Farm Labor ISSN: 1949-0909 Released November 19, 2012, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). October Hired Workers and Wage Rates Increase Over 5 Percent From a Year Ago There were 906,000 workers hired directly by farm operators on the Nation's farms and ranches during the week of July 8-14, 2012, up nearly 9 percent from the July 2011 reference week. Workers hired directly by farm operators numbered 872,000 for the reference week of October 7-13, 2012, up more than 5 percent from the October 2011 reference week. Farm operators paid their hired workers an average wage of $11.36 per hour during the July 2012 reference week, up nearly 4 percent from a year earlier. Field workers received an average of $10.71 per hour, up more than 4 percent, while livestock workers earned $10.89 per hour compared with $10.29 a year earlier. The field and livestock worker combined wage rate, at $10.75 per hour, was up 47 cents from last year. The number of hours worked averaged 40.4 for hired workers during the reference week, down a little over 2 percent from July 2011. Farm operators paid their hired workers an average wage of $11.76 per hour during the October 2012 reference week, up over 5 percent from a year earlier. Field workers received an average of $11.22 per hour, up over 6 percent from a year earlier. Livestock workers earned $10.83, up 16 cents. The field and livestock worker combined wage rate, at $11.13 per hour, was up 56 cents from a year earlier. The number of hours worked averaged 41.5 for hired workers during the reference week, nearly the same as hours worked in October 2011. July Reference Week For the July reference week, the largest percentage increases in the number of hired workers from last year occurred in the Northeast II (Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania) region followed by the Cornbelt I (Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio) region. Good field conditions and continuing increases in principal field crop acreage prompted increased demand across many farm types in Northeast II, while drought conditions in Cornbelt I led to both early silage harvest and supplemental feeding of livestock in some areas. The largest percentage decreases in the number of hired workers from last year occurred in the Appalachian II (Kentucky, Tennessee, and West Virginia) region followed by the Cornbelt II (Iowa and Missouri) region. Wet conditions prevailed in Appalachian II and fewer workers were in the field during the reference week this year. In Cornbelt II, the drought conditions led to decreased labor demand for field crop and hay operations. Hired worker wage rates were above the previous year rates in the majority of regions. The largest increases occurred in the Northern Plains (Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota) region followed by the Cornbelt I region. Increases in the wage rate for field and livestock workers, plus a slight increase in the proportion of supervisory and other workers, was seen in both regions. October Reference Week For the October reference week, the largest percentage increases in the number of hired workers from last year occurred in the Appalachian II (Kentucky, Tennessee, and West Virginia) region followed by the Northeast II (Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania) region. Strong demand for tobacco, field crop, and livestock workers was seen in Appalachian II and increased demand in Northeast II across many farm types. The largest percentage decreases in the number of hired workers from last year occurred in the Corn Belt II (Iowa and Missouri) region followed by California. In Cornbelt II, early harvest of principle crops meant less workers in the field during the reference week this year and California saw decreases in hired worker demand from primarily nurseries and fruit and nut operations. Hired worker wage rates were above the previous year rates in the majority of regions. The largest increases occurred in the Pacific (Oregon and Washington) region followed by the Mountain III (Arizona and New Mexico) region. The field and livestock worker wage was up substantially in the Pacific region. Increases in the wage rate for field and livestock workers, plus a slight increase in the proportion of supervisory and other workers, were seen in the Mountain III region. Contents Hired Workers and Wage Rates - United States............................................................ 5 Number of Workers and Hours Worked - Region and United States: October 7-13, 2012....................... 6 Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Region and United States: October 7-13, 2012............................. 7 Number of Workers and Hours Worked - Region and United States: July 8-14, 2012.......................... 8 Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Region and United States: July 8-14, 2012................................ 9 Number of Workers and Hours Worked - Region and United States: April 8-14, 2012......................... 10 Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Region and United States: April 8-14, 2012............................... 11 Number of Workers and Hours Worked - Region and United States: January 8-14, 2012....................... 12 Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Region and United States: January 8-14, 2012............................. 13 Number of Workers and Hours Worked - Region and United States: October 9-15, 2011....................... 14 Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Region and United States: October 9-15, 2011............................. 15 Number of Workers and Hours Worked - Region and United States: July 10-16, 2011......................... 16 Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Region and United States: July 10-16, 2011............................... 17 Combined Field and Livestock Worker Wage Rates by Type of Farm - Region and 48 States: October 7-13, 2012...................................................................................... 18 Combined Field and Livestock Worker Wage Rates by Type of Farm - Region and 48 States: July 8-14, 2012.. 