Farm Labor ISSN: 1949-0909 Released February 11, 2021, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Special Note The following Farm Labor report, originally scheduled for release November 25, 2020, includes quarterly and annual average farm labor data for year 2020; these data are regularly published on an annual basis, as part of the NASS Farm Labor program. This report is provided following a December 2020 court-ordered reinstatement of the NASS Farm Labor program, which followed a USDA-mandated program suspension effective September 2020. See United Farm Workers v. Perdue, No. 20-cv-01452-DAD-JLT (E.D. Cal. Oct. 28, 2020) and Federal Register (Vol. 85, No. 238, pages 79463-79464) for additional information regarding the program reinstatement. The October 2020 Agricultural Labor Survey, which provided the July and October 2020 labor data for this report, was conducted in a six-week window following the December 2020 court-ordered program reinstatement, and approximately eight weeks after the originally scheduled October survey data collection. Per requirements of the Office of Management and Budget, information of the effects of the delayed data collection is included with this report. See the Survey Methodology section of this report for more information. Beginning in year 2020, the base wage rate item is calculated using base hours data. Publication of the year 2020 base hours and base wage rate items are expanded in this report to include additional worker classifications. Those new items are found throughout the report. See the Definitions and Survey Methodology sections of this report for more information and any potential effects on data due to the delay in implementation of the data collection. October Hired Workers Down 6 Percent; Gross Wage Rate Increased 6 Percent from Previous Year There were 758,000 workers hired directly by farm operators on the Nation's farms and ranches during the week of October 11-17, 2020, down 6 percent from the October 2019 reference week. Workers hired directly by farm operators numbered 777,000 during the week of July 12-18, 2020, down 3 percent from the July 2019 reference week. Farm operators paid their hired workers an average gross wage of $15.87 per hour during the October 2020 reference week, up 6 percent from the October 2019 reference week. Field workers received an average of $15.28 per hour, up 6 percent. Livestock workers earned $14.62 per hour, up 6 percent. The field and livestock worker combined gross wage rate, at $15.10 per hour, was up 6 percent from the 2019 reference week. Hired laborers worked an average of 42.1 hours during the October 2020 reference week, down 1 percent from the hours worked during the October 2019 reference week. Farm operators paid their hired workers an average gross wage of $15.62 per hour during the July 2020 reference week, up 5 percent from the July 2019 reference week. Field workers received an average of $14.98 per hour, up 6 percent, while livestock workers earned $14.50 per hour, up 5 percent from a year earlier. The field and livestock worker combined gross wage rate, at $14.85 per hour, was up 5 percent from the July 2019 reference week. Hired laborers worked an average of 41.4 hours during the July 2020 reference week, down 1 percent from the hours worked during the July 2019 reference week. The 2020 all hired worker annual average gross wage rate was $15.49 per hour, up 4 percent from the 2019 annual average gross wage rate. The 2020 field worker annual average gross wage rate was $14.76 per hour, up 5 percent from the 2019 annual average. The 2020 livestock worker annual average gross wage rate was $14.35 per hour. The 2020 annual average combined gross wage for field and livestock workers was $14.62, up 5 percent from the 2019 annual average of $13.99 per hour. Contents Hired Workers, Hours Worked by Hired Workers, Gross Wage Rates, and Base Wage Rates - United States......... 5 Number of Workers, Gross Hours, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States: October 11-17, 2020...... 6 Gross Wage and Base Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Regions and United States: October 11-17, 2020........... 7 Number of Workers, Gross Hours, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States: July 12-18, 2020......... 8 Gross Wage and Base Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Regions and United States: July 12-18, 2020.............. 9 Number of Workers, Gross Hours, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States: April 12-18, 2020........ 10 Gross Wage and Base Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Regions and United States: April 12-18, 2020............. 11 Number of Workers, Gross Hours, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States: January 12-18, 2020...... 12 Gross Wage and Base Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Regions and United States: January 12-18, 2020........... 13 Number of Workers, Gross Hours, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States: October 6-12, 2019....... 14 Gross Wage and Base Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Regions and United States: October 6-12, 2019............ 15 Number of Workers, Gross Hours, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States: July 7-13, 2019.......... 16 Gross Wage and Base Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Regions and United States: July 7-13, 2019............... 17 Combined Field and Livestock Worker Gross Wage Rates by Type of Farm - Regions and 48 States: October 11-17, 2020......................................................................................... 18 Combined Field and Livestock Worker Gross Wage Rates by Type of Farm - Regions and 48 States: July 12-18, 2020............................................................................................ 18 Combined Field and Livestock Worker Gross Wage Rates by Type of Farm - Regions and 48 States: October 6-12, 2019.......................................................................................... 19 Combined Field and Livestock Worker Gross Wage Rates by Type of Farm - Regions and 48 States: July 7-13, 2019............................................................................................. 19 All Hired Worker Gross Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm - Regions and 48 States: October 11-17, 2020......................................................................................... 20 All Hired Worker Gross Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm - Regions and 48 States: July 12-18, 2020....... 20 All Hired Worker Gross Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm - Regions and 48 States: October 6-12, 2019..... 21 All Hired Worker Gross Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm - Regions and 48 States: July 7-13, 2019........ 21 Field and Livestock Workers by Type of Farm................................................................. 22 Hired Workers by Economic Class of Farm..................................................................... 22 Hired Workers by Number of Workers on Farm.................................................................. 22 Hired Workers by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System.......................................... 23 Gross Wage Rates by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System....................................... 23 Base Wage Rates by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System........................................ 23 Annual Average Number of Hired Workers, Gross Wage, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States: 2019 and 2020............................................................................................... 24 Annual Average Gross Wage Rates - Regions and United States: 2019 and 2020.................................. 25 Annual Average Base Wage Rates - Regions and United States: 2019 and 2020................................... 26 Annual Average Gross Wage Rates and Base Wage Rates by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System - Regions and United States: 2019 and 2020.................................................................. 27 Annual Average Gross Wage Rates and Base Wage Rates by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System - Regions and United States: 2019 and 2020 (continued)...................................................... 29 Annual Average Gross Wage Rates and Base Wage Rates by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System - Regions and United States: 2019 and 2020 (continued)...................................................... 30 Farm Labor Regions - Map ................................................................................... 31 Farm Labor Definitions ..................................................................................... 32 Survey Methodology ......................................................................................... 34 Information Contacts........................................................................................ 38 Hired Workers, Hours Worked by Hired Workers, Gross Wage Rates, and Base Wage Rates - United States [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : July 7-13, : October 6-12, : January 12-18, : April 12-18, : July 12-18, : October 11-17, Farm employment : 2019 : 2019 : 2020 : 2020 : 2020 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 : Hired workers : 150 days or more ..............: 594 603 495 578 575 577 149 days or less ..............: 208 206 73 110 202 181 Total ............................: 802 809 568 688 777 758 : : : hours per week : Hours worked by hired workers : Gross hours ......................: 41.7 42.5 40.2 40.3 41.4 42.1 Base hours 1/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 39.4 39.6 40.5 40.8 : : dollars per hour : Gross wage rates 2/ : Field and livestock combined .....: 14.08 14.21 14.20 14.16 14.85 15.10 Field workers .................: 14.19 14.38 14.18 14.19 14.98 15.28 Livestock workers .............: 13.79 13.77 14.22 14.10 14.50 14.62 All hired workers ................: 14.91 15.02 15.28 15.07 15.62 15.87 : Base wage rates 2/ 3/ : Field and livestock combined .....: (NA) (NA) 14.03 13.97 14.73 14.86 Field workers .................: (NA) (NA) 14.03 13.99 14.86 14.99 Livestock workers .............: (NA) (NA) 14.04 13.94 14.38 14.51 All hired workers ................: (NA) (NA) 15.12 14.89 15.51 15.65 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. 1/ Data not collected for year 2019; estimates not established. 2/ Benefits, such as housing and meals, are provided to some workers but the values are not included in either the gross wage rates or the base wage rates. 