HDR1012000170050815951500Farm Labor
HDR2012000170050815951500Farm Labor Narrative
Released August 15, 1995, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service
(NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture. For
information on "Farm Labor" call Eddie Oaks at (202) 690-3228, office hours
8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. ET. For assistance with general agricultural
statistics, information about NASS, its products or services, contact the NASS
Information Hotline at 1-800-727-9540 or E-mail: NASS@AG.GOV. Estimates refer
to the week of July 9-15, 1995.
July Worker Numbers Up
There were 3.67 million people working on the Nation's farms and ranches during
the week of July 9-15, 1995. This compares with 3.51 million people during the
July 1994 survey week. Self-employed farm operators accounted for 1.63 million
of the total, along with 632,000 unpaid workers, and 1.07 million workers hired
directly by farm operators. Agricultural service employees working on farms
and ranches made up the remaining 348,000 workers.
Farm operators paid their hired workers an average wage of $6.44 per hour
during the July 1995 survey week. This rate was up 23 cents from a year
earlier. Workers paid on an hourly basis earned $6.12 per hour compared with
$5.91 last July. Field workers received an average of $6.09 per hour, up
24 cents from the July 1994 survey week. Livestock workers earned $5.94 per
hour compared with $5.67 a year earlier.
Self-employed farm operators worked an average of 39.0 hours, compared to
37.4 hours in the comparable week in 1994. Unpaid workers averaged 34.0 hours,
compared to 32.0 hours last year. Hired employees worked 39.9 hours during the
survey week, the same as last year.
Beginning in July 1994, all benefits received by hired workers are summarized
by each benefit category. Benefits were provided for 484,000 hired workers.
Farm operators provided housing for 170,000, meals for 74,000, bonuses for
76,000, health insurance for 222,000, transportation for 69,000, and other
benefits for 217,000 hired workers.
During the survey week of July 9-15, 1995, extreme but short-lived heat surged
through the central Plains and Corn Belt, reaching the Northeast by week's end.
The clear weather provided farmers a full week suitable for fieldwork, but the
intense summer heat prevented some field activities. Elsewhere, thunderstorms
traversed the Northern States, eventually shifting southward and bringing
moisture to the northern and western Corn Belt as cooler air arrived. Dryness
persisted, however, in the central Corn Belt; in the Northeast; and in parts of
the Southeast. Cool weather in the Western States allowed field activities to
progress, but slowed crop development. Activities in California included small
grain and hay harvest, irrigation and fields were sprayed for insects and
weeds. Stone fruit, Valencia orange, grapefruit, and avocado harvest
continued. Hay making and tobacco harvest were some of the activities in
Florida. Cotton harvest is picking up in the Central Texas area but is winding
down in the Valley. Vegetable harvest in the Rio Grande Valley continues.
Sp Sy 8 (8-95)
HDR2012000170050815951500Employment, Hours Worked and Wage Rates
Farm Labor: Employment, Hours Worked and Wage Rates, United States,
July 9-15, 1995, with Comparisons 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: July 10-16, : April 9-15, : July 9-15,
Farm Employment : 1994 : 1995 : 1995
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 1,000
:
Farm Workers : 3,169 2,643 3,324
:
Self-Employed : 1,572 1,435 1,626
Unpaid : 557 386 632
Hired : 1,040 822 1,066
Expected to be Employed :
150 Days or More : 664 605 669
149 Days or Less : 376 217 397
:
Agricultural Services :
Workers Working on Farms : 341 214 348
:
Total Farm & Service Workers : 3,510 2,857 3,672
:
: Hours per Week
:
Hours Worked :
Self-Employed : 37.4 35.0 39.0
Unpaid : 32.0 29.8 34.0
Hired : 39.9 40.7 39.9
:
: Dollars per Hour
:
Wage Rates for :
All Hired Workers 2/ 3/ : 6.21 6.49 6.44
:
Method of Pay :
Hourly : 5.91 6.20 6.12
Piece-Rate : 6.61 6.33 7.10
Other : 6.90 7.29 7.13
:
Type of Worker :
Field & Livestock Combined : 5.81 6.01 6.06
Field : 5.85 6.05 6.09
Livestock : 5.67 5.88 5.94
Supervisory : 9.67 10.58 10.21
Other : 8.17 8.37 7.95
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Excludes AK.
2/ Benefits, such as housing and meals, are provided some workers but
the values are not included in the wage rates.
