HDR1012000170050815971500FARM LABOR Farm Labor National Agricultural Statistics Service USDA Washington, D.C. Released August 15, 1997, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture. For information on "Farm Labor" call Eddie Oaks at (202) 690-3228, office hours 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET. All Hired Workers Up 5 Percent, Wages Up 5 Percent From Last July There were 1.41 million hired workers on the Nation's farms and ranches during the week of July 6-12, 1997, 5 percent more than last year. There were 1.07 million hired directly by farm operators. Agricultural service employees on farms and ranches made up the remaining 340,000 workers. Migrant workers accounted for 10.8 percent of the hired workforce, compared to 13.1 percent a year ago. Farm operators paid their hired workers an average wage of $6.90 per hour during the July 1997 survey week, up 35 cents from a year earlier. Field workers received an average of $6.45 per hour, up 29 cents. Livestock workers earned $6.54 per hour compared with $6.20 a year earlier. During the survey week of July 6-12, 1997, dry weather reduced topsoil moisture from Iowa and Missouri eastward to the Middle Atlantic region. Warm, dry weather provided ideal weather for winter wheat harvest in an area extending from Colorado eastward to Indiana. Meanwhile, beneficial rains dampened the northern Corn Belt. Showers also occurred in the Northwest. On the Plains, scattered thunderstorms caused only brief winter wheat harvest delays. Ideal harvest conditions prevailed on the central High Plains, although long-term drought persisted. Across the Nation's southern States, near-normal temperatures and occasional rainfall prevailed. Cool air cloaked the Midwest and Northeast. Beneficial showers fell along the northern tier of States in the eastern United States. Late in the week, scattered, locally severe thunderstorms hit the Central States, but in the central Corn Belt little rain was received. Temperatures were seasonable and favorable for crop development throughout the East and South. In California, field activities progressed under normal weather conditions in most areas. Small grain harvest was nearly complete as harvested land was being prepared for double cropping. Sugar beet harvest was progressing normally. Cotton growers were continuing pesticide treatments. Some early plantings of corn were cut for silage. Field corn harvest was underway in the Imperial Valley. Fruit, melon, and citrus harvest continued in the northern San Joaquin Valley. Vegetable harvest progressed in the coastal areas. Frequent rainfall delayed hay baling and other fieldwork in some areas of Florida; however, tobacco harvest was active. Harvesting of summer vegetables for local markets continued. In Texas, irrigation resumed in the Plains and small grain harvest reached full speed. Haying activity slowed in wetter areas. Vegetable harvest in the High Plains continued with some delays early in the week due to wet conditions. Sp Sy 8 (8-97) Farm Labor: Employment and Wage Rates, United States, July 6-12, 1997, with Comparisons 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : July 7-13, : April 6-12 : July 6-12, Farm Employment : 1996 : 1997 : 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 : Hired Workers : 1,015 809 1,068 Expected to be Employed : 150 Days or More : 652 *655 689 149 Days or Less : 363 *154 379 : Agricultural Services : Workers Working on Farms : 331 207 340 : Hired Farm & Service Workers : 1,346 1,016 1,408 : : : Percent : Migrant Workers Percent of : Hired Farm & Service Workers: 13.1 6.3 10.8 : : : Hours per Week : Hours Worked : Hired : 40.9 *40.5 40.9 : : : Dollars per Hour : Wage Rates for : All Hired Workers 2/ 3/ : 6.55 *7.04 6.90 : Type of Worker : Field & Livestock Combined : 6.17 *6.59 6.47 Field : 6.16 *6.64 6.45 Livestock : 6.20 *6.40 6.54 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. 1/ Excludes AK. 2/ Benefits, such as housing and meals, are provided some workers but the values are not included in the wage rates. 