3/ Estimates not established for year 2019. Number of Workers, Gross Hours, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States: October 11-17, 2020 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Hired workers :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Expected to be employed : Number of hours worked Regions1/ and : Number of :----------------------------------------------------------------------- United States : workers :150 days or more :149 days or less : Gross hours : Base hours ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---------------- 1,000 ---------------- --- hours per week --- : Northeast I ......: 41 31 10 42.0 41.2 Northeast II .....: 27 21 6 40.4 39.2 : Appalachian I ....: 29 23 6 38.5 37.8 Appalachian II ...: 27 21 6 40.2 39.5 : Southeast ........: 31 24 7 39.1 38.5 Florida ..........: 35 32 3 42.5 42.1 : Lake .............: 57 41 16 41.3 40.5 : Cornbelt I .......: 42 29 13 40.6 39.7 Cornbelt II ......: 25 17 8 39.8 38.9 : Delta ............: 35 26 9 45.0 44.2 : Northern Plains ..: 39 28 11 46.0 45.1 : Southern Plains ..: 49 40 9 41.1 40.5 : Mountain I .......: 27 22 5 50.9 50.1 Mountain II ......: 19 17 2 41.3 40.6 Mountain III .....: 17 15 2 46.0 45.1 : Pacific ..........: 86 46 40 40.3 38.9 California .......: 168 141 27 42.9 39.9 : Hawaii ...........: 4 3 1 35.6 35.0 : United States ....: 758 577 181 42.1 40.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Region map on page 31. Gross Wage and Base Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Regions and United States: October 11-17, 2020 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Type of worker : : :-----------------------------------------------------------------------: Wage rates for Regions1/ and : : : : : Field and livestock : all hired workers United States : Field workers : Livestock workers : combined : : :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :Gross wage : Base wage :Gross wage : Base wage :Gross wage : Base wage :Gross wage : Base wage ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per hour : Northeast I ......: 15.32 15.20 14.92 14.84 15.20 15.10 16.16 16.06 Northeast II .....: 14.56 14.37 13.42 13.37 14.25 14.10 15.34 15.21 : Appalachian I ....: 13.28 13.18 12.94 12.84 13.20 13.10 13.90 13.81 Appalachian II ...: 13.11 13.00 13.22 13.13 13.15 13.05 13.70 13.61 : Southeast ........: 12.02 11.92 12.37 12.27 12.10 12.00 12.73 12.63 Florida ..........: 12.35 12.25 13.15 13.00 12.48 12.37 13.82 13.72 : Lake .............: 15.75 15.61 14.28 14.21 15.00 14.90 15.72 15.61 : Cornbelt I .......: 15.80 15.65 15.16 15.01 15.65 15.50 16.30 16.16 Cornbelt II ......: 15.86 15.68 14.81 14.72 15.50 15.35 16.10 15.96 : Delta ............: 11.67 11.57 12.05 11.95 11.75 11.65 12.09 11.99 : Northern Plains ..: 17.04 16.85 15.52 15.43 16.45 16.30 16.83 16.69 : Southern Plains ..: 13.47 13.37 14.08 13.98 13.80 13.70 14.30 14.21 : Mountain I .......: 14.69 14.58 15.37 15.29 15.00 14.90 15.48 15.38 Mountain II ......: 14.80 14.62 14.70 14.58 14.75 14.60 15.42 15.29 Mountain III .....: 13.56 13.40 14.37 14.23 13.90 13.75 14.71 14.57 : Pacific ..........: 17.54 16.60 16.63 16.59 17.45 16.60 17.88 17.10 California .......: 16.50 16.20 16.25 16.05 16.46 16.17 17.64 17.41 : Hawaii ...........: 16.00 15.75 17.70 17.55 16.27 16.04 18.13 17.94 : United States ....: 15.28 14.99 14.62 14.51 15.10 14.86 15.87 15.65 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Region map on page 31. Number of Workers, Gross Hours, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States: July 12-18, 2020 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Hired workers :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Expected to be employed : Number of hours worked Regions1/ and : Number of :----------------------------------------------------------------------- United States : workers :150 days or more :149 days or less : Gross hours : Base hours ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---------------- 1,000 ---------------- --- hours per week --- : Northeast I ......: 38 29 9 40.5 39.9 Northeast II .....: 34 22 12 40.7 39.7 : Appalachian I ....: 31 23 8 38.7 38.3 Appalachian II ...: 27 21 6 38.4 38.0 : Southeast ........: 32 23 9 39.8 39.4 Florida ..........: 33 31 2 43.2 42.8 : Lake .............: 58 44 14 39.8 39.2 : Cornbelt I .......: 39 28 11 38.4 37.9 Cornbelt II ......: 21 16 5 37.7 37.3 : Delta ............: 32 26 6 41.6 41.3 : Northern Plains ..: 36 28 8 44.6 44.0 : Southern Plains ..: 50 40 10 40.8 40.4 : Mountain I .......: 29 22 7 48.3 47.5 Mountain II ......: 21 17 4 41.0 40.4 Mountain III .....: 16 14 2 45.2 44.5 : Pacific ..........: 107 51 56 41.9 40.4 California .......: 169 137 32 42.1 40.5 : Hawaii ...........: 4 3 1 36.3 35.9 : United States ....: 777 575 202 41.4 40.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Region map on page 31. Gross Wage and Base Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Regions and United States: July 12-18, 2020 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Type of worker : : :-----------------------------------------------------------------------: Wage rates for Regions1/ and : : : : : Field and livestock : all hired workers United States : Field workers : Livestock workers : combined : : :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :Gross wage : Base wage :Gross wage : Base wage :Gross wage : Base wage :Gross wage : Base wage ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per hour : Northeast I ......: 15.23 15.13 14.67 14.58 15.05 14.95 16.08 15.99 Northeast II .....: 13.84 13.75 13.19 13.08 13.70 13.60 14.61 14.52 : Appalachian I ....: 13.38 13.32 12.73 12.46 13.25 13.15 13.88 13.78 Appalachian II ...: 12.91 12.78 13.01 12.82 12.95 12.80 13.51 13.36 : Southeast ........: 12.02 11.91 12.66 12.57 12.15 12.05 12.69 12.59 Florida ..........: 12.50 12.45 12.95 12.85 12.58 12.52 13.79 13.74 : Lake .............: 14.71 14.61 14.29 14.20 14.50 14.40 15.24 15.13 : Cornbelt I .......: 14.80 14.71 14.97 14.87 14.85 14.75 15.70 15.61 Cornbelt II ......: 15.46 15.33 14.68 14.63 15.15 15.05 15.90 15.80 : Delta ............: 11.88 11.83 12.19 12.12 11.95 11.90 12.32 12.27 : Northern Plains ..: 16.83 16.73 15.57 15.47 16.30 16.20 16.68 16.58 : Southern Plains ..: 13.26 13.25 13.84 13.74 13.55 13.50 13.94 13.88 : Mountain I .......: 14.10 14.02 15.17 15.14 14.60 14.55 15.10 15.04 Mountain II ......: 14.81 14.70 14.57 14.49 14.70 14.60 15.28 15.18 Mountain III .....: 13.74 13.60 14.30 14.14 14.00 13.85 14.85 14.70 : Pacific ..........: 16.49 16.34 16.00 15.85 16.45 16.30 16.87 16.73 California .......: 16.30 16.20 16.25 16.10 16.29 16.18 17.53 17.45 : Hawaii ...........: 15.25 15.15 18.00 17.90 15.90 15.80 17.74 17.64 : United States ....: 14.98 14.86 14.50 14.38 14.85 14.73 15.62 15.51 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Region map on page 31. Number of Workers, Gross Hours, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States: April 12-18, 2020 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Hired :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Expected to be employed : Number of hours worked Regions1/ and : Number of :----------------------------------------------------------------------- United States : workers :150 days or more :149 days or less : Gross hours : Base hours ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---------------- 1,000 ---------------- --- hours per week --- : Northeast I ......: 28 23 5 40.5 39.9 Northeast II .....: 25 22 3 39.4 38.8 : Appalachian I ....: 31 25 6 38.8 38.3 Appalachian II ...: 22 20 2 39.2 38.1 : Southeast ........: 30 26 4 38.4 37.7 Florida ..........: 38 32 6 40.7 40.2 : Lake .............: 53 43 10 41.6 41.0 : Cornbelt I .......: 36 32 4 39.9 39.0 Cornbelt II ......: 29 23 6 37.9 37.3 : Delta ............: 28 22 6 41.7 41.2 : Northern Plains ..: 42 38 4 41.5 41.0 : Southern Plains ..: 61 51 10 39.2 38.7 : Mountain I .......: 25 21 4 44.3 43.7 Mountain II ......: 18 16 2 42.9 42.1 Mountain III .....: 17 16 1 47.5 47.0 : Pacific ..........: 58 39 19 41.6 41.0 California .......: 143 126 17 38.9 38.0 : Hawaii ...........: 4 3 1 33.5 33.1 : United States ....: 688 578 110 40.3 39.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Region map on page 31. Gross Wage and Base Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Regions and United States: April 12-18, 2020 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Type of worker : : :-----------------------------------------------------------------------: Wage rates for Regions1/ and : : : : : Field and livestock : all hired workers United States : Field workers : Livestock workers : combined : : :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :Gross wage : Base wage :Gross wage : Base wage :Gross wage : Base wage :Gross wage : Base wage ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per hour : Northeast I ......: 15.39 15.28 14.29 14.19 14.85 14.75 16.00 15.88 Northeast II .....: 14.64 14.54 13.42 13.19 14.20 14.05 15.24 15.09 : Appalachian I ....: 13.12 13.01 13.06 12.96 13.10 13.00 13.65 13.54 Appalachian II ...: 12.65 12.54 13.05 12.95 12.85 12.75 13.47 13.36 : Southeast ........: 11.51 11.47 11.13 11.03 11.40 11.35 11.79 11.72 Florida ..........: 11.65 11.55 11.80 11.65 11.67 11.56 12.52 12.41 : Lake .............: 14.56 14.49 14.62 14.43 14.60 14.45 15.26 15.11 : Cornbelt I .......: 15.77 15.70 13.95 13.79 15.25 15.15 15.78 15.67 Cornbelt II ......: 15.18 15.09 15.50 15.30 15.35 15.20 15.79 15.64 : Delta ............: 11.84 11.83 11.86 11.73 11.85 11.80 12.23 12.18 : Northern Plains ..: 15.89 15.78 14.59 14.49 15.20 15.10 15.93 15.83 : Southern Plains ..: 11.91 11.90 12.73 12.55 12.35 12.25 12.79 12.68 : Mountain I .......: 13.74 13.66 14.21 14.18 14.00 13.95 14.83 14.77 Mountain II ......: 14.28 13.31 14.95 14.95 14.65 14.21 15.16 14.76 Mountain III .....: 13.08 12.96 13.93 13.63 13.45 13.25 14.17 13.97 : Pacific ..........: 15.06 14.17 14.95 14.89 15.05 14.25 15.88 15.17 California .......: 15.60 15.50 16.35 16.05 15.76 15.61 17.48 17.36 : Hawaii ...........: 14.90 14.80 17.95 17.80 15.29 15.19 16.87 16.77 : United States ....: 14.19 13.99 14.10 13.94 14.16 13.97 15.07 14.89 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Region map on page 31. Number of Workers, Gross Hours, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States: January 12-18, 2020 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Hired workers :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Expected to be employed : Number of hours worked Regions1/ and : Number of :----------------------------------------------------------------------- United States : workers :150 days or more :149 days or less : Gross hours : Base hours ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---------------- 1,000 --------------- --- hours per week --- : Northeast I ......: 21 18 3 41.6 41.0 Northeast II .....: 20 18 2 38.9 38.4 : Appalachian I ....: 24 20 4 38.3 37.7 Appalachian II ...: 18 17 1 38.9 38.1 : Southeast ........: 23 21 2 37.3 36.7 Florida ..........: 39 30 9 40.9 40.6 : Lake .............: 44 38 6 41.0 40.4 : Cornbelt I .......: 28 26 2 36.9 36.5 Cornbelt II ......: 25 21 4 37.2 36.8 : Delta ............: 20 17 3 37.6 37.1 : Northern Plains ..: 35 33 2 40.9 40.1 : Southern Plains ..: 55 47 8 39.1 38.6 : Mountain I .......: 18 17 1 42.7 42.3 Mountain II ......: 15 14 1 43.5 42.3 Mountain III .....: 18 16 2 47.5 46.9 : Pacific ..........: 39 32 7 36.9 36.5 California .......: 121 107 14 42.0 40.8 : Hawaii ...........: 5 3 2 33.8 33.6 : United States ....: 568 495 73 40.2 39.