64 44 72 : Equipment : cleaning or : sanitizing : 50 56 40 44 22 50 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting harvest workers received food safety training in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Type of Training for Food Safety - Percent of Farms Fruit Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Type of training :----------------------------------------------------------- : Apples : Avocados :Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Classroom : 11 23 13 18 6 : Informal group : 94 95 95 99 97 : Written materials : 24 31 22 9 32 : Video : 14 14 11 9 * : Audio cassette : 3 1/ 6 6 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Type of training :----------------------------------------------------------- : Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines : Raisin : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Classroom : 19 7 16 25 7 : Informal group : 86 95 100 75 99 : Written materials : * 23 41 26 14 : Video : 0 2 17 25 11 : Audio cassette : 0 0 0 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Type of training :----------------------------------------------------------- : Oranges :Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : Classroom : 17 14 10 13 * 15 : Informal group : 99 96 93 91 98 95 : Written materials : 30 21 37 27 18 25 : Video : 19 14 11 8 11 13 : Audio cassette : * 3 5 0 4 2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of growers reporting harvest workers received food safety training in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Type of Training for Food Safety - Percent of Farms Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Type of :--------------------------------------------------------------- training : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Classroom : 12 21 1 24 8 : Informal group : 95 93 99 97 99 : Written : materials : 52 19 13 25 31 : Video : 18 16 8 25 18 : Audio cassette : 7 * 1 10 2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Type of :--------------------------------------------------------------- training : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Classroom : 33 13 * 30 18 : Informal group : 100 97 76 87 95 : Written : materials : 67 20 39 43 56 : Video : 11 11 40 43 30 : Audio cassette : 0 * * * 5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Type of :--------------------------------------------------------------- training : Onions, : Peppers, : Straw- : Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons : Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : Classroom : 19 17 10 19 7 15 : Informal group : 94 95 95 95 90 95 : Written : materials : 30 17 21 19 7 22 : Video : 17 13 11 14 3 14 : Audio cassette : 4 3 2 3 * 3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting harvest workers received food safety training in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Person who Provided Food Safety Training - Percent of Farms Fruit Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Person who provided:----------------------------------------------------------- the training : Apples : Avocados :Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Farm owner, : operator or manager : 91 70 77 33 55 : Labor contractor/ : crew chief : 14 52 34 58 58 : Packer, shipper : or processor : 1/ 13 * 15 0 : Other : 4 3 3 2 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Person who provided:----------------------------------------------------------- the training : Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines : Raisin : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Farm owner, : operator or manager : 42 46 11 9 25 : Labor contractor/ : crew chief : 66 42 47 66 73 : Packer, shipper : or processor : * 14 47 25 14 : Other : 0 * 0 0 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Person who provided:----------------------------------------------------------- the training : Oranges :Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : Farm owner, : operator or manager : 45 77 92 35 21 60 : Labor contractor/ : crew chief : 58 31 16 61 73 44 : Packer, shipper : or processor : 7 7 * 12 6 7 : Other : * * 4 2 1 2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of growers reporting harvest workers received food safety training in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Person who Provided Food Safety Training - Percent of Farms Vegetable Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Person who : Target Vegetable Crop provided the :--------------------------------------------------------------- training : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Farm owner, : operator : or manager : 49 85 83 85 68 : Labor : contractor/ : crew chief : 57 17 20 9 27 : Packer, shipper : or processor : 11 1 3 10 * : Other : 5 4 1 4 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Person who : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) provided the :--------------------------------------------------------------- training : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Farm owner, : operator : or manager : 66 84 73 42 21 : Labor : contractor/ : crew chief : 21 17 20 50 74 : Packer, shipper : or processor : 17 1/ 7 17 18 : Other : 2 7 20 11 3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Person who : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) provided the :--------------------------------------------------------------- training : Onions, : Peppers, : Straw- : Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons : Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : Farm owner, : operator : or manager : 55 87 95 74 79 78 : Labor : contractor/ : crew chief : 33 13 6 27 23 21 : Packer, shipper : or processor : 2 1 1/ 2 1 3 : Other : 12 * 5 3 2 5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of growers reporting harvest workers received food safety training in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Training Language - Percent of Farms Fruit Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Training :--------------------------------------------------------------- language : Apples : Avocados : Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : English : 89 58 85 84 53 : Spanish : 54 99 74 88 88 : German : 1/ 0 0 0 0 : Hmong : 0 0 0 0 0 : Philipino : 0 0 0 0 8 : Pun Jabi : 0 0 0 0 1/ : Sign : 0 0 0 0 0 : Russian : 0 0 0 0 0 : French : 1/ 0 0 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Training :--------------------------------------------------------------- language : Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines : Raisin : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : English : 78 62 53 88 47 : Spanish : 65 81 100 97 100 : German : 0 0 0 0 0 : Hmong : 0 0 0 0 0 : Philipino : 0 0 0 0 0 : Pun Jabi : 0 0 0 0 0 : Sign : 0 0 0 0 0 : Russian : 0 0 0 0 0 : French : 0 0 0 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Grower Agricultural Practices Training Language - Percent of Farms (continued) Fruit Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Training :--------------------------------------------------------------- language : Oranges : Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : English : 78 80 92 55 84 78 : Spanish : 87 69 66 97 91 77 : German : 0 1/ 0 0 0 1/ : Hmong : 0 0 0 0 0 0 : Philipino : 0 1/ 0 1/ 0 1/ : Pun Jabi : 0 0 0 0 0 1/ : Sign : 0 0 0 1/ 0 1/ : Russian : 0 0 0 0 0 0 : French : 0 0 1/ 0 0 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of growers reporting harvest workers received food safety training in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Training Language - Percent of Farms Vegetable Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Training :--------------------------------------------------------------- language : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : English : 53 82 85 88 76 : Spanish : 85 55 36 47 63 : German : 0 1/ 0 0 * : Hmong : 0 1/ 0 1/ 0 : Philipino : 0 0 0 0 0 : Pun Jabi : 0 0 0 5 0 : Sign : 0 0 0 0 0 : Russian : 0 1/ 0 0 0 : French : 0 0 0 0 0 : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Training :--------------------------------------------------------------- language : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : English : 64 78 76 46 49 : Spanish : 79 66 99 82 95 : German : 0 0 0 0 0 : Hmong : 0 0 0 0 0 : Philipino : 0 0 0 0 0 : Pun Jabi : 0 0 0 0 0 : Sign : 0 0 0 0 0 : Russian : 0 0 0 0 0 : French : 0 0 0 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Grower Agricultural Practices Training Language - Percent of Farms (continued) Vegetable Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Training :--------------------------------------------------------------- language : Onions, : Peppers, : Straw- : Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons : Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : English : 75 62 77 87 79 77 : Spanish : 60 70 46 57 41 58 : German : 1/ 0 1/ * 0 1/ : Hmong : 1/ 0 1/ 0 0 1/ : Philipino : 0 0 0 0 0 0 : Pun Jabi : 0 0 0 0 0 1/ : Sign : 1/ 0 0 0 0 1/ : Russian : 0 0 1/ 0 0 1/ : French : 0 0 0 0 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of growers reporting harvest workers received food safety training in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Food Safety or Hygiene Signs Posted on Operation - Percent of Farms Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : Sweet : : Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 44 33 52 65 79 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines Raisin : : : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 55 32 92 22 68 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Oranges : Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 81 57 56 85 77 61 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting hired harvest workers in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Food Safety or Hygiene Signs Posted on Operation - Percent of Farms Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 87 47 28 46 67 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : Head : Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 69 48 32 87 98 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, :Strawberries : Tomatoes : Water- : All Bulb : Bell : : : melons : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of farms farms farms farms farms farms 43 40 43 39 19 43 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting hired harvest workers in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Trace Back Information on Crop Shipped from Farm to Packer - Percent of Farms Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : Sweet : : Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 77 56 84 * 85 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines Raisin : : : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 100 72 75 * 88 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Oranges : Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms * 74 89 88 * 75 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting not packing their production in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Trace Back Information on Crop Shipped from Farm to Packer - Percent of Acres Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : Sweet : : Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres 92 76 83 * 94 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines Raisin : : : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres 100 87 88 * 93 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Oranges : Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres * 93 91 91 * 90 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting not packing their production in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Type of Trace Back Info. on Crop Shipped from Farm to Packer - Percent of Farms Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Type of trace :----------------------------------------------------------- back information : Apples : Avocados :Cherries,: Grapefruit :Grapes, Table : : : Sweet : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Farm : 71 54 78 * 58 : Field/block : 39 26 31 * 67 : Date of harvest : 59 39 65 * 69 : Picker/harvester : 42 26 25 * 45 : Other : 32 3 32 * 11 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Type of trace :----------------------------------------------------------- back information : Grapes, : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines : Raisin : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : Farm : 95 58 55 * 85 : Field/block : 21 28 50 * 79 : Date of harvest : 56 44 51 * 82 : Picker/harvester : 10 23 36 * 16 : Other : 39 14 * * 26 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Type of trace :----------------------------------------------------------- back information : Oranges :Peaches : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : Farm : * 64 82 81 * 55 : Field/block : * 47 41 63 * 31 : Date of harvest : * 52 66 75 * 45 : Picker/harvester : * 19 52 14 * 21 : Other : * 19 41 14 * 20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting not packing their production in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Type of Trace Back Info. on Crop Shipped from Farm to Packer - Percent of Acres Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Type of trace :----------------------------------------------------------- back information : Apples : Avocados : Cherries, :Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : Farm : 86 74 79 * 87 : Field/block : 59 23 35 * 92 : Date of harvest : 79 55 62 * 92 : Picker/harvester : 63 19 25 * 86 : Other : 41 27 32 * 6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Type of trace :----------------------------------------------------------- back information : Grapes, :Kiwifruit : Lemons : Limes : Nectarines : Raisin : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : Farm : 98 76 81 * 90 : Field/block : 38 43 71 * 76 : Date of harvest : 42 63 80 * 82 : Picker/harvester : 17 32 43 * 36 : Other : 52 15 * * 21 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Type of trace :----------------------------------------------------------- back information : Oranges : Peaches : Pears : Plums :Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres acres : Farm : * 85 89 80 * 72 : Field/block : * 76 44 77 * 53 : Date of harvest : * 74 64 83 * 61 : Picker/harvester : * 51 43 34 * 36 : Other : * 22 37 18 * 25 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting not packing their production in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Trace Back Information on Crop Shipped from Farm to Packer - Percent of Farms Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of farms farms farms farms farms 83 41 44 43 64 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : Head : Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of farms farms farms farms farms 46 45 * 77 91 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Strawberries : Tomatoes : Water- : All Bulb : Bell : : : Melons : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms % of farms 31 55 39 41 18 43 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting not packing their production in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Trace Back Information on Crop Shipped from Farm to Packer - Percent of Acres Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres 99 48 85 54 93 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : Head : Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres 83 63 89 96 84 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Strawberries : Tomatoes : Water- : All Bulb : Bell : : : melons : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres % of acres 65 84 90 75 32 79 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting not packing their production in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Type of Trace Back Info. on Crop Shipped from Farm to Packer - Percent of Farms Vegetable Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Type of :--------------------------------------------------------------- trace back : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower information : : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Farm : 52 28 36 34 42 : Field/block : 57 8 21 36 53 : Date of harvest : 57 12 17 41 53 : Picker/harvester: 37 3 9 26 36 : Other : 31 11 11 15 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Type of :--------------------------------------------------------------- trace back : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, information : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms : Farm : 42 36 * 50 45 : Field/block : 42 7 * 48 68 : Date of harvest : 46 22 * 45 66 : Picker/harvester: 37 4 * 42 46 : Other : 0 3 * 25 11 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) :--------------------------------------------------------------- Type of : Onions, : Peppers, : Straw- : Tomatoes : Water- : All trace back : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons : Vegetables information : : : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : farms farms farms farms farms farms : Farm : 16 45 11 32 17 31 : Field/block : 13 26 11 25 2 20 : Date of harvest : 19 38 16 30 10 26 : Picker/harvester: 6 9 15 19 2 13 : Other : 1/ 1 12 8 10 8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of growers reporting not packing their production in 1999. Grower Agricultural Practices Type of Trace Back Info. on Crop Shipped from Farm to Packer - Percent of Acres Vegetable Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Type of trace :--------------------------------------------------------------- back information: Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : Farm : 55 30 50 53 29 : Field/block : 86 19 71 53 76 : Date of harvest : 86 15 49 47 76 : Picker/harvester: 51 13 42 19 74 : Other : 40 4 20 25 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Type of trace :--------------------------------------------------------------- back information: Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres : Farm : 78 39 83 68 49 : Field/block : 79 20 33 73 72 : Date of harvest : 83 27 21 73 61 : Picker/harvester: 67 11 6 68 47 : Other : 0 4 * 28 12 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Type of trace :--------------------------------------------------------------- back information: Onions, : Peppers, : Straw- : Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons : Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : acres acres acres acres acres acres : Farm : 31 70 55 69 31 57 : Field/block : 23 65 57 65 4 61 : Date of harvest : 24 67 67 70 6 60 : Picker/harvester: 13 22 48 60 6 47 : Other : 1/ 1 30 5 9 15 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of growers reporting not packing their production in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Reporting New Food Safety Requirements by Buyers of Fruit for Fresh Market - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados :Cherries, Sweet: Grapefruit : Grapes, Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 6 6 4 7 18 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Kiwifruit : Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 13 25 12 9 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers 5 12 4 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Packer Agricultural Practices Reporting New Food Safety Requirements by Buyers of Vegetables for Fresh Market - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 34 13 1 7 26 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews :Lettuce, Head : Lettuce, Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 48 1 10 36 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers packers 6 4 11 4 2 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Packer Agricultural Practices Labeled as Organically Grown - Percent of Volume Fruit Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, Sweet : Grapefruit : Grapes, Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume volume 7 1/ 1 1/ 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Kiwifruit : Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume volume 4 1/ 3 3 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume 1 3 1/ 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Less than one percent Packer Agricultural Practices Labeled as Organically Grown - Percent of Volume Vegetable Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- % of % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume volume 1/ 1 1/ 1/ 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews :Lettuce, Head : Lettuce, Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume volume 1 1 1/ 2 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, :Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume volume volume 1/ 1/ 1 1/ 1/ 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Less than one percent Packer Agricultural Practices Packed for Export - Percent of Volume Fruit Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, Sweet : Grapefruit : Grapes, Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume volume 21 22 37 37 26 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Kiwifruit : Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume volume 24 23 21 19 20 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of volume % of volume % of volume % of volume 29 30 13 23 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Packer Agricultural Practices Packed for Export - Percent of Volume Vegetable Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume volume 16 4 10 5 27 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews :Lettuce, Head : Lettuce, Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume volume 9 4 12 7 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, :Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume volume volume 8 9 12 9 6 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Packer Agricultural Practices Percent of Packing Workers Working Entire Packing Season Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, Sweet : Grapefruit : Grapes, Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of workers workers workers workers workers 85 80 71 86 67 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Kiwifruit : Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of workers workers workers workers workers 88 82 81 64 83 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of workers workers workers workers 74 78 85 76 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hired workers in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Percent of Packing Workers Working Entire Packing Season Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of workers % of workers % of workers % of workers % of workers 66 84 85 79 96 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews :Lettuce, Head : Lettuce, Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of workers % of workers % of workers % of workers % of workers 91 81 79 93 96 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, :Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of workers workers workers workers workers workers 84 87 63 77 86 75 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hired workers in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Provided Food Safety Related Training - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, Sweet : Grapefruit : Grapes, Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 78 87 84 99 94 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Kiwifruit : Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 95 100 100 99 86 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers 88 100 100 89 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hired workers in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Provided Food Safety Related Training - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 95 79 68 90 85 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews :Lettuce, Head : Lettuce, Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 98 80 100 98 100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, :Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers packers 78 93 87 76 67 82 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hired workers in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Food Safety Training Topics for Workers - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Food safety topic :------------------------------------------------------- : Apples : Avocados :Cherries,:Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Personal hygiene : 65 86 77 80 88 : Protective measures : for cuts and sores : 56 86 71 85 87 : Produce quality : 75 87 83 98 91 : Keeping produce clean : 72 86 81 96 93 : Equipment cleaning : or sanitizing : 60 65 63 98 86 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Food safety topic :------------------------------------------------------- :Kiwifruit : Lemons :Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Personal hygiene : 86 88 100 70 73 : Protective measures : for cuts and sores : 31 100 94 58 56 : Produce quality : 95 100 100 98 84 : Keeping produce clean : 91 100 100 95 84 : Equipment cleaning : or sanitizing : 44 100 92 89 52 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Food safety topic :------------------------------------------------------- : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers : Personal hygiene : 70 100 79 76 : Protective measures : for cuts and sores : 71 96 92 69 : Produce quality : 86 98 100 88 : Keeping produce clean : 83 100 100 86 : Equipment cleaning : or sanitizing : 78 89 100 73 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hired workers received food safety training in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Food Safety Training Topics for Workers - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Food safety topic :---------------------------------------------------------- : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots :Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Personal hygiene : 91 64 59 71 79 : Protective measures : for cuts and sores : 95 67 57 71 80 : Produce quality : 95 71 67 90 85 : Keeping produce clean: 95 70 66 77 85 : Equipment cleaning : or sanitizing : 89 55 35 84 76 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Food safety topic :---------------------------------------------------------- : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews :Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Personal hygiene : 93 66 88 90 100 : Protective measures : for cuts and sores : 98 63 62 92 99 : Produce quality : 98 80 100 98 99 : Keeping produce clean: 97 74 93 96 100 : Equipment cleaning : or sanitizing : 93 60 63 90 95 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Food safety topic :---------------------------------------------------------- : Onions, :Peppers, : Straw- :Tomatoes :Water- : All : Bulb : Bell :berries : :melons :Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers packers : Personal hygiene : 68 74 71 63 36 67 : Protective measures : for cuts and sores : 67 65 66 61 37 65 : Produce quality : 74 89 84 76 65 80 : Keeping produce clean: 75 75 82 73 58 76 : Equipment cleaning : or sanitizing : 68 63 47 57 41 60 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hired workers received food safety training in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Type of Training for Food Safety - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Type of training :----------------------------------------------------------- : Apples : Avocados : Cherries, :Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Classroom : 21 14 20 48 5 : Informal group : 89 100 90 98 100 : Written materials : 36 15 42 63 13 : Video : 15 11 13 52 3 : Audio cassette : 4 0 3 4 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Type of training :---------------------------------------------------------- :Kiwifruit : Lemons :Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Classroom : 18 79 27 33 16 : Informal group : 87 84 88 98 88 : Written materials : 19 62 41 46 20 : Video : * 58 30 30 12 : Audio cassette : 0 0 14 4 3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Type of training :---------------------------------------------------------- : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers : Classroom : 20 17 35 24 : Informal group : 97 97 96 93 : Written materials : 50 54 75 38 : Video : 13 21 48 21 : Audio cassette : 5 8 0 4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hired workers received food safety training in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Type of Training for Food Safety - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Type of training :----------------------------------------------------------- : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Classroom : 38 13 5 14 8 : Informal group : 100 93 99 96 98 : Written materials : 92 11 4 14 51 : Video : 14 11 9 * 20 : Audio cassette : 3 3 * 4 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Type of training :----------------------------------------------------------- : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Classroom : 20 19 10 12 83 : Informal group : 100 94 100 94 100 : Written materials : 72 34 25 47 5 : Video : 46 13 25 24 2 : Audio cassette : 12 * 7 4 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Type of training :----------------------------------------------------------- :Onions, :Peppers, : Straw- :Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons :Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of :packers packers packers packers packers packers : Classroom : 44 20 19 20 9 22 : Informal group : 94 95 95 95 94 95 : Written materials : 16 44 35 25 17 29 : Video : 10 19 18 16 5 15 : Audio cassette : 6 3 * * 0 4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hired workers received food safety training in 1999. Packers Agricultural Practices Person who Provided Food Safety Training - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Person who provided:----------------------------------------------------------- the training : Apples : Avocados : Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Farm owner, : operator or manager : 90 56 90 88 35 : Labor contractor/ : crew chief : 14 49 24 * 88 : Other : 11 1 6 2 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Person who provided:----------------------------------------------------------- the training : Kiwifruit : Lemons :Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Farm owner, : operator or manager : 95 84 89 95 94 : Labor contractor/ : crew chief : * 12 25 8 4 : Other : 5 21 5 9 5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Person who provided:----------------------------------------------------------- the training : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers : Farm owner, : operator or manager : 87 91 86 85 : Labor contractor/ : crew chief : 14 11 13 20 : Other : 12 5 14 7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting harvest workers received food safety training in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Person who Provided Food Safety Training - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Person who provided:----------------------------------------------------------- the training : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Farm owner, : operator or manager : 58 74 91 95 72 : Labor contractor/ : crew chief : 62 32 13 15 49 : Other : 3 7 4 4 3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Person who provided:----------------------------------------------------------- the training : Celery :Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Farm owner, : operator or manager : 73 97 76 83 94 : Labor contractor/ : crew chief : 51 12 31 37 6 : Other : 12 1 10 9 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Person who provided:----------------------------------------------------------- the training :Onions, :Peppers,: Straw- : Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell :berries : : melons : Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of :packers packers packers packers packers packers : Farm owner, : operator or manager : 87 85 93 97 81 87 : Labor contractor/ : crew chief : 14 24 13 10 25 21 : Other : 6 2 6 4 4 4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Percent based on number of growers reporting harvest workers received food safety training in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Training Language - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Training language :----------------------------------------------------------- : Apples : Avocados :Cherries, : Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : English : 95 89 95 80 47 : Spanish : 51 97 72 81 95 : German : 1/ 0 0 0 0 : Hmong : 0 0 0 0 0 : Philipino : 0 0 0 0 0 : Pun Jabi : 0 0 0 0 0 : Russian : 1 0 1 0 0 : French : 1/ 0 0 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Training language :----------------------------------------------------------- :Kiwifruit : Lemons :Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : English : 95 58 77 96 94 : Spanish : 37 96 99 57 29 : German : 0 0 0 0 1/ : Hmong : 0 0 0 0 0 : Philipino : 0 0 * 0 1/ : Pun Jabi : * 0 0 0 0 : Russian : 0 0 0 0 0 : French : 0 0 0 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Training language :----------------------------------------------------------- : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers : English : 98 88 96 90 : Spanish : 62 83 82 65 : German : 0 0 0 1/ : Hmong : 0 0 0 0 : Philipino : 0 0 0 1/ : Pun Jabi : 0 0 0 1/ : Russian : 1 0 0 1/ : French : 0 0 0 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hired workers received food safety training in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Training Language - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Training :--------------------------------------------------------------- language : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots :Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : English : 62 78 92 91 77 : Spanish : 100 60 75 64 87 : German : 0 0 0 0 2 : Hmong : 0 1/ 0 1 0 : Philipino : 0 0 0 0 0 : Pun Jabi : 0 0 0 0 0 : Russian : 0 0 0 0 0 : French : 0 0 0 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Training :--------------------------------------------------------------- language : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : English : 63 81 72 41 * : Spanish : 91 48 73 90 98 : German : 0 0 0 0 0 : Hmong : 0 0 0 0 0 : Philipino : 0 0 0 0 0 : Pun Jabi : 0 0 0 0 0 : Russian : 0 0 0 0 0 : French : 0 0 0 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Training :--------------------------------------------------------------- language : Onions, : Peppers, : Straw- : Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons :Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers packers : English : 60 81 72 93 90 75 : Spanish : 76 64 61 60 50 66 : German : 0 0 1/ 0 0 1/ : Hmong : 1/ 0 1/ 0 0 1/ : Philipino : 0 0 0 0 0 0 : Pun Jabi : 0 0 0 0 0 0 : Russian : 0 0 0 0 0 0 : French : 0 0 0 0 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hired workers received food safety training in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Food Safety or Hygiene Signs Posted on Operation - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, Sweet : Grapefruit : Grapes, Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 54 * 68 90 97 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Kiwifruit : Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 35 71 68 62 29 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers 61 57 65 56 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hired workers in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Food Safety or Hygiene Signs Posted on