3/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. Hired Workers: Number and Hours Worked by Region and United States, July 6-12, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hired :--------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. : : Expected to be Employed : and : Number :-------------------------------: Number Region 2/ : of : 150 Days : 149 Days : of hours : Workers : or More : or Less : Worked -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------------- 1,000 -------------- Hours per Week : Northeast I : 49 35 14 37.2 Northeast II : 48 33 15 46.0 : Appalachian I : 67 26 41 38.3 Appalachian II : 39 16 23 30.7 : Southeast : 48 33 15 37.2 FL : 40 36 4 41.5 : Lake : 70 43 27 35.1 : Cornbelt I : 65 36 29 33.2 Cornbelt II : 37 29 8 33.5 : Delta : 50 36 14 41.9 : Northern Plains : 51 35 16 43.0 : Southern Plains : 82 54 28 44.3 : Mountain I : 25 17 8 41.6 Mountain II : 30 21 9 49.5 Mountain III : 25 17 8 41.2 : Pacific : 108 52 56 39.9 CA : 227 164 63 46.3 : HI : 7 6 1 37.6 : US 3/ : 1,068 689 379 40.9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 13. 3/ Excludes AK. Hired Workers: Wage Rates for Type of Workers and All Hired Workers by Region and United States, July 6-12, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Type of Worker : U.S. :--------------------------------------------: Wage Rates for and : : :Field & Lvstk :All Hired Workers Region 2/ : Field : Livestock : Combined : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hour : Northeast I : 6.99 6.41 6.81 7.15 Northeast II : 6.29 5.71 6.10 6.56 : Appalachian I : 5.62 6.67 5.77 5.87 Appalachian II : 5.65 5.45 5.60 5.80 : Southeast : 5.92 6.08 5.95 6.46 FL : 6.71 6.60 6.69 7.60 : Lake : 6.56 6.10 6.35 6.72 : Cornbelt I : 6.70 7.84 6.95 7.63 Cornbelt II : 6.93 6.65 6.82 7.17 : Delta : 5.67 6.42 5.86 6.23 : Northern Plains : 6.95 6.99 6.96 7.48 : Southern Plains : 5.60 6.17 5.83 6.32 : Mountain I : 5.92 6.39 6.03 6.22 Mountain II : 5.88 6.69 6.00 6.33 Mountain III : 6.30 6.21 6.29 6.99 : Pacific : 6.83 8.54 6.93 7.33 CA : 6.74 7.43 6.80 7.24 : HI : 9.11 3/ 9.10 10.34 : US 4/ : 6.45 6.54 6.47 6.90 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 13. 3/ Insufficient data. 4/ Excludes AK. Hired Workers: Number and Hours Worked by Region and United States, April 6-12, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hired :--------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. : : Expected to be Employed : and : Number :-------------------------------: Number Region 2/ : of : 150 Days : 149 Days : of Hours : Workers : or More : or Less : Worked -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------------- 1,000 -------------- Hours per Week : Northeast I : 40 31 9 41.0 Northeast II : 41 *32 *9 40.7 : Appalachian I : 38 29 9 41.4 Appalachian II : 25 17 8 *34.1 : Southeast : 43 35 8 33.8 FL : 60 52 8 41.0 : Lake : 63 50 13 33.5 : Cornbelt I : 55 45 10 35.7 Cornbelt II : 27 20 7 36.2 : Delta : 39 32 7 38.7 : Northern Plains : 27 24 3 *43.0 : Southern Plains : 55 44 11 40.6 : Mountain I : 20 16 4 50.8 Mountain II : 22 16 6 *40.8 Mountain III : 16 14 2 43.2 : Pacific : 61 46 15 *42.3 CA : 171 147 24 45.1 : HI : 6 5 1 37.6 : US 3/ : 809 *655 *154 *40.5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 13. 3/ Excludes AK. Hired Workers: Wage Rates for Type of Worker and All Hired Workers By Region and United States, April 6-12, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Type of Worker : U.S. :--------------------------------------------: Wage Rates for and : : :Field & Lvstk :All Hired Workers Region 2/ : Field : Livestock : Combined : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hour : Northeast I : 7.11 5.67 6.59 7.22 Northeast II : 6.62 5.81 *6.27 *6.99 : Appalachian I : *6.04 6.85 *6.28 *6.49 Appalachian II : 5.69 6.28 *5.86 *6.28 : Southeast : *6.14 5.70 *6.02 *6.59 FL : *6.51 6.30 *6.49 7.19 : Lake : 7.50 6.56 6.91 7.31 : Cornbelt I : 7.28 7.47 7.33 7.91 Cornbelt II : 6.76 6.43 6.57 6.64 : Delta : *5.91 *6.33 *6.02 6.50 : Northern Plains : 7.96 6.61 *7.07 *7.72 : Southern Plains : 5.37 5.78 5.57 5.98 : Mountain I : 6.59 4.95 5.65 5.94 Mountain II : *6.58 *5.99 *6.40 *6.95 Mountain III : 5.78 5.90 5.81 6.24 : Pacific : 6.71 *7.64 *6.88 7.36 CA : 6.90 8.06 6.99 7.35 : HI : 8.81 3/ 8.82 *9.98 : US 4/ : *6.64 *6.40 *6.59 *7.04 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 13. 