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Region map on page 31. Gross Wage and Base Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Regions and United States: January 12-18, 2020 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Type of worker : : :-----------------------------------------------------------------------: Wage rates for Regions1/ and : : : : : Field and livestock : all hired workers United States : Field workers : Livestock workers : combined : : :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :Gross wage : Base wage :Gross wage : Base wage :Gross wage : Base wage :Gross wage : Base wage ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per hour : Northeast I ......: 15.19 15.01 14.30 14.17 14.65 14.50 16.10 15.92 Northeast II .....: 14.87 14.76 13.43 13.24 14.20 14.05 15.46 15.29 : Appalachian I ....: 13.02 13.01 13.11 12.98 13.05 13.00 13.79 13.72 Appalachian II ...: 12.64 12.51 12.90 12.83 12.80 12.70 13.50 13.39 : Southeast ........: 11.83 11.76 10.84 10.81 11.50 11.45 11.99 11.92 Florida ..........: 11.65 11.60 11.80 11.65 11.67 11.61 12.46 12.40 : Lake .............: 15.22 15.17 14.65 14.53 14.80 14.70 15.55 15.44 : Cornbelt I .......: 16.29 16.15 14.19 14.01 15.50 15.35 16.17 16.02 Cornbelt II ......: 15.61 15.56 15.37 15.24 15.45 15.35 15.98 15.87 : Delta ............: 12.24 12.07 11.89 11.77 12.10 11.95 12.57 12.42 : Northern Plains ..: 16.83 16.66 14.63 14.46 15.55 15.40 16.41 16.27 : Southern Plains ..: 12.31 12.30 12.93 12.75 12.65 12.55 13.12 13.01 : Mountain I .......: 14.46 14.30 14.44 14.37 14.45 14.35 15.40 15.30 Mountain II ......: 14.79 14.60 15.48 15.44 15.25 15.15 15.86 15.76 Mountain III .....: 13.00 12.90 13.97 13.88 13.40 13.30 14.06 13.96 : Pacific ..........: 15.36 14.72 15.30 14.58 15.35 14.69 16.61 16.04 California .......: 15.15 15.00 16.05 15.75 15.40 15.20 17.33 17.19 : Hawaii ...........: 14.60 14.55 17.55 17.40 14.88 14.82 16.38 16.31 : United States ....: 14.18 14.03 14.22 14.04 14.20 14.03 15.28 15.12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Region map on page 31. Number of Workers, Gross Hours, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States: October 6-12, 2019 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Hired workers :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Expected to be employed : Number of hours worked Regions1/ and : Number of :----------------------------------------------------------------------- United States : workers :150 days or more :149 days or less : Gross hours : Base hours2/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---------------- 1,000 ---------------- --- hours per week --- : Northeast I ......: 38 27 11 41.8 (NA) Northeast II .....: 34 27 7 40.0 (NA) : Appalachian I ....: 41 31 10 39.5 (NA) Appalachian II ...: 29 22 7 40.7 (NA) : Southeast ........: 26 20 6 40.3 (NA) Florida ..........: 31 24 7 41.6 (NA) : Lake .............: 68 51 17 41.0 (NA) : Cornbelt I .......: 42 28 14 37.6 (NA) Cornbelt II ......: 26 18 8 38.3 (NA) : Delta ............: 32 24 8 46.9 (NA) : Northern Plains ..: 43 33 10 43.4 (NA) : Southern Plains ..: 49 36 13 40.2 (NA) : Mountain I .......: 30 22 8 46.9 (NA) Mountain II ......: 21 16 5 41.8 (NA) Mountain III .....: 19 16 3 48.4 (NA) : Pacific ..........: 108 65 43 44.0 (NA) California .......: 168 140 28 44.7 (NA) : Hawaii ...........: 4 3 1 36.0 (NA) : United States ....: 809 603 206 42.5 (NA) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. 1/ Region map on page 31. 2/ Data not collected for year 2019; estimates not established. Gross Wage and Base Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Regions and United States: October 6-12, 2019 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Type of worker : : :-----------------------------------------------------------------------: Wage rates for Regions1/ and : : : : : Field and livestock : all hired workers United States : Field workers : Livestock workers : combined : : :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :Gross wage :Base wage2/:Gross wage :Base wage2/:Gross wage :Base wage2/:Gross wage :Base wage2/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per hour : Northeast I ......: 14.54 (NA) 13.46 (NA) 14.20 (NA) 15.13 (NA) Northeast II .....: 13.69 (NA) 12.80 (NA) 13.50 (NA) 14.81 (NA) : Appalachian I ....: 12.70 (NA) 12.95 (NA) 12.75 (NA) 13.29 (NA) Appalachian II ...: 12.25 (NA) 12.09 (NA) 12.20 (NA) 12.78 (NA) : Southeast ........: 11.68 (NA) 11.75 (NA) 11.70 (NA) 12.31 (NA) Florida ..........: 11.95 (NA) 11.95 (NA) 11.95 (NA) 13.27 (NA) : Lake .............: 15.57 (NA) 14.58 (NA) 15.00 (NA) 15.64 (NA) : Cornbelt I .......: 15.03 (NA) 13.83 (NA) 14.75 (NA) 15.39 (NA) Cornbelt II ......: 14.45 (NA) 14.68 (NA) 14.55 (NA) 15.10 (NA) : Delta ............: 11.14 (NA) 12.20 (NA) 11.35 (NA) 11.74 (NA) : Northern Plains ..: 16.41 (NA) 13.76 (NA) 15.40 (NA) 15.87 (NA) : Southern Plains ..: 12.61 (NA) 12.76 (NA) 12.70 (NA) 13.33 (NA) : Mountain I .......: 13.09 (NA) 13.93 (NA) 13.45 (NA) 14.07 (NA) Mountain II ......: 14.47 (NA) 14.27 (NA) 14.40 (NA) 15.02 (NA) Mountain III .....: 12.63 (NA) 13.28 (NA) 12.90 (NA) 13.53 (NA) : Pacific ..........: 16.56 (NA) 15.20 (NA) 16.45 (NA) 16.87 (NA) California .......: 14.75 (NA) 15.10 (NA) 14.80 (NA) 16.15 (NA) : Hawaii ...........: 14.35 (NA) 15.80 (NA) 14.53 (NA) 16.37 (NA) : United States ....: 14.38 (NA) 13.77 (NA) 14.21 (NA) 15.02 (NA) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. 1/ Region map on page 31. 2/ Estimates not established for year 2019. Number of Workers, Gross Hours, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States: July 7-13, 2019 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Hired :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Expected to be employed : Number of hours worked Regions1/ and : Number of :----------------------------------------------------------------------- United States : workers :150 days or more :149 days or less : Gross hours : Base hours2/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---------------- 1,000 ---------------- --- hours per week --- : Northeast I ......: 36 26 10 39.8 (NA) Northeast II .....: 40 28 12 40.2 (NA) : Appalachian I ....: 41 31 10 39.2 (NA) Appalachian II ...: 29 21 8 38.0 (NA) : Southeast ........: 27 20 7 40.4 (NA) Florida ..........: 28 23 5 41.0 (NA) : Lake .............: 66 50 16 40.5 (NA) : Cornbelt I .......: 39 28 11 35.9 (NA) Cornbelt II ......: 23 17 6 37.2 (NA) : Delta ............: 30 23 7 44.0 (NA) : Northern Plains ..: 37 29 8 42.2 (NA) : Southern Plains ..: 43 35 8 40.6 (NA) : Mountain I .......: 28 22 6 46.7 (NA) Mountain II ......: 21 16 5 44.7 (NA) Mountain III .....: 17 16 1 46.7 (NA) : Pacific ..........: 119 58 61 43.3 (NA) California .......: 174 148 26 43.7 (NA) : Hawaii ...........: 4 3 1 35.9 (NA) : United States ....: 802 594 208 41.7 (NA) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. 1/ Region map on page 31. 2/ Data not collected for year 2019; estimates not established. Gross Wage and Base Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Regions and United States: July 7-13, 2019 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Type of worker : : :-----------------------------------------------------------------------: Wage rates for Regions1/ and : : : : : Field and livestock : all hired workers United States : Field workers : Livestock workers : combined : : :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :Gross wage :Base wage2/:Gross wage :Base wage2/:Gross wage :Base wage2/:Gross wage :Base wage2/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per hour : Northeast I ......: 14.34 (NA) 13.69 (NA) 14.10 (NA) 15.17 (NA) Northeast II .....: 12.87 (NA) 12.50 (NA) 12.80 (NA) 14.12 (NA) : Appalachian I ....: 12.70 (NA) 12.98 (NA) 12.75 (NA) 13.33 (NA) Appalachian II ...: 12.11 (NA) 12.22 (NA) 12.15 (NA) 12.77 (NA) : Southeast ........: 11.43 (NA) 11.75 (NA) 11.50 (NA) 12.06 (NA) Florida ..........: 12.00 (NA) 12.25 (NA) 12.05 (NA) 13.13 (NA) : Lake .............: 14.39 (NA) 14.41 (NA) 14.40 (NA) 15.05 (NA) : Cornbelt I .......: 14.15 (NA) 13.96 (NA) 14.10 (NA) 14.97 (NA) Cornbelt II ......: 14.15 (NA) 14.58 (NA) 14.35 (NA) 15.08 (NA) : Delta ............: 11.49 (NA) 12.23 (NA) 11.65 (NA) 12.03 (NA) : Northern Plains ..: 15.90 (NA) 13.81 (NA) 15.00 (NA) 15.61 (NA) : Southern Plains ..: 12.67 (NA) 12.93 (NA) 12.80 (NA) 13.41 (NA) : Mountain I .......: 13.61 (NA) 13.47 (NA) 13.55 (NA) 14.17 (NA) Mountain II ......: 13.83 (NA) 14.24 (NA) 13.95 (NA) 14.52 (NA) Mountain III .....: 12.04 (NA) 13.45 (NA) 12.70 (NA) 13.43 (NA) : Pacific ..........: 15.97 (NA) 15.05 (NA) 15.90 (NA) 16.26 (NA) California .......: 15.00 (NA) 15.00 (NA) 15.00 (NA) 16.35 (NA) : Hawaii ...........: 14.35 (NA) 16.10 (NA) 14.63 (NA) 16.46 (NA) : United States ....: 14.19 (NA) 13.79 (NA) 14.08 (NA) 14.91 (NA) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. 1/ Region map on page 31. 2/ Estimates not established for year 2019. Combined Field and Livestock Worker Gross Wage Rates by Type of Farm - Regions and 48 States: October 11-17, 2020 [Excludes agricultural service workers] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Regions1/ : Field : Other : Livestock and : All : crop farms : crop farms : poultry farms : farms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per hour : Northeast 2/ ...................: 16.50 15.05 14.05 14.84 Appalachian 3/ .................: 13.51 13.07 12.90 13.17 Southeast and Florida ..........: 12.54 12.20 12.56 12.30 Lake ...........................: 17.08 14.93 14.42 15.00 Cornbelt 4/ ....................: 16.09 15.16 14.99 15.59 Delta ..........................: 11.45 11.94 12.00 11.75 Northern Plains ................: 16.70 16.75 16.09 16.45 Southern Plains ................: 13.47 13.44 14.05 13.80 Mountain 5/ ....................: 17.58 13.93 14.87 14.65 Pacific and California .........: 17.12 16.84 16.47 16.79 : 48 States 6/ ...................: 15.21 15.24 14.67 15.09 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Region map on page 31. 