Operation - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 95 54 43 54 74 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews :Lettuce, Head : Lettuce, Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 91 48 65 71 * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, :Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers packers 31 60 51 42 33 49 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hired workers in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Responsible for Microbial Food Safety - Percent of Workers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados :Cherries, Sweet: Grapefruit : Grapes, Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of workers workers workers workers workers 3 10 2 3 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Kiwifruit : Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of workers workers workers workers workers 2 5 4 3 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of workers workers workers workers 3 3 3 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hired workers in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Responsible for Microbial Food Safety - Percent of Workers Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of workers workers workers workers workers 4 4 7 5 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews :Lettuce, Head : Lettuce, Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of workers workers workers workers workers 5 5 5 4 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, :Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of workers workers workers workers workers workers 4 3 4 3 4 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hired workers in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Monitored for Microbial Counts - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, Sweet : Grapefruit : Grapes, Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 39 * 55 62 93 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Kiwifruit : Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 27 96 55 57 36 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers 54 44 82 47 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. Packer Agricultural Practices Monitored for Microbial Counts - Percent of Volume Fruit Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados :Cherries, Sweet: Grapefruit : Grapes, Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume volume 89 * 76 88 95 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Kiwifruit : Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume volume 76 99 81 77 90 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume 72 86 84 84 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. Packer Agricultural Practices Monitored for Microbial Counts - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 78 40 55 57 69 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews :Lettuce, Head : Lettuce, Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 72 40 59 63 74 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, :Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers packers 27 37 44 33 * 40 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. Packer Agricultural Practices Monitored for Microbial Counts - Percent of Volume Vegetable Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume volume 99 66 81 95 96 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews :Lettuce, Head : Lettuce, Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume volume 79 75 86 93 94 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, :Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume volume volume 59 50 78 88 * 65 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. Packer Agricultural Practices Items Monitored for Microbial Counts - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Item :----------------------------------------------------------- monitored : Apples : Avocados : Cherries, :Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Equipment or food : contact surfaces : 53 97 69 66 23 : Produce : 71 16 79 76 96 : Water : 82 8 69 85 7 : Other : 4 8 16 * 3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Item :----------------------------------------------------------- monitored : Kiwifruit : Lemons :Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Equipment or food : contact surfaces : 67 70 34 83 75 : Produce : 50 79 91 59 82 : Water : 33 44 54 86 85 : Other : 0 39 0 12 6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Item :----------------------------------------------------------- monitored : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers : Equipment or food : contact surfaces : 64 42 78 62 : Produce : 66 92 74 75 : Water : 73 54 83 69 : Other : 5 0 * 10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting monitoring for microbial counts in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Items Monitored for Microbial Counts - Percent of Volume Fruit Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Item :----------------------------------------------------------- monitored : Apples : Avocados : Cherries, :Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : volume volume volume volume volume : Equipment or food : contact surfaces : 44 46 41 82 15 : Produce : 53 46 66 66 92 : Water : 86 27 75 85 8 : Other : 5 27 2 5 5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Item :----------------------------------------------------------- monitored : Kiwifruit : Lemons :Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : volume volume volume volume volume : Equipment or food : contact surfaces : 55 73 12 62 66 : Produce : 35 52 61 61 64 : Water : 49 39 49 70 85 : Other : 0 76 0 34 16 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Item :----------------------------------------------------------- monitored : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of volume % of volume % of volume % of volume : Equipment or food : contact surfaces : 44 12 73 52 : Produce : 53 74 62 58 : Water : 64 47 65 73 : Other : 5 0 * 17 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. Packer Agricultural Practices Items Monitored for Microbial Counts - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Item :----------------------------------------------------------- monitored : Broccoli : Cabbage :Cantaloups : Carrots :Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Equipment or food : contact surfaces : 82 41 75 78 72 : Produce : 62 72 88 79 84 : Water : 91 48 75 59 94 : Other : 29 6 17 11 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Item :----------------------------------------------------------- monitored : Celery :Cucumbers :Honeydews:Lettuce, Head:Lettuce, Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Equipment or food : contact surfaces : 69 66 68 85 52 : Produce : 78 71 77 88 48 : Water : 74 89 66 43 83 : Other : * 6 23 0 4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Item :----------------------------------------------------------- monitored :Onions, :Peppers, : Straw- :Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell :berries : : melons :Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of :packers packers packers packers packers packers : Equipment or food : contact surfaces : 70 54 44 59 58 61 : Produce : 79 84 74 69 77 75 : Water : 49 51 57 71 58 66 : Other : 9 10 11 7 30 12 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting monitoring for microbial counts in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Items Monitored for Microbial Counts - Percent of Volume Vegetable Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Item :----------------------------------------------------------- monitored : Broccoli : Cabbage :Cantaloups : Carrots :Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : volume volume volume volume volume : Equipment or food : contact surfaces : 75 26 57 76 99 : Produce : 85 63 46 70 68 : Water : 95 26 23 89 100 : Other : 69 1/ 22 12 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Item :----------------------------------------------------------- monitored : Celery :Cucumbers:Honeydews :Lettuce, Head:Lettuce, Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : volume volume volume volume volume : Equipment or food : contact surfaces : 50 66 78 92 78 : Produce : 44 62 51 100 76 : Water : 76 72 53 * 81 : Other : * 1 46 0 2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Item :----------------------------------------------------------- monitored : Onions, :Peppers, : Straw- :Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell :berries : : melons :Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : volume volume volume volume volume volume : Equipment or food : contact surfaces : 48 39 38 64 14 52 : Produce : 53 50 70 62 15 52 : Water : 37 40 50 87 9 41 : Other : 6 3 10 8 * 10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. Packer Agricultural Practices Glove Wear - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For operations : Target Fruit Crop requiring workers :-------------------------------------------------------- to touch produce, : Apples : Avocados :Cherries, :Grapefruit : Grapes, were gloves worn? : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Yes: : 46 71 47 77 45 For all : operations that : required touching : the produce 2/ : 51 35 52 83 * : For some : operations requiring : touching the : produce 2/ : 49 65 48 17 * : No : 54 29 53 23 55 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For operations : Target Fruit Crop (continued) requiring workers :-------------------------------------------------------- to touch produce, :Kiwifruit: Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches were gloves worn? : : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Yes: : 96 96 59 71 45 For all : operations that : required touching : the produce 2/ : 100 79 56 55 37 : For some : operations requiring : touching the : produce 2/ : 0 21 44 45 63 : No : 4 4 41 29 55 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For operations : Target Fruit Crop (continued) requiring workers :-------------------------------------------------------- to touch produce, : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit were gloves worn? : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers : Yes: : 53 50 79 57 For all : operations that : required touching : the produce 2/ : 64 69 50 55 : For some : operations requiring : touching the : produce 2/ : 36 31 50 45 : No : 46 50 21 44 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hired workers in 1999. 2/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hired workers wore gloves in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Glove Wear - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For operations : Target Vegetable Crop requiring workers :-------------------------------------------------------- to touch produce, : Broccoli : Cabbage :Cantaloups: Carrots :Cauliflower were gloves worn? : : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Yes: : 74 59 56 83 82 For all : operations that : required touching : the produce 2/ : 53 58 85 39 41 : For some : operations requiring : touching the : produce 2/ : 47 42 15 61 59 : No : 26 41 44 17 18 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For operations : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) requiring workers :-------------------------------------------------------- to touch produce, : Celery :Cucumbers :Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, were gloves worn? : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Yes: : 85 55 67 75 98 For all : operations that : required touching : the produce 2/ : 62 82 52 65 * : For some : operations requiring : touching the : produce 2/ : 38 18 48 35 * : No : 15 45 33 25 2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For operations : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) requiring workers :-------------------------------------------------------- to touch produce, :Onions, :Peppers,: Straw- :Tomatoes: Water- : All were gloves worn? : Bulb : Bell :berries : : melons :Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of :packers packers packers packers packers packers : Yes: : 57 54 43 45 22 54 For all : operations that : required touching : the produce 2/ : 81 61 42 69 43 65 : For some : operations requiring : touching the : produce 2/ : 19 39 58 31 57 35 : No : 43 46 57 55 77 46 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hired workers in 1999. 2/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hired workers wore gloves in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Wore Gloves if Handling Produce - Percent of Workers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, Sweet : Grapefruit : Grapes, Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of workers workers workers workers workers 59 69 59 65 62 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Kiwifruit : Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of workers workers workers workers workers 92 92 69 66 62 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of workers workers workers workers 66 41 34 62 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hired workers in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Wore Gloves if Handling Produce - Percent of Volume Fruit Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, Sweet : Grapefruit : Grapes, Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume volume 62 83 92 63 91 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Kiwifruit : Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume volume 100 100 73 95 68 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume 96 73 68 77 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Packer Agricultural Practices Wore Gloves if Handling Produce - Percent of Workers Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of workers workers workers workers workers 69 20 32 85 90 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, Head :Lettuce, Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of workers workers workers workers workers 77 52 23 88 98 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of workers workers workers workers workers workers 46 67 43 55 14 56 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hired workers in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Wore Gloves if Handling Produce - Percent of Volume Vegetable Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume volume 75 62 26 99 99 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews :Lettuce, Head : Lettuce, Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume volume 62 79 50 92 99 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume volume volume 70 95 81 91 20 60 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Packer Agricultural Practices Type of Glove Worn by Workers - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Type of glove :----------------------------------------------------------- : Apples : Avocados : Cherries, :Grapefruit :Grapes, Table : : : Sweet : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Thin latex : 27 5 78 15 0 : Medium/heavy : latex or rubber : 51 27 30 63 66 : Cotton or cloth : 60 68 18 73 38 : Metal or mesh : * * * * * : Other : 2 1 0 0 3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Type of glove :----------------------------------------------------------- :Kiwifruit: Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Thin latex : 9 17 48 18 18 : Medium/heavy : latex or rubber : 5 48 19 23 16 : Cotton or cloth : 90 65 72 86 76 : Metal or mesh : * * * * * : Other : 0 0 0 1 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Type of glove :----------------------------------------------------------- : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers : Thin latex : 26 24 44 25 : Medium/heavy : latex or rubber : 56 19 17 35 : Cotton or cloth : 89 69 73 68 : Metal or mesh : * * * * : Other : 0 0 0 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hired workers wore gloves in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Type of Glove Worn by Workers - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Type of glove :----------------------------------------------------------- : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots :Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Thin latex : 9 41 53 25 7 : Medium/heavy : latex or rubber : 82 60 28 68 64 : Cotton or cloth : 45 27 35 50 58 : Metal or mesh : 18 0 0 0 27 : Other : 4 1/ 4 2 18 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Type of glove :----------------------------------------------------------- : Celery :Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Thin latex : 26 46 24 42 11 : Medium/heavy : latex or rubber : 70 45 47 87 92 : Cotton or cloth : 26 33 61 0 1 : Metal or mesh : 6 0 0 0 0 : Other : 6 0 15 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Type of glove :----------------------------------------------------------- :Onions, :Peppers, : Straw- :Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell :berries : : melons :Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of :packers packers packers packers packers packers : Thin latex : 26 29 72 48 8 37 : Medium/heavy : latex or rubber : 68 54 32 40 21 54 : Cotton or cloth : 27 53 10 32 67 32 : Metal or mesh : 0 0 0 0 2 2 : Other : 2 0 1 * 4 2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hired workers wore gloves in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Hairnet Wear - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For operations : Target Fruit Crop requiring workers :-------------------------------------------------------- to touch produce, : Apples : Avocados :Cherries,:Grapefruit :Grapes, Table were hairnets worn : : : Sweet : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of :packers packers packers packers packers : Yes: : 10 11 18 10 * For all : operations that : required touching : the produce 2/ : 66 75 33 92 * : For some : operations : requiring touching : the produce 2/ : 34 25 67 8 * : No : 91 89 82 90 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For operations : Target Fruit Crop (continued) requiring workers :-------------------------------------------------------- to touch produce, :Kiwifruit : Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches were hairnets worn : : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Yes: : 5 21 23 * 6 For all : operations that : required touching : the produce 2/ : * * 82 * 49 : For some : operations : requiring touching : the produce 2/ : * * 18 * 51 : No : 95 79 77 * 94 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For operations : Target Fruit Crop (continued) requiring workers :-------------------------------------------------------- to touch produce, : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit were hairnets worn : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers : Yes: : * 7 22 12 For all : operations that : required touching : the produce 2/ : * 50 59 53 : For some : operations : requiring touching : the produce 2/ : * 50 41 47 : No : * 92 78 89 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hired workers in 1999. Does not include other types of head coverings. 