3/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
HDR2012000170050815951500Workers on Farms
Workers on Farms: Number by Region, State,
and United States, July 9-15, 1995 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : : Hired
: : : :-----------------------------------
State : All : Self- : : : Expected to be Employed
and : Farm :Employed : Unpaid : Number :-------------------------
Region 2/ : Workers : 3/ : 3/ : of : 150 Days : 149 Days
: : : : Workers : or More 3/ : or Less 3/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 1,000
:
NY : 76 27
Other 4/ : 57 26
Northeast I : 133 54 26 53 37 16
:
PA : 102 28
Other 4/ : 59 24
Northeast II : 161 74 35 52 32 20
:
NC : 123 56
VA : 65 23
Appalachian I : 188 85 24 79 32 47
:
Appalachian II : 225 138 43 44 21 23
Southeast : 139 71 22 46 24 22
FL : 79 24 7 48 44 4
:
MI : 93 29
MN : 128 24
WI : 145 37
Lake : 366 189 87 90 43 47
:
Cornbelt I : 306 185 65 56 33 23
Cornbelt II : 252 156 60 36 23 13
Delta : 154 81 26 47 34 13
Northern Plains: 272 155 79 38 25 13
:
OK : 85 10
TX : 260 59
Southern Plains: 345 218 58 69 50 19
:
Mountain I : 90 38 19 33 21 12
Mountain II : 73 36 17 20 13 7
:
AZ : 31 14
NM : 30 6
Mountain III : 61 16 25 20 16 4
:
OR : 102 50
WA : 86 53
Pacific : 188 58 27 103 49 54
:
CA : 281 45 11 225 166 59
HI : 11 3 1 7 6 1
AK : 1 6/ 6/ .4 6/ 6/
:
US 5/ : 3,324 1,626 632 1,066 669 397
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/ Region map on page 17.
3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only.
4/ Other States in the same region.
5/ Excludes AK.
6/ Insufficient data.
Workers on Farms: Hours Worked and Wage Rates for All Hired Workers
by Region, State, and United States, July 9-15, 1995 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Hours Worked :
State :----------------------------------: Wage Rates for
and : Self- : : : All Hired Workers
Region 2/ :Employed 3/: Unpaid 3/ : Hired :
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ------ Hours per Week ------ Dollars per Hour
:
NY : 43.9 6.29
Other 4/ : 38.5 7.35
Northeast I : 49.3 31.3 41.3 6.77
:
PA : 42.0 5.96
Other 4/ : 39.6 6.80
Northeast II : 43.5 40.0 40.9 6.32
:
NC : 35.0 5.70
VA : 38.0 6.24
Appalachian I : 31.7 29.9 35.9 5.87
:
Appalachian II : 30.1 27.8 29.0 5.61
Southeast : 32.6 25.1 37.3 5.89
FL : 26.0 24.0 38.0 7.80
:
MI : 35.4 6.35
MN : 39.6 6.19
WI : 32.0 6.56
Lake : 45.0 34.7 35.1 6.38
:
Cornbelt I : 39.4 32.5 37.5 6.37
Cornbelt II : 41.3 33.4 32.9 6.26
Delta : 37.2 34.4 40.0 5.61
Northern Plains: 52.7 44.7 48.6 5.98
:
OK : 40.0 6.00
TX : 42.8 5.80
Southern Plains: 31.8 27.8 42.4 5.83
:
Mountain I : 48.1 38.2 41.9 5.87
Mountain II : 41.4 35.9 40.9 5.78
:
AZ : 50.0 6.30
NM : 47.9 6.10
Mountain III : 36.3 33.5 49.4 6.24
:
OR : 41.2 6.60
WA : 39.0 7.18
Pacific : 32.3 34.0 40.1 6.89
:
CA : 34.9 28.5 44.1 6.88
HI : 31.4 33.7 37.3 9.94
AK : 41.0 32.0 36.0 7.40
:
US 5/ : 39.0 34.0 39.9 6.44
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/ Region map on page 17.
3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only.
4/ Other States in the same region.
5/ Excludes AK.
HDR2012000170050815951500Hired Workers
Hired Workers: Wage Rates by Region, State,
and United States, July 9-15, 1995 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Type of Worker 5/ : Method of Pay 6/
State :----------------------------------------------------------------
and : : : Field & :Super-: : : Piece :
Region 2/ :Field :Livestock:Livestock :visory:Other:Hourly : Rate : Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Dollars per Hour
:
NY : 6.26 5.96 6.28
Other 4/ : 7.05 6.61 7.50
Northeast I : 6.58 5.71 6.23 9.51 7.75 6.84 3/ 6.52
:
PA : 6.00 5.66 6.19
Other 4/ : 6.22 6.16 6.44
Northeast II : 6.10 5.22 5.86 9.69 7.72 6.30 6.48 6.29
:
NC : 5.46 5.51 5.41
VA : 6.10 6.09 6.00
Appalachian I : 5.63 6.13 5.68 9.04 7.58 5.55 6.54 6.56
:
Appalachian II : 5.37 5.56 5.43 7.93 3/ 5.32 3/ 6.48
Southeast : 5.47 5.58 5.49 9.18 3/ 5.41 6.99 6.36
FL : 6.79 6.45 6.75 13.50 10.25 6.91 8.00 11.25
:
MI : 6.15 6.10 6.37
MN : 5.77 5.98 6.12
WI : 6.60 6.02 6.65
Lake : 6.18 5.71 6.03 9.55 6.19 6.40 5.78 6.43
:
Cornbelt I : 6.07 6.10 6.08 10.59 6.61 5.97 3/ 7.04
Cornbelt II : 5.93 5.95 5.93 8.88 3/ 6.03 3/ 6.87
Delta : 5.28 5.72 5.40 9.09 3/ 5.36 3/ 6.23
Northern Plains: 6.10 5.33 5.83 7.90 5.48 6.30 3/ 5.51
:
OK : 5.60 5.63 5.60
TX : 5.36 5.50 5.38
Southern Plains: 5.39 5.76 5.52 9.60 6.82 5.41 3/ 6.58
:
Mountain I : 5.71 5.91 5.77 3/ 3/ 6.15 3/ 5.70
Mountain II : 5.48 5.09 5.31 8.57 3/ 5.92 3/ 5.61
:
AZ : 5.55 5.67 5.60
NM : 5.52 5.81 5.78
Mountain III : 5.54 6.31 5.71 3/ 3/ 5.65 3/ 8.01
:
OR : 6.34 6.32 6.06
WA : 6.96 7.07 6.78
Pacific : 6.66 7.35 6.70 9.92 8.57 6.44 7.39 8.58
:
CA : 6.27 7.52 6.37 11.83 9.99 6.27 7.16 10.29
HI : 8.81 3/ 8.78 16.00 3/ 9.00 3/ 14.68
AK : 7.10 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 7.40 3/ 3/
:
US 7/ : 6.09 5.94 6.06 10.21 7.95 6.12 7.10 7.13
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/ Region map on page 17.