2/ Includes Northeast I and Northeast II. 3/ Includes Appalachian I and Appalachian II. 4/ Includes Cornbelt I and Cornbelt II. 5/ Includes Mountain I, Mountain II, and Mountain III. 6/ Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. Combined Field and Livestock Worker Gross Wage Rates by Type of Farm - Regions and 48 States: July 12-18, 2020 [Excludes agricultural service workers] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Regions1/ : Field : Other : Livestock and : All : crop farms : crop farms : poultry farms : farms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per hour : Northeast 2/ ...................: 16.58 14.48 13.78 14.40 Appalachian 3/ .................: 13.40 13.24 12.70 13.11 Southeast and Florida ..........: 12.41 12.27 12.66 12.37 Lake ...........................: 15.84 13.93 14.63 14.50 Cornbelt 4/ ....................: 16.18 14.08 14.74 14.96 Delta ..........................: 11.62 12.07 12.34 11.95 Northern Plains ................: 17.15 15.40 15.96 16.30 Southern Plains ................: 13.16 13.33 13.75 13.55 Mountain 5/ ....................: 15.67 13.97 14.70 14.49 Pacific and California .........: 16.82 16.36 16.23 16.35 : 48 States 6/ ...................: 14.79 14.99 14.48 14.84 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Region map on page 31. 2/ Includes Northeast I and Northeast II. 3/ Includes Appalachian I and Appalachian II. 4/ Includes Cornbelt I and Cornbelt II. 5/ Includes Mountain I, Mountain II, and Mountain III. 6/ Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. Combined Field and Livestock Worker Gross Wage Rates by Type of Farm - Regions and 48 States: October 6-12, 2019 [Excludes agricultural service workers] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Regions1/ : Field : Other : Livestock and : All : crop farms : crop farms : poultry farms : farms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per hour : Northeast 2/ ...................: 14.15 14.04 13.52 13.88 Appalachian 3/ .................: 12.53 12.48 12.55 12.52 Southeast and Florida ..........: 11.11 11.86 12.00 11.83 Lake ...........................: 17.35 14.83 14.68 15.00 Cornbelt 4/ ....................: 15.23 13.87 14.51 14.67 Delta ..........................: 11.05 11.13 12.27 11.35 Northern Plains ................: 16.44 16.50 13.94 15.40 Southern Plains ................: 13.44 11.95 12.87 12.70 Mountain 5/ ....................: 13.40 13.52 13.61 13.55 Pacific and California .........: 15.97 15.53 14.98 15.46 : 48 States 6/ ...................: 13.98 14.50 13.78 14.21 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Region map on page 31. 2/ Includes Northeast I and Northeast II. 3/ Includes Appalachian I and Appalachian II. 4/ Includes Cornbelt I and Cornbelt II. 5/ Includes Mountain I, Mountain II, and Mountain III. 6/ Excludes Alaska and Hawaii Combined Field and Livestock Worker Gross Wage Rates by Type of Farm - Regions and 48 States: July 7-13, 2019 [Excludes agricultural service workers] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Regions1/ : Field : Other : Livestock and : All : crop farms : crop farms : poultry farms : farms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per hour : Northeast 2/ ...................: (S) 13.45 13.34 13.42 Appalachian 3/ .................: 12.63 12.27 12.72 12.51 Southeast and Florida ..........: 11.38 11.63 12.36 11.78 Lake ...........................: 15.82 13.96 14.46 14.40 Cornbelt 4/ ....................: 15.25 13.02 14.35 14.20 Delta ..........................: 11.46 11.65 12.08 11.65 Northern Plains ................: 16.45 14.33 13.98 15.00 Southern Plains ................: 13.11 11.89 13.24 12.80 Mountain 5/ ....................: 13.23 13.43 13.50 13.45 Pacific and California .........: 15.42 15.43 15.01 15.37 : 48 States 6/ ...................: 13.76 14.28 13.86 14.08 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Region map on page 31. 2/ Includes Northeast I and Northeast II. 3/ Includes Appalachian I and Appalachian II. 4/ Includes Cornbelt I and Cornbelt II. 5/ Includes Mountain I, Mountain II, and Mountain III. 6/ Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. All Hired Worker Gross Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm - Regions and 48 States: October 11-17, 2020 [Excludes agricultural service workers] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Gross value sales-$1,000 : Regions1/ :-----------------------------------------------------------: All : <50 : 50-99 : 100-249 : 250-499 : 500-999 : 1,000+ : farms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per hour : Northeast 2/ ...................: 17.36 (S) 14.70 13.03 15.32 16.07 15.84 Appalachian 3/ .................: 13.71 11.75 13.32 12.73 13.65 14.47 13.80 Southeast and Florida ..........: 12.94 11.75 12.17 13.23 12.93 13.63 13.33 Lake ...........................: 15.75 13.73 12.80 13.41 14.86 16.39 15.72 Cornbelt 4/ ....................: 12.98 14.62 14.64 15.57 15.82 17.16 16.23 Delta ..........................: 11.83 11.80 11.38 13.22 12.27 11.96 12.09 Northern Plains ................: (S) 16.46 14.99 (S) 15.61 16.97 16.83 Southern Plains ................: 15.13 14.91 15.08 14.64 13.47 13.91 14.30 Mountain 5/ ....................: 13.87 16.42 15.56 14.74 14.97 15.35 15.26 Pacific and California .........: 17.00 17.05 17.40 18.43 17.28 17.77 17.72 : 48 States 6/ ...................: 14.68 14.92 14.68 15.71 15.28 16.21 15.86 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Region map on page 31. 2/ Includes Northeast I and Northeast II. 3/ Includes Appalachian I and Appalachian II. 4/ Includes Cornbelt I and Cornbelt II. 5/ Includes Mountain I, Mountain II, and Mountain III. 6/ Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. All Hired Worker Gross Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm - Regions and 48 States: July 12-18, 2020 [Excludes agricultural service workers] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Gross value sales-$1,000 : Regions1/ :-----------------------------------------------------------: All : <50 : 50-99 : 100-249 : 250-499 : 500-999 : 1,000+ : farms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per hour : Northeast 2/ ...................: 16.71 (S) 14.29 13.42 15.16 15.48 15.38 Appalachian 3/ .................: 13.30 11.87 13.00 12.38 13.38 14.70 13.71 Southeast and Florida ..........: 13.63 12.73 11.88 12.76 12.65 13.72 13.27 Lake ...........................: 15.00 11.32 12.90 13.72 14.61 15.99 15.24 Cornbelt 4/ ....................: 11.36 13.76 13.99 13.75 15.98 16.75 15.77 Delta ..........................: 11.93 12.27 11.70 13.43 12.31 12.17 12.32 Northern Plains ................: (S) 13.58 17.47 (S) 15.60 16.73 16.68 Southern Plains ................: 12.84 14.59 14.77 14.50 13.62 14.17 13.94 Mountain 5/ ....................: 14.15 15.20 15.49 14.08 14.52 15.32 15.09 Pacific and California .........: 15.73 15.90 16.86 17.01 16.84 17.43 17.27 : 48 States 6/ ...................: 13.62 14.09 14.50 14.98 15.01 16.13 15.61 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Region map on page 31. 2/ Includes Northeast I and Northeast II. 3/ Includes Appalachian I and Appalachian II. 4/ Includes Cornbelt I and Cornbelt II. 5/ Includes Mountain I, Mountain II, and Mountain III. 6/ Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. All Hired Worker Gross Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm - Regions and 48 States: October 6-12, 2019 [Excludes agricultural service workers] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Gross value sales-$1,000 : Regions1/ :-----------------------------------------------------------: All : <50 : 50-99 : 100-249 : 250-499 : 500-999 : 1,000+ : farms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per hour : Northeast 2/ ...................: (S) 13.74 14.32 14.11 14.20 15.36 14.98 Appalachian 3/ .................: 12.89 11.70 12.44 13.69 12.22 13.43 13.08 Southeast and Florida ..........: (S) 12.30 12.83 11.49 12.25 13.18 12.84 Lake ...........................: 12.57 13.70 12.92 15.22 16.48 16.00 15.64 Cornbelt 4/ ....................: 13.62 13.48 13.77 14.50 14.28 16.39 15.28 Delta ..........................: (S) 10.80 12.58 11.63 11.69 11.56 11.74 Northern Plains ................: 13.67 12.35 12.04 15.31 15.83 16.57 15.87 Southern Plains ................: 12.44 13.18 14.16 14.86 14.00 13.23 13.33 Mountain 5/ ....................: 13.04 14.05 14.05 14.33 12.95 14.40 14.18 Pacific and California .........: 15.60 16.63 16.86 15.89 15.64 16.49 16.43 : 48 States 6/ ...................: 12.95 13.68 14.40 14.35 14.35 15.46 15.01 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Region map on page 31. 2/ Includes Northeast I and Northeast II. 3/ Includes Appalachian I and Appalachian II. 4/ Includes Cornbelt I and Cornbelt II. 5/ Includes Mountain I, Mountain II, and Mountain III. 6/ Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. All Hired Worker Gross Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm - Regions and 48 States: July 7-13, 2019 [Excludes agricultural service workers] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Gross value sales-$1,000 : Regions1/ :-----------------------------------------------------------: All : <50 : 50-99 : 100-249 : 250-499 : 500-999 : 1,000+ : farms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per hour : Northeast 2/ ...................: (S) 13.49 13.25 13.68 13.71 14.99 14.61 Appalachian 3/ .................: 12.53 12.55 12.68 13.52 12.48 13.50 13.10 Southeast and Florida ..........: (S) 12.77 12.23 11.22 12.16 12.91 12.61 Lake ...........................: 12.56 13.79 12.21 14.42 15.64 15.48 15.05 Cornbelt 4/ ....................: (S) 11.17 13.58 14.51 14.38 16.15 15.01 Delta ..........................: (S) 10.75 12.53 11.62 12.04 11.91 12.03 Northern Plains ................: (S) 12.88 15.50 13.32 15.14 16.21 15.61 Southern Plains ................: 13.69 12.58 13.54 14.31 13.45 13.22 13.41 Mountain 5/ ....................: 12.20 12.80 13.07 14.95 14.43 14.23 14.08 Pacific and California .........: 15.78 15.66 16.74 16.76 16.01 16.30 16.31 : 48 States 6/ ...................: 13.11 13.36 14.21 14.51 14.52 15.31 14.90 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Region map on page 31. 