18 Combined Field and Livestock Worker Wage Rates by Type of Farm - Region and 48 States: October 9-15, 2011...................................................................................... 19 Combined Field and Livestock Worker Wage Rates by Type of Farm - Region and 48 States: July 10-16, 2011........................................................................................ 19 All Hired Worker Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm - Region and 48 States: October 7-13, 2012........ 20 All Hired Worker Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm - Region and 48 States: July 8-14, 2012........... 20 All Hired Worker Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm - Region and 48 States: October 9-15, 2011........ 21 All Hired Worker Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm - Region and 48 States: July 10-16, 2011.......... 21 Field and Livestock Workers by Type of Farm............................................................. 22 Hired Workers by Economic Class of Farm................................................................. 22 Hired Workers by Number of Workers on Farm.............................................................. 22 Annual Average Number of Hired Workers and Hours Worked - Region and United States: 2011 and 2012....... 23 Annual Average Wage Rates - Region and United States: 2011 and 2012..................................... 24 Farm Labor Regions-Map ................................................................................. 25 Farm Labor Definitions ................................................................................. 26 Survey Methodology ..................................................................................... 28 Information Contacts ................................................................................... 29 Access to NASS Reports ................................................................................. 30 Hired Workers and Wage Rates - United States [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : July 10-16, : October 9-15, : January 8-14, : April 8-14, : July 8-14, : October 7-13, Farm employment : 2011 : 2011 : 2012 : 2012 : 2012 : 2012 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 : Hired workers : 150 days or more ..........: 603 590 489 580 626 610 149 days or less ..........: 231 238 86 168 280 262 Total ........................: 834 828 575 748 906 872 : : : hours per week : : Hours worked by hired workers ..: 41.2 41.6 39.6 39.2 40.4 41.5 : : : dollars per hour : Wage rate 1/ : Field and livestock combined .: 10.28 10.57 10.58 10.62 10.75 11.13 Field .....................: 10.27 10.54 10.39 10.50 10.71 11.22 Livestock .................: 10.29 10.67 10.96 10.95 10.89 10.83 All hired workers ............: 10.93 11.15 11.52 11.41 11.36 11.76 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Benefits, such as housing and meals, are provided to some workers but the values are not included in the wage rates. Number of Workers and Hours Worked - Region and United States: October 7-13, 2012 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hired :--------------------------------------------------------------- : : Expected to be employed : Region 1/ : Number :-------------------------------: Number : of : 150 days : 149 days : of hours : workers : or more : or less : worked --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------------- 1,000 -------------- hours per week : Northeast I .....: 47 31 16 41.0 Northeast II ....: 48 38 10 37.8 : Appalachian I ...: 36 21 15 39.6 Appalachian II ..: 30 19 11 37.9 : Southeast .......: 29 22 7 37.0 Florida .........: 47 39 8 37.6 : Lake ............: 72 41 31 37.2 : Cornbelt I ......: 65 43 22 37.9 Cornbelt II .....: 29 20 9 36.2 : Delta ...........: 30 17 13 41.0 : Northern Plains .: 43 33 10 43.9 : Southern Plains .: 54 39 15 39.1 : Mountain I ......: 30 20 10 53.6 Mountain II .....: 19 15 4 39.9 Mountain III ....: 21 18 3 47.0 : Pacific .........: 103 59 44 43.7 California ......: 162 129 33 46.5 : Hawaii ..........: 7 6 1 35.5 : United States ...: 872 610 262 41.5 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Region map on page 25. Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Region and United States: October 7-13, 2012 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Type of worker : :-----------------------------------------------------: Wage rates for Region 1/ : : :Field and livestock: all hired workers : Field : Livestock : combined : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per hour : Northeast I .....: 10.99 10.66 10.90 11.38 Northeast II ....: 11.48 11.83 11.55 12.13 : Appalachian I ...: 9.57 10.04 9.70 10.08 Appalachian II ..: 10.48 10.55 10.50 10.98 : Southeast .......: 10.03 9.52 9.90 10.41 Florida .........: 9.25 9.90 9.32 10.24 : Lake ............: 12.06 10.68 11.50 12.01 : Cornbelt I ......: 11.67 11.61 11.65 12.45 Cornbelt II .....: 11.87 10.84 11.50 12.09 : Delta ...........: 9.45 9.46 9.45 9.79 : Northern Plains .: 13.71 11.44 12.90 13.10 : Southern Plains .: 10.06 11.40 10.60 11.38 : Mountain I ......: 10.03 9.47 9.85 10.17 Mountain II .....: 10.74 10.12 10.45 11.63 Mountain III ....: 9.55 11.13 10.10 11.06 : Pacific .........: 13.49 11.41 13.30 13.59 California ......: 10.70 11.50 10.80 11.73 : Hawaii ..........: 12.75 13.90 12.85 15.17 : United States ...: 11.22 10.83 11.13 11.76 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Region map on page 25. Number of Workers and Hours Worked - Region and United States: July 8-14, 2012 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hired :--------------------------------------------------------------- : : Expected to be employed : Region 1/ : Number :-------------------------------: Number : of : 150 days : 149 days : of hours : workers : or more : or less : worked --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------------- 1,000 -------------- hours per week : Northeast I .....: 50 30 20 40.9 Northeast II ....: 60 40 20 37.7 : Appalachian I ...: 39 23 16 40.2 Appalachian II ..: 27 19 8 36.1 : Southeast .......: 30 22 8 36.6 Florida .........: 39 35 4 39.0 : Lake ............: 68 39 29 35.0 : Cornbelt I ......: 56 43 13 37.4 Cornbelt II .....: 30 21 9 37.6 : Delta ...........: 28 16 12 37.8 : Northern Plains .: 43 32 11 39.9 : Southern Plains .: 57 38 19 37.3 : Mountain I ......: 29 21 8 48.5 Mountain II .....: 22 15 7 40.3 Mountain III ....: 18 16 2 43.8 : Pacific .........: 127 64 63 42.6 California ......: 176 146 30 44.6 : Hawaii ..........: 7 6 1 35.1 : United States ...: 906 626 280 40.4 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Region map on page 25. Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Region and United States: July 8-14, 2012 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Type of worker : :-----------------------------------------------------: Wage rates for Region 1/ : : :Field and livestock: all hired workers : Field : Livestock : combined : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per hour : Northeast I .....: 10.91 10.49 10.80 11.21 Northeast II ....: 10.71 12.21 10.95 11.44 : Appalachian I ...: 9.28 10.65 9.60 9.92 Appalachian II ..: 10.66 10.64 10.65 11.33 : Southeast .......: 9.72 9.87 9.75 10.23 Florida .........: 9.28 9.50 9.30 10.47 : Lake ............: 10.42 10.48 10.45 11.07 : Cornbelt I ......: 11.01 11.64 11.20 12.15 Cornbelt II .....: 11.58 10.41 11.10 11.57 : Delta ...........: 9.17 9.80 9.35 9.63 : Northern Plains .: 12.40 11.66 12.10 12.49 : Southern Plains .: 9.95 11.29 10.60 11.15 : Mountain I ......: 9.76 9.38 9.60 9.87 Mountain II .....: 10.12 9.83 10.00 10.81 Mountain III ....: 10.02 10.78 10.35 11.31 : Pacific .........: 11.66 12.15 11.70 12.10 California ......: 10.75 11.55 10.85 11.61 : Hawaii ..........: 12.85 13.40 12.90 15.27 : United States ...: 10.71 10.89 10.75 11.36 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Region map on page 25. Number of Workers and Hours Worked - Region and United States: April 8-14, 2012 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hired :--------------------------------------------------------------- : : Expected to be employed : Region 1/ : Number :-------------------------------: Number : of : 150 days : 149 days : of hours : workers : or more : or less : worked --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------------- 1,000 -------------- hours per week : Northeast I .....: 30 23 7 41.9 Northeast II ....: 35 26 9 39.3 : Appalachian I ...: 28 22 6 41.7 Appalachian II ..: 29 17 12 32.4 : Southeast .......: 36 26 10 36.4 Florida .........: 55 41 14 36.5 : Lake ............: 57 42 15 35.6 : Cornbelt I ......: 44 35 9 37.3 Cornbelt II .....: 24 19 5 32.6 : Delta ...........: 23 18 5 39.4 : Northern Plains .: 33 26 7 41.1 : Southern Plains .: 58 40 18 40.9 : Mountain I ......: 29 24 5 38.4 Mountain II .....: 19 13 6 42.4 Mountain III ....: 20 18 2 50.7 : Pacific .........: 66 48 18 42.3 California ......: 156 137 19 39.8 : Hawaii ..........: 6 5 1 37.5 : United States ...: 748 580 168 39.2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Region map on page 25. Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Region and United States: April 8-14, 2012 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Type of worker : :-----------------------------------------------------: Wage rates for Region 1/ : : :Field and livestock: all hired workers : Field : Livestock : combined : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per hour : Northeast I .....: 11.52 10.30 11.05 11.70 Northeast II ....: 10.19 9.84 10.10 11.14 : Appalachian I ...: 9.57 9.80 9.62 10.09 Appalachian II ..: 8.80 8.76 8.78 9.64 : Southeast .......: 9.61 9.91 9.67 10.13 Florida .........: 10.60 10.35 10.58 11.56 : Lake ............: 11.71 11.59 11.66 12.55 : Cornbelt I ......: 11.81 12.59 12.10 12.54 Cornbelt II .....: 11.94 11.60 11.80 12.21 : Delta ...........: 9.41 10.38 9.62 10.27 : Northern Plains .: 12.29 11.18 11.90 12.83 : Southern Plains .: 9.40 10.00 9.55 10.05 : Mountain I ......: 10.74 10.60 10.65 11.23 Mountain II .....: 9.60 9.82 9.67 10.97 Mountain III ....: 9.07 10.07 9.22 9.79 : Pacific .........: 10.85 12.62 11.04 11.67 California ......: 10.55 11.85 10.83 11.81 : Hawaii ..........: 12.35 14.80 12.65 15.26 : United States ...: 10.50 10.95 10.62 11.41 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Region map on page 25. Number of Workers and Hours Worked - Region and United States: January 8-14, 2012 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hired :--------------------------------------------------------------- : : Expected to be employed : Region 1/ : Number :-------------------------------: Number : of : 150 days : 149 days : of hours : workers : or more : or less : worked --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------------- 1,000 ------------- hours per week : Northeast I .....: 21 19 2 41.3 Northeast II ....: 25 21 4 34.8 : Appalachian I ...: 19 17 2 39.4 Appalachian II ..: 19 15 4 36.7 : Southeast .......: 26 20 6 36.1 Florida .........: 50 41 9 38.5 : Lake ............: 39 35 4 34.5 : Cornbelt I ......: 31 29 2 37.9 Cornbelt II .....: 17 16 1 36.5 : Delta ...........: 16 14 2 36.0 : Northern Plains .: 25 22 3 41.5 : Southern Plains .: 47 37 10 37.8 : Mountain I ......: 19 18 1 44.3 Mountain II .....: 14 12 2 41.5 Mountain III ....: 19 18 1 48.0 : Pacific .........: 47 38 9 38.9 California ......: 135 112 23 42.8 : Hawaii ..........: 6 5 1 37.1 : United States ...: 575 489 86 39.6 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Region map on page 25. Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Region and United States: January 8-14, 2012 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Type of worker : :-----------------------------------------------------: Wage rates for Region 1/ : : :Field and livestock: all hired workers : Field : Livestock : combined : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per hour : Northeast I .....: 11.62 10.48 11.00 11.65 Northeast II ....: 10.50 10.25 10.42 11.86 : Appalachian I ...: 9.76 10.18 9.91 10.56 Appalachian II ..: 8.46 9.06 8.79 9.77 : Southeast .......: 9.64 10.49 9.81 10.53 Florida .........: 10.35 10.65 10.37 11.43 : Lake ............: 12.99 11.47 11.95 13.12 : Cornbelt I ......: 12.16 12.42 12.30 13.05 Cornbelt II .....: 11.90 10.93 11.30 11.50 : Delta ...........: 9.33 10.48 9.74 10.67 : Northern Plains .: 13.34 10.92 12.15 13.05 : Southern Plains .: 9.75 10.36 9.95 10.75 : Mountain I ......: 9.81 10.15 10.05 10.90 Mountain II .....: 10.70 9.95 10.31 11.89 Mountain III ....: 9.06 10.70 9.37 10.05 : Pacific .........: 10.73 12.58 11.00 11.85 California ......: 10.08 11.75 10.42 11.38 : Hawaii ..........: 12.20 15.30 12.45 15.05 : United States ...: 10.39 10.96 10.58 11.52 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Region map on page 25. Number of Workers and Hours Worked - Region and United States: October 9-15, 2011 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hired :--------------------------------------------------------------- : : Expected to be employed : Region 1/ : Number :-------------------------------: Number : of : 150 days : 149 days : of hours : workers : or more : or less : worked --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------------- 1,000 -------------- hours per week : Northeast I .....: 40 30 10 41.8 Northeast II ....: 36 26 10 39.0 : Appalachian I ...: 39 28 11 41.3 Appalachian II ..: 20 11 9 35.7 : Southeast .......: 29 19 10 33.8 Florida .........: 41 34 7 37.3 : Lake ............: 77 46 31 40.8 : Cornbelt I ......: 50 31 19 39.5 Cornbelt II .....: 33 20 13 38.3 : Delta ...........: 31 22 9 44.7 : Northern Plains .: 39 30 9 43.8 : Southern Plains .: 45 37 8 41.0 : Mountain I ......: 29 21 8 50.7 Mountain II .....: 18 14 4 41.1 Mountain III ....: 19 16 3 49.1 : Pacific .........: 90 49 41 41.4 California ......: 185 150 35 43.6 : Hawaii ..........: 7 6 1 38.0 : United States ...: 828 590 238 41.6 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Region map on page 25. Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Region and United States: October 9-15, 2011 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Type of worker : :-----------------------------------------------------: Wage rates for Region 1/ : : :Field and livestock: all hired workers : Field : Livestock : combined : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per hour : Northeast I .....: 11.36 11.18 11.30 11.84 Northeast II ....: 10.04 10.43 10.15 11.16 : Appalachian I ...: 9.54 10.50 9.70 10.10 Appalachian II ..: 9.44 9.58 9.50 10.43 : Southeast .......: 9.87 9.09 9.65 10.10 Florida .........: 9.25 10.20 9.35 10.56 : Lake ............: 11.59 10.71 11.30 11.83 : Cornbelt I ......: 11.15 11.01 11.10 11.38 Cornbelt II .....: 12.07 10.60 11.50 11.66 : Delta ...........: 9.12 9.68 9.20 9.64 : Northern Plains .: 12.58 10.61 11.85 12.13 : Southern Plains .: 9.53 11.03 10.10 10.78 : Mountain I ......: 10.38 10.08 10.25 10.45 Mountain II .....: 10.90 10.22 10.60 11.36 Mountain III ....: 8.77 10.55 9.50 10.10 : Pacific .........: 11.42 11.78 11.45 12.04 California ......: 10.15 11.20 10.30 10.96 : Hawaii ..........: 12.55 13.60 12.65 14.83 : United States ...: 10.54 10.67 10.57 11.15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Region map on page 25. Number of Workers and Hours Worked - Region and United States: July 10-16, 2011 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hired :--------------------------------------------------------------- : : Expected to be employed : Region 1/ : Number :-------------------------------: Number : of : 150 days : 149 days : of hours : workers : or more : or less : worked --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------------- 1,000 -------------- hours per week : Northeast I .....: 38 28 10 41.3 Northeast II ....: 33 21 12 39.2 : Appalachian I ...: 41 31 10 42.8 Appalachian II ..: 32 19 13 34.0 : Southeast .......: 31 22 9 39.4 Florida .........: 40 37 3 40.3 : Lake ............: 74 50 24 36.7 : Cornbelt I ......: 41 29 12 34.4 Cornbelt II .....: 33 25 8 37.1 : Delta ...........: 25 18 7 39.5 : Northern Plains .: 37 27 10 45.2 : Southern Plains .: 51 40 11 40.0 : Mountain I ......: 28 21 7 44.5 Mountain II .....: 19 16 3 46.0 Mountain III ....: 16 15 1 46.8 : Pacific .........: 111 56 55 42.5 California ......: 177 142 35 44.7 : Hawaii ..........: 7 6 1 38.0 : United States ...: 834 603 231 41.2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Region map on page 25. Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Region and United States: July 10-16, 2011 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Type of worker : :-----------------------------------------------------: Wage rates for Region 1/ : : :Field and livestock: all hired workers : Field : Livestock : combined : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per hour : Northeast I .....: 10.63 9.83 10.35 11.00 Northeast II ....: 9.93 10.46 10.05 10.95 : Appalachian I ...: 9.20 9.89 9.35 9.85 Appalachian II ..: 9.49 9.51 9.50 10.50 : Southeast .......: 9.18 8.72 9.05 9.70 Florida .........: 9.90 10.20 9.95 12.15 : Lake ............: 10.33 10.24 10.30 10.75 : Cornbelt I ......: 10.66 10.63 10.65 11.15 Cornbelt II .....: 12.25 11.43 12.00 12.15 : Delta ...........: 9.24 10.27 9.50 9.85 : Northern Plains .: 11.04 10.96 11.00 11.20 : Southern Plains .: 10.14 10.25 10.20 10.60 : Mountain I ......: 10.18 9.91 10.05 10.25 Mountain II .....: 9.77 9.19 9.55 10.55 Mountain III ....: 9.89 10.65 10.20 11.10 : Pacific .........: 10.82 10.56 10.80 11.28 California ......: 10.10 10.90 10.20 10.90 : Hawaii ..........: 12.70 13.25 12.76 14.91 : United States ...: 10.27 10.29 10.28 10.93 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Region map on page 25. Combined Field and Livestock Worker Wage Rates by Type of Farm - Region and 48 States: October 7-13, 2012 [Excludes agricultural service workers] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Region 1/ : Field : Other : Livestock : All : crops : crops : and poultry : farms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per hour : Northeast ......................: 12.82 11.08 11.22 11.21 Appalachian ....................: 10.17 10.06 9.94 10.06 Southeast and Florida ..........: 11.21 9.27 9.89 9.55 Lake ...........................: 13.37 11.56 10.81 11.50 Cornbelt .......................: 12.17 11.20 11.02 11.60 Delta ..........................: 9.64 9.05 9.42 9.45 Northern Plains ................: 13.72 15.15 11.12 12.90 Southern Plains ................: 9.13 10.09 11.17 10.60 Mountain .......................: 10.10 10.20 9.95 10.10 Pacific and California .........: 11.93 11.78 11.35 11.74 : 48 States2/ ....................: 11.75 11.15 10.71 11.13 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Region map on page 25. 