3/ Insufficient data. 4/ Excludes AK. Hired Workers: Number and Hours Worked by Region and United States, July 7-13, 1996 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hired :--------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. : : Expected to be Employed : and : Number :-------------------------------: Number Region 2/ : of : 150 Days : 149 Days : of Hours : Workers : or More 3/ : or Less 3/ : Worked -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------------- 1,000 -------------- Hours per Week : Northeast I : 49 34 15 39.1 Northeast II : 43 31 12 41.9 : Appalachian I : 57 26 31 32.4 Appalachian II : 37 15 22 28.6 : Southeast : 30 18 12 39.6 FL : 43 38 5 37.7 : Lake : 81 51 30 35.5 : Cornbelt I : 54 31 23 31.8 Cornbelt II : 46 24 22 37.5 : Delta : 40 31 9 45.2 : Northern Plains : 43 24 19 49.8 : Southern Plains : 70 50 20 45.9 : Mountain I : 30 22 8 48.3 Mountain II : 21 14 7 47.8 Mountain III : 20 17 3 50.9 : Pacific : 109 55 54 40.6 CA : 235 165 70 44.7 : HI : 7 6 1 36.1 : US 3/ : 1,015 652 363 40.9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 13. 3/ Excludes AK. Hired Workers: Wage Rates for Type of Worker and All Hired Workers By Region and United States, July 7-13, 1996 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Type of Worker : U.S. :--------------------------------------------: Wage Rates for and : : :Field & Lvstk :All Hired Workers Region 2/ : Field : Livestock : Combined : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hour : Northeast I : 6.80 5.97 6.55 6.98 Northeast II : 6.28 5.94 6.16 6.51 : Appalachian I : 5.36 6.09 5.53 5.73 Appalachian II : 5.35 6.04 5.46 5.90 : Southeast : 5.62 5.25 5.58 5.85 FL : *6.45 7.10 *6.52 *7.39 : Lake : 6.51 6.02 6.31 6.57 : Cornbelt I : 6.70 6.65 6.69 7.09 Cornbelt II : 5.97 5.48 5.84 6.34 : Delta : 5.96 5.75 5.91 6.13 : Northern Plains : 6.30 5.78 6.20 6.46 : Southern Plains : 5.17 5.84 5.36 6.01 : Mountain I : 6.06 5.75 5.90 5.94 Mountain II : 5.88 6.05 5.92 6.27 Mountain III : 5.80 5.99 5.87 6.39 : Pacific : 6.30 8.20 6.43 6.78 CA : 6.33 7.27 6.42 6.82 : HI : 8.74 3/ 8.74 9.85 : US 4/ : 6.16 6.20 6.17 6.55 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 16. 3/ Insufficient data. 4/ Excludes AK. Field and Livestock Workers Combined: Wage Rates, by Type of Farm, by Region and 48 States 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : July 7-13, 1996 : July 6-12, 1997 :--------------------------------------------------------------- Region 2/ : Field : Other :L'stk &: All : Field : Other :L'stk &: All : Crops : Crops :Poultry: Farms : Crops : Crops :Poultry: Farms -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hour : Northeast : 6.46 6.40 5.61 6.04 7.54 6.42 5.98 6.29 Appalachian : 5.45 5.16 6.38 5.61 5.51 6.27 6.40 5.88 Southeast : 4.66 5.43 5.55 5.25 5.57 6.72 6.10 6.36 Lake : 6.50 6.62 5.56 6.31 6.84 7.02 6.10 6.35 Cornbelt : 6.34 5.89 5.85 6.03 7.02 3/ 7.10 7.08 Delta : 5.02 4.97 6.19 5.91 5.61 5.47 6.42 5.86 Northern Plains : 6.01 6.35 5.78 6.20 6.93 3/ 3/ 6.96 Southern Plains : 5.60 5.46 5.53 5.52 5.18 5.79 6.17 5.83 Mountain : 5.31 5.53 6.03 5.64 6.23 6.04 6.34 6.19 Pacific : 6.11 6.41 7.43 6.47 7.48 7.27 8.14 7.39 48 States : 5.71 6.20 6.03 6.17 6.10 6.63 6.45 6.47 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All Hired Workers: Wage Rates, by Economic Class of Farm by Region and 48 States 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : July 7-13, 1996 : July 6-12, 1997 Region :---------------------------------------------------------------------- 2/ : Gross Value Sales-$1000's : All : Gross Value Sales-$1000's : All : <40 :40-99 :100-249 :250+ :Farms : <40 :40-99 :100-249 : 250+ :Farms -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hour : N. East : 7.15 6.33 6.14 7.01 6.75 6.09 5.57 6.61 7.73 6.83 Appal. : 5.84 5.57 5.93 5.75 5.79 5.26 7.07 5.63 5.99 5.85 S. East : 7.40 6.00 5.25 6.42 5.40 6.54 5.89 6.58 3/ 7.01 Lake : 5.90 5.97 5.45 7.19 6.57 5.78 3/ 5.85 6.63 6.72 Cornbelt : 6.56 6.31 6.12 7.05 6.71 7.01 3/ 7.15 7.57 7.46 Delta : 5.47 5.58 5.08 6.38 6.13 6.10 6.17 5.63 6.53 6.23 N. Plains: 6.24 5.39 6.48 6.74 6.46 6.66 3/ 6.10 7.61 7.48 S. Plains: 6.46 6.51 5.68 5.79 6.01 5.40 6.31 