2/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hired workers wore hairnets in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Hairnet Wear - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For operations : Target Vegetable Crop requiring workers :-------------------------------------------------------- to touch produce, : Broccoli : Cabbage :Cantaloups : Carrots :Cauliflower were hairnets worn : : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Yes: : 35 22 34 39 19 For all : operations that : required touching : the produce 2/ : 96 * 87 84 84 : For some : operations : requiring touching : the produce 2/ : 4 * 13 16 16 : No : 65 78 66 61 81 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For operations : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) requiring workers :-------------------------------------------------------- to touch produce, : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, were hairnets worn : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Yes: : 30 7 17 41 89 For all : operations that : required touching : the produce 2/ : 83 31 62 * 98 : For some : operations : requiring touching : the produce 2/ : 17 69 38 * 2 : No : 70 93 83 59 11 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For operations : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) requiring workers :-------------------------------------------------------- to touch produce, : Onions, :Peppers,: Straw- :Tomatoes: Water- : All were hairnets worn : Bulb : Bell :berries : : melons :Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers packers : Yes: : 25 10 11 11 7 19 For all : operations that : required touching : the produce 2/ : 96 66 74 45 * 77 : For some : operations : requiring touching : the produce 2/ : 4 34 26 55 * 23 : No : 75 90 89 89 93 81 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hired workers in 1999. Does not include other types of head coverings. 2/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hired workers wore hairnets in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Workers Wore Hairnets if Handling Produce - Percent of Volume Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, Sweet : Grapefruit : Grapes, Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume volume 23 29 46 6 * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Kiwifruit : Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of volume % of volume % of volume % of volume % of volume 1 13 21 * 38 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume * 29 13 17 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. 1/ Does not include other types of head coverings. Packer Agricultural Practices Workers Wore Hairnets if Handling Produce - Percent of Volume Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume volume 37 12 22 75 35 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : Head : Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume volume 50 45 32 63 66 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume volume volume 15 28 25 46 12 33 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Does not include other types of head coverings. Packer Agricultural Practices Field Packing - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, Sweet : Grapefruit : Grapes, Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 33 * 43 7 100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Kiwifruit : Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers * * * * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers 23 * 9 35 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. Packer Agricultural Practices Field Packing - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 99 69 81 16 94 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews :Lettuce, Head : Lettuce, Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 72 37 63 95 96 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers packers 19 51 85 35 87 57 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Packer Agricultural Practices Field Packing - Harvest Tools Used - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- Harvest tool : Apples : Avocados : Cherries, :Grapefruit :Grapes, Table : : : Sweet : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Hands : 100 * 100 * 100 : Knife : 0 * 0 * 46 : Machete : 0 * 0 * 0 : Clippers/scissors : 1 * 0 * 45 : Other : * * 8 * 2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) :----------------------------------------------------------- Harvest tool : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Hands : * * * * * : Knife : * * * * * : Machete : * * * * * : Clippers/scissors : * * * * * : Other : * * * * * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) :----------------------------------------------------------- Harvest tool : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers : Hands : 100 * * 99 : Knife : 0 * * 9 : Machete : 0 * * 0 : Clippers/scissors : 7 * * 9 : Other : 0 * * 6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting field packing in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Field Packing - Harvest Tools Used - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- Harvest tool : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots :Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Hands : 100 100 100 100 100 : Knife : 100 79 8 6 83 : Machete : 0 7 0 0 * : Clippers/scissors : 0 0 0 10 0 : Other : 0 1/ 0 53 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) :----------------------------------------------------------- Harvest tool : Celery :Cucumbers: Honeydews :Lettuce, Head:Lettuce, Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of :packers packers packers packers packers : Hands : 100 100 100 100 100 : Knife : 98 1 30 90 96 : Machete : 0 0 0 0 0 : Clippers/scissors : 0 1/ 0 0 0 : Other : 2 0 * 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) :----------------------------------------------------------- Harvest tool : Onions, :Peppers, : Straw- :Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell :berries : : melons :Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers packers : Hands : 100 100 100 100 100 100 : Knife : 39 24 2 4 44 37 : Machete : 0 0 0 0 0 1 : Clippers/scissors : 32 * 1 2 3 2 : Other : 3 0 * 0 0 2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of packers reporting field packing in 1999. Packers Agricultural Practices Field Packing - Harvest Tool Washed - Percent of Packers Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Knife : Machete : Clippers/ : Other tool : washed : washed : scissors : washed Crop : : : washed : category :------------------------------------------------------------------- : : :Don't: : :Don't: : :Don't: : :Don't : Yes : No :know : Yes : No :know : Yes : No :know : Yes : No :know -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of : packers : ALL FRUIT : * * * 2/ 2/ 2/ 50 23 27 70 30 0 : ALL : VEGETABLES : 72 20 8 45 49 6 85 9 6 64 26 10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting using knife, machete, clippers/scissors, other harvest tools in 1999. 2/ Not applicable. Packer Agricultural Practices Field Packing - Harvest Tool Washing Frequency - Percent of Packers Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop : : Frequency of washing categoroy : Harvest :------------------------------------------------------- : tool : Daily : Weekly : Monthly : Per : As needed : Other : : : : : season : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : % of packers : : : Knife : * * * * * * : : : Machete : 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ ALL FRUIT : : : Clippers/ : : scissors : 56 21 0 5 * * : : : Other : * * * * * * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Knife : 55 5 1 1/ 34 5 : : : Machete : 0 48 0 0 52 0 ALL : : VEGETABLES : Clippers/ : : scissors : 54 15 0 0 31 0 : : : Other : 27 40 0 4 29 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of packers reporting using knife, machete, clippers/scissors, other harvest tools in 1999. 3/ Not applicable. Packer Agricultural Practices Field Packing - Harvest Tool Sanitized - Percent of Packers Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Knife : Machete : Clippers/ : Other tool : sanitized : sanitized : scissors : sanitized Crop : : : sanitized : category :------------------------------------------------------------------- : : :Don't: : :Don't: : :Don't: : :Don't : Yes : No :know : Yes : No :know : Yes : No :know : Yes : No :know -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of : packers : ALL FRUIT : * * * 2/ 2/ 2/ 33 33 35 * * * : ALL : VEGETABLES : 31 53 16 0 94 6 38 37 24 22 68 10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting using knife, machete, clippers/scissors, other harvest tools in 1999. 2/ Not applicable. Packer Agricultural Practices Field Packing - Harvest Tool Sanitizing Frequency - Percent of Packers Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop : : Frequency of sanitizing category : Harvest :------------------------------------------------------- : tool : Daily : Weekly : Monthly : Per : As needed : Other : : : : : season : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : % of packers : : : Knife : * * * * * * : : ALL FRUIT : Machete : 2/ 2/ 2/ 2/ 2/ 2/ : : : Clippers/ : : scissors : 23 0 0 0 0 77 : : : Other : * * * * * * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Knife : 72 9 1 0 15 3 : : ALL : Machete : 2/ 2/ 2/ 2/ 2/ 2/ VEGETABLES : : : Clippers/ : : scissors : 96 4 0 0 0 0 : : : Other : 64 0 0 0 36 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting using knife, machete, clippers/scissors, other harvest tools in 1999. 2/ Not applicable. Packer Agricultural Practices Used Mobile Packing Unit - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, Sweet : Grapefruit : Grapes, Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 8 * 7 * 11 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Kiwifruit : Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers * * * * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers * * * 12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting field packing in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Used Mobile Packing Unit - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 86 13 31 * 76 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, Head : Lettuce, Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 51 5 41 28 46 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers packers * 10 12 5 18 21 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting field packing in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Operation Performed on Mobile Packing Unit - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- Operation : Apples : Avocados :Cherries,: Grapefruit :Grapes, Table : : : Sweet : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Washing : 2 * * * 0 : Machine culling/ : grading/sorting : 0 * * * 0 : Manual culling/ : grading/sorting : 100 * * * 100 : Machine trimming : * * * * 29 : Manual trimming : 5 * * * 86 : Conveyor belt : transport : 0 * * * 0 : Other transport : 10 * * * 29 : Machine packing : 0 * * * 14 : Manual packing : 100 * * * 86 : Hydro cooling : 0 * * * 0 : Slushed ice cooling : 0 * * * 0 : Other cooling : 17 * * * 14 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) :----------------------------------------------------------- Operation : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Washing : * * * * * : Machine culling/ : grading/sorting : * * * * * : Manual culling/ : grading/sorting : * * * * * : Machine trimming : * * * * * : Manual trimming : * * * * * : Conveyor belt : transport : * * * * * : Other transport : * * * * * : Machine packing : * * * * * : Manual packing : * * * * * : Hydro cooling : * * * * * : Slushed ice cooling : * * * * * : Other cooling : * * * * * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Packer Agricultural Practices Operation Performed on Mobile Packing Unit - Percent of Packers (continued) Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) :----------------------------------------------------------- Operation : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers : Washing : * * * 5 : Machine culling/ : grading/sorting : * * * 3 : Manual culling/ : grading/sorting : * * * 97 : Machine trimming : * * * 9 : Manual trimming : * * * 13 : Conveyor belt : transport : * * * 3 : Other transport : * * * 9 : Machine packing : * * * 2 : Manual packing : * * * 98 : Hydro cooling : * * * 1 : Slushed ice cooling : * * * 0 : Other cooling : * * * 9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting use of a mobile packing unit in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Operation Performed on Mobile Packing Unit - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- Operation : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots :Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Washing : 7 17 * * 85 : Machine culling/ : grading/sorting : 13 16 0 * 0 : Manual culling/ : grading/sorting : 100 84 100 * 62 : Machine trimming : 17 3 0 * 0 : Manual trimming : 70 47 * * 100 : Conveyor belt : transport : 30 43 25 * 66 : Other transport : 13 18 29 * 12 : Machine packing : 0 5 * * 22 : Manual packing : 100 95 77 * 98 : Hydro cooling : 0 19 0 * 0 : Slushed ice : cooling : * 4 0 * 0 : Other cooling : 0 12 2 * 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) :----------------------------------------------------------- Operation : Celery :Cucumbers :Honeydews:Lettuce, Head :Lettuce, Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of :packers packers packers packers packers : Washing : 70 100 * 60 87 : Machine culling/ : grading/sorting : 0 0 13 0 0 : Manual culling/ : grading/sorting : 100 100 100 100 100 : Machine trimming : 0 0 13 0 0 : Manual trimming : 87 0 40 80 100 : Conveyor belt : transport : * 44 73 78 87 : Other transport : 13 14 13 0 0 : Machine packing : 13 11 13 13 0 : Manual packing : 100 100 100 87 100 : Hydro cooling : 31 0 0 16 3 : Slushed ice : cooling : 0 0 0 0 0 : Other cooling : 0 0 0 5 77 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Packer Agricultural Practices Operation Performed on Mobile Packing Unit - Percent of Packers (continued) Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) :----------------------------------------------------------- Operation :Onions, :Peppers, : Straw- :Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell :berries : : melons : Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of :packers packers packers packers packers packers : Washing : * 45 * * * 33 : Machine culling/ : grading/sorting : * 5 * 0 2 7 : Manual culling/ : grading/sorting : * 95 84 100 98 93 : Machine trimming : * 0 0 0 0 4 : Manual trimming : * 6 4 55 6 48 : Conveyor belt : transport : * 28 0 0 30 37 : Other transport : * 3 7 54 30 15 : Machine packing : * 5 0 0 0 6 : Manual packing : * 100 100 100 100 95 : Hydro cooling : * 0 0 0 0 4 : Slushed ice cooling : * * 0 0 0 6 : Other cooling : * 5 7 0 0 4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting use of a mobile packing unit in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Mobile Packing Unit - Source of Water for Washing - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Source of water :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : Standing : Flowing : Ground : Ground :Municipal : Other : surface : surface : water; : water; : : Crop : (Ponds, : (Rivers, : Deep : Shallow : : category : lakes, : canals, : well : well : : :reservoirs): streams, : : : : : : irrigation : : : : : : ditches) : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of packers : ALL FRUIT : 0 0 70 18 12 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting washing on mobile packing unit in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Mobile Packing Unit - Source of Water for Washing - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Source of water :----------------------------------------------------------- : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Standing surface : (Ponds, lakes : and reservoirs) : * * * * 0 : Flowing surface : (Rivers, canals, : streams, and : irrigation ditches) : * * * * 0 : Ground; Deep well : * * * * 57 : Ground; Shallow well: * * * * 2 : Municipal : * * * * 41 : Other : * * * * 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Source of water :----------------------------------------------------------- : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Standing surface : (Ponds, lakes : and reservoirs) : 0 0 * 0 * : Flowing surface : (Rivers, canals, : streams, and : irrigation ditches) : 0 10 * 0 * : Ground; Deep well : 63 75 * 66 * : Ground; Shallow well: 0 14 * 0 * : Municipal : 37 0 * 34 * : Other : 0 0 * 0 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Packer Agricultural Practices Mobile Packing Unit - Source of Water for Washing - Percent of Packers (cont.) Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Source of water :----------------------------------------------------------- :Onions, :Peppers, : Straw- :Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell :berries : : melons : Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of :packers packers packers packers packers packers : Standing surface : (Ponds, lakes : and reservoirs) : * 0 * * * 0 : Flowing surface : (Rivers, canals, : streams, and : irrigation ditches) : * 0 * * * 2 : Ground; Deep well : * 86 * * * 55 : Ground; Shallow well: * 14 * * * 13 : Municipal : * 0 * * * 31 : Other : * 0 * * * 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting washing on mobile packing unit in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Mobile Packing Unit - Monitored Washing Water Quality - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ --------------------------------------------- ALL FRUIT --------------------------------------------- % of packers 12 --------------------------------------------- 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting washing on mobile packing unit in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Mobile Packing Unit - Monitored Washing Water Quality - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers * * * * 67 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, Head : Lettuce, Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 44 44 * 100 * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers packers * 88 * * * 68 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting washing on mobile packing unit in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Mobile Packing Unit - Washing Water Monitoring Method - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Monitoring method Crop :--------------------------------------------------------------------- category : Visual inspection : Meter : Chemical test : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of packers : ALL FRUIT : * * * * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting monitoring washing water quality on mobile packing unit in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Mobile Packing Unit - Washing Water Monitoring Method - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Monitoring method :----------------------------------------------------------- : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots :Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Visual inspection : * * * * 93 : Meter : * * * * 33 : Chemical test : * * * * 64 : Other : * * * * 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Monitoring method :----------------------------------------------------------- : Celery :Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Visual inspection : 100 100 * 96 * : Meter : 0 0 * 74 * : Chemical test : 42 25 * 78 * : Other : 0 0 * 0 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Monitoring method :----------------------------------------------------------- : Onions, :Peppers,: Straw- :Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons :Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers packers : Visual inspection : * 100 * * * 97 : Meter : * 0 * * * 27 : Chemical test : * 14 * * * 58 : Other : * 0 * * * 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting monitoring washing water quality on mobile packing unit in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Mobile Packing Unit - Treatment Method for Washing Water - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Treatment method Crop :--------------------------------------------------------------------- category :Chlorine : Ozone :Ultraviolet: Filter : Hot : Other : No : : : light : : water : :treatment -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of packers : ALL FRUIT : 77 0 0 0 0 0 23 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting washing on mobile packing unit in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Mobile Packing Unit - Treatment Method for Washing Water - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Treatment method :----------------------------------------------------------- : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Chlorine : * * * * 67 : Ozone : * * * * 0 : Ultraviolet light : * * * * 0 : Filter : * * * * 0 : Hot water : * * * * 0 : Other : * * * * 0 : No treatment : * * * * 33 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Treatment method :----------------------------------------------------------- : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Chlorine : 75 58 * 100 * : Ozone : 0 0 * 0 * : Ultraviolet light : 0 0 * 0 * : Filter : 0 0 * 0 * : Hot water : 0 0 * 0 * : Other : 0 0 * 0 * : No treatment : 25 42 * 0 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Treatment method :----------------------------------------------------------- :Onions, :Peppers, : Straw- :Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons :Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of :packers packers packers packers packers packers : Chlorine : * 74 * * * 68 : Ozone : * 0 * * * 0 : Ultraviolet light : * 0 * * * 0 : Filter : * 14 * * * 6 : Hot water : * 0 * * * 0 : Other : * 0 * * * 0 : No treatment : * 12 * * * 27 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting washing on mobile packing unit in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Mobile Packing Unit - Source of Water for Cooling - Percent of Packers Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Source of water :----------------------------------------------------------------- : Standing : Flowing : Ground : Ground : Municipal : Other : surface : surface : water; : water; : : Crop : (Ponds, : (Rivers, : Deep : Shallow : : category : lakes, : canals, : well : well : : :reservoirs): streams, : : : : : : irrigation : : : : : : ditches) : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of : packers : ALL FRUIT : * * * * * * : ALL VEGETABLES: * 0 19 * 18 4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hydro or slushed ice cooling on mobile packing unit in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Mobile Packing Unit - Monitored Cooling Water Quality - Percent of Packers Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------- ALL FRUIT : ALL VEGETABLES ------------------------------------------- % of packers * 76 ------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hydro or slushed ice cooling on mobile packing unit in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Mobile Packing Unit - Cooling Water Monitoring Method - Percent of Packers Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Monitoring method Crop :------------------------------------------------------------------ category :Visual inspection: Meter : Chemical test : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of packers : ALL FRUIT : * * * * : ALL : VEGETABLES : 48 21 56 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting monitoring cooling water on mobile packing unit in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Mobile Packing Unit - Treatment Method for Cooling Water - Percent of Packers Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Treatment method Crop :------------------------------------------------------------------ category :Chlorine : Ozone :Ultraviolet: Filter : Hot : Other : No : : : light : : water : :treatment -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of : packers : ALL FRUIT : * * * * * * * : ALL : VEGETABLES : 74 0 0 * 0 0 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting hydro or slushed ice cooling on mobile packing unit in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Mobile Packing Unit Washed - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, Sweet : Grapefruit : Grapes, Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 57 * 100 * 86 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Kiwifruit : Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers * * * * 93 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers * * * 83 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting use of a mobile packing unit in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Mobile Packing Unit Washed - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 100 83 89 * 92 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, Head : Lettuce, Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 96 100 100 93 * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers packers * 100 61 92 56 85 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting use of a mobile packing unit in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Frequency of Washing the Mobile Packing Unit - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Frequency of :----------------------------------------------------------- washing : Apples : Avocados : Cherries, :Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Daily : 22 * 19 * 50 : Weekly : 10 * 0 * 33 : Monthly : 0 * 0 * 0 : Per season : 0 * 67 * 0 : As needed : 68 * 14 * 17 : Other : 0 * 0 * 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Frequency of :----------------------------------------------------------- washing : Kiwifruit : Lemons :Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Daily : * * * * 5 : Weekly : * * * * 5 : Monthly : * * * * 0 : Per season : * * * * 78 : As needed : * * * * 12 : Other : * * * * 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Frequency of :----------------------------------------------------------- washing : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers : Daily : * * * 13 : Weekly : * * * 12 : Monthly : * * * 0 : Per season : * * * 54 : As needed : * * * 21 : Other : * * * 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting washing their mobile packing unit in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Frequency of Washing the Mobile Packing Unit - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Frequency :----------------------------------------------------------- of washing : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots :Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Daily : 33 27 36 * 46 : Weekly : 33 20 5 * 30 : Monthly : 0 19 0 * 0 : Per season : 0 * 0 * 0 : As needed : 33 23 59 * 24 : Other : 0 * 0 * 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Frequency :----------------------------------------------------------- of washing : Celery :Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Daily : 41 58 53 69 * : Weekly : 27 0 13 16 * : Monthly : 0 0 0 14 * : Per season : 0 0 0 0 * : As needed : 32 42 34 0 * : Other : 0 0 0 0 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Frequency :----------------------------------------------------------- of washing :Onions, :Peppers, : Straw- :Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell :berries : : melons :Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of :packers packers packers packers packers packers : Daily : * 59 34 81 27 43 : Weekly : * 0 46 0 3 22 : Monthly : * 0 0 9 0 3 : Per season : * 0 0 0 6 1 : As needed : * 41 15 10 64 31 : Other : * 0 5 0 0 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of packers reporting washing their mobile packing unit in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Source of Water for Washing the Mobile Packing Unit - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Source of water :----------------------------------------------------------- : Apples : Avocados : Cherries, :Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Standing surface : (Ponds, lakes : and reservoirs) : 0 * 0 * 0 : Flowing surface : (Rivers, canals, : streams, and : irrigation ditches) : 0 * 0 * 0 : Ground; Deep well : 18 * 86 * 67 : Ground; Shallow well: * * * * * : Municipal : 22 * 0 * 17 : Other : * * * * * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Source of water :----------------------------------------------------------- : Kiwifruit : Lemons :Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Standing surface : (Ponds, lakes : and reserviors) : * * * * 1 : Flowing surface : (Rivers, canals, : streams, and : irrigation ditches) : * * * * 0 : Ground; Deep well : * * * * 89 : Ground; Shallow well: * * * * * : Municipal : * * * * 8 : Other : * * * * * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Source of water :----------------------------------------------------------- : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers : Standing surface : (Ponds, lakes : and reservoirs) : * * * 1 : Flowing surface : (Rivers, canals, : streams, and : irrigation ditches) : * * * 2 : Ground; Deep well : * * * 77 : Ground; Shallow well: * * * * : Municipal : * * * 10 : Other : * * * * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting washing their mobile packing unit in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Source of Water for Washing the Mobile Packing Unit - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Source of water :----------------------------------------------------------- : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots :Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Standing surface : (Ponds, lakes : and reservoirs) : 0 0 5 * 0 : Flowing surface : (Rivers, canals, : streams, and : irrigation ditches) : 0 0 21 * 0 : Ground; Deep well : 40 52 44 * 65 : Ground; Shallow well: 17 10 9 * 1 : Municipal : 43 39 21 * 33 : Other : 0 0 0 * 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Source of water :----------------------------------------------------------- : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Standing surface : (Ponds, lakes and : reservoirs) : 0 0 13 0 * : Flowing surface : (Rivers, canals, : streams, and : irrigation ditches) : 0 0 27 0 * : Ground; Deep well : 73 75 34 64 * : Ground; Shallow well: 0 25 0 0 * : Municipal : 27 0 27 36 * : Other : 0 0 0 0 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Source of water :----------------------------------------------------------- : Onions, :Peppers, : Straw- :Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons :Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers packers : Standing surface : (Ponds, lakes : and reservoirs) : * 0 0 0 3 1 : Flowing surface : (Rivers, canals, : and streams, : irrigation ditches) : * 33 0 0 0 3 : Ground; Deep well : * 58 50 18 19 46 : Ground; Shallow well: * 6 17 0 75 17 : Municipal : * 3 33 82 2 32 : Other : * 0 0 0 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting washing their mobile packing unit in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Mobile Packing Unit Sanitized - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, Sweet : Grapefruit : Grapes, Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 51 * * * 57 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Kiwifruit : Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers * * * * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers * * * 30 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting use of a mobile packing unit in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Mobile Packing Unit Sanitized - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers 100 50 * * 90 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews :Lettuce, Head : Lettuce, Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 83 100 * 93 * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers packers * 69 44 85 56 71 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting use of a mobile packing unit in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Frequency of Sanitizing the Mobile Packing Unit - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Frequency :----------------------------------------------------------- of sanitizing : Apples : Avocados :Cherries, : Grapefruit :Grapes, Table : : : Sweet : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Daily : 24 * * * 25 : Weekly : 0 * * * 25 : Monthly : 0 * * * 0 : Per season : 0 * * * 25 : As needed : 76 * * * 25 : Other : 0 * * * 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Frequency :----------------------------------------------------------- of sanitizing :Kiwifruit : Lemons :Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Daily : * * * * * : Weekly : * * * * * : Monthly : * * * * * : Per season : * * * * * : As needed : * * * * * : Other : * * * * * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Frequency :----------------------------------------------------------- of sanitizing : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers : Daily : * * * 16 : Weekly : * * * 14 : Monthly : * * * 0 : Per season : * * * 8 : As needed : * * * 62 : Other : * * * 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting sanitizing their mobile packing unit in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Frequency of Sanitizing the Mobile Packing Unit - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Frequency :----------------------------------------------------------- of sanitizing : Broccoli : Cabbage :Cantaloups : Carrots :Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Daily : 33 18 * * 47 : Weekly : 33 6 * * 21 : Monthly : 17 * * * 31 : Per season : 0 6 * * 0 : As needed : 17 63 * * 1 : Other : 0 * * * 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Frequency :----------------------------------------------------------- of sanitizing : Celery : Cucumber : Honeydew : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Daily : 32 47 * 67 * : Weekly : 16 0 * 19 * : Monthly : 16 0 * 0 * : Per season : 0 0 * 0 * : As needed : 22 53 * 14 * : Other : 13 0 * 0 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Frequency :----------------------------------------------------------- of sanitizing : Onions, :Peppers,: Straw- :Tomatoes: Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons :Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers packers : Daily : * 41 38 55 0 34 : Weekly : * 8 6 14 3 19 : Monthly : * 0 0 10 0 12 : Per season : * 0 14 0 68 10 : As needed : * 51 42 21 29 23 : Other : * 0 0 0 0 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting sanitizing their mobile packing unit in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Do Only Field Packing - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, Sweet : Grapefruit : Grapes, Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 13 4 11 0 * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Kiwifruit : Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers * * * * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers 4 5 0 17 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. Packer Agricultural Practices Do Only Field Packing - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers 29 30 * 8 38 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews :Lettuce, Head : Lettuce, Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 33 18 23 48 9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers packers 10 20 46 18 56 28 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. Packer Agricultural Practices Do Only Facility Packing - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, Sweet : Grapefruit : Grapes, Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 67 * 57 93 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Kiwifruit : Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers * * * * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers 77 74 91 64 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. Packer Agricultural Practices Do Only Facility Packing - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers 1 31 * 84 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, Head :Lettuce, Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 28 63 37 5 85 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers packers 81 49 15 65 13 43 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. Packer Agricultural Practices Do Field and Facility Packing - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, Sweet : Grapefruit : Grapes, Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 20 * 32 7 * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Kiwifruit : Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers * * * * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers 19 * 9 19 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. Packer Agricultural Practices Do Field and Facility Packing - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers 69 39 * 7 56 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, Head :Lettuce, Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers 38 20 40 48 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers packers 9 31 39 17 31 29 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. Packer Agricultural Practices Do Facility Packing - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, Sweet : Grapefruit : Grapes, Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 87 96 89 100 * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Kiwifruit : Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers * * * * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers 96 95 100 83 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. Packer Agricultural Practices Do Facility Packing - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers 71 70 * 92 62 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, Head :Lettuce, Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 67 82 77 52 91 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers packers 90 80 54 82 44 72 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. Packer Agricultural Practices Packing Facilities - Operations Performed - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop :------------------------------------------------------- Parking Operation : Apples : Avocados :Cherries, :Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Washing : 51 7 42 98 76 : Float/soak tank : 35 0 28 47 0 : Machine culling/ : grading/sorting : 41 23 31 35 0 : Manual culling/ : grading/sorting : 70 77 72 94 100 : Machine trimming : 1 0 8 1 0 : Manual trimming : 3 0 4 41 6 : Flume transport : 20 0 18 * 0 : Cup sizers : 33 29 11 55 0 : Conveyor belt : transport : 56 39 49 90 3 : Other transport : 10 4 6 27 0 : Machine packing : 21 9 22 31 0 : Manual packing : 79 93 78 81 100 : Vacuum cooling : * 6 0 3 0 : Hydro cooling : 4 2 30 0 0 : Hydro vacuum : 1 0 2 0 0 : Forced air cooling : 19 * 19 14 8 : Slushed ice cooling : * * * * * : Refrigeration : 58 43 51 68 6 : Other cooling : 3 3 0 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Packer Agricultural Practices Packing Facilities - Operations Performed - Percent of Packers (continued) Fruit Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Packing Operation :------------------------------------------------------- :Kiwifruit : Lemons :Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Washing : 0 82 32 77 22 : Float/soak tank : 0 70 1 31 10 : Machine culling/ : grading/sorting : 20 88 25 54 18 : Manual culling/ : grading/sorting : 81 82 75 84 81 : Machine trimming : 0 0 0 1/ 1 : Manual trimming : 5 0 11 20 3 : Flume transport : 0 12 0 8 4 : Cup sizers : 30 65 46 48 15 : Conveyor belt : transport : 44 88 64 87 27 : Other transport : 5 41 23 39 8 : Machine packing : 24 76 24 47 11 : Manual packing : 86 65 78 73 89 : Vacuum cooling : 0 6 0 3 2 : Hydro cooling : 0 0 17 1 8 : Hydro vacuum : 0 12 0 3 0 : Forced air cooling : 53 41 41 17 12 : Slushed ice cooling : * * * * * : Refrigeration : 48 88 45 63 38 : Other cooling : 28 18 9 0 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Packer Agricultural Practices Packing Facilities - Operations Performed - Percent of Packers (continued) Fruit Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Packing Operation :---------------------------------------------------- : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers : Washing : 40 48 82 48 : Float/soak tank : 40 0 39 24 : Machine culling/ : grading/sorting : 37 28 66 35 : Manual culling/ : grading/sorting : 63 82 70 75 : Machine trimming : 0 0 0 1 : Manual trimming : 10 4 25 9 : Flume transport : 29 0 0 11 : Cup sizers : 39 52 66 34 : Conveyor belt : transport : 53 57 91 56 : Other transport : 20 33 31 17 : Machine packing : 20 19 35 23 : Manual packing : 80 85 65 77 : Vacuum cooling : * 0 0 2 : Hydro cooling : 2 9 0 6 : Hydro vacuum : * 0 0 1 : Forced air cooling : 27 34 8 19 : Slushed ice cooling : * * * * : Refrigeration : 72 30 58 52 : Other cooling : 4 4 4 3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of packers reporting facility packing in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Packing Facilities - Operations Performed - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Packing Operation :----------------------------------------------------------- : Broccoli : Cabbage :Cantaloups : Carrots :Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Washing : 12 30 30 90 10 : Float/soak tank : * 3 3 46 7 : Machine culling/ : grading/sorting : 6 5 6 21 3 : Manual culling/ : grading/sorting : 94 95 94 79 97 : Machine trimming : 8 * 0 35 0 : Manual trimming : 8 57 0 42 19 : Flume transport : 0 0 0 8 0 : Cup sizers : 0 0 0 0 0 : Conveyor belt : transport : 10 13 9 52 3 : Other transport : 2 5 * 31 21 : Machine packing : 6 1 0 7 3 : Manual packing : 94 99 100 93 97 : Vacuum cooling : 16 4 * 2 3 : Hydro cooling : 56 5 9 19 3 : Hydro vacuum : * * * * * : Forced air cooling : 32 10 5 31 40 : Slushed ice cooling : 92 2 0 5 * : Refrigeration : 70 30 51 68 67 : Other cooling : 16 1 1/ 2 33 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Packer Agricultural Practices Packing Facilities - Operations Performed - Percent of Packers (continued) Vegetable Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) :----------------------------------------------------------- Packing Operation : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Washing : 55 82 39 34 3 : Float/soak tank : 17 21 22 30 2 : Machine culling/ : grading/sorting : 17 18 0 20 0 : Manual culling/ : grading/sorting : 83 83 100 80 100 : Machine trimming : 26 0 0 8 1/ : Manual trimming : 50 19 9 82 96 : Flume transport : 17 * 0 14 1/ : Cup sizers : 0 0 0 0 0 : Conveyor belt : transport : 56 26 43 37 2 : Other transport : 29 6 4 7 1 : Machine packing : 7 6 0 15 1/ : Manual packing : 93 94 100 85 99 : Vacuum cooling : 8 2 0 22 1 : Hydro cooling : 45 3 8 26 1/ : Hydro vacuum : * * * * * : Forced air cooling : 27 17 18 0 1/ : Slushed ice cooling : 7 6 0 0 1 : Refrigeration : 68 42 40 30 7 : Other cooling : 7 1 0 0 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Packer Agricultural Practices Packing Facilities - Operations Performed - Percent of Packers (continued) Vegetable Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) :----------------------------------------------------------- Packing Operations : Onions, :Peppers : Straw- :Tomatoes: Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons :Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers packers : Washing : 25 68 7 57 11 43 : Float/soak tank : 4 30 1/ 18 1/ 13 : Machine culling/ : grading/sorting : 21 27 12 19 7 14 : Manual culling/ : grading/sorting : 80 73 88 81 93 86 : Machine trimming : 14 2 1 1 0 5 : Manual trimming : 59 13 8 15 4 27 : Flume transport : 1 2 1/ 6 0 3 : Cup sizers : 2 4 0 4 0 2 : Conveyor belt : transport : 31 35 1 26 24 23 : Other transport : 8 16 2 7 12 8 : Machine packing : 28 15 1/ 15 0 10 : Manual packing : 72 85 99 85 100 90 : Vacuum cooling : 1/ 4 1/ 2 0 3 : Hydro cooling : 1 * 0 1 0 6 : Hydro vacuum : * * * * * * : Forced air cooling : 4 13 15 9 1/ 12 : Slushed ice cooling : * 4 0 1 0 5 : Refrigeration : 14 32 29 25 * 32 : Other cooling : 1 1/ 2 6 1 3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of packers reporting facility packing in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Packing Facilities - Equipment/Tools Washing Frequency - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ALL FRUIT :------------------------------------------------------------ Packing : Frequency of washing equipment/tools :------------------------------------------------------------ : Daily : Weekly :Monthly : Per : As : Other : Not : : : : season :needed : : washed -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of : packers : Float/soak tank : 60 25 2 0 11 2 0 : Machine culling/ : grading/sorting : 56 13 1 3 18 1 7 : Machine trimming : 87 0 0 3 6 0 4 : Manual trimming : 46 1 0 1 40 0 12 : Flume transport : 44 29 4 1 15 4 4 : Cup sizers : 49 14 5 6 18 1 6 : Conveyor belt : transport : 52 13 4 4 21 1 5 : Other transport : 48 17 3 1 25 2 4 : Machine packing : 51 17 1 5 21 1 5 : Vacuum cooling : 27 0 0 34 21 18 0 : Hydro cooling : 66 18 0 4 9 2 1 : Hydro vacuum : 45 30 7 0 18 0 0 : Forced air cooling : 30 9 2 18 21 3 16 : Slushed ice cooling: * * * * * * * : Refrigeration : 19 6 4 23 40 1 7 : Other cooling : 37 1 0 39 20 2 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting specified facility packing operation in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Packing Facilities - Equipment/Tools Washing Frequency - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ALL VEGETABLES :------------------------------------------------------------ Packing : Frequency of washing equipment/tools :------------------------------------------------------------ : Daily :Weekly :Monthly : Per : As : Other : Not : : : : season :needed : :washed -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of : packers : Float/soak tank : 77 2 1/ 1/ 10 10 0 : Machine culling/ : grading/sorting : 60 7 1 5 17 1 8 : Machine trimming : 54 1 1/ 4 8 20 13 : Manual trimming : 39 2 1 1/ 48 1 9 : Flume transport : 90 0 0 0 8 1 0 : Cup sizers : 74 1 1 0 18 0 6 : Conveyor belt : transport : 59 5 1 3 24 1/ 8 : Other transport : 48 16 3 4 22 1/ 7 : Machine packing : 57 2 1/ 7 19 2 13 : Vacuum cooling : 70 2 0 1 18 1 8 : Hydro cooling : 72 6 1/ 0 12 1 9 : Hydro vacuum : * * * * * * * : Forced air cooling : 32 12 5 9 25 0 18 : Slushed ice cooling: 65 0 0 12 5 16 2 : Refrigeration : 28 19 2 7 33 2 10 : Other cooling : * * * * * * * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of packers reporting specified facility packing operation in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Packing Facilities - Equipment/Tools Sanitizing Frequency - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ALL FRUIT :------------------------------------------------------------ Packing : Frequency of sanitizing equipment/tools :------------------------------------------------------------ : Daily : Weekly :Monthly : Per : As : Other : Not : : : :season : needed : :sanitized -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of : packers : Float/soak tank : 48 18 1 4 11 3 14 : Machine culling/ : grading/sorting : 45 14 1 3 12 1/ 24 : Machine trimming : 62 0 0 0 7 0 31 : Manual trimming : 41 2 0 0 25 5 27 : Flume transport : 43 16 3 3 12 6 17 : Cup sizers : 36 14 4 7 14 2 24 : Conveyor belt : transport : 42 12 3 5 16 1 20 : Other transport : 37 20 * * 17 2 20 : Machine packing : 44 18 1 6 15 1 16 : Vacuum cooling : 0 0 11 34 21 18 17 : Hydro cooling : 46 12 3 2 15 9 13 : Hydro vacuum : 19 30 13 0 18 0 20 : Forced air cooling : 19 5 8 15 20 5 29 : Slushed ice cooling: * * * * * * * : Refrigeration : 8 5 6 17 35 2 27 : Other cooling : 5 0 0 28 14 2 47 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less han one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of packers reporting specified facility packing operation in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Packing Facilities - Equipment/Tools Sanitizing Frequency - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ALL VEGETABLES :------------------------------------------------------------ Packing : Frequency of sanitizing equipment/tools :------------------------------------------------------------ : Daily :Weekly :Monthly : Per : As : Other : Not : : : : season :needed : :sanitized -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of : packers : Float/soak tank : 57 7 4 2 9 1 22 : Machine culling/ : grading/sorting : 44 6 1 5 14 1 29 : Machine trimming : 47 1/ 0 3 7 17 26 : Manual trimming : 26 3 1/ 2 32 1/ 37 : Flume transport : 65 19 0 0 8 3 4 : Cup sizers : 65 2 0 1 13 4 16 : Conveyor belt : transport : 39 6 1 5 16 1 32 : Other transport : 43 7 0 6 9 1 34 : Machine packing : 44 3 1 3 10 0 39 : Vacuum cooling : 62 3 3 1 8 1 22 : Hydro cooling : 41 6 1 1 13 22 16 : Hydro vacuum : * * * * * * * : Forced air cooling : 26 7 10 3 23 1 30 : Slushed ice cooling: 40 1 0 12 6 22 19 : Refrigeration : 19 15 2 7 26 4 26 : Other cooling : * * * * * * * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of packers reporting specified facility packing operation in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Packing Facilities - Source of Water - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Source of water :---------------------------------------------------------- : Apples : Avocados :Cherries,:Grapefruit:Grapes, Table : : : Sweet : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Standing surface : (Ponds, lakes : and reservoirs) : 1 0 0 1 0 : Flowing surface : (Rivers, canals, : streams, and : irrigation ditches) : 1 0 * 0 19 : Ground; Deep well : 54 2 69 25 63 : Ground; Shallow well: 7 8 * 11 0 : Municipal : 30 90 19 63 17 : Other : 7 0 1 0 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Source of water :----------------------------------------------------------- :Kiwifruit : Lemons :Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Standing surface : (Ponds, lakes : and reservoirs) : 0 0 0 0 1 : Flowing surface : (Rivers, canals, : streams, and : irrigation ditches) : 0 0 0 0 2 : Ground; Deep well : 90 7 66 39 44 : Ground; Shallow well: 0 0 9 9 * : Municipal : 10 93 25 48 11 : Other : 0 0 0 3 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Source of water :----------------------------------------------------------- : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers : Standing surface : (Ponds, lakes : and reservoirs) : 1 2 8 1 : Flowing surface : (Rivers,canals, : streams, and : irrigation ditches) : 0 0 0 1 : Ground; Deep well : 54 78 26 43 : Ground; Shallow well: 4 8 21 9 : Municipal : 38 12 45 40 : Other : 3 0 0 6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting water using facility packing operations in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Packing Facilities - Source of Water - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Source of water :----------------------------------------------------------- : Broccoli : Cabbage :Cantaloups : Carrots :Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Standing surface : (Ponds, lakes : and reservoirs) : 0 4 3 1 0 : Flowing surface : (Rivers, canals, : streams, and : irrigation ditches) : 0 * 0 3 0 : Ground; Deep well : 17 50 23 46 13 : Ground; Shallow well: 35 10 11 12 9 : Municipal : 48 31 64 37 78 : Other : 0 * 0 1 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Source of water :----------------------------------------------------------- : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Standing surface : (Ponds, lakes : and reservoirs) : 0 2 0 0 0 : Flowing surface : (Rivers, canals, : streams, and : irrigation ditches) : 0 1 0 0 0 : Ground; Deep well : 48 63 5 69 95 : Ground; Shallow well: 8 8 14 0 0 : Municipal : 44 26 53 31 5 : Other : 0 0 28 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Source of water :----------------------------------------------------------- : Onions, :Peppers, : Straw- :Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons :Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers packers : Standing surface : (Ponds, lakes : and reservoirs) : * 3 2 * 0 2 : Flowing surface : (Rivers, canals, : streams, and : irrigation ditches) : * 1 0 * 0 1 : Ground; Deep well : 70 72 68 64 48 58 : Ground; Shallow well: 12 6 8 12 26 11 : Municipal : 12 18 20 18 24 27 : Other : 1/ 0 1 1/ 2 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of packers reporting water using facility packing operations in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Packing Facilities - Monitored Water Quality - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, Sweet : Grapefruit : Grapes, Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 61 * 67 73 * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Kiwifruit : Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers * 87 62 77 40 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers 74 74 96 60 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. 