2/ Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. Combined Field and Livestock Worker Wage Rates by Type of Farm - Region and 48 States: July 8-14, 2012 [Excludes agricultural service workers] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Region 1/ : Field : Other : Livestock : All : crops : crops : and poultry : farms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per hour : Northeast ......................: 12.12 10.58 11.45 10.88 Appalachian ....................: 10.27 9.69 10.11 10.00 Southeast and Florida ..........: 10.37 9.30 9.64 9.50 Lake ...........................: 11.84 9.90 10.61 10.45 Cornbelt .......................: 12.40 9.94 10.80 11.16 Delta ..........................: 9.52 8.95 9.30 9.35 Northern Plains ................: 13.20 10.02 11.40 12.10 Southern Plains ................: 10.20 9.51 11.29 10.60 Mountain .......................: 9.39 10.01 10.05 9.97 Pacific and California .........: 10.51 11.20 11.47 11.20 : 48 States2/ ....................: 11.21 10.65 10.72 10.75 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Region map on page 25. 2/ Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. Combined Field and Livestock Worker Wage Rates by Type of Farm - Region and 48 States: October 9-15, 2011 [Excludes agricultural service workers] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Region 1/ : Field : Other : Livestock : All : crops : crops : and poultry : farms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per hour : Northeast ......................: 9.75 10.85 10.92 10.79 Appalachian ....................: 9.64 9.24 10.26 9.64 Southeast and Florida ..........: (D) 9.31 9.67 9.47 Lake ...........................: 12.56 10.91 11.15 11.30 Cornbelt .......................: 12.35 10.01 10.84 11.26 Delta ..........................: 9.35 8.84 9.54 9.20 Northern Plains ................: 13.23 10.76 10.51 11.85 Southern Plains ................: 10.04 8.86 11.12 10.10 Mountain .......................: 10.18 9.57 10.33 10.09 Pacific and California .........: 12.45 10.50 11.10 10.66 : 48 States2/ ....................: 11.34 10.22 10.71 10.57 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (D)Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. 1/ Region map on page 25. 2/ Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. Combined Field and Livestock Worker Wage Rates by Type of Farm - Region and 48 States: July 10-16, 2011 [Excludes agricultural service workers] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Region 1/ : Field : Other : Livestock : All : crops : crops : and poultry : farms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per hour : Northeast ......................: 9.42 10.38 10.09 10.21 Appalachian ....................: 9.14 9.48 9.54 9.41 Southeast and Florida ..........: 9.43 9.58 9.42 9.53 Lake ...........................: 11.22 10.16 10.22 10.30 Cornbelt .......................: 12.25 10.24 11.35 11.29 Delta ..........................: 8.99 9.91 10.33 9.50 Northern Plains ................: 11.42 11.20 10.63 11.00 Southern Plains ................: (D) 9.20 10.32 10.20 Mountain .......................: 9.02 9.85 10.16 9.94 Pacific and California .........: 11.58 10.30 10.31 10.36 : 48 States2/ ....................: 10.68 10.14 10.24 10.25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (D)Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. 1/ Region map on page 25. 2/ Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. All Hired Worker Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm - Region and 48 States: October 7-13, 2012 [Excludes agricultural service workers] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Gross value sales-$1,000 : Region 1/ :-----------------------------------------------------------: All : <50 : 50-99 : 100-249 : 250-499 : 500-999 : 1,000+ : farms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per hour : Northeast ......................: 11.56 11.27 10.23 10.34 11.36 12.15 11.74 Appalachian ....................: 11.57 10.89 10.97 10.88 8.82 10.88 10.48 Southeast and Florida ..........: 10.85 12.02 9.80 10.23 10.54 10.15 10.30 Lake ...........................: 10.80 10.05 11.21 11.14 13.63 11.80 12.01 Cornbelt .......................: 10.69 9.72 12.14 10.87 12.01 13.24 12.34 Delta ..........................: 10.23 9.35 10.10 8.91 9.55 9.94 9.79 Northern Plains ................: 9.82 10.40 10.92 13.09 13.52 13.67 13.10 Southern Plains ................: 10.58 11.79 13.84 12.17 12.05 11.05 11.38 Mountain .......................: 11.58 13.48 9.14 10.83 9.64 10.93 10.76 Pacific and California .........: 12.31 13.06 12.72 13.16 12.90 12.30 12.43 : 48 States2/ ....................: 10.89 11.37 11.43 11.58 11.79 11.93 11.74 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Region map on page 25. 2/ Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. All Hired Worker Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm - Region and 48 States: July 8-14, 2012 [Excludes agricultural service workers] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Gross value sales-$1,000 : Region 1/ :-----------------------------------------------------------: All : <50 : 50-99 : 100-249 : 250-499 : 500-999 : 1,000+ : farms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per hour : Northeast ......................: 11.25 9.80 9.67 10.22 11.48 11.81 11.33 Appalachian ....................: 12.26 11.54 10.92 10.56 9.16 10.59 10.46 Southeast and Florida ..........: 11.00 10.84 9.42 9.66 9.73 10.45 10.37 Lake ...........................: 11.06 9.68 10.07 10.28 12.33 11.08 11.07 Cornbelt .......................: 13.80 8.09 11.55 11.22 11.38 12.66 11.95 Delta ..........................: 8.95 10.70 9.18 10.35 10.01 9.92 9.63 Northern Plains ................: 9.94 10.77 10.95 13.63 11.88 13.29 12.49 Southern Plains ................: 10.51 11.09 13.01 11.44 11.76 10.95 11.15 Mountain .......................: 11.02 13.63 8.69 10.81 9.17 10.78 10.51 Pacific and California .........: 11.27 12.88 13.04 12.71 12.26 11.56 11.81 : 48 States2/ ....................: 10.75 10.80 11.12 11.61 11.23 11.50 11.34 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Region map on page 25. 