6.22 6.67 6.32 Mountain : 6.12 4.86 5.48 6.65 6.16 6.35 6.79 6.11 6.60 6.49 Pacific : 6.46 7.06 6.53 6.84 6.81 7.02 6.67 6.91 7.32 7.27 48 States: 6.42 6.01 5.59 6.71 6.55 6.06 6.42 6.26 7.21 6.90 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Regions consist of the following States. Northeast: CT, DE, MD, ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, VT. Appalachian: KY, NC, TN, VA, WV. Southeast: AL, FL, GA, SC. Lake: MI, MN, WI. Cornbelt: IA, IL, IN, MO, OH. Delta: AR, LA, MS. Northern Plains: KS, NE, ND, SD. Southern Plains: OK, TX. Mountain: AZ, CO, ID, MT, NM, NV, UT, WY. Pacific: CA, OR, WA. 48 States: All States, excluding AK and HI. 3/ Insufficent data. Field and Livestock Workers: Distribution by Type of Farm, 48 States 1/ 2/ 3/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type of : July 7-13, : April 6-12, : July 6-12, Farm : 1996 : 1997 : 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent of Field and Livestock Workers : Field Crops : 26 21 23 Other Crops : 48 49 50 Livestock, Dairy, : & Poultry : 26 30 27 : 100.0 100.0 100.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hired Workers: Distribution by Economic Class of Farm, 48 States 1/ 3/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gross Value : July 7-13, : April 6-12, : July 6-12, of Sales : 1996 : 1997 : 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent of Hired Workers : Less than $40,000 : 11 8 13 $40,000-$99,999 : 10 7 12 $100,000-$249,999 : 16 15 15 $250,000 and over : 63 70 60 : 100.0 100.0 100.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hired Workers: Distribution by Category, United States, 1/ 3/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : July 7-13, : April 6-12, : July 6-12, : 1996 : 1997 : 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent of Hired Workers Employed on Farms Hiring : 1 Worker : 14 11 10 2 Workers : 11 10 11 3-6 Workers : 24 20 23 7-10 Workers : 9 9 11 At least 11 Workers : 42 50 45 : 100.0 100.0 100.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ 48 States, excluding AK and HI. 2/ Field and Livestock Workers combined. 3/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. Agricultural Services Crew leaders and custom crews provided 340,000 workers for the Nation's farms and ranches during the week of July 6-12, 1997, up 9,000 from a year ago. Service workers in California numbered 96,000 compared with 98,000 during the July 1996 survey week. Florida's number of service workers was 4,000, compared to 3,500 last year. The average wages received by agricultural service workers in California and Florida were $6.87 and $8.10 per hour, respectively. Agricultural Service Workers: Number, Hours Worked, and Wage Rates, for California, Florida, and United States 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number of Workers : Hours : Wage : Working on Farms : Worked 2/ : Rates 2/ 3/ State:------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Jul : Apr : Jul : Jul : Apr : Jul : Jul : Apr : Jul : 1996 : 1997 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 : 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- 1,000 ------- ------- Hours ------ Dollars per Hour : CA : 98.0 90.0 96.0 40.0 39.3 37.2 7.17 7.21 6.87 FL : 3.5 13.0 4.0 43.5 *36.0 39.5 4/ 8.44 8.10 : US : 331.0 207.0 340.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised 1/ Data are for Agricultural Services performed on the farm by custom service units such as crew leaders or custom crews. These statistics are not included in the State-Regional tables. 2/ United States data not available. 3/ Benefits, such as housing and meals, are provided some workers but the values are not included in the wage rates. 