3/ Insufficient data.
4/ Other States in the same region.
5/ Livestock, Supervisory, and Other published at regional and U.S. level only.
6/ Piece Rate and Other published at regional and U.S. level only.
7/ Excludes AK.
HDR2012000170050815951500Workers on Farms
Workers on Farms: Number by Region, State, and United States,
April 9-15, 1995 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : : Hired
: : : :-----------------------------------
State : All : Self- : : : Expected to be Employed
and : Farm :Employed : Unpaid : Number :-------------------------
Region 2/ : Workers : 3/ : 3/ : of : 150 Days : 149 Days
: : : : Workers : or More 3/ : or Less 3/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 1,000
:
NY : 50 17
Other 4/ : 49 25
Northeast I : 99 41 16 42 35 7
:
PA : 75 21
Other 4/ : 36 12
Northeast II : 111 56 22 33 26 7
:
NC : 84 29
VA : 54 15
Appalachian I : 138 76 18 44 30 14
:
Appalachian II : 177 115 32 30 16 14
Southeast : 113 59 12 42 30 12
FL : 72 19 3 50 43 7
:
MI : 70 29
MN : 89 11
WI : 118 24
Lake : 277 160 53 64 46 18
:
Cornbelt I : 242 166 30 46 36 10
Cornbelt II : 206 143 30 33 26 7
Delta : 133 84 16 33 25 8
Northern Plains: 196 133 40 23 19 4
:
OK : 74 9
TX : 243 45
Southern Plains: 317 219 44 54 44 10
:
Mountain I : 68 32 17 19 16 3
Mountain II : 47 25 9 13 11 2
:
AZ : 27 13
NM : 30 6
Mountain III : 57 14 24 19 16 3
:
OR : 58 19
WA : 61 37
Pacific : 119 50 13 56 37 19
:
CA : 260 40 6 214 143 71
HI : 11 3 1 7 6 1
:
US 5/ : 2,643 1,435 386 822 605 217
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/ Region map on page 17.
3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only.
4/ Other States in the same region.
5/ Excludes AK.
Workers on Farms: Hours Worked and Wage Rates for All Hired Workers,
by Region, State, and United States, April 9-15, 1995 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Hours Worked :
State :----------------------------------: Wage Rates for
and : Self- : : : All Hired Workers
Region 2/ :Employed 3/: Unpaid 3/ : Hired :
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ------ Hours per Week ------ Dollars per Hour
:
NY : 42.0 6.45
Other 4/ : 39.0 7.55
Northeast I : 44.8 32.7 40.2 7.08
:
PA : 41.0 6.06
Other 4/ : 41.3 7.07
Northeast II : 38.3 34.2 41.1 6.44
:
NC : 33.7 5.95
VA : 41.0 6.27
Appalachian I : 31.3 33.2 36.2 6.08
:
Appalachian II : 27.2 25.8 36.4 5.75
Southeast : 30.3 29.5 40.3 5.57
FL : 27.0 29.0 38.0 7.86
:
MI : 42.6 6.86
MN : 37.5 7.65
WI : 36.9 6.70
Lake : 41.5 29.3 39.6 6.93
:
Cornbelt I : 31.4 29.8 37.2 6.67
Cornbelt II : 33.2 26.9 37.7 6.05
Delta : 32.6 25.2 38.8 5.62
Northern Plains: 43.9 37.5 41.1 6.22
:
OK : 37.0 6.50
TX : 41.3 5.71
Southern Plains: 33.7 25.0 40.6 5.82
:
Mountain I : 46.3 32.3 46.5 5.71
Mountain II : 38.1 29.5 41.3 6.20
:
AZ : 42.0 6.41
NM : 45.6 6.43
Mountain III : 31.1 27.6 43.1 6.42
:
OR : 39.6 6.88
WA : 38.0 7.03
Pacific : 31.4 29.6 38.5 6.98
:
CA : 31.5 34.7 44.8 6.55
HI : 30.4 29.1 36.5 10.02
:
US 5/ : 35.0 29.8 40.7 6.49
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/ Region map on page 17.