1/ Pecent based on number of packers reporting water using facility packing operations in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Packing Facilities - Monitored Water Quality - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers 60 47 71 54 93 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews :Lettuce, Head : Lettuce, Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 92 61 48 66 56 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, :Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers packers 43 69 44 51 44 54 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting water using facility packing operations in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Packing Facilities - Water Quality Monitoring Method - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop :------------------------------------------------------- Monitoring method : Apples :Avocados :Cherries,:Grapefruit :Grapes, Table : : : Sweet : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Visual inspection : 60 * 67 75 * : Meter : 16 * 12 17 * : Chemical test : 72 * 73 72 * : Other : 8 * 4 12 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Monitoring method :------------------------------------------------------- :Kiwifruit: Lemons :Nectarines: Oranges : Peaches -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Visual inspection : * 62 45 71 59 : Meter : * 62 20 50 24 : Chemical test : * 77 91 87 73 : Other : * 8 14 8 8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Monitoring method :------------------------------------------------------- : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers : Visual inspection : 59 87 72 67 : Meter : 17 * 37 26 : Chemical test : 74 41 82 73 : Other : 6 * 0 7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting monitoring water for facility packing operations in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Packing Facilities - Water Quality Monitoring Method - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Monitoring method :----------------------------------------------------------- : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots :Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Visual inspection : 58 56 33 71 97 : Meter : 55 1 * 10 36 : Chemical test : 97 53 75 42 45 : Other : 35 4 63 42 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Monitoring method :----------------------------------------------------------- : Celery :Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Visual inspection : 72 76 58 85 30 : Meter : 37 22 40 51 58 : Chemical test : 68 63 51 66 33 : Other : 11 11 10 0 4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Monitoring method :----------------------------------------------------------- : Onions, :Peppers, : Straw- :Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons :Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers packers : Visual inspection : 71 79 62 67 83 69 : Meter : 2 7 * 23 * 19 : Chemical test : 51 42 48 57 56 58 : Other : 6 10 11 13 * 16 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting monitoring water for facility packing operations in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Packing Facilities - Treatment Method for Water - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop :----------------------------------------------------------- Treatment method : Apples : Avocados : Cherries, :Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Chlorine : 41 15 62 69 17 : Ozone : 1/ 0 0 0 0 : Ultraviolet light : 1/ 0 0 1 0 : Filter : 3 1 * 3 0 : Hot water : 3 0 0 8 0 : Other : 5 0 * 14 17 : No treatment : 48 84 32 4 65 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Treatment method :----------------------------------------------------------- : Kiwifruit : Lemons :Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Chlorine : 9 93 58 60 29 : Ozone : 0 0 0 0 0 : Ultraviolet light : 0 0 0 1 1 : Filter : 0 0 0 8 37 : Hot water : 9 0 1/ 13 4 : Other : 0 0 0 1/ 2 : No treatment : 83 7 41 17 27 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Treatment method :----------------------------------------------------------- : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers : Chlorine : 45 53 65 46 : Ozone : 0 0 0 1/ : Ultraviolet light : * 0 0 1/ : Filter : 18 0 9 8 : Hot water : 1 0 8 4 : Other : * 6 0 4 : No treatment : 24 40 18 38 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of packers reporting water using facility packing operations in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Packing Facilities - Treatment Method for Water - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Treatment method :------------------------------------------------------- :Broccoli : Cabbage :Cantaloups : Carrots :Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Chlorine : 99 33 22 63 40 : Ozone : 0 0 0 0 0 : Ultraviolet light : 0 0 0 0 0 : Filter : 0 1/ 0 7 2 : Hot water : 0 15 0 3 3 : Other : 0 3 0 2 0 : No treatment : 1/ 49 78 25 55 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Treatment method :------------------------------------------------------- : Celery :Cucumbers: Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Chlorine : 60 42 38 71 4 : Ozone : 0 0 0 0 1 : Ultraviolet light : 0 0 0 0 0 : Filter : 0 14 37 0 1/ : Hot water : 0 * 0 0 0 : Other : 15 * 0 0 0 : No treatment : 25 31 25 29 95 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Treatment method :------------------------------------------------------- :Onions, :Peppers,: Straw- :Tomatoes: Water- : All : Bulb : Bell :berries : : melons :Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of :packers packers packers packers packers packers : Chlorine : 9 65 29 36 34 39 : Ozone : 0 0 0 0 0 0 : Ultraviolet light : 0 0 0 1 0 1/ : Filter : * 3 6 7 3 6 : Hot water : * 0 1 1 0 2 : Other : 1 1 1 1/ 0 3 : No treatment : 80 31 63 54 63 49 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of packers reporting water using facility packing operations in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Person Responsible for Making Sure Trucks Carrying Packed Produce from the Facility were Cleaned - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Person responsible :----------------------------------------------------------- for making sure : Apples : Avocados : Cherries, :Grapefruit : Grapes, trucks were cleaned: : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Seller or packer : 64 57 65 43 10 : Truck driver or : truck company : 28 25 32 55 88 : Buyer : 10 19 9 1 3 : Other : 4 1 3 * 0 : Trucks not cleaned : 2 0 0 7 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Person responsible :----------------------------------------------------------- for making sure : Kiwifruit : Lemons :Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches truck were cleaned : : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Seller or packer : 47 23 63 43 74 : Truck driver or : truck company : 29 82 31 55 18 : Buyer : 5 6 9 7 6 : Other : 28 0 0 * 1 : Trucks not cleaned : 5 0 0 0 2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Person responsible :----------------------------------------------------------- for making sure : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit trucks were cleaned: : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers : Seller or packer : 68 83 52 59 : Truck driver or : truck company : 44 45 57 37 : Buyer : 5 2 * 8 : Other : 2 0 0 3 : Trucks not cleaned : 2 0 0 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting facility packing in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Person Responsible for Making Sure Trucks Carrying Packed Produce from the Facility were Cleaned - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Person responsible :----------------------------------------------------------- for making sure : Broccoli : Cabbage :Cantaloups : Carrots :Cauliflower trucks were cleaned: : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Seller or packer : 46 62 54 79 79 : Truck driver or : truck company : 86 32 52 22 12 : Buyer : 0 4 2 6 2 : Other : 28 3 2 5 7 : Trucks not cleaned : 0 3 1/ 3 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Person responsible :----------------------------------------------------------- for making sure : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, trucks were cleaned: : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Seller or packer : 66 74 78 39 97 : Truck driver or : truck company : 58 24 40 71 2 : Buyer : 0 6 4 4 1/ : Other : 3 * * 0 1 : Trucks not cleaned : 0 0 0 4 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Person responsible :----------------------------------------------------------- for making sure : Onions, :Peppers, : Straw- :Tomatoes : Water- : All trucks were cleaned: Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons :Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers packers : Seller or packer : 74 57 71 79 55 67 : Truck driver or : truck company : 28 32 22 16 45 29 : Buyer : 7 10 7 7 1 5 : Other : 2 9 2 4 5 6 : Trucks not cleaned : 2 1/ * 1 1 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Less than one percent. 2/ Percent based on number of packers reporting facility packing in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Packing Facilities - Pest Control Methods - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Pest control method:----------------------------------------------------------- : Apples : Avocados : Cherries, :Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Traps or chemical : sprays for insects : 37 89 47 66 * : Traps or chemicals : for rodents : 51 83 45 51 * : Pest monitoring : on a set schedule : 37 21 44 66 * : Pest control record : keeping : 27 21 33 44 * : Grounds maintenance : 84 99 77 91 * : Pest exclusion : 38 40 31 34 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Pest control method:----------------------------------------------------------- : Kiwifruit : Lemons :Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Traps or chemical : sprays for insects : 10 53 30 53 32 : Traps or chemicals : for rodents : 24 59 49 74 36 : Pest monitoring : on a set schedule : 20 65 38 48 33 : Pest control record : keeping : 15 59 36 40 26 : Grounds maintenance : 95 100 97 85 88 : Pest exclusion : 10 65 26 41 27 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Pest control method:----------------------------------------------------------- : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers : Traps or chemical : sprays for insects : 39 18 52 44 : Traps or chemicals : for rodents : 63 38 61 53 : Pest monitoring : on a set schedule : 37 31 35 37 : Pest control record : keeping : 37 20 39 30 : Grounds maintenance : 90 76 87 85 : Pest exclusion : 42 17 31 34 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting facility packing in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Packing Facilities - Pest Control Methods - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Pest control method:----------------------------------------------------------- : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots :Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Traps or chemical : sprays for insects : 36 42 49 40 51 : Traps or chemicals : for rodents : 22 39 45 53 57 : Pest monitoring : on a set schedule : 58 33 54 43 87 : Pest control record : keeping : 42 33 39 41 84 : Grounds maintenance : 60 75 83 89 93 : Pest exclusion : 42 18 35 52 74 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Pest control method:----------------------------------------------------------- : Celery :Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Traps or chemical : sprays for insects : 70 41 31 41 * : Traps or chemicals : for rodents : 55 49 22 41 * : Pest monitoring : on a set schedule : 62 40 48 41 * : Pest control record : keeping : 75 37 22 44 * : Grounds maintenance : 88 77 87 52 * : Pest exclusion : 55 22 27 29 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Pest control method:----------------------------------------------------------- : Onions, :Peppers, : Straw- :Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons :Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers packers : Traps or chemical : sprays for insects : 37 43 36 40 24 38 : Traps or chemicals : for rodents : 21 49 22 30 20 34 : Pest monitoring : on a set schedule : 30 41 28 34 34 37 : Pest control record : keeping : 20 47 26 33 20 33 : Grounds maintenance : 62 85 67 76 79 73 : Pest exclusion : 19 14 22 18 19 23 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of packers reporting facility packing in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices How Harvest Containers were Cleaned before Sending to Another Grower - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Cleaning method :----------------------------------------------------------- : Apples : Avocados : Cherries, :Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Remove debris or : brushed out : 77 68 69 84 * : Rinsed or : washed out : 77 77 81 47 * : Sanitized : 46 13 56 66 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Cleaning method :----------------------------------------------------------- : Kiwifruit : Lemons :Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Remove debris or : brushed out : 93 69 62 93 71 : Rinsed or : washed out : 58 75 82 65 55 : Sanitized : 15 69 33 50 22 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Cleaning method :----------------------------------------------------------- : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers : Remove debris or : brushed out : 70 85 94 74 : Rinsed or : washed out : 91 77 89 74 : Sanitized : 28 18 50 36 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of facility packers reporting harvest containers were cleaned before sending to another grower in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices How Harvest Containers were Cleaned before Sending to Another Grower - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Cleaning method :----------------------------------------------------------- : Broccoli : Cabbage :Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Remove debris or : brushed out : 58 66 76 59 * : Rinsed or : washed out : 71 65 74 87 * : Sanitized : 71 26 15 32 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Cleaning method :----------------------------------------------------------- : Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews : Lettuce, : Lettuce, : : : : Head : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Remove debris or : brushed out : 92 77 * * * : Rinsed or : washed out : 100 88 * * * : Sanitized : 69 32 * * * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Cleaning method :----------------------------------------------------------- : Onions, : Peppers : Straw- :Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons :Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers packers : Remove debris or : brushed out : 60 89 63 82 76 78 : Rinsed or : washed out : 74 72 96 83 48 79 : Sanitized : 7 21 66 31 8 33 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. 