2/ Includes Northeast I and Northeast II. 3/ Includes Appalachian I and Appalachian II. 4/ Includes Cornbelt I and Cornbelt II. 5/ Includes Mountain I, Mountain II, and Mountain III. 6/ Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. Field and Livestock Workers by Type of Farm [Excludes agricultural service workers, Alaska, and Hawaii] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : July 7-13, : October 6-12, : January 12-18, : April 12-18, : July 12-18, : October 11-17, Type of farm : 2019 : 2019 : 2020 : 2020 : 2020 : 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Field crop farms .....................: 12 14 13 14 12 16 Other crop farms .....................: 57 55 43 48 57 53 Livestock, dairy, and poultry farms ..: 31 31 44 38 31 31 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hired Workers by Economic Class of Farm [Excludes agricultural service workers, Alaska, and Hawaii] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : July 7-13, : October 6-12, : January 12-18, : April 12-18, : July 12-18, : October 11-17, Gross value of sales : 2019 : 2019 : 2020 : 2020 : 2020 : 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Less than $50,000 ....................: 8 8 7 7 7 6 $50,000-$99,999 ......................: 4 3 4 4 5 4 $100,000-$249,999 ....................: 8 8 8 10 8 8 $250,000-$499,999 ....................: 8 8 8 8 9 9 $500,000-$999,999 ....................: 11 11 11 11 11 12 $1,000,000 and over ..................: 61 62 62 60 60 61 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hired Workers by Number of Workers on Farm [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : July 7-13, : October 6-12, : January 12-18, : April 12-18, : July 12-18, : October 11-17, Number of workers on farm : 2019 : 2019 : 2020 : 2020 : 2020 : 2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent 1 worker ...........................: 8 9 10 8 8 7 2 workers ..........................: 7 7 10 10 7 7 3-6 workers ........................: 16 16 18 18 17 18 7-10 workers .......................: 8 7 8 8 8 8 11-20 workers ......................: 10 10 11 13 11 11 21-50 workers ......................: 14 15 15 14 13 13 51 or more workers .................: 37 36 28 29 36 36 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hired Workers by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : July 7-13, :October 6-12, : July 12-18, :October 11-17, Title : SOC Code : 2019 : 2019 : 2020 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : --------------------- 1,000 -------------------- Graders and sorters, agricultural products ..................:(45-2041) 13 16 17 15 Agricultural equipment operators ............................:(45-2091) 130 145 140 154 Farmworkers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse ..................:(45-2092) 374 352 346 320 Farmworkers, farm, ranch, and aquacultural animals ..........:(45-2093) 165 174 152 153 Agricultural workers, all other .............................:(45-2099) 12 11 13 11 Packers and packagers, hand .................................:(53-7064) 14 19 20 16 : : Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers ..........:(11-9013) 22 23 25 25 First-line supervisors of farming, fishing workers ..........:(45-1011) 25 26 20 20 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Gross Wage Rates by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : July 7-13, :October 6-12, : July 12-18, :October 11-17, Title : SOC Code : 2019 : 2019 : 2020 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---------------- dollars per hour ---------------- Graders and sorters, agricultural products ..................:(45-2041) 13.40 13.23 14.00 14.60 Agricultural equipment operators ............................:(45-2091) 14.55 14.64 15.65 15.70 Farmworkers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse ..................:(45-2092) 14.10 14.30 14.80 15.25 Farmworkers, farm, ranch, and aquacultural animals ..........:(45-2093) 13.65 13.70 14.45 14.65 Agricultural workers, all other .............................:(45-2099) 13.80 13.98 14.60 14.55 Packers and packagers, hand .................................:(53-7064) 14.05 14.66 14.40 14.85 : : Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers ..........:(11-9013) 24.60 24.15 25.95 26.35 First-line supervisors of farming, fishing workers ..........:(45-1011) 21.20 21.10 22.65 22.05 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Base Wage Rates by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : July 7-13, :October 6-12, : July 12-18, :October 11-17, Title : SOC Code : 2019 1/ : 2019 1/ : 2020 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---------------- dollars per hour --------------- Graders and sorters, agricultural products ..................:(45-2041) (NA) (NA) 13.80 14.35 Agricultural equipment operators ............................:(45-2091) (NA) (NA) 15.45 15.45 Farmworkers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse ..................:(45-2092) (NA) (NA) 14.50 14.70 Farmworkers, farm, ranch, and aquacultural animals ..........:(45-2093) (NA) (NA) 14.20 14.30 Agricultural workers, all other .............................:(45-2099) (NA) (NA) 14.55 14.45 Packers and packagers, hand .................................:(53-7064) (NA) (NA) 14.30 14.40 : : Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers ..........:(11-9013) (NA) (NA) 25.60 25.90 First-line supervisors of farming, fishing workers ..........:(45-1011) (NA) (NA) 22.25 21.70 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates not established for year 2019. Annual Average Number of Hired Workers, Gross Wage, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States: 2019 and 2020 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hired workers : Hours worked Regions1/ and :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- United States : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Gross : Base2/ : Gross : Base ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------- 1,000 ------ ----------------- hours per week ---------------- : Northeast I .............: 32.5 32.0 40.4 (NA) 41.2 40.5 Northeast II ............: 30.5 26.5 39.6 (NA) 40.0 39.1 : Appalachian I ...........: 31.5 28.8 38.9 (NA) 38.6 38.0 Appalachian II ..........: 22.8 23.5 39.0 (NA) 39.2 38.5 : Southeast ...............: 25.0 29.0 39.5 (NA) 38.8 38.2 : Florida .................: 33.3 36.3 40.8 (NA) 41.8 41.4 : Lake ....................: 56.0 53.0 40.1 (NA) 40.9 40.2 : Cornbelt I ..............: 34.8 36.3 36.7 (NA) 39.1 38.4 Cornbelt II .............: 23.3 25.0 37.0 (NA) 38.2 37.6 : Delta ...................: 27.3 28.8 43.0 (NA) 42.0 41.4 : Northern Plains .........: 33.8 38.0 42.9 (NA) 43.3 42.6 Southern Plains .........: 43.0 53.8 39.7 (NA) 40.0 39.5 : Mountain I ..............: 25.8 24.8 45.2 (NA) 47.0 46.3 Mountain II .............: 16.8 18.3 43.4 (NA) 42.1 41.3 Mountain III ............: 15.8 17.0 46.5 (NA) 46.6 45.9 : Pacific .................: 77.3 72.5 42.7 (NA) 40.7 39.6 California ..............: 151.5 150.3 43.1 (NA) 41.5 39.8 : Hawaii ..................: 4.5 4.3 36.0 (NA) 34.7 34.4 : United States ...........: 684.8 697.8 41.2 (NA) 41.1 40.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Region map on page 31. 2/ Data not collected for year 2019; estimates not established. Annual Average Gross Wage Rates - Regions and United States: 2019 and 2020 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska. Annual rates are averages of the published wage rates for each survey week weighted by the number of hours worked during the week] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Field : Livestock : Field and : All Hired Regions1/ and : : : Livestock : : United States :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per hour : Northeast I ........: 14.65 15.29 13.81 14.54 14.29 14.99 15.39 16.09 Northeast II .......: 13.42 14.35 13.12 13.37 13.34 14.05 14.63 15.10 : Appalachian I ......: 12.74 13.22 12.46 12.91 12.67 13.15 13.30 13.80 Appalachian II .....: 12.26 12.89 12.61 13.05 12.40 12.96 13.16 13.55 : Southeast ..........: 11.76 11.86 11.55 11.69 11.71 11.81 12.38 12.34 Florida ............: 11.75 12.01 11.52 12.45 11.71 12.08 12.58 13.12 : Lake ...............: 14.88 15.07 14.12 14.47 14.40 14.72 15.04 15.44 : Cornbelt I .........: 14.68 15.61 14.14 14.57 14.52 15.31 15.37 15.99 Cornbelt II ........: 14.35 15.54 14.79 15.20 14.58 15.37 15.26 15.94 : Delta ..............: 11.74 11.84 12.12 12.03 11.83 11.88 12.21 12.26 : Northern Plains ....: 16.24 16.68 13.61 15.12 14.99 15.89 15.72 16.46 : Southern Plains ....: 12.30 12.69 12.96 13.34 12.67 13.03 13.46 13.50 : Mountain I .........: 13.36 14.25 13.86 14.81 13.62 14.55 14.46 15.20 Mountain II ........: 14.19 14.68 14.35 14.92 14.26 14.82 14.95 15.41 Mountain III .......: 12.39 13.31 13.58 14.13 12.91 13.67 13.61 14.43 : Pacific ............: 15.91 16.41 14.99 15.78 15.83 16.34 16.37 16.93 California .........: 14.71 16.01 15.04 16.22 14.77 16.05 16.21 17.51 : Hawaii .............: 14.72 15.15 16.18 17.83 14.90 15.56 16.61 17.25 : United States ......: 14.11 14.76 13.74 14.35 13.99 14.62 14.91 15.49 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Region map on page 31. Annual Average Base Wage Rates - Regions and United States: 2019 and 2020 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska. Annual rates are averages of the published wage rates for each survey week weighted by the number of hours worked during the week] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Field : Livestock : Field and : All Hired Regions1/ and : : : Livestock : : United States :--------------------------------------------------------------- :2019 2/: 2020 :2019 2/: 2020 :2019 2/: 2020 :2019 2/: 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per hour : Northeast I ........: (NA) 15.17 (NA) 14.44 (NA) 14.88 (NA) 15.98 Northeast II .......: (NA) 14.23 (NA) 13.22 (NA) 13.91 (NA) 14.97 : Appalachian I ......: (NA) 13.14 (NA) 12.83 (NA) 13.06 (NA) 13.71 Appalachian II .....: (NA) 12.77 (NA) 12.93 (NA) 12.84 (NA) 13.44 : Southeast ..........: (NA) 11.78 (NA) 11.61 (NA) 11.74 (NA) 12.25 Florida ............: (NA) 11.94 (NA) 12.32 (NA) 12.00 (NA) 13.04 : Lake ...............: (NA) 14.97 (NA) 14.35 (NA) 14.61 (NA) 15.32 : Cornbelt I .........: (NA) 15.49 (NA) 14.42 (NA) 15.19 (NA) 15.86 Cornbelt II ........: (NA) 15.42 (NA) 15.06 (NA) 15.24 (NA) 15.81 : Delta ..............: (NA) 11.77 (NA) 11.89 (NA) 11.80 (NA) 12.18 : Northern Plains ....: (NA) 16.53 (NA) 14.91 (NA) 15.76 (NA) 16.34 : Southern Plains ....: (NA) 12.66 (NA) 13.19 (NA) 12.95 (NA) 13.41 : Mountain I .........: (NA) 14.16 (NA) 14.76 (NA) 14.48 (NA) 15.12 Mountain II ........: (NA) 14.33 (NA) 14.87 (NA) 14.62 (NA) 15.22 Mountain III .......: (NA) 13.18 (NA) 13.96 (NA) 13.52 (NA) 14.28 : Pacific ............: (NA) 15.81 (NA) 15.55 (NA) 15.78 (NA) 16.43 California .........: (NA) 15.83 (NA) 15.98 (NA) 15.86 (NA) 17.36 : Hawaii .............: (NA) 15.02 (NA) 17.70 (NA) 15.43 (NA) 17.13 : United States ......: (NA) 14.56 (NA) 14.20 (NA) 14.44 (NA) 15.32 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. 1/ Region map on page 31. 