4/ Insufficient data. Migrant Workers: Percent of all Hired Workers, United States, By Quarter (Includes Agricultural Service Workers), 1995-97 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year : Jan : Apr : Jul : Oct -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent : 1995 2/ : N/A N/A 12.4 11.6 1996 : 5.7 7.5 13.1 11.1 1997 : 9.5 6.3 10.8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Definition "Migrant Worker" is a farm worker whose employment required travel that prevented the farm worker from returning to his/her permanent place of residence the same day. 2/ Data first collected during July 1995 survey. Farm Labor Regions Region States Northeast I CT, ME, MA, NH, NY, RI, VT. Northeast II DE, MD, NJ, PA. Appalachian I NC, VA. Appalachian II KY, TN, WV. Southeast AL, GA, SC. Lake MI, MN, WI. Cornbelt I IL, IN, OH. Cornbelt II IA, MO. Delta AR, LA, MS. Northern Plains KS, NE, ND, SD. Southern Plains OK, TX. Mountain I ID, MT, WY. Mountain II CO, NV, UT. Mountain III AZ, NM. Pacific OR, WA. Reliability of Farm Labor Estimates Survey Procedures: These data were collected by the National Agricultural Statistics Service during the last two weeks of July using sampling procedures to ensure every employer of agricultural workers had a chance of being selected. Two samples of farm operators are selected. First, NASS maintains a list of farms that hire farm workers. Farms on this list are classified by size and type. Those expected to employ large numbers of workers are selected with greater frequency than those hiring few or no workers. A second sample consists of segments of land scientifically selected from aerial photography. Each June, highly trained interviewers locate each selected land segment and identify every farm operating land within the sample segment's boundaries. The names of farms found in these area segments are matched against the list of farms; those not found on the list are included in the labor survey sample to represent all farms not on the NASS list. This methodology is known as multiple frame sampling, with an area sample used to measure the incompleteness of the list. Additionally, a list of agricultural service firms was sampled in California and Florida. The survey reference week was July 6-12, 1997. Reliability: Two types of errors, sampling and nonsampling, are possible in an estimate based on a sample survey. Both types affect the "precision" of the estimates. Sampling error occurs because a complete census is not taken. The sampling error measures the variation in estimates from the average of all possible samples. An estimate of 100 with a sampling error of 1 would mean that chances are 19 out of 20 that the estimates from all possible samples averaged together would be between 98 and 102; which is the survey estimate, plus or minus two times the sampling error. The sampling error expressed as a percent of the estimate is called the relative sampling error. The relative sampling error for number of all hired workers at the U.S. level was 4.0 percent. The relative sampling error for number of hired workers generally ranged between 8 and 21 percent at the regional level. The U.S. all hired farm worker wage rate had a relative sampling error of 1.1 percent. The relative sampling error was .8 percent for the combined field and livestock worker wage rate. Relative sampling errors for the all hired farm worker wage rate generally ranged between 2 and 8 percent at the regional level. Relative sampling errors for wage rates published by type of farm and economic class of farm ranged between 2 and 10 percent at the regional level. Nonsampling errors can occur in complete censuses as well as in sample surveys. They are caused by the inability to obtain correct information from each operation sampled, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, and mistakes in coding or processing the data. Special efforts are taken at each step of the survey to minimize nonsampling errors. Revision Policy: Farm labor information is subject to revision the next time the information is published or the year after the original publication date. The basis for revision must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. Worker numbers and wage rates for April, 1997 and July, 1996 were subject to revision with this report. Revisions were made as noted and previous data are reprinted in this report for your information. The November 21st report will have information for the survey week of October 12-18, 1997. The report will include the number of All Hired Workers, Average Hours Worked by Hired Workers and the All Hired Worker Wage Rates regional and U.S. levels. The wage rate for field and livestock workers will be available for the regional and U.S. level. The number of self-employed and unpaid workers along with the corresponding average hours worked will be available for California, Florida, Hawaii, and at the regional and U.S. level. Wage rates by type of worker, type of farm, and economic class of farm will also be available at the regional and U.S. level. The number of Agricultural Service Workers and the corresponding wage rates will be published for Florida and California. The report will also include certain annual data for the U.S., regions, and selected states. Annual self employed and unpaid worker data will be published. Annual employment data for hired worker numbers, hours worked, and hired worker wage rates will be published. Annual average wage rate data will be published by State for field, field and livestock combined, and all hired workers. A new data series on the number of migrant workers will also be published. Index Page U.S. Hired Workers on Farms, Wage Rates and Hours Worked ............ 3 Number of Workers and Average Hours Worked by Region and U.S. July 1997 ......................................................... 4 April 1997 ........................................................ 6 July 1996 ......................................................... 8 Wage Rates by Region and U.S. July 1997 ......................................................... 5 April 1997 ........................................................ 7 July 1996 ......................................................... 9 Agricultural Services: Workers, Average Hours Worked, and Wages July 1997 ......................................................... 12 April 1997 ........................................................ 12 July 1996 ......................................................... 12 Other Labor Estimates U.S. Distribution of Workers ....................................... 11 Wage Rates by Type of Farm, by Region, State, 48 States ............ 10 Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm, by Region, State, 48 States .. 10 Migrant Workers .................................................... 12 Farm Labor Region Map ................................................ 13 Reliability of Farm Labor Estimates .................................. 14 Revision Policy ...................................................... 14 The next "Farm Labor" report will be released at 3:00 p.m. ET on November 21, 1997. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, and marital or familial status. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA's TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, USDA, Washington, D.C., 20250, or call 1-800-245-6340 (voice) or 202-720-1127 (TDD). USDA is an equal employment opportunity employer. ACCESS TO REPORTS!! For your convenience, there are several ways to obtain NASS reports, data products, and services: INTERNET ACCESS All NASS reports are available free of charge on the worldwide Internet. For access, connect to the Internet and go to the NASS Home Page at: http://www.usda.gov/nass/. Select "Today's Reports" or Publications and then Reports by Calendar or Publications and then Search, by Title or Subject. E-MAIL SUBSCRIPTION All NASS reports are available by subscription free of charge direct to your e-mail address. Send an e-mail message to: usda-reports@usda.mannlib.cornell.edu. In the body of the message type the word: list. AUTOFAX ACCESS NASSFax service is available for some reports from your fax machine. Please call 202-720-2000, using the handset attached to your fax. Respond to the voice prompts. Document 0411 is a list of available reports. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PRINTED REPORTS OR DATA PRODUCTS CALL OUR TOLL-FREE ORDER DESK: 800-999-6779 (U.S. and Canada) Other areas, please call 703-834-0125 FAX: 703-834-0110 (Visa, MasterCard, check, or money order acceptable for payment.) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ASSISTANCE For assistance with general agricultural statistics or further information about NASS or its products or services, contact the Agricultural Statistics Hotline at 800-727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@nass.usda.gov.