3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only.
4/ Other States in the same region.
5/ Excludes AK.
HDR2012000170050815951500Hired Workers
Hired Workers: Wage Rates by Region, State, and United States,
April 9-15, 1995 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Type of Worker 5/ : Method of Pay 6/
State :----------------------------------------------------------------
and : : : Field & :Super-: : : Piece :
Region 2/ :Field :Livestock:Livestock :visory:Other:Hourly : Rate : Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Dollars per Hour
:
NY : 6.76 5.95 6.95
Other 4/ : 7.00 6.60 7.50
Northeast I : 6.90 5.71 6.30 10.13 8.67 7.29 3/ 6.65
:
PA : 6.19 5.67 6.18
Other 4/ : 6.91 6.69 7.04
Northeast II : 6.53 5.30 6.06 9.53 8.13 6.56 3/ 6.22
:
NC : 5.37 5.58 5.75
VA : 5.85 5.89 6.10
Appalachian I : 5.54 6.17 5.69 9.04 7.54 5.87 3/ 6.61
:
Appalachian II : 5.68 5.48 5.61 3/ 7.89 5.92 3/ 5.26
Southeast : 5.16 5.56 5.24 9.69 6.94 5.31 4.70 6.14
FL : 7.05 6.20 6.97 12.70 11.65 7.25 7.50 10.90
:
MI : 6.41 6.41 6.48
MN : 8.34 7.26 7.80
WI : 7.05 5.73 6.90
Lake : 6.70 5.79 6.28 10.78 8.45 6.76 3/ 7.23
:
Cornbelt I : 6.25 5.94 6.19 9.81 6.99 6.40 3/ 7.46
Cornbelt II : 6.16 5.63 5.77 8.70 6.50 5.69 3/ 7.15
Delta : 5.23 5.84 5.41 9.18 6.28 5.33 3/ 6.28
Northern Plains: 6.63 5.66 6.12 3/ 3/ 6.37 3/ 6.07
:
OK : 5.95 5.86 6.00
TX : 5.38 5.49 5.57
Southern Plains: 5.44 5.67 5.54 8.44 6.64 5.63 3/ 6.00
:
Mountain I : 5.61 5.38 5.51 3/ 6.18 5.60 3/ 5.77
Mountain II : 5.65 5.53 5.58 8.27 3/ 5.47 3/ 6.91
:
AZ : 5.75 5.86 6.00
NM : 5.55 6.21 5.60
Mountain III : 5.71 6.53 5.98 10.13 3/ 5.94 3/ 7.19
:
OR : 6.30 6.35 6.23
WA : 6.43 6.56 6.62
Pacific : 6.39 7.37 6.49 10.79 9.23 6.50 3/ 9.53
:
CA : 5.94 7.25 6.03 12.76 9.62 6.00 6.21 10.81
HI : 8.75 3/ 8.73 15.40 3/ 9.00 3/ 14.16
:
US 7/ : 6.05 5.88 6.01 10.58 8.37 6.20 6.33 7.29
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/ Region map on page 17.
3/ Insufficient data.
4/ Other States in the same region.
5/ Livestock, Supervisory, and Other published at regional and U.S. level only.
6/ Piece Rate and Other published at regional and U.S. level only.
7/ Excludes AK.
HDR2012000170050815951500Workers on Farms
Workers on Farms: Number by Region, State,
and United States, July 10-16, 1994 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : : Hired
: : : :-----------------------------------
State : All : Self- : : : Expected to be Employed
and : Farm :Employed : Unpaid : Number :-------------------------
Region 2/ : Workers : 3/ : 3/ : of : 150 Days : 149 Days
: : : : Workers : or More 3/ : or Less 3/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 1,000
:
NY : 72 26
Other 4/ : 59 31
Northeast I : 131 52 22 57 40 17
:
PA : 90 21
Other 4/ : 48 24
Northeast II : 138 60 33 45 30 15
:
NC : 109 53
VA : 51 17
Appalachian I : 160 70 20 70 31 39
:
Appalachian II : 184 128 28 28 16 12
Southeast : 133 70 15 48 30 18
FL : 70 23 5 42 37 5
:
MI : 96 35
MN : 127 30
WI : 144 36
Lake : 367 187 79 101 52 49
:
Cornbelt I : 309 190 57 62 35 27
Cornbelt II : 235 150 53 32 21 11
Delta : 145 87 20 38 29 9
Northern Plains: 250 148 64 38 25 13
:
OK : 87 11
TX : 270 66
Southern Plains: 357 216 64 77 50 27
:
Mountain I : 93 42 22 29 21 8
Mountain II : 66 29 14 23 16 7
:
AZ : 30 14
NM : 30 7
Mountain III : 60 14 25 21 18 3
:
OR : 82 33
WA : 98 64
Pacific : 180 59 24 97 42 55
:
CA : 278 44 11 223 163 60
HI : 13 3 1 9 8 1
AK : 1.1 6/ 6/ .5 6/ 6/
:
US 5/ : 3,169 1,572 557 1,040 664 376
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/ Region map on page 17.