1/ Percent based on number of facility packers reporting harvest containers were cleaned before sending to another grower in 1999. Packer Agricultural Practices Trace Back Information on Crop Shipped - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, Sweet : Grapefruit : Grapes, Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 65 * 63 87 97 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Kiwifruit : Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers 70 96 78 * 50 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers 61 91 92 66 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. Packer Agricultural Practices Trace Back Information on Crop Shipped - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers % of packers 93 48 26 64 71 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews :Lettuce, Head : Lettuce, Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers 89 41 77 88 91 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of packers packers packers packers packers packers 40 49 44 36 26 44 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Packer Agricultural Practices Type of Trace Back Information on Crop Shipped - Percent of Packers Fruit Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Type of trace :----------------------------------------------------------- back information : Apples : Avocados : Cherries, :Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Farm : 56 * 58 53 95 : Field or block : 27 * 22 65 90 : Date of harvest : 23 * 24 64 94 : Picker or harvester : 17 * 19 28 78 : Packinghouse or : packer : 31 * 38 81 79 : Date packed : 29 * 26 75 26 : Other : 17 * 25 32 11 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Type of trace :----------------------------------------------------------- back information : Kiwifruit : Lemons :Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Farm : 61 67 73 * 47 : Field or block : 26 50 53 * 11 : Date of harvest : 22 79 59 * 11 : Picker or harvester : 13 42 20 * 7 : Packinghouse or : packer : 44 96 78 * 16 : Date packed : 44 96 76 * 12 : Other : 39 * 45 * 16 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Type of trace :----------------------------------------------------------- back information : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers : Farm : 53 72 57 54 : Field or block : 23 34 35 31 : Date of harvest : 32 59 39 34 : Picker or harvester : 17 12 21 20 : Packinghouse or : packer : 40 63 83 44 : Date packed : 45 66 66 39 : Other : 31 41 34 21 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. Packer Agricultural Practices Type of Trace Back Information on Crop Shipped - Percent of Packers Vegetable Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Type of trace :----------------------------------------------------------- back information : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots :Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Farm : 78 42 21 42 71 : Field or block : 52 10 2 16 48 : Date of harvest : 52 13 8 18 66 : Picker or harvester : 45 9 6 11 63 : Packinghouse or : packer : 64 20 12 23 51 : Date packed : 62 14 9 35 51 : Other : 14 6 7 * 14 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Type of trace :----------------------------------------------------------- back information : Celery :Cucumbers:Honeydews :Lettuce, Head:Lettuce, Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers : Farm : 79 39 63 81 14 : Field or block : 51 4 20 23 6 : Date of harvest : 59 8 17 24 7 : Picker or harvester : 49 3 10 15 1 : Packinghouse or : packer : 66 8 37 38 6 : Date packed : 54 6 34 21 10 : Other : 21 3 24 10 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Type of trace :----------------------------------------------------------- back information : Onions, :Peppers, : Straw- :Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons :Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : packers packers packers packers packers packers : Farm : 35 39 39 31 22 38 : Field or block : 6 10 16 7 6 12 : Date of harvest : 8 19 22 14 6 16 : Picker or harvester : 3 10 20 8 5 11 : Packinghouse or : packer : 18 21 12 12 9 18 : Date packed : 9 14 18 13 7 16 : Other : 5 6 7 9 * 7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. Packer Agricultural Practices Trace Back Information on Crop Shipped - Percent of Volume Fruit Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples : Avocados : Cherries, Sweet : Grapefruit : Grapes, Table ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume volume 99 100 99 94 99 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Kiwifruit : Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of volume % of volume % of volume % of volume % of volume 99 98 100 99 93 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Fruit Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of volume % of volume % of volume % of volume 98 98 81 98 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Packer Agricultural Practices Trace Back Information on Crop Shipped - Percent of Volume Vegetable Program States, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of volume % of volume % of volume % of volume % of volume 100 80 90 100 * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celery : Cucumbers : Honeydews :Lettuce, Head : Lettuce, Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume volume 90 90 97 100 90 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Vegetable Crop (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onions, : Peppers, : Strawberries : Tomatoes : Watermelons : All Bulb : Bell : : : : Vegetables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ % of % of % of % of % of % of volume volume volume volume volume volume 60 89 90 98 97 95 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Insufficient data. Packer Agricultural Practices Type of Trace Back Information on Crop Shipped - Percent of Volume Fruit Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop Type of trace :----------------------------------------------------------- back information : Apples : Avocados : Cherries, :Grapefruit : Grapes, : : : Sweet : : Table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : volume volume volume volume volume : Farm : 98 56 86 68 97 : Field or block : 81 31 75 58 94 : Date of harvest : 85 71 49 53 97 : Picker or harvester : 64 6 59 31 90 : Packinghouse or : packer : 98 94 89 87 94 : Date packed : 72 95 87 67 22 : Other : 67 45 63 44 6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Type of trace :----------------------------------------------------------- back information : Kiwifruit : Lemons : Nectarines : Oranges : Peaches -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : volume volume volume volume volume : Farm : 92 71 91 85 87 : Field or block : 72 72 77 73 57 : Date of harvest : 56 72 54 76 53 : Picker or harvester : 19 34 18 19 35 : Packinghouse or : packer : 99 98 100 98 69 : Date packed : 99 98 98 92 57 : Other : 11 22 48 35 46 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Fruit Crop (continued) Type of trace :----------------------------------------------------------- back information : Pears : Plums : Tangerines : All Fruit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of : volume volume volume volume : Farm : 91 89 41 90 : Field or block : 49 82 40 75 : Date of harvest : 46 69 40 77 : Picker or harvester : 40 10 14 44 : Packinghouse or : packer : 93 97 81 96 : Date packed : 93 98 59 79 : Other : 72 35 35 51 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Packer Agricultural Practices Type of Trace Back Information on Crop Shipped - Percent of Volume Vegetable Program States, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop Type of trace :----------------------------------------------------------- back information : Broccoli : Cabbage : Cantaloups : Carrots : Cauliflower -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : volume volume volume volume volume : Farm : 99 68 31 84 * : Field or block : 86 41 17 79 * : Date of harvest : 86 44 51 81 * : Picker or harvester : 83 35 51 57 * : Packinghouse or : packer : 86 46 89 86 * : Date packed : 86 60 54 87 * : Other : 42 16 47 * * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Type of trace :----------------------------------------------------------- back information : Celery :Cucumbers :Honeydews :Lettuce, Head:Lettuce, Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of : volume volume volume volume volume : Farm : 90 84 64 93 90 : Field or block : 86 45 17 48 10 : Date of harvest : 86 48 47 48 12 : Picker or harvester : 84 30 45 11 6 : Packinghouse or : packer : 89 58 83 52 31 : Date packed : 86 50 63 45 10 : Other : * 7 88 * 15 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Target Vegetable Crop (continued) Type of trace :----------------------------------------------------------- back information : Onions, :Peppers, : Straw- :Tomatoes : Water- : All : Bulb : Bell : berries : : melons :Vegetables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : % of % of % of % of % of % of : volume volume volume volume volume volume : Farm : 49 55 84 80 92 86 : Field or block : 25 47 66 59 5 42 : Date of harvest : 20 50 72 83 15 49 : Picker or harvester : 6 46 64 52 4 34 : Packinghouse or : packer : 45 81 50 83 85 77 : Date packed : 33 48 67 88 15 51 : Other : 21 12 44 38 1/ 15 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient data. Terms and Definitions Broadcast: To apply fertilizer in all directions by scattering. Buffer strip: Also referred to as a filter strip. A strip of permanent vegetation of sufficient width and vegetative density adjacent to or near a susceptible target area to provide protection from microbial contamination through water. The vegetation retards the flow of run-off water, causing the flowing water to deposit silt. Chlorine: The chemical element CL. A greenish-yellow gaseous element used in water purification as a disinfectant. Composting: A managed process (treatment, turning, etc.) in which organic materials are placed in a pit or enclosure, moistened and decomposed. The compost is then used as fertilizer. Conveyor: A mechanical device for carrying material from one point to another. Drip/trickle irrigation: Watering plants so that only soil in the plant's immediate vicinity is moistened. Water is supplied from a thin plastic tube at a low flow rate. It is the most efficient use of water for irrigation and also reduces the chance of pathogens because the entire plant is not wetted, thereby denying moisture to the microorganisms. Facility: A building or other physical structure used for or in connection with the harvesting, washing, sorting, grading, storage, packaging, labeling, holding, or transport of a product. Field packing: Packing produce directly from the field into market containers for commercial distribution and sale. Float/soak tank: Tanks filled with water and cleansing agents to clean produce. Flume transport: An inclined, open conduit or trough-like structure for the conduction of water and floating objects. Forced air cooling: A fan powered cooling system which exposes packages of produce in a cooling room to higher air pressure on one side than on the other forcing the cool air through the packages and past the produce for heat transfer from the produce. Gravity irrigation: Water that moves through soils under the influence of gravity. It is distinguished from a pumped supply of water. Hmong: The language of people who originated in China and migrated to Burma, Northern Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. Terms and Definitions (continued) Hydro cooling: A cooling process accomplished by flooding the produce with large volumes of chilled water, normally in a hydro-cooler designed specifically for that purpose. Hygiene: The science of health and the prevention of disease. Conditions and practices (such as hand washing) promoting or preserving health. Incorporation: To unite or combine to form a single whole such as fertilizer tilled or injected into the soil. Microbial: Pertaining to microorganisms. Microorganism: Bacteria, molds, viruses, and other organisms so small that they cannot be seen without the aid of a microscope. Some microorganisms are beneficial and help create food products, some cause foods to spoil, and some harmful microorganisms can cause sickness and even death. Mobile packing unit: A piece of equipment that moves slowly through the field allowing workers to harvest and pack produce as it progresses. Organic crops: Crops grown using only organic (carbon containing) compounds. Organic growers may use fertilizers and pesticides, but these compounds must be organic and not synthetic chemicals. Overhead sprinkler system: Overhead application of water to a crop by any of a wide range of systems, e.g. center pivot. The entire plant is wetted. Ozone: A blue gaseous allotrope of oxygen, derived from diatomic oxygen by electric discharge or exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Packing facility: In many instances fresh produce is harvested in one location and transported to a central facility for cleaning and packing into market containers. The size of the packing facility can range from a small on-farm shed to a large commercial plant. Pathogen: Any microorganism that causes disease in humans. Pun Jabi: A central Indic language spoken in Punjab, an area in northwest India. Sanitizing: Treatment to kill microorganisms. Includes rinsing, soaking, spraying, or wiping the surface with a sanitizing solution. Surfaces should be properly washed and rinsed before they are sanitized. An unclean surface cannot be effectively sanitized because soap and soil inactivate sanitizing solutions. Sludge: Residual solid matter which remain after sewage treatment: the sewage solids deposited by sedimentation in sewage treatment, sometimes used as a fertilizer. Terms and Definitions (continued) Slushed ice cooling: The packing of produce where alternate layers of ice and the commodity are placed in a shipping box or crate. A preferred cooling method for many types of extremely perishable produce items that not only removes heat rapidly when first applied to produce but continues to absorb heat as it melts. Subirrigation: Water supplied to the soil (from ditches or through underground tile lines, or perforated pipe lines, or by natural subsoil moisture) in sufficient amounts to maintain a water table sufficiently close to the soil surface to supply adequate water quantities for crop needs. Trace back: The ability to trace a fruit or vegetable back to its source of origin. A common practice used by health officials to investigate foodborne illness outbreaks. Retailer, stocker, shipper, packer, grower, field, harvester, date of harvest are information items which may be part of a trace back system. Ultraviolet (UV) light: Ultraviolet light is a form of radiation which is not visible to the human eye. It is sometimes used for irradiation of produce to eliminate disease pathogens. Vacuum cooling: A cooling system where the product is put into a vacuum chamber and the atmospheric pressure is lowered. As water evaporates, the heat of vaporization quickly removes heat from the product. Commonly used for leafy vegetables, such as lettuce. Survey Procedures: The Fruit and Vegetable Agricultural Practices Survey used a multiple phase sampling design. The first phase involved conduct of a Screening Survey in mid 1999. Based on information maintained on NASS's List Sampling Frame, a large sample of growers of targeted fruit and vegetables were contacted to collect total acres planted and the percent of production intended for fresh market use. When growers reported production intended for fresh market use, they were also asked if they planned on packing the crop for fresh market use. A list of commercial packers was also screened to determine the targeted crops that were actually packed by each packing operation. A sample of "in scope"growers from the Screening Survey was selected for the "Grower" Fruit and Vegetable Agricultural Practices Survey. All packers (whether grower-packer or only packer) were selected for the "Packer" Fruit and Vegetable Agricultural Practices Survey. Each grower in the sample was selected to report on up to two targeted commodities. If a grower grew more than two targeted commodities, the two randomly selected commodities were most likely to be the ones that had the most significant contribution to the State's total acreage. If a packer packed more than two targeted commodities, the two randomly selected commodities were most likely the ones that had the lowest number of total packers in the State for the targeted commodities. This procedure insured adequate coverage of each targeted fruit and vegetable in terms of number of growers, acres harvested for fresh market, and the number of packers. There are two differences in the commodities published for "Grower" and "Packer" agricultural practices. Due to a commodity coding error in the sampling phase, raisin grapes were not surveyed in the Packer Survey and are therefore not included in the Packer "All fruit" data. Limes are not published separately in the Packer data due to a small number of usable reports, but are included in the Packer "All fruit" data. A total of 6,867 commodity level usable reports were summarized in the Grower Fruit and Vegetable Agricultural Practices Survey. The number of commodity level usable reports summarized in the Packer Fruit and Vegetable Agricultural Practices Survey was 2,868. Reliability: The probability nature of the survey provides for expansion of data so estimates are statistically representative of agricultural practices for the targeted commodities in the surveyed States. The reliability of these survey results is affected by sampling variability and non-sampling errors. The results of this survey are subject to sampling variability. Sampling variability is a measure of how the estimates would differ if other samples had been drawn. The sampling variability expressed as a percent of the estimate is called the coefficient of variation (cv). Sampling variability of the estimates differed considerably by agricultural practice. In general, the more frequent an agricultural practice occurred, the smaller the sampling variability. For more common practices, cv's will range from 10-90 percent at the U.S. level. Some less frequent practices could have cv's above 150 percent These items have insufficient data for publication and these instances are noted with an asterisk (*) Non-sampling errors occur during a survey process, and unlike sampling variability, are difficult to measure. They may be caused by interviewers failing to follow instructions, poorly worded questions, non-response, problematic survey procedures, or data handling mistakes between collection and publication. In this survey, all survey procedures and analyses were carried out in a consistent and orderly manner to minimize the occurrence of these types of errors. Report Features Released June, 2001, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture. For information on "Fruit and Vegetable Agricultural Practices" call (202) 720-6146, office hours 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET. Listed below are persons within the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. Chris Cadwallader, Environmental Statistician (202) 690-0392 Norman Bennett, Head, Environmental and Demographics Section (202) 720-0684 Linda Hutton, Chief, Economics, Environmental and Demographics Branch (202) 720-6146 The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA's TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C., 20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. 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