2/ Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. All Hired Worker Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm - Region and 48 States: October 9-15, 2011 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Gross value sales-$1,000 : Region 1/ :-----------------------------------------------------------: All : <50 : 50-99 : 100-249 : 250-499 : 500-999 : 1,000+ : farms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per hour : Northeast ......................: (D) 9.62 12.16 11.54 12.47 11.44 11.53 Appalachian ....................: 8.20 9.98 9.31 9.96 10.68 10.70 10.20 Southeast and Florida ..........: 8.71 9.85 9.62 12.62 9.80 10.83 10.38 Lake ...........................: 11.05 10.32 10.52 10.81 11.59 12.47 11.83 Cornbelt .......................: 11.59 10.18 12.72 10.35 11.08 12.45 11.49 Delta ..........................: (D) 9.53 8.88 8.91 9.40 10.01 9.64 Northern Plains ................: 9.85 (D) 10.34 10.92 12.28 12.78 12.13 Southern Plains ................: 9.60 (D) 10.30 10.96 9.97 10.77 10.78 Mountain .......................: 8.54 10.68 10.63 13.70 11.00 10.97 10.56 Pacific and California .........: 10.71 12.10 11.28 11.91 11.72 11.17 11.30 : 48 States2/ ....................: 9.81 10.41 10.89 11.27 11.38 11.37 11.12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (D)Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. 1/ Region map on page 25. 2/ Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. All Hired Worker Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm - Region and 48 States: July 10-16, 2011 [Excludes agricultural service workers] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Gross value sales-$1,000 : Region 1/ :-----------------------------------------------------------: All : <50 : 50-99 : 100-249 : 250-499 : 500-999 : 1,000+ : farms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per hour : Northeast ......................: 11.11 9.65 8.82 10.06 11.30 11.62 10.98 Appalachian ....................: 9.30 9.50 9.45 10.96 10.24 10.45 10.10 Southeast and Florida ..........: 9.72 10.56 9.38 11.29 9.61 11.77 11.09 Lake ...........................: 11.15 9.62 10.01 9.41 10.27 11.43 10.75 Cornbelt .......................: 11.15 8.58 (D) 10.98 11.75 12.30 11.61 Delta ..........................: 9.86 11.23 9.73 9.69 10.47 9.62 9.85 Northern Plains ................: 8.49 10.55 9.75 9.58 11.75 11.82 11.20 Southern Plains ................: 9.79 10.29 10.45 11.80 11.27 10.38 10.60 Mountain .......................: 8.59 (D) (D) 9.92 10.06 11.10 10.56 Pacific and California .........: 10.69 11.07 11.13 11.52 10.65 11.00 10.98 : 48 States2/ ....................: 10.23 9.78 10.51 10.78 10.78 11.22 10.87 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (D)Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. 1/ Region map on page 25. 2/ Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. Field and Livestock Workers by Type of Farm [Excludes agricultural service workers, Alaska and Hawaii] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : July 10-16, : October 9-15, : January 8-14, : April 8-14, : July 8-14, : October 7-13, Type of farm : 2011 : 2011 : 2012 : 2012 : 2012 : 2012 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Field crops ....................: 13 16 13 14 14 16 Other crops ....................: 58 56 53 58 56 55 Livestock, dairy, and poultry ..: 29 28 34 28 30 29 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hired Workers by Economic Class of Farm [Excludes agricultural service workers, Alaska and Hawaii] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : July 10-16, : October 9-15, : January 8-14, : April 8-14, : July 8-14, : October 7-13, Gross value of sales : 2011 : 2011 : 2012 : 2012 : 2012 : 2012 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Less than $50,000 ..............: 12 8 9 10 11 10 $50,000-$99,999 ................: 5 5 5 5 5 4 $100,000-$249,999 ..............: 10 9 8 8 8 8 $250,000-$499,999 ..............: 10 11 8 9 9 8 $500,000-$999,999 ..............: 13 13 14 13 12 13 $1,000,000 and over ............: 50 54 56 55 55 57 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hired Workers by Number of Workers on Farm [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : July 10-16, : October 9-15, : January 8-14, : April 8-14, : July 8-14, : October 7-13, Gross value of sales : 2011 : 2011 : 2012 : 2012 : 2012 : 2012 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent Employed on farms hiring : 1 worker .....................: 9 8 11 9 10 11 2 workers ....................: 9 9 10 10 7 7 3-6 workers ..................: 19 16 19 20 18 18 7-10 workers .................: 8 9 8 8 9 9 11-20 workers ................: 11 13 9 8 11 12 21-50 workers ................: 14 15 14 13 14 13 51 or more workers ...........: 30 30 29 32 31 30 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Annual Average Number of Hired Workers and Hours Worked - Region and United States: 2011 and 2012 [Excludes agricultural service workers] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hired workers : Hours worked United States :----------------------------------------------------------- and region 1/ : 2011 : 2012 : 2011 : 2012 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------- 1,000 ------ hours per week : Northeast I ........: 35.3 37.0 41.0 41.2 : Northeast II .......: 31.3 42.0 39.1 37.6 : Appalachian I ......: 32.5 30.5 40.6 40.2 : Appalachian II .....: 24.3 26.3 34.9 35.7 Southeast ..........: 29.3 30.3 37.5 36.5 Florida ............: 43.5 47.8 38.2 37.8 : Lake ...............: 63.5 59.0 38.4 35.7 : Cornbelt I .........: 40.0 49.0 36.4 37.6 Cornbelt II ........: 26.5 25.0 38.2 35.8 Delta ..............: 29.0 24.3 41.4 38.9 Northern Plains ....: 36.0 36.0 42.5 41.6 : Southern Plains ....: 49.8 54.0 40.0 38.8 : Mountain I .........: 25.0 26.8 45.4 46.4 Mountain II ........: 18.0 18.5 43.0 41.0 : Mountain III .......: 17.8 19.5 45.7 47.5 : Pacific ............: 79.8 85.8 40.8 42.4 : California .........: 160.5 157.3 43.9 43.5 Hawaii .............: 7.0 6.5 37.9 36.2 : United States 2/ ...: 748.8 775.3 40.8 40.3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Region map on page 25. 