3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only.
4/ Other States in the same region.
5/ Excludes AK.
6/ Insufficent data.
Workers on Farms: Hours Worked and Wage Rates for All Hired Workers
by Region, State, and United States, July 10-16, 1994 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Hours Worked 3/ :
State :----------------------------------: Wage Rates for
and : Self- : : : All Hired Workers
Region 2/ : Employed : Unpaid/ : Hired :
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ------ Hours per Week ------ Dollars per Hour
:
NY : 41.9 6.03
Other 4/ : 39.0 7.35
Northeast I : 48.0 32.4 40.3 6.72
:
PA : 40.0 5.57
Other 4/ : 46.4 6.53
Northeast II : 43.8 34.8 43.4 6.12
:
NC : 34.1 5.51
VA : 38.0 5.84
Appalachian I : 32.2 30.9 35.0 5.60
:
Appalachian II : 27.1 28.2 30.5 5.85
Southeast : 28.6 26.9 30.7 5.83
FL : 26.0 26.0 39.0 7.25
:
MI : 32.0 6.08
MN : 37.8 6.20
WI : 37.6 5.40
Lake : 44.3 35.1 35.7 5.87
:
Cornbelt I : 31.4 30.5 34.7 6.23
Cornbelt II : 39.4 32.3 37.3 6.03
Delta : 31.6 32.1 38.3 5.57
Northern Plains: 48.7 34.6 41.9 5.47
:
OK : 35.0 5.60
TX : 43.1 5.59
Southern Plains: 34.6 28.0 41.9 5.59
:
Mountain I : 47.3 35.1 40.4 5.61
Mountain II : 44.1 37.7 44.3 6.05
:
AZ : 46.0 6.12
NM : 47.7 6.21
Mountain III : 38.1 30.4 46.6 6.15
:
OR : 38.4 6.13
WA : 42.0 6.50
Pacific : 37.8 30.2 40.8 6.38
:
CA : 37.0 31.1 45.5 6.63
HI : 31.8 29.7 38.7 9.95
AK : 50.0 33.0 30.0 7.00
:
US 5/ : 37.4 32.0 39.9 6.21
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/ Region map on page 17.
3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only.
4/ Other States in the same region.
5/ Excludes AK.
HDR2012000170050815951500Hired Workers
Hired Workers: Wage Rates by Region, State,
and United States, July 10-16, 1994 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Type of Worker 5/ : Method of Pay 6/
State :----------------------------------------------------------------
and : : : Field & :Super-: : : Piece :
Region 2/ :Field :Livestock:Livestock :visory:Other:Hourly : Rate : Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Dollars per Hour
:
NY : 5.70 5.64 5.98
Other 4/ : 7.05 6.52 7.10
Northeast I : 6.35 5.71 6.08 10.05 8.35 6.53 3/ 7.04
:
PA : 5.94 5.26 6.15
Other 4/ : 6.17 6.18 6.22
Northeast II : 6.10 5.17 5.80 8.77 7.76 6.20 3/ 5.91
:
NC : 5.20 5.32 5.32
VA : 5.60 5.64 5.65
Appalachian I : 5.29 5.93 5.41 8.90 3/ 5.40 3/ 6.67
:
Appalachian II : 5.33 5.71 5.52 3/ 3/ 5.46 3/ 3/
Southeast : 5.27 5.88 5.35 9.56 6.78 5.34 3/ 6.82
FL : 6.15 7.00 6.33 13.00 8.80 6.29 6.35 9.80
:
MI : 5.54 5.53 5.90
MN : 6.35 5.90 6.14
WI : 5.85 5.02 5.43
Lake : 5.86 4.78 5.45 9.91 7.05 5.76 5.96 6.06
:
Cornbelt I : 5.82 5.97 5.86 7.48 3/ 5.94 3/ 6.87
Cornbelt II : 5.72 5.84 5.78 3/ 6.55 5.82 3/ 6.58
Delta : 5.20 5.19 5.19 8.87 3/ 5.19 3/ 6.43
Northern Plains: 5.49 5.29 5.44 6.36 4.94 5.62 3/ 5.34
:
OK : 5.40 5.43 5.50
TX : 5.14 5.28 5.38
Southern Plains: 5.17 5.59 5.29 8.91 6.83 5.40 3/ 5.86
:
Mountain I : 5.44 5.77 5.52 3/ 3/ 5.93 3/ 5.35
Mountain II : 5.63 5.40 5.53 9.81 3/ 5.80 3/ 6.32
:
AZ : 5.50 5.72 5.54
NM : 5.25 5.93 6.10
Mountain III : 5.43 6.68 5.80 3/ 3/ 5.74 5.93 3/
:
OR : 5.75 5.74 5.99
WA : 6.27 6.32 5.96
Pacific : 6.12 6.35 6.14 9.73 8.81 5.97 7.07 8.14
:
CA : 6.11 6.80 6.15 11.38 10.92 6.10 6.83 10.38
HI : 8.88 3/ 8.85 15.86 3/ 8.98 3/ 14.04
AK : 6.65 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 7.10 3/ 3/
:
US 7/ : 5.85 5.67 5.81 9.67 8.17 5.91 6.61 6.90
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/ Region map on page 17.