2/ Estimates not established for year 2019. Annual Average Gross Wage Rates and Base Wage Rates by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System - Regions and United States: 2019 and 2020 [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska. Annual gross and base wages are averages of the wage rates for each survey week weighted by the number of hours worked during the week. Base wages between 2019 and 2020 are not comparable. Refer to Base Wage Rate definition on page 33] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ :Graders and sorters, agricultural products : Agricultural equipment operators : SOC Code (45-2041) : SOC Code (45-2091) Regions1/ and :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- United States : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ :Gross wage:Base wage :Gross wage:Base wage :Gross wage:Base wage :Gross wage:Base wage ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ----------- dollars per hour ---------- ----------- dollars per hour ---------- : Northeast I ........: 13.29 13.27 14.36 14.25 15.46 14.98 (S) (S) Northeast II .......: 13.77 12.94 (S) (S) 14.86 (S) 16.52 16.31 : Appalachian I ......: 11.38 11.17 (S) (S) (S) (S) 14.82 14.68 Appalachian II .....: 11.66 11.66 11.55 11.38 13.97 13.84 13.72 13.66 : Southeast ..........: 8.90 8.85 (S) (S) 12.22 12.06 11.84 11.80 Florida ............: 12.07 11.87 (S) (S) 12.20 12.02 12.99 12.94 : Lake ...............: 12.61 11.85 (S) (S) 15.06 14.84 16.04 15.72 : Cornbelt I .........: (S) (S) (S) (S) 16.32 15.62 16.38 16.24 Cornbelt II ........: 14.41 (S) (S) (S) 14.81 14.51 15.84 15.82 : Delta ..............: (S) (S) (S) (S) 12.13 11.86 12.31 12.28 : Northern Plains ....: (S) (S) (S) (S) 16.57 16.27 16.60 16.58 : Southern Plains ....: (S) (S) (S) (S) 13.29 13.17 12.94 12.88 : Mountain I .........: (S) (S) (S) (S) 13.19 12.98 15.26 15.21 Mountain II ........: 13.04 12.72 (S) (S) 14.66 14.24 15.82 15.77 Mountain III .......: 11.90 10.20 (S) (S) 13.09 12.55 14.27 14.15 : Pacific ............: 14.64 13.92 15.27 15.16 15.98 15.32 16.97 16.75 California .........: 14.59 13.65 16.86 16.47 15.25 13.83 16.89 16.51 : Hawaii .............: 14.28 14.18 (S) (S) 18.16 (S) 17.96 17.89 : United States ......: 13.13 12.57 14.09 14.07 14.58 14.06 15.37 (S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Annual Average Gross Wage Rates and Base Wage Rates by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System - Regions and United States: 2019 and 2020 (continued) [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska. Annual gross and base wages are averages of the wage rates for each survey week weighted by the number of hours worked during the week. Base wages between 2019 and 2020 are not comparable. Refer to Base Wage Rate definition on page 33] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Farmworkers, crop, nursery, : Farmworkers, farm, ranch, : and greenhouse : and aquacultural animals : SOC Code (45-2092) : SOC Code (45-2093) Regions1/ and :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- United States : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ :Gross wage:Base wage :Gross wage:Base wage :Gross wage:Base wage :Gross wage:Base wage ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ----------- dollars per hour ---------- ----------- dollars per hour ---------- : Northeast I ........: 14.52 14.23 15.03 14.84 13.72 13.19 14.38 14.19 Northeast II .......: 13.10 12.81 13.84 13.65 12.66 12.46 (S) (S) : Appalachian I ......: 12.54 12.43 12.98 12.91 12.30 12.29 (S) (S) Appalachian II .....: 11.51 11.37 12.27 12.15 12.47 12.09 12.94 12.76 : Southeast ..........: 11.74 11.66 11.88 11.78 11.76 11.70 (S) (S) Florida ............: 11.52 11.38 11.66 11.57 11.47 11.45 12.33 12.17 : Lake ...............: 14.91 14.45 15.02 14.61 14.04 13.70 14.81 14.56 : Cornbelt I .........: 13.73 13.25 15.06 14.92 13.75 13.54 14.55 14.39 Cornbelt II ........: 13.92 13.53 (S) (S) 14.76 14.62 15.35 15.20 : Delta ..............: 11.34 11.19 11.77 11.64 12.03 11.90 12.15 11.95 : Northern Plains ....: 14.23 14.02 15.04 14.86 13.47 13.20 (S) (S) : Southern Plains ....: 12.35 11.92 12.54 12.49 12.61 12.51 13.24 12.98 : Mountain I .........: 13.75 13.34 14.12 13.92 13.78 13.67 14.47 14.33 Mountain II ........: 13.68 13.47 14.38 14.25 14.12 13.65 14.99 14.81 Mountain III .......: 12.27 11.62 12.72 12.57 13.57 13.37 14.04 13.85 : Pacific ............: 16.00 14.73 16.71 15.88 14.96 14.60 15.90 15.72 California .........: 14.56 13.64 15.71 15.56 14.93 13.63 16.07 15.76 : Hawaii .............: 14.33 13.79 14.88 14.78 16.31 15.81 17.57 17.38 : United States ......: 13.98 13.33 14.59 14.29 13.60 13.22 14.28 14.05 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Annual Average Gross Wage Rates and Base Wage Rates by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System - Regions and United States: 2019 and 2020 (continued) [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska. Annual gross and base wages are averages of the wage rates for each survey week weighted by the number of hours worked during the week. Base wages between 2019 and 2020 are not comparable. Refer to Base Wage Rate definition on page 33] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Agricultural worker, all other : Packers and packagers, hand : SOC Code (45-2099) : SOC Code (53-7064) Regions1/ and :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- United States : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ :Gross wage:Base wage :Gross wage:Base wage :Gross wage:Base wage :Gross wage:Base wage ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ----------- dollars per hour ---------- ----------- dollars per hour ---------- : Northeast I ........: (S) (S) (S) (S) 13.42 12.82 15.30 (S) Northeast II .......: 13.49 13.03 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) : Appalachian I ......: (S) (S) 12.77 12.70 (S) (S) (S) (S) Appalachian II .....: 13.03 12.95 13.28 13.25 11.99 11.98 12.15 12.01 : Southeast ..........: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Florida ............: 11.70 11.68 (S) (S) 12.96 12.84 11.38 11.22 : Lake ...............: 13.25 13.06 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) : Cornbelt I .........: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 14.72 (S) Cornbelt II ........: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) : Delta ..............: 11.40 11.37 11.39 11.37 12.25 12.25 12.03 12.02 : Northern Plains ....: (S) (S) 15.38 15.29 (S) (S) (S) (S) : Southern Plains ....: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) : Mountain I .........: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Mountain II ........: (S) (S) 15.13 15.04 (S) (S) 13.32 13.24 Mountain III .......: 12.50 12.32 13.46 13.12 (S) (S) (S) (S) : Pacific ............: 16.07 15.71 16.07 15.81 13.80 13.50 17.15 17.08 California .........: (S) (S) (S) (S) 15.70 13.25 15.51 14.98 : Hawaii .............: (S) (S) (S) (S) 12.90 (S) (S) (S) : United States ......: 14.16 13.86 14.17 (S) 14.07 12.91 14.39 14.34 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Annual Average Gross Wage Rates and Base Wage Rates by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System - Regions and United States: 2019 and 2020 (continued) [Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska. Annual gross and base wages are averages of the wage rates for each survey week weighted by the number of hours worked during the week. Base wages between 2019 and 2020 are not comparable. Refer to Base Wage Rate definition on page 33] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Farmers, ranchers, and other : First-line supervisors of : agricultural managers : farming, fishing workers : SOC Code (11-9013) : SOC Code (45-1011) Regions1/ and :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- United States : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ :Gross wage:Base wage :Gross wage:Base wage :Gross wage:Base wage :Gross wage:Base wage ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ----------- dollars per hour ---------- ----------- dollars per hour ---------- : Northeast I ........: (S) (S) 24.74 24.43 (S) (S) 23.28 23.05 Northeast II .......: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) : Appalachian I ......: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Appalachian II .....: (S) (S) (S) (S) 19.77 19.46 (S) (S) : Southeast ..........: (S) (S) (S) (S) 19.51 19.30 19.69 19.28 Florida ............: 22.15 22.06 (S) (S) 20.90 20.71 22.56 22.35 : Lake ...............: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 22.58 (S) : Cornbelt I .........: (S) (S) (S) (S) 21.40 20.66 (S) (S) Cornbelt II ........: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) : Delta ..............: 19.88 19.67 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) : Northern Plains ....: (S) (S) (S) (S) 20.97 20.87 (S) (S) : Southern Plains ....: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) : Mountain I .........: 21.07 (S) (S) (S) 20.33 (S) (S) (S) Mountain II ........: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 20.93 20.67 Mountain III .......: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 20.74 (S) : Pacific ............: 24.79 24.48 (S) (S) 20.30 20.09 21.66 21.40 California .........: 31.70 30.95 33.78 33.58 23.46 22.35 24.39 24.20 : Hawaii .............: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) : United States ......: 24.66 24.24 25.57 25.37 21.36 20.85 22.48 22.22 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Region map on page 31. Region States Northeast I Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont. Northeast II Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania. Appalachian I North Carolina, Virginia. Appalachian II Kentucky, Tennessee, West Virginia. Southeast Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina. Lake Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin. Cornbelt I Illinois, Indiana, Ohio. Cornbelt II Iowa, Missouri. Delta Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi. Northern Plains Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota. Southern Plains Oklahoma, Texas. Mountain I Idaho, Montana, Wyoming. Mountain II Colorado, Nevada, Utah. Mountain III Arizona, New Mexico. Pacific Oregon, Washington. Farm Labor Definitions The following definitions are provided to assist in interpreting statistics published in Farm Labor reports. To ensure consistency in data collection, the questionnaires and instruction manual used by the interviewers provide more in-depth explanations of these terms. Farm or Ranch: The target population unit for the Farm Labor Survey, which is any place with $1,000 or more in annual agricultural sales (or potential sales). Agricultural Work: Work done on a farm or ranch in connection with the production of agricultural products, including nursery and greenhouse products and animal specialties such as fur farms or apiaries. Also included is work done off the farm to handle farm related business, such as trips to buy feed or deliver products to local market. Hired Worker: Anyone, other than