2/ Excludes Alaska. Annual Average Wage Rates - Region and United States: 2011 and 2012 [Excludes agricultural service workers. Annual rates are averages of the published wage rates for each survey week weighted by the number of hours worked during the week] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All hired : Field :Field and livestock United States :--------------------------------------------------- and region 1/ : 2011 : 2012 : 2011 : 2012 : 2011 : 2012 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per hour : Northeast I ............................: 11.20 11.43 10.75 11.12 10.56 10.91 (CT, ME, MA, NH, NY, RI, VT) : : Northeast II ...........................: 11.34 11.63 10.49 10.81 10.34 10.87 (DE, MD, NJ, PA) : : Appalachian I ..........................: 10.26 10.10 9.54 9.50 9.70 9.68 (NC, VA) : : Appalachian II .........................: 10.24 10.51 9.32 9.90 9.38 9.80 (KY, TN, WV) : : Southeast ..............................: 9.97 10.31 9.31 9.74 9.39 9.78 (AL, GA, SC) : Florida ................................: 10.92 10.97 9.46 9.96 9.54 9.97 : Lake ...................................: 11.40 12.05 11.09 11.55 10.78 11.30 (MI, MN, WI) : : Cornbelt I .............................: 11.68 12.48 11.18 11.56 11.10 11.74 (IL, IN, OH) : : Cornbelt II ............................: 11.67 11.85 11.84 11.80 11.50 11.41 (IA, MO) : : Delta ..................................: 9.80 9.99 9.27 9.34 9.30 9.50 (AR, LA, MS) : : Northern Plains ........................: 11.97 12.86 12.04 12.96 11.61 12.33 (KS, NE, ND, SD) : : Southern Plains ........................: 10.43 10.81 9.57 9.75 9.88 10.18 (OK, TX) : : Mountain I .............................: 10.55 10.45 10.26 10.04 10.19 9.99 (ID, MT, WY) : : Mountain II ............................: 11.46 11.26 10.50 10.19 10.43 10.08 (CO, NV, UT) : : Mountain III ...........................: 10.71 10.52 9.45 9.33 9.94 9.73 (AZ, NM) : : Pacific ................................: 11.58 12.45 10.87 11.98 10.92 12.00 (OR, WA) : California .............................: 11.04 11.64 10.10 10.56 10.24 10.74 Hawaii .................................: 14.36 15.19 12.14 12.56 12.26 12.72 : United States 2/ .......................: 11.07 11.52 10.33 10.76 10.36 10.80 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Region map on page 25. 2/ Excludes Alaska. Region States Northeast I Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont. Northeast II Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania. Appalachian I North Carolina, Virginia. Appalachian II Kentucky, Tennessee, West Virginia. Southeast Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina. Lake Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin. Cornbelt I Illinois, Indiana, Ohio. Cornbelt II Iowa, Missouri. Delta Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi. Northern Plains Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota. Southern Plains Oklahoma, Texas. Mountain I Idaho, Montana, Wyoming. Mountain II Colorado, Nevada, Utah. Mountain III Arizona, New Mexico. Pacific Oregon, Washington. Farm Labor Definitions The following definitions are provided to assist in interpreting statistics published in quarterly Farm Labor reports. To ensure consistency in data collection, the questionnaires and instruction manual used by the interviewers provide more in-depth explanations of these terms. Farm or Ranch: A place that sells, or would normally sell, at least $1,000 worth of agricultural products during the year. Agricultural Work: Work done on a farm or ranch in connection with the production of agricultural products, including nursery and greenhouse products and animal specialties such as fur farms or apiaries. Also included is work done off the farm to handle farm related business, such as trips to buy feed or deliver products to local market. Hired Worker: Anyone, other than an agricultural service worker, who was paid for at least one hour of agricultural work on a farm or ranch. Worker type is determined by what the employee was primarily hired to do, not necessarily what work was done during the survey week. Type of workers include: Field Workers: Employees engaged in planting, tending and harvesting crops including operation of farm machinery on crop farms. Livestock Workers: Employees tending livestock, milking cows or caring for poultry, including operation of farm machinery on livestock or poultry operations. Supervisors: Hired managers, range foremen, crew leaders, etc. Other Workers: Employees engaged in agricultural work not included in the other three categories. Bookkeepers and pilots are examples. Methods of Pay: All wage rates are calculated based on total wages paid and total hours worked during the survey reference week. Wages paid other than hourly (bi-weekly, monthly, etc.) are converted to an hourly basis prior to summarization. Wages paid by piece rate (per quantity of produce picked, etc.) are also converted to an hourly basis. Perquisites: Benefits, such as cash bonuses, housing, or meals, provided to an employee in addition to pay are included in perquisites. Wage rates published in this release do not include the value of these benefits. Term of Employment: The length of time during the year the farm operator expects to employ those workers who were on the payroll during the survey week. Agricultural Service: Any farm-related service performed on a farm or ranch on a contract or fee basis. This primarily includes activities performed by contract workers on fruit, vegetable, or berry operations. It also includes custom work (see below), veterinarian work, artificial insemination, sheep shearing, milk testing, or any other farm-related activity performed on a farm or ranch on a "fee per service" basis rather than hourly. Contract Labor: Contract workers are paid by a crew leader, contractor, buyer, processor, cooperative, or