3/ Insufficient data.
4/ Other States in the same region
5/ Livestock, Supervisory, and Other published at regional and U. S. level
only.
6/ Piece Rate and Other published at regional and U. S. level only.
7/ Excludes AK.
HDR2012000170050815951500Field and Livestock Workers
Field and Livestock Workers Combined: Wage Rates,
by Type of Farm, by Region and 48 States 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: July 10-16, 1994 : July 9-15, 1995
:--------------------------------------------------------------
Region 2/ :Field :Other :L'stk & : All : Field :Other :L'stk & : All
:Crops :Crops :Poultry : Farms : Crops :Crops :Poultry : Farms
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Dollars per Hour
:
Northeast : 5.88 6.50 5.42 5.95 5.18 6.60 5.73 6.04
Appalachian : 5.14 5.82 5.68 5.43 5.42 6.00 5.58 5.61
Southeast : 5.48 5.79 6.31 5.85 4.79 5.53 4.93 5.25
Lake : 6.75 5.36 4.95 5.45 6.24 5.97 5.97 6.03
Cornbelt : 6.06 5.69 5.72 5.83 5.81 6.27 6.07 6.03
Delta : 4.98 4.68 5.48 5.19 5.14 5.52 5.88 5.40
Northern Plains : 5.71 6.44 5.06 5.44 6.39 6.15 5.30 5.83
Southern Plains : 4.78 3/ 6.21 5.29 5.22 6.33 5.63 5.52
Mountain : 5.44 6.01 5.59 5.61 5.38 6.04 5.78 5.64
Pacific : 6.01 6.13 6.52 6.15 6.03 6.44 7.32 6.47
48 States : 5.57 5.94 5.69 5.79 5.56 6.28 5.89 5.97
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
All Hired Workers: Wage Rates, by Economic Class of Farm
by Region and 48 States 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: July 10-16, 1994 : July 9-15, 1995
Region :----------------------------------------------------------------------
2/ : Gross Value Sales-$1000's : All : Gross Value Sales-$1000's : All
: <40 :40-99 :100-249 :250+ :Farms : <40 :40-99 :100-249 : 250+ :Farms
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Dollars per Hour
:
N. East : 7.08 5.20 5.46 6.88 6.45 6.13 5.36 5.73 7.37 6.54
Appal. : 5.09 5.56 5.36 6.05 5.66 5.51 5.53 5.42 6.20 5.79
S. East : 6.30 6.49 5.84 6.83 6.58 6.11 4.33 5.08 5.58 5.47
Lake : 7.29 4.12 5.77 6.12 5.87 5.45 4.96 5.93 6.94 6.38
Cornbelt : 4.70 5.63 5.76 6.83 6.16 6.01 5.71 6.37 6.57 6.33
Delta : 5.07 5.51 5.20 5.80 5.57 6.16 6.46 5.41 5.40 5.61
N. Plains: 5.14 4.78 5.60 5.66 5.47 3.76 5.54 6.18 6.18 5.98
S. Plains: 5.31 5.12 4.80 6.07 5.59 5.65 5.68 5.70 5.96 5.83
Mountain : 5.06 5.54 5.39 6.31 5.92 5.38 5.62 5.66 6.26 5.96
Pacific : 6.00 6.53 6.56 6.59 6.56 7.09 7.04 6.60 6.89 6.88
48 States: 5.83 5.53 5.65 6.46 6.18 5.93 5.68 5.90 6.58 6.44
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/ Regions Consist of the following States.
Northeast: CT, DE, MD, ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, VT.
Appalachian: KY, NC, TN, VA, WV.
Southeast: AL, FL, GA, SC.
Lake: MI, MN, WI.
Cornbelt: IA, IL, IN, MO, OH.
Delta: AR, LA, MS.
Northern Plains: KS, NE, ND, SD.
Southern Plains: OK, TX.
Mountain: AZ, CO, ID, MT, NM, NV, UT, WY.
Pacific: CA, OR, WA.
48 States: All States, excluding AK and HI.
3/ Insufficent data.