an agricultural service worker, who was paid for at least one hour of agricultural work on a farm or ranch. Worker type is determined by what the employee was primarily hired to do, not necessarily what work was done during the survey week. Types of workers include: Field Workers: Employees engaged in planting, tending and harvesting crops including operation of farm machinery on crop farms. The Standard Occupation Classification (SOC) codes and titles associated with field workers are 45-2041: Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products; 45-2091: Agricultural Equipment Operators; 45-2092: Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery and Greenhouse; 45-2099: Agricultural Workers, All Other; 53-7064: Packers and Packagers, Hand. Livestock Workers: Employees tending livestock, milking cows or caring for poultry, including operation of farm machinery on livestock or poultry operations. SOC codes and titles associated with livestock workers are 45- 2041: Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products; 45-2093: Farmworkers, Farm, Ranch, and Aquacultural Animals; 45-2099: Agricultural Workers, All Other; 53-7064: Packers and Packagers, Hand. Supervisors: Hired managers, range foremen, crew leaders, etc. SOC codes and titles associated with supervisors are 11-9013: Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers; 45-1011: First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers. Other Workers: Employees engaged in agricultural work not included in the other three categories. Bookkeepers and pilots are examples. SOC codes and titles associated with other workers include but are not limited to 45- 2011: Agricultural Inspectors; 45-2021: Animal Breeders; 37-2012: Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators, Vegetation. For more information on the applicable Standard Occupational Classification codes, see "Crosswalk from National Agricultural Statistics Service Farm Labor Survey to the Standard Occupational Classification System" at the "Surveys and Programs" page for Farm Labor, on the NASS website (http://www.nass.usda.gov). Methods of Pay: All wage rates are calculated based on total wages paid and total hours worked during the survey reference week. Wages paid other than hourly (bi-weekly, monthly, etc.) are converted to an hourly basis prior to summarization. Wages paid by piece rate (per quantity of produce picked, etc.) are also converted to an hourly basis. Base Hours: Base hours are the number of hours worked, for which base wages are paid. Base hours are used in the calculation of base wage rates beginning in year 2020. Base hours were not collected prior to year 2020. Gross Wage Rate: Gross wages are the total amount paid to workers before taxes and other deductions; the rate is per hour. The worker's share of social security and unemployment insurance is included, but the employer's share is excluded. Gross wages may include in-kind payments (e.g., agricultural product like a side of beef, bushels of grain, etc.) provided in lieu of wages for work done. The value of perquisites is excluded from gross wages. Base Wage Rate: Base wages are gross wages less regularly paid bonuses, overtime pay, or other incentive pay. Beginning in year 2020, the rate is per base hour. In 2019, the rate is per gross hour. For employees receiving incentive pay such as piece rate pay or commissions, base wages are the minimum amount guaranteed. Perquisites: Benefits, such as cash bonuses, housing, or meals, provided to an employee in addition to pay are included in perquisites. Wage rates published in this release do not include the value of these benefits. Term of Employment: The length of time during the year the farm operator expects to employ those workers who were on the payroll during the survey week. Agricultural Service: Any farm-related service performed on a farm or ranch on a contract or fee basis. This primarily includes activities performed by contract workers on fruit, vegetable, or berry operations. It also includes custom work, veterinarian work, artificial insemination, sheep shearing, milk testing, or any other farm-related activity performed on a farm or ranch on a "fee per service" basis. The agricultural services component has been discontinued from the Farm Labor Survey. Contract Labor: Contract workers are paid by a crew leader, contractor, buyer, processor, cooperative, or other person who has an oral or written agreement with a farmer/rancher. Pruning, thinning, weeding or harvesting of fruit, vegetable or berry crops are examples. A machine is not a part of the service activity provided by the contractor. The Farm Labor Survey excludes measures of contract labor. Custom Work: Work performed by machines and labor hired as a unit. Hay baling, combining, corn or cotton picking, spraying, fertilizing, and laser leveling are examples of custom work when the equipment is included in the service activity. The Farm Labor Survey excludes measures of custom labor. Type of Farm (or Ranch): An operation is classified in the farm type which accounts for the largest portion of the total gross value of sales for its agricultural production. Types of farms broken out in this publication are: Field Crops: A farm producing wheat, rice, corn, soybeans, barley, dry beans, rye, sorghum, cotton, popcorn, tobacco, or other such crops. Other Crops: A farm producing vegetables, melons, berry crops, grapes, tree nuts, citrus fruits, deciduous tree fruits, avocados, dates, figs, olives, nursery, or greenhouse crops. This category also includes farms producing potatoes, sugar crops, hay, peanuts, hops, mint, and maple syrup. Livestock or Poultry: A farm producing cattle, hogs, sheep, goats, milk, chickens, eggs, turkeys, or animal specialties such as furs, fish, honey, etc. Gross Value of Sales: This includes all income during a year from the sale of crops, livestock, dairy, poultry, or other related agricultural products, including the landlord's share and the value of products produced under contract. When commodities are placed under CCC loan, they are considered sold. Survey Methodology Survey Procedures: The NASS Agricultural (Farm) Labor Survey is normally conducted semi-annually in April and October, in all surveyed states except California. During the April data collection, data for both January and April reference weeks are collected. During the October data collection, data for both July and October reference weeks are collected. The quarterly reference week is the Sunday to Saturday period which includes the 12th day of the month. For California, collection of these data is currently conducted on a quarterly basis, as part of the California Employment Development Department monthly labor program. Due to the suspension and subsequent reinstatement of the U.S. level survey, data collection for the October 2020 Farm Labor Survey was conducted December 10, 2020 to January 21, 2021. The reference periods remained the Sunday through Saturday weeks that included the 12th day of the months of July 2020 and October 2020. The target population for the Farm Labor Survey program is all operations which meet the definition of a farm or ranch. An optimal sample is selected in each state. Beginning with the July and October 2019 survey, the sample size was increased to approximately 38,000 operations to accommodate program expansion. The Farm Labor Survey is a multiple frame survey, incorporating samples from both the NASS list and area frames to ensure adequate coverage. Farms and ranches on the list frame are sampled through a hierarchical stratified design, with strata based on measures of size. Those operations with associated control data indicating peak numbers of workers are stratified based on these values, and those expected to employ large numbers of workers (higher peak number values) are selected with the greatest frequency. Farms on the list frame which do not have peak worker control data are stratified and sampled based on farm value of sales. Farms stratified by farm value of sales are selected at a lower frequency. In order to provide coverage of farms not currently part of the NASS list frame, a second sample is drawn consisting of segments of land selected from the NASS area frame. The area frame contains all land in the state and, as such, is complete. The land is stratified according to intensity of agriculture using satellite imagery. The land in each stratum is divided into segments of roughly one square mile. Segments are optimally allocated and sampled to effectively measure crops and livestock. The sampled segments are fully enumerated in June. All farms and ranches found operating tracts in these segments are checked to see if they are included in the list frame hired labor population. The farms and ranches that are not included in the list frame labor population, called nonoverlap tracts, are sampled for the Farm Labor Survey so that the target population is completely represented. The area frame component is enumerated during each semi-annual Farm Labor Survey data collection period along with the list sample. Most respondents are first contacted through self-administered mailed questionnaires, which can be completed either by hand or securely online. Nonresponse to the mail and online request is followed-up by telephone enumeration. All manually completed survey questionnaires are returned to the NASS National Operations Center, where they are visually reviewed and key entered. Throughout the data collection process, steps are taken to minimize the impact of nonsampling errors such as reporting, recording, and editing errors. These steps include questionnaire testing, comprehensive interviewer training, validation, and verification of processing systems, application of detailed computer edits, and evaluation of the data via analysis tools. Estimating Procedures: Nonresponse adjustment is necessary to account for producers who refuse to participate in the survey, cannot be located during the data collection period, or who submit incomplete reports. These nonrespondents must be accounted for if accurate estimates of farm labor are to be made. For the Farm Labor Survey, nonrespondents are accounted for by adjusting the weights of the respondents. The adjustment occurs by stratum as all strata represent homogeneous groupings of similar sized farms. The adjustment is performed by individual item on the questionnaire so adjustments for item nonresponse (partial reports) and unit nonresponse (refusals and inaccessibles) are done in a single calculation. For estimation of data items, point estimates called direct expansions are calculated by multiplying the reported value by the final adjusted weight (initial sampling weight adjusted for nonresponse) and summing to a stratum total. A variance estimate is also computed at the stratum level. The nonoverlap tracts are treated as an additional stratum. Totals and variances are additive across strata to form state level point estimates. Ratio estimates are also computed for many items. For example, wage rates are calculated as the ratio of total wages to total hours worked. Ratio estimates use the reweighted estimator described above for the numerator and denominator direct expansions. Both the numerator and denominator must be usable in order for that record to be used in the ratio estimator. The number of hired workers, average hours worked, average wage rate data, and all associated sub-items are summarized from the dataset. Because an identical data collection instrument (questionnaire) and follow-up interview are used for all states, as well as identical editing, analysis, and summarization processes, state data can be summarized and regional and national survey point estimates computed. For estimation purposes, point estimates are adopted as survey indications for all data items. The summary results provide multiple direct and ratio indications for each data series being estimated. The results also provide information used to assess the performance of the current survey and evaluate the quality of the survey indications. NASS Regional Field Offices review the state level indications and submit state level comments documenting state specific concerns to NASS headquarters. NASS headquarters completes the regional and national level summaries, which utilize the same estimators and produce the same indications as the state level summaries. All estimates are set at NASS headquarters. Starting in 2020, model-based estimates of hired workers, average hours worked, average wage rates, and the associated sub-items are produced to support the NASS estimation processes. Statistical models are mathematical equations that relate quantities of interest (in this case, number of workers, hours, and wage rates) to a set of important input factors. The models used by NASS relate the direct expansions obtained from the current Farm Labor Survey to previous year, same quarter official estimates. This modeling approach improves the precision of the resulting estimates. In particular, estimates in publication cells derived from few reports become more precise than estimates derived from the survey alone. For the final step in the estimation process, NASS assembles a panel of statisticians to serve as the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB) for the Farm Labor Survey. The Farm Labor ASB reviews both the modeled and survey indications and establishes all final, official estimates for the Farm Labor Survey program. Since larger sample sizes yield more precise results, the ASB employs the "top-down" approach by determining the national level estimates first and reconciling the state, regional, and national numbers for all estimates including number of hired workers, average hours worked, average wage rates, and associated sub-items. As part of the semi-annual process, the ASB also considers revised indications and issues revisions of previously published estimates where appropriate. Additionally, the ASB reviews the annual average estimates for the November publication, which are summarized from the final regional and national level estimates for each of the four quarters. Through examining indications across states and regions, re- examining outliers, and considering state level comments, the ASB is able to establish all final estimates according to both local conditions and regional and national conditions and trends. Farm Labor Survey Reinstatement: The suspension and subsequent reinstatement of the October 2020 Farm Labor Survey changed the maximum recall period (i.e., the time between when agricultural producers first have data available, and when the survey is conducted) for the survey from approximately three months to approximately six months. NASS was unable to research what effect, if any, the extended recall period had on data quality. However, NASS conducts other data collections with longer recall periods (such as the annual Agricultural Resource Management Survey and the quinquennial Census of Agriculture have recall periods of up to a year). External Factors: In addition to the delay in data collection for the October 2020 Farm Labor Survey, all NASS data collections taking place after approximately mid-March 2020 were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. In March 2020, NASS stopped face-to-face (in person) data collection and began decentralizing its telephone data collection centers. This meant that telephone interviewers who normally worked in central facilities, now conducted interviews from their homes using NASS-issued equipment. It also meant that interviewers who normally conducted in-person interviews, now also conducted telephone interviews from their homes. NASS was unable to research what effect, if any, this change in enumerator practice had on data quality. October 2020 Farm Labor Survey Metrics: The table below provides a variety of information, including sample sizes and response rates, for the four most recent instances of the Farm Labor Survey. The information is intended to provide data users with data to compare the performance of the October 2020 Farm Labor Survey with other instances of the survey. Any differences may be a result of collecting the data in December instead of October, NASS and non- NASS factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic, random error, or other unidentified sources. Farm Labor Survey Sample Sizes and Response Rates - United States: 2017-2020 Item Farm Labor Survey 1 2017 2018 2019 2020 Apr Oct Apr Oct Apr Oct Apr Dec Sample size 12,487 12,601 10,421 10,993 30,195 35,948 34,970 34,890 Reference week Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan Apr Jul Oct Response rate 54.8 55.4 55.3 55.7 53. 8 54.0 52. 8 53.1 51.2 51.1 51.4 51.5 54.4 54.2 43.9 43.9 Refusal rate 15.4 14.9 15.6 15.2 15. 1 14.9 13. 9 13.6 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.1 13.8 14.0 13.5 13.5 Inaccessib le rate 26.7 26.7 26.0 26.0 27. 8 27.8 28. 9 28.9 30.8 30.8 31.4 31.4 28.2 28.2 38.7 38.7 Response by mode (%) Mail 18.0 18.0 17.6 17.6 19. 3 19.3 18. 8 18.8 20.5 20.5 19.1 19.1 22.1 22.1 17.4 17.4 Telephone 39.8 39.8 42.5 42.5 38. 8 38.8 37. 4 37.4 35.5 35.5 34.2 34.2 44.5 44.5 36.4 36.4 Face-to- face 14.3 14.3 15.0 15.0 13. 1 13.1 12. 0 12.0 8.9 8.9 10.3 10.3 1.9 1.9 0.8 0.8 Web 2.7 2.7 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8 2.7 2.7 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.4 6.1 6.1 4.5 4.5 Other 25.2 25.2 23.3 23.3 27. 0 27.0 29. 1 29.1 31.5 31.5 33.0 33.0 25.4 25.4 40.9 40.9 Overall average number of dialing attempts 10.3 11.8 11.5 13.2 7.9 2 8.1 Not availabl e 3 7.3 1 The Farm Labor Survey is conducted twice a year, typically in April and October. Each survey instance collects data for two reference weeks. The survey conducted in April collects data for January and April, and the survey conducted in October (or December in 2020) collects data for July and October. 2 The decision was made in 2019 to limit call attempts to 10 as additional calling did not increase response rates significantly and as a cost savings measure. 3 Due to covid precautions, April 2020 data collection was done by field enumerators instead of through centralized call centers. NASS encountered several data collection challenges for the 2020 October Farm Labor Survey. One challenge was balancing resources between the Farm Labor Survey and several other large surveys that took place in the December- January time period. Collectively, these surveys stressed NASS's Data Collection Centers, and possibly contributed to lower-than-desired response rates across all surveys. In addition, multiple federal holidays posed the typical challenges of being able to contact producers and recruiting enumerators to work. In addition to enumerator challenges, NASS received several reports of United States Postal Service (USPS) delays, resulting in either delays in producers receiving Farm Labor Survey questionnaires, or NASS receiving completed questionnaires. NASS received several comments from enumerators that stated producers refused to respond to the 2020 October Farm Labor Survey due to family situations speculated to be related to the COVID-19 pandemic. While no empirical data are available related to the efficacy of the longer-than-normal recall period, enumerator comments suggest a mixture of impacts. Some enumerator- received comments suggest the longer recall period had no effect, while others suggest it contributed to respondents having recall problems providing July 2020 data. Collectively, the enumerator-received comments provide glimpses of respondents' reactions to the survey, rather than empirical evidence of survey error. More information on the historical performance of the Agricultural Labor Survey may be found in Farm Labor Methodology and Quality Measures, available on NASS's website at https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/Methodology_and_Data_Quality/Farm_Labo r/index.php. The Farm Labor Methodology and Quality Measures for the October 2020 Farm Labor Survey will be published in mid-March 2021. Revision Policy: Farm labor statistics are subject to revision semi-annually and annually. Revisions must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. Farm labor data for July and October 2019 and April 2020 were subject to revision with this report. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov. Tony Dorn, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch.......... (202) 720-6146 Bruce Boess, Head, Economics Section......................................... (202) 720-4447 Stephanie Brennan - Farm Computer Use, Farm Production Expenditures....... (202) 690-0392 Kuan Chen - Prices, Prices Indexes, Parity Prices......................... (202) 690-3347 Doug Farmer - Chemical Use, Land Values................................... (202) 690-3229 Zoe Johnson - Cash Receipts, Farm Production Expenditures................. (202) 720-5446 Michael Mathison - Cash Rents, Farms, Land in Farms, Grazing Fees......... (202) 720-3243 Max Reason - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes.. (202) 720-8844 Theresa Varner - Farm Labor............................................... (202) 690-3231 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" or "State" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Cornell's Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS's and other agencies archived reports. The new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from the new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. 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