other person who has an oral or written agreement with a farmer/rancher. Pruning, thinning, weeding or harvesting of fruit, vegetable or berry crops are examples. A machine is not a part of the service activity provided by the contractor. Custom Work: Work performed by machines and labor hired as a unit. Hay baling, combining, corn or cotton picking, spraying, fertilizing, and laser leveling are examples of custom work when the equipment is included in the service activity. Type of Farm (or Ranch): An operation is classified in the farm type which accounts for the largest portion of the total gross value of sales for its agricultural production. Types of farms broken out in this publication are: Field Crops: A farm producing wheat, rice, corn, soybeans, barley, dry beans, rye, sorghum, cotton, popcorn, tobacco, or other such crops. Other Crops: A farm producing vegetables, melons, berry crops, grapes, tree nuts, citrus fruits, deciduous tree fruits, avocados, dates, figs, olives, nursery, or greenhouse crops. This category also includes farms producing potatoes, sugar crops, hay, peanuts, hops, mint, and maple syrup. Livestock or Poultry: A farm producing cattle, hogs, sheep, goats, milk, chickens, eggs, turkeys, or animal specialties such as furs, fish, honey, etc. Gross Value of Sales: This includes all income during a year from the sale of crops, livestock, dairy, poultry, or other related agricultural products, including the landlord's share and the value of products produced under contract. When commodities are placed under CCC loan, they are considered as sold. Survey Methodology Survey Procedures: These July and October data were collected by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) during the last two weeks of October using sampling procedures to ensure every employer of agricultural workers had a chance of being selected. Two samples of farm operators are selected. First, NASS maintains a list of farms that hire farm workers. Farms on this list are classified by size and type. Those expected to employ large numbers of workers are selected with greater frequency than those hiring few or no workers. A second sample consists of segments of land scientifically selected from an area sampling frame. Each June, highly trained interviewers locate each selected land segment and identify every farm operating land within the sample segment's boundaries. The names of farms found in these area segments are matched against the NASS list of farms; those not found on the list are included in the Labor survey sample to represent all farms. This methodology is known as multiple frame sampling, with an area sample used to measure the incompleteness of the list. Reliability: Two types of errors, sampling and non-sampling, are always present in an estimate based on a sample survey. Both types affect the "accuracy" of the estimates. Sampling error occurs because a complete census is not taken. The sampling error measures the variation in estimates from the average of all possible samples. An estimate of 100 with a sampling error of 1 would mean that chances are 19 out of 20 that the estimates from all possible samples averaged together would be between 98 and 102; which is the survey estimate, plus or minus two times the sampling error. The sampling error expressed as a percent of the estimate is called the relative sampling error. The relative sampling error for number of hired workers at the U.S. level is normally less than 5 percent. The relative sampling error for the number of hired workers is normally less than 20 percent at the regional level. The U.S. all hired farm worker wage rate had a relative sampling error less than 1.0 percent for both July and October 2012. The relative sampling error was also less than 1.0 percent for the combined field and livestock worker wage rate, for both quarters. Relative sampling errors for the all hired farm worker wage rate are normally less than 5 percent at the regional levels. Relative sampling errors for wage rates published by type of farm and economic class of farm are normally less than 20 percent at the regional level. Non-sampling errors can occur in a complete census as well as in sample surveys. They are caused by the inability to obtain correct information from each operation sampled, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, and mistakes in editing, coding or processing the data. Special efforts are taken at each step of the survey to minimize non-sampling errors. Revision Policy: Farm labor statistics are subject to revision semi-annually and annually. The basis for revision must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. Worker numbers and wage rates for January 2012 and April 2012 were subject to revision with this report. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Environmental and Demographics Section of the Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov. Dale P. Hawks, Head, Environmental and Demographics Section.. (202) 720-0684 Liana Cuffman - Census of Agriculture.................... (202) 690-0392 Doug Farmer - Census of Agriculture...................... (202) 720-7492 Erik Gerlach - Chemical Usage............................ (202) 720-5581 Jackie Ross - Census of Agriculture...................... (202) 720-7644 Theresa Varner - Farm Labor.............................. (202) 690-2284 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: http://www.nass.usda.gov Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit http://www.nass.usda.gov and in the "Follow NASS" box under "Receive reports by Email," click on "National" or "State" to select the reports you would like to receive. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@nass.usda.gov. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, political beliefs, genetic information, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Stop 9410, Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call toll-free at (866) 632-9992 (English) or (800) 877-8339 (TDD) or (866) 377- 8642 (English Federal-relay) or (800) 845-6136 (Spanish Federal-relay). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.