Field and Livestock Workers: Distribution
by Type of Farm, 48 States 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Type of : July 10-16, : April 9-15, : July 9-15,
Farm : 1994 : 1995 : 1995
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Percent of Field and Livestock Workers 2/ 3/
:
Field Crops : 25 19 26
Other Crops : 46 52 44
Livestock, Dairy, :
& Poultry : 29 29 30
: 100.0 100.0 100.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hired Workers: Distribution by Economic
Class of Farm, 48 States 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross Value : July 10-16, : April 9-15, : July 9-15,
of Sales : 1994 : 1995 : 1995
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Percent of Hired Workers 3/
:
Less than $40,000 : 13 10 13
$40,000-$99,999 : 11 8 12
$100,000-$249,999 : 19 18 18
$250,000 and over : 57 64 57
: 100.0 100.0 100.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ 48 States, excluding AK and HI.
2/ Field and Livestock Workers combined.
3/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
Hired Workers: Distribution by Category, United States,
July 7-13 1/ 2/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: July 10-16, : April 9-15, : July 7-13,
: 1994 : 1995 : 1995
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Percent of Hired Workers
:
Employed on Farms Hiring :
1 Worker : 12 12 12
2 Workers : 10 10 9
3-6 Workers : 21 17 20
7-10 Workers : 10 9 10
At least 11 Workers : 47 52 49
: 100.0 100.0 100.0
:
:
Payment Method :
Hourly : 70 69 71
Piece-Rate : 8 8 9
Other Methods : 22 23 20
: 100.0 100.0 100.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hired Workers: Receiving Benefits, Distribution
by Category, United States, July 7-13 1/ 2/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: July 10-16, : April 9-15, : July 7-13,
: 1994 : 1995 : 1995
:--------------------------------------------------
: Number : Pct : Number : Pct : Number : Pct
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 1,000 1,000 1,000
:
Benefits 3/ :
Housing : 203 19 124 15 170 16
Meals : 84 8 48 6 74 7
Bonus : 93 9 81 10 76 7
Health Insurance : 191 18 188 23 222 21
Transportation : 72 7 55 7 69 6
Other Benefits : 183 17 188 23 217 20
Wages Only : 614 59 450 55 582 55
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/ Excludes AK.
3/ All benefits received by hired workers are accounted for in each category.
Other benefits include life insurance, utilities, pension or retirement
benefits, etc.
HDR2012000170050815951500Agricultural Services
Agricultural Services
Crew leaders and custom crews provided 348,000 workers for the Nation's farms
and ranches during the week of July 9-15, 1995. Service workers in California
numbered 93,000 compared with 87,000 during the July 1994 survey week.
Florida's number of service workers was 2,000, compared to 4,200 last year.
The average wages received by agricultural service workers in California and
Florida were $6.42 and $7.76 per hour, respectively. Comparable wages in July
1994 were $5.99 in California and $6.83 in Florida.
Agricultural Service Workers: Number, Hours Worked, and Wage Rates,
for California, Florida, and United States 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Number of Workers : :
: Working on Farms : Hours Worked : Wage Rates 3/
State:-------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Jul : Apr : Jul : Jul : Apr : Jul : Jul : Apr : Jul
: 1994 : 1995 : 1995 : 1994 : 1995 : 1995 : 1994 : 1995 : 1995
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: -------- 1,000 ------- ------ Hours 2/ ----- Dollars per Hour 2/
:
CA : 87.0 91.0 93.0 38.6 31.9 41.4 5.99 6.39 6.42
FL : 4.2 10.0 2.0 48.0 35.0 48.0 6.83 7.58 7.76
:
US : 341.0 214.0 348.0
:-------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Method of Pay : Type of Work
:-------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Hourly : Piece-Rate : Field
:-------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Jul : Apr : Jul : Jul : Apr : Jul : Jul : Apr : Jul
: 1994 : 1995 : 1995 : 1994 : 1995 : 1995 : 1994 : 1995 : 1995
:-------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Dollars per Hours 2/
:
CA : 5.41 5.83 5.97 7.56 7.50 8.11 5.75 6.02 6.14
FL : 6.00 6.70 6.70 4/ 7.75 4/ 5.94 7.02 6.60
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Data are for Agricultural Services performed on the farm by custom
service units such as crew leaders or custom crews. These statistics are
not included in the State-Regional tables.
2/ United States data not available.
3/ Benefits, such as housing and meals, are provided some workers but
the values are not included in the wage rates.
4/ Insufficient data.
Farm Labor Regions
Region States
Northeast I CT, ME, MA, NH, NY, RI, VT.
Northeast II DE, MD, NJ, PA.
Appalachian I NC, VA.
Appalachian II KY, TN, WV.
Southeast AL, GA, SC.
Lake MI, MN, WI.
Cornbelt I IL, IN, OH.
Cornbelt II IA, MO.
Delta AR, LA, MS.
Northern Plains KS, NE, ND, SD.
Southern Plains OK, TX.
Mountain I ID, MT, WY.
Mountain II CO, NV, UT.
Mountain III AZ, NM.
Pacific OR, WA.
HDR2012000170050815951500Reliability
Reliability of Farm Labor Estimates
Survey Procedures: These data were collected by the National Agricultural
Statistics Service during the last two weeks of July using
sampling procedures to ensure every employer of agricultural workers had a
chance of being selected.
Two samples of farm operators are selected. First, NASS maintains a list of
farms that hire farm workers. Farms on this list are classified by size and
type. Those expected to employ large numbers of workers are selected with
greater frequency than those hiring few or no workers. A second sample consists
of segments of land scientifically selected from aerial photography. Each June,
highly trained interviewers locate each selected land segment and identify every
farm operating land within the sample segment's boundaries. The names of farms
found in these area segments are matched against the list of farms; those not
found on the list are included in the labor survey sample to represent all farms
not on the NASS list. This methodology is known as multiple frame sampling,
with an area sample used to measure the incompleteness of the list.
Additionally, a list of agricultural service firms was sampled in California and
Florida. The survey reference week was July 9-15, 1995.
Reliability: Two types of errors, sampling and nonsampling, are possible in an
estimate based on a sample survey. Both types affect the
"precision" of the estimates.
Sampling error occurs because a complete census is not taken. The sampling
error measures the variation in estimates from the average of all possible
samples. An estimate of 100 with a sampling error of 1 would mean that chances
are 19 out of 20 that the estimates from all possible samples averaged together
would be between 98 and 102; which is the survey estimate, plus or minus
two times the sampling error. The sampling error expressed as a percent of the
estimate is called the relative sampling error. The relative sampling error for
number of all non-salaried workers at the U.S. level was 3.0 percent and
3.7 percent for all hired workers. The relative sampling error for number of
hired workers generally ranged between 10 and 20 percent at the regional and
published State level. The U.S. all hired farm worker wage rate had a relative
sampling error of 1.1 percent. The relative sampling error was 1.1 percent for
hourly paid workers and 1.0 percent for the combined field and livestock worker
wage rate. Relative sampling errors for the all hired farm worker wage rate
generally ranged between 2 and 6 percent at the regional and published State
levels. Relative sampling errors for wage rates published by type of farm and
economic class of farm ranged between 2 and 8 percent at the regional level.
Nonsampling errors can occur in complete censuses as well as in sample surveys.
They are caused by the inability to obtain correct information from each
operation sampled, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, and
mistakes in coding or processing the data. Special efforts are taken at each
step of the survey to minimize nonsampling errors.
Revision Policy: Farm labor information is subject to revision the next time
the information is published or the year after the original
publication date. The basis for revision must be supported by additional data
that directly affect the level of the estimate. Worker numbers and wage rates
for April, 1995 and July, 1994 were subject to revision with this report.
Revisions were made and previous data are reprinted in this report for your
information.
HDR2012000170050815951500Index
Index
Page
U.S. Workers on Farms, Hours Worked, Wage Rates ...................... 3
Number of Workers by Region, State, and U.S.
July 1995 .......................................................... 4
April 1995 ......................................................... 7
July 1994 .......................................................... 10
Average Hours Worked by Region, State, and U.S.
July 1995 .......................................................... 5
April 1995 ......................................................... 8
July 1994 .......................................................... 11
Wage Rates by Region, State, and U.S.
July 1995 .......................................................... 5
April 1995 ......................................................... 8
July 1994 .......................................................... 11
Agricultural Services: Workers, Average Hours Worked, and Wages
July 1995 .......................................................... 16
April 1995 ......................................................... 16
July 1994 .......................................................... 16
Other Labor Estimates
U.S. Distribution of Workers ....................................... 14
Wage Rates by Type of Farm, by Region, State, 48 States ............ 13
Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm, by Region, State, 48 States... 13
Farm Labor Region Map ................................................ 17
Reliability of Farm Labor Estimates .................................. 18
Revision Policy ...................................................... 18
The November 14th report will have information for the survey week of October 8-
14, 1995. The report will include the number of Total Workers, All Hired
Workers, Average Hours Worked by Hired Workers, and the All Hired Worker Wage
Rates for 16 States along with regional and U.S. level information. State level
information will be available for Arizona, California, Florida, Hawaii,
Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon,
Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin. The hourly method of
pay wage rate and the wage rate for field and livestock workers will be
available for the 16 States and at the regional and U.S. level. The number of
self-employed and unpaid workers along with the corresponding average hours
worked will be available for California, Florida, Hawaii, and at the regional
and U.S. level. Wage rates by method of pay, type of worker, type of farm, and
economic class of farm will also be available at the regional and U.S. level.
The number of Agricultural Service Workers and the corresponding wage rates
(including by method of pay and for field workers) will be published for
Florida and California.
The next "Farm Labor" report will be released at 3 p.m. ET on November 14, 1995.
********************
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in
its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age,
disability, political beliefs, and marital or familial status. Persons with
disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program
information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA
Office of Communications at (202) 720-5881 (voice) or (202) 720-7808 (TDD).
To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, USDA, Washington,
D.C., 20250, or call (202) 720-7327 (voice) or (202) 720-1127 (TDD